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1. Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the empa-kidney trial

Author: Staplin, N, Haynes, R, Judge, PK, Wanner, C, Green, JB, Emberson, J, Preiss, D, Mayne, KJ, Ng, SYA, Sammons, E, Zhu, D, Hill, M, Stevens, W, Wallendszus, K, Brenner, S, Cheung, AK, Liu, ZH, Li, J, Hooi, LS, Liu, WJ, Kadowaki, T, Nangaku, M, Levin, A, Cherney, D, Maggioni, AP, Pontremoli, R, Deo, R, Goto, S, Rossello, X, Tuttle, KR, Steubl, D, Petrini, M, Seidi, S, Landray, MJ, Baigent, C, Herrington, WG, Abat, S, Abd Rahman, R, Abdul Cader, R, Abdul Hafidz, MI, Abdul Wahab, MZ, Abdullah, NK, Abdul-Samad, T, Abe, M, Abraham, N, Acheampong, S, Achiri, P, Acosta, JA, Adeleke, A, Adell, V, Adewuyi-Dalton, R, Adnan, N, Africano, A, Agharazii, M, Aguilar, F, Aguilera, A, Ahmad, M, Ahmad, MK, Ahmad, NA, Ahmad, NH, Ahmad, NI, Ahmad Miswan, N, Ahmad Rosdi, H, Ahmed, I, Ahmed, S, Aiello, J, Aitken, A, AitSadi, R, Aker, S, Akimoto, S, Akinfolarin, A, Akram, S, Alberici, F, Albert, C, Aldrich, L, Alegata, M, Alexander, L, Alfaress, S, Alhadj Ali, M, Ali, A, Alicic, R, Aliu, A, Almaraz, R, Almasarwah, R, Almeida, J, Aloisi, A, Al-Rabadi, L, Alscher, D, Alvarez, P, Al-Zeer, B, Amat, M, Ambrose, C, Ammar, H, An, Y, Andriaccio, L, Ansu, K, Apostolidi, A, Arai, N, Araki, H, Araki, S, Arbi, A, Arechiga, O, Armstrong, S, Arnold, T, Aronoff, S, Arriaga, W, Arroyo, J, Arteaga, D, Asahara, S, Asai, A, Asai, N, Asano, S, Asawa, M, Asmee, MF, Aucella, F, Augustin, M, Avery, A, Awad, A, Awang, IY, Awazawa, M, Axler, A, Ayub, W, Azhari, Z, Baccaro, R, Badin, C, Bagwell, B, Bahlmann-Kroll, E, Bahtar, AZ, Bains, D, Bajaj, H, Baker, R, Baldini, E, Banas, B, Banerjee, D, Banno, S, Bansal, S, Barberi, S, Barnes, S, Barnini, C, Barot, C, Barrett, K, Barrios, R, Bartolomei Mecatti, B, Barton, I, Barton, J, Basily, W, Bavanandan, S, Baxter, A, Becker, L, Beddhu, S, Beige, J, Beigh, S, Bell, S, Benck, U, Beneat, A, Bennett, A, Bennett, D, Benyon, S, Berdeprado, J, Bergler, T, Bergner, A, Berry, M, Bevilacqua, M, Bhairoo, J, Bhandari, S, Bhandary, N, Bhatt, A, Bhattarai, M, Bhavsar, M, Bian, W, Bianchini, F, Bianco, S, Bilous, R, Bilton, J, Bilucaglia, D, Bird, C, Birudaraju, D, Biscoveanu, M, Blake, C, Bleakley, N, Bocchicchia, K, Bodine, S, Bodington, R, Boedecker, S, Bolduc, M, Bolton, S, Bond, C, Boreky, F, Boren, K, Bouchi, R, Bough, L, Bovan, D, Bowler, C, Bowman, L, Brar, N, Braun, C, Breach, A, Breitenfeldt, M, Brettschneider, B, Brewer, A, Brewer, G, Brindle, V, Brioni, E, Brown, C, Brown, H, Brown, L, Brown, R, Brown, S, Browne, D, Bruce, K, Brueckmann, M, Brunskill, N, Bryant, M, Brzoska, M, Bu, Y, Buckman, C, Budoff, M, Bullen, M, Burke, A, Burnette, S, Burston, C, Busch, M, Bushnell, J, Butler, S, Büttner, C, Byrne, C, Caamano, A, Cadorna, J, Cafiero, C, Cagle, M, Cai, J, Calabrese, K, Calvi, C, Camilleri, B, Camp, S, Campbell, D, Campbell, R, Cao, H, Capelli, I, Caple, M, Caplin, B, Cardone, A, Carle, J, Carnall, V, Caroppo, M, Carr, S, Carraro, G, Carson, M, Casares, P, Castillo, C, Castro, C, Caudill, B, Cejka, V, Ceseri, M, Cham, L, Chamberlain, A, Chambers, J, Chan, CBT, Chan, JYM, Chan, YC, Chang, E, Chant, T, Chavagnon, T, Chellamuthu, P, Chen, F, Chen, J, Chen, P, Chen, TM, Chen, Y, Cheng, C, Cheng, H, Cheng, MC, Ching, CH, Chitalia, N, Choksi, R, Chukwu, C, Chung, K, Cianciolo, G, Cipressa, L, Clark, S, Clarke, H, Clarke, R, Clarke, S, Cleveland, B, Cole, E, Coles, H, Condurache, L, Connor, A, Convery, K, Cooper, A, Cooper, N, Cooper, Z, Cooperman, L, Cosgrove, L, Coutts, P, Cowley, A, Craik, R, Cui, G, Cummins, T, Dahl, N, Dai, H, Dajani, L, D'Amelio, A, Damian, E, Damianik, K, Danel, L, Daniels, C, Daniels, T, Darbeau, S, Darius, H, Dasgupta, T, Davies, J, Davies, L, Davis, A, Davis, J, Davis, L, Dayanandan, R, Dayi, S, Dayrell, R, De Nicola, L, Debnath, S, Deeb, W, Degenhardt, S, DeGoursey, K, Delaney, M, DeRaad, R, Derebail, V, Dev, D, Devaux, M, Dhall, P, Dhillon, G, Dienes, J, Dobre, M, Doctolero, E, Dodds, V, Domingo, D, Donaldson, D, Donaldson, P, Donhauser, C, Donley, V, Dorestin, S, Dorey, S, Doulton, T, Draganova, D, Draxlbauer, K, Driver, F, Du, H, Dube, F, Duck, T, Dugal, T, Dugas, J, Dukka, H, Dumann, H, Durham, W, Dursch, M, Dykas, R, Easow, R, Eckrich, E, Eden, G, Edmerson, E, Edwards, H, Ee, LW, Eguchi, J, Ehrl, Y, Eichstadt, K, Eid, W, Eilerman, B, Ejima, Y, Eldon, H, Ellam, T, Elliott, L, Ellison, R, Epp, R, Er, A, Espino-Obrero, M, Estcourt, S, Estienne, L, Evans, G, Evans, J, Evans, S, Fabbri, G, Fajardo-Moser, M, Falcone, C, Fani, F, Faria-Shayler, P, Farnia, F, Farrugia, D, Fechter, M, Fellowes, D, Feng, F, Fernandez, J, Ferraro, P, Field, A, Fikry, S, Finch, J, Finn, H, Fioretto, P, Fish, R, Fleischer, A, Fleming-Brown, D, Fletcher, L, Flora, R, Foellinger, C, Foligno, N, Forest, S, Forghani, Z, Forsyth, K, Fottrell-Gould, D, Fox, P, Frankel, A, Fraser, D, Frazier, R, Frederick, K, Freking, N, French, H, Froment, A, Fuchs, B, Fuessl, L, Fujii, H, Fujimoto, A, Fujita, A, Fujita, K, Fujita, Y, Fukagawa, M, Fukao, Y, Fukasawa, A, Fuller, T, Funayama, T, Fung, E, Furukawa, M, Furukawa, Y, Furusho, M, Gabel, S, Gaidu, J, Gaiser, S, Gallo, K, Galloway, C, Gambaro, G, Gan, CC, Gangemi, C, Gao, M, Garcia, K, Garcia, M, Garofalo, C, Garrity, M, Garza, A, Gasko, S, Gavrila, M, Gebeyehu, B, Geddes, A, Gentile, G, George, A, George, J, Gesualdo, L, Ghalli, F, Ghanem, A, Ghate, T, Ghavampour, S, Ghazi, A, Gherman, A, Giebeln-Hudnell, U, Gill, B, Gillham, S, Girakossyan, I, Girndt, M, Giuffrida, A, Glenwright, M, Glider, T, Gloria, R, Glowski, D, Goh, BL, Goh, CB, Gohda, T, Goldenberg, R, Goldfaden, R, Goldsmith, C, Golson, B, Gonce, V, Gong, Q, Goodenough, B, Goodwin, N, Goonasekera, M, Gordon, A, Gordon, J, Gore, A, Goto, H, Gowen, D, Grace, A, Graham, J, Grandaliano, G, Gray, M, Greene, T, Greenwood, G, Grewal, B, Grifa, R, Griffin, D, Griffin, S, Grimmer, P, Grobovaite, E, Grotjahn, S, Guerini, A, Guest, C, Gunda, S, Guo, B, Guo, Q, Haack, S, Haase, M, Haaser, K, Habuki, K, Hadley, A, Hagan, S, Hagge, S, Haller, H, Ham, S, Hamal, S, Hamamoto, Y, Hamano, N, Hamm, M, Hanburry, A, Haneda, M, Hanf, C, Hanif, W, Hansen, J, Hanson, L, Hantel, S, Haraguchi, T, Harding, E, Harding, T, Hardy, C, Hartner, C, Harun, Z, Harvill, L, Hasan, A, Hase, H, Hasegawa, F, Hasegawa, T, Hashimoto, A, Hashimoto, C, Hashimoto, M, Hashimoto, S, Haskett, S, Hauske, SJ, Hawfield, A, Hayami, T, Hayashi, M, Hayashi, S, Hazara, A, Healy, C, Hecktman, J, Heine, G, Henderson, H, Henschel, R, Hepditch, A, Herfurth, K, Hernandez, G, Hernandez Pena, A, Hernandez-Cassis, C, Herzog, C, Hewins, S, Hewitt, D, Hichkad, L, Higashi, S, Higuchi, C, Hill, C, Hill, L, Himeno, T, Hing, A, Hirakawa, Y, Hirata, K, Hirota, Y, Hisatake, T, Hitchcock, S, Hodakowski, A, Hodge, W, Hogan, R, Hohenstatt, U, Hohenstein, B, Hooi, L, Hope, S, Hopley, M, Horikawa, S, Hosein, D, Hosooka, T, Hou, L, Hou, W, Howie, L, Howson, A, Hozak, M, Htet, Z, Hu, X, Hu, Y, Huang, J, Huda, N, Hudig, L, Hudson, A, Hugo, C, Hull, R, Hume, L, Hundei, W, Hunt, N, Hunter, A, Hurley, S, Hurst, A, Hutchinson, C, Hyo, T, Ibrahim, FH, Ibrahim, S, Ihana, N, Ikeda, T, Imai, A, Imamine, R, Inamori, A, Inazawa, H, Ingell, J, Inomata, K, Inukai, Y, Ioka, M, Irtiza-Ali, A, Isakova, T, Isari, W, Iselt, M, Ishiguro, A, Ishihara, K, Ishikawa, T, Ishimoto, T, Ishizuka, K, Ismail, R, Itano, S, Ito, H, Ito, K, Ito, M, Ito, Y, Iwagaitsu, S, Iwaita, Y, Iwakura, T, Iwamoto, M, Iwasa, M, Iwasaki, H, Iwasaki, S, Izumi, K, Izumi, T, Jaafar, SM, Jackson, C, Jackson, Y, Jafari, G, Jahangiriesmaili, M, Jain, N, Jansson, K, Jasim, H, Jeffers, L, Jenkins, A, Jesky, M, Jesus-Silva, J, Jeyarajah, D, Jiang, Y, Jiao, X, Jimenez, G, Jin, B, Jin, Q, Jochims, J, Johns, B, Johnson, C, Johnson, T, Jolly, S, Jones, L, Jones, S, Jones, T, Jones, V, Joseph, M, Joshi, S, Judge, P, Junejo, N, Junus, S, Kachele, M, Kadoya, H, Kaga, H, Kai, H, Kajio, H, Kaluza-Schilling, W, Kamaruzaman, L, Kamarzarian, A, Kamimura, Y, Kamiya, H, Kamundi, C, Kan, T, Kanaguchi, Y, Kanazawa, A, Kanda, E, Kanegae, S, Kaneko, K, Kang, HY, Kano, T, Karim, M, Karounos, D, Karsan, W, Kasagi, R, Kashihara, N, Katagiri, H, Katanosaka, A, Katayama, A, Katayama, M, Katiman, E, Kato, K, Kato, M, Kato, N, Kato, S, Kato, T, Kato, Y, Katsuda, Y, Katsuno, T, Kaufeld, J, Kavak, Y, Kawai, I, Kawai, M, Kawase, A, Kawashima, S, Kazory, A, Kearney, J, Keith, B, Kellett, J, Kelley, S, Kershaw, M, Ketteler, M, Khai, Q, Khairullah, Q, Khandwala, H, Khoo, KKL, Khwaja, A, Kidokoro, K, Kielstein, J, Kihara, M, Kimber, C, Kimura, S, Kinashi, H, Kingston, H, Kinomura, M, Kinsella-Perks, E, Kitagawa, M, Kitajima, M, Kitamura, S, Kiyosue, A, Kiyota, M, Klauser, F, Klausmann, G, Kmietschak, W, Knapp, K, Knight, C, Knoppe, A, Knott, C, Kobayashi, M, Kobayashi, R, Kobayashi, T, Koch, M, Kodama, S, Kodani, N, Kogure, E, Koizumi, M, Kojima, H, Kojo, T, Kolhe, N, Komaba, H, Komiya, T, Komori, H, Kon, SP, Kondo, M, Kong, W, Konishi, M, Kono, K, Koshino, M, Kosugi, T, Kothapalli, B, Kozlowski, T, Kraemer, B, Kraemer-Guth, A, Krappe, J, Kraus, D, Kriatselis, C, Krieger, C, Krish, P, Kruger, B, Ku Md Razi, KR, Kuan, Y, Kubota, S, Kuhn, S, Kumar, P, Kume, S, Kummer, I, Kumuji, R, Küpper, A, Kuramae, T, Kurian, L, Kuribayashi, C, Kurien, R, Kuroda, E, Kurose, T, Kutschat, A, Kuwabara, N, Kuwata, H, La Manna, G, Lacey, M, Lafferty, K, LaFleur, P, Lai, V, Laity, E, Lambert, A, Langlois, M, Latif, F, Latore, E, Laundy, E, Laurienti, D, Lawson, A, Lay, M, Leal, I, Lee, AK, Lee, J, Lee, KQ, Lee, R, Lee, SA, Lee, YY, Lee-Barkey, Y, Leonard, N, Leoncini, G, Leong, CM, Lerario, S, Leslie, A, Lewington, A, Li, N, Li, X, Li, Y, Liberti, L, Liberti, ME, Liew, A, Liew, YF, Lilavivat, U, Lim, SK, Lim, YS, Limon, E, Lin, H, Lioudaki, E, Liu, H, Liu, J, Liu, L, Liu, Q, Liu, X, Liu, Z, Loader, D, Lochhead, H, Loh, CL, Lorimer, A, Loudermilk, L, Loutan, J, Low, CK, Low, CL, Low, YM, Lozon, Z, Lu, Y, Lucci, D, Ludwig, U, Luker, N, Lund, D, Lustig, R, Lyle, S, Macdonald, C, MacDougall, I, Machicado, R, MacLean, D, Macleod, P, Madera, A, Madore, F, Maeda, K, Maegawa, H, Maeno, S, Mafham, M, Magee, J, Mah, DY, Mahabadi, V, Maiguma, M, Makita, Y, Makos, G, Manco, L, Mangiacapra, R, Manley, J, Mann, P, Mano, S, Marcotte, G, Maris, J, Mark, P, Markau, S, Markovic, M, Marshall, C, Martin, M, Martinez, C, Martinez, S, Martins, G, Maruyama, K, Maruyama, S, Marx, K, Maselli, A, Masengu, A, Maskill, A, Masumoto, S, Masutani, K, Matsumoto, M, Matsunaga, T, Matsuoka, N, Matsushita, M, Matthews, M, Matthias, S, Matvienko, E, Maurer, M, Maxwell, P, Mazlan, N, Mazlan, SA, Mbuyisa, A, McCafferty, K, McCarroll, F, McCarthy, T, McClary-Wright, C, McCray, K, McDermott, P, McDonald, C, McDougall, R, McHaffie, E, McIntosh, K, McKinley, T, McLaughlin, S, McLean, N, McNeil, L, Measor, A, Meek, J, Mehta, A, Mehta, R, Melandri, M, Mené, P, Meng, T, Menne, J, Merritt, K, Merscher, S, Meshykhi, C, Messa, P, Messinger, L, Miftari, N, Miller, R, Miller, Y, Miller-Hodges, E, Minatoguchi, M, Miners, M, Minutolo, R, Mita, T, Miura, Y, Miyaji, M, Miyamoto, S, Miyatsuka, T, Miyazaki, M, Miyazawa, I, Mizumachi, R, Mizuno, M, Moffat, S, Mohamad Nor, FS, Mohamad Zaini, SN, Mohamed Affandi, FA, Mohandas, C, Mohd, R, Mohd Fauzi, NA, Mohd Sharif, NH, Mohd Yusoff, Y, Moist, L, Moncada, A, Montasser, M, Moon, A, Moran, C, Morgan, N, Moriarty, J, Morig, G, Morinaga, H, Morino, K, Morisaki, T, Morishita, Y, Morlok, S, Morris, A, Morris, F, Mostafa, S, Mostefai, Y, Motegi, M, Motherwell, N, Motta, D, Mottl, A, Moys, R, Mozaffari, S, Muir, J, Mulhern, J, Mulligan, S, Munakata, Y, Murakami, C, Murakoshi, M, Murawska, A, Murphy, K, Murphy, L, Murray, S, Murtagh, H, Musa, MA, Mushahar, L, Mustafa, R, Mustafar, R, Muto, M, Nadar, E, Nagano, R, Nagasawa, T, Nagashima, E, Nagasu, H, Nagelberg, S, Nair, H, Nakagawa, Y, Nakahara, M, Nakamura, J, Nakamura, R, Nakamura, T, Nakaoka, M, Nakashima, E, Nakata, J, Nakata, M, Nakatani, S, Nakatsuka, A, Nakayama, Y, Nakhoul, G, Naverrete, G, Navivala, A, Nazeer, I, Negrea, L, Nethaji, C, Newman, E, Ng, TJ, Ngu, LLS, Nimbkar, T, Nishi, H, Nishi, M, Nishi, S, Nishida, Y, Nishiyama, A, Niu, J, Niu, P, Nobili, G, Nohara, N, Nojima, I, Nolan, J, Nosseir, H, Nozawa, M, Nunn, M, Nunokawa, S, Oda, M, Oe, M, Oe, Y, Ogane, K, Ogawa, W, Ogihara, T, Oguchi, G, Ohsugi, M, Oishi, K, Okada, Y, Okajyo, J, Okamoto, S, Okamura, K, Olufuwa, O, Oluyombo, R, Omata, A, Omori, Y, Ong, LM, Ong, YC, Onyema, J, Oomatia, A, Oommen, A, Oremus, R, Orimo, Y, Ortalda, V, Osaki, Y, Osawa, Y, Osmond Foster, J, O'Sullivan, A, Otani, T, Othman, N, Otomo, S, O'Toole, J, Owen, L, Ozawa, T, Padiyar, A, Page, N, Pajak, S, Paliege, A, Pandey, A, Pandey, R, Pariani, H, Park, J, Parrigon, M, Passauer, J, Patecki, M, Patel, M, Patel, R, Patel, T, Patel, Z, Paul, R, Paulsen, L, Pavone, L, Peixoto, A, Peji, J, Peng, BC, Peng, K, Pennino, L, Pereira, E, Perez, E, Pergola, P, Pesce, F, Pessolano, G, Petchey, W, Petr, EJ, Pfab, T, Phelan, P, Phillips, R, Phillips, T, Phipps, M, Piccinni, G, Pickett, T, Pickworth, S, Piemontese, M, Pinto, D, Piper, J, Plummer-Morgan, J, Poehler, D, Polese, L, Poma, V, Postal, A, Pötz, C, Power, A, Pradhan, N, Pradhan, R, Preiss, E, Preston, K, Prib, N, Price, L, Provenzano, C, Pugay, C, Pulido, R, Putz, F, Qiao, Y, Quartagno, R, Quashie-Akponeware, M, Rabara, R, Rabasa-Lhoret, R, Radhakrishnan, D, Radley, M, Raff, R, Raguwaran, S, Rahbari-Oskoui, F, Rahman, M, Rahmat, K, Ramadoss, S, Ramanaidu, S, Ramasamy, S, Ramli, R, Ramli, S, Ramsey, T, Rankin, A, Rashidi, A, Raymond, L, Razali, WAFA, Read, K, Reiner, H, Reisler, A, Reith, C, Renner, J, Rettenmaier, B, Richmond, L, Rijos, D, Rivera, R, Rivers, V, Robinson, H, Rocco, M, Rodriguez-Bachiller, I, Rodriquez, R, Roesch, C, Roesch, J, Rogers, J, Rohnstock, M, Rolfsmeier, S, Roman, M, Romo, A, Rosati, A, Rosenberg, S, Ross, T, Roura, M, Roussel, M, Rovner, S, Roy, S, Rucker, S, Rump, L, Ruocco, M, Ruse, S, Russo, F, Russo, M, Ryder, M, Sabarai, A, Saccà, C, Sachson, R, Sadler, E, Safiee, NS, Sahani, M, Saillant, A, Saini, J, Saito, C, Saito, S, Sakaguchi, K, Sakai, M, Salim, H, Salviani, C, Sampson, A, Samson, F, Sandercock, P, Sanguila, S, Santorelli, G, Santoro, D, Sarabu, N, Saram, T, Sardell, R, Sasajima, H, Sasaki, T, Satko, S, Sato, A, Sato, D, Sato, H, Sato, J, Sato, T, Sato, Y, Satoh, M, Sawada, K, Schanz, M, Scheidemantel, F, Schemmelmann, M, Schettler, E, Schettler, V, Schlieper, GR, Schmidt, C, Schmidt, G, Schmidt, U, Schmidt-Gurtler, H, Schmude, M, Schneider, A, Schneider, I, Schneider-Danwitz, C, Schomig, M, Schramm, T, Schreiber, A, Schricker, S, Schroppel, B, Schulte-Kemna, L, Schulz, E, Schumacher, B, Schuster, A, Schwab, A, Scolari, F, Scott, A, Seeger, W, Segal, M, Seifert, L, Seifert, M, Sekiya, M, Sellars, R, Seman, MR, Shah, S, Shainberg, L, Shanmuganathan, M, Shao, F, Sharma, K, Sharpe, C, Sheikh-Ali, M, Sheldon, J, Shenton, C, Shepherd, A, Shepperd, M, Sheridan, R, Sheriff, Z, Shibata, Y, Shigehara, T, Shikata, K, Shimamura, K, Shimano, H, Shimizu, Y, Shimoda, H, Shin, K, Shivashankar, G, Shojima, N, Silva, R, Sim, CSB, Simmons, K, Sinha, S, Sitter, T, Sivanandam, S, Skipper, M, Sloan, K, Sloan, L, Smith, R, Smyth, J, Sobande, T, Sobata, M, Somalanka, S, Song, X, Sonntag, F, Sood, B, Sor, SY, Soufer, J, Sparks, H, Spatoliatore, G, Spinola, T, Squyres, S, Srivastava, A, Stanfield, J, Staylor, K, Steele, A, Steen, O, Steffl, D, Stegbauer, J, Stellbrink, C, Stellbrink, E, Stevenson, A, Stewart-Ray, V, Stickley, J, Stoffler, D, Stratmann, B, Streitenberger, S, Strutz, F, Stubbs, J, Stumpf, J, Suazo, N, Suchinda, P, Suckling, R, Sudin, A, Sugamori, K, Sugawara, H, Sugawara, K, Sugimoto, D, Sugiyama, H, Sugiyama, T, Sullivan, M, Sumi, M, Suresh, N, Sutton, D, Suzuki, H, Suzuki, R, Suzuki, Y, Swanson, E, Swift, P, Syed, S, Szerlip, H, Taal, M, Taddeo, M, Tailor, C, Tajima, K, Takagi, M, Takahashi, K, Takahashi, M, Takahashi, T, Takahira, E, Takai, T, Takaoka, M, Takeoka, J, Takesada, A, Takezawa, M, Talbot, M, Taliercio, J, Talsania, T, Tamori, Y, Tamura, R, Tamura, Y, Tan, CHH, Tan, EZZ, Tanabe, A, Tanabe, K, Tanaka, A, Tanaka, N, Tang, S, Tang, Z, Tanigaki, K, Tarlac, M, Tatsuzawa, A, Tay, JF, Tay, LL, Taylor, J, Taylor, K, Te, A, Tenbusch, L, Teng, KS, Terakawa, A, Terry, J, Tham, ZD, Tholl, S, Thomas, G, Thong, KM, Tietjen, D, Timadjer, A, Tindall, H, Tipper, S, Tobin, K, Toda, N, Tokuyama, A, Tolibas, M, Tomita, A, Tomita, T, Tomlinson, J, Tonks, L, Topf, J, Topping, S, Torp, A, Torres, A, Totaro, F, Toth, P, Toyonaga, Y, Tripodi, F, Trivedi, K, Tropman, E, Tschope, D, Tse, J, Tsuji, K, Tsunekawa, S, Tsunoda, R, Tucky, B, Tufail, S, Tuffaha, A, Turan, E, Turner, H, Turner, J, Turner, M, Tye, YL, Tyler, A, Tyler, J, Uchi, H, Uchida, H, Uchida, T, Udagawa, T, Ueda, S, Ueda, Y, Ueki, K, Ugni, S, Ugwu, E, Umeno, R, Unekawa, C, Uozumi, K, Urquia, K, Valleteau, A, Valletta, C, van Erp, R, Vanhoy, C, Varad, V, Varma, R, Varughese, A, Vasquez, P, Vasseur, A, Veelken, R, Velagapudi, C, Verdel, K, Vettoretti, S, Vezzoli, G, Vielhauer, V, Viera, R, Vilar, E, Villaruel, S, Vinall, L, Vinathan, 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Published: 2024
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2. Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial

Author: Judge, PK, Staplin, N, Mayne, KJ, Wanner, C, Green, JB, Hauske, SJ, Emberson, JR, Preiss, D, Ng, SYA, Roddick, AJ, Sammons, E, Zhu, D, Hill, M, Stevens, W, Wallendszus, K, Brenner, S, Cheung, AK, Liu, ZH, Li, J, Hooi, LS, Liu, WJ, Kadowaki, T, Nangaku, M, Levin, A, Cherney, D, Maggioni, AP, Pontremoli, R, Deo, R, Goto, S, Rossello, X, Tuttle, KR, Steubl, D, Massey, D, Landray, MJ, Baigent, C, Haynes, R, Herrington, WG, Abat, S, Abd Rahman, R, Abdul Cader, R, Abdul Hafidz, MI, Abdul Wahab, MZ, Abdullah, NK, Abdul-Samad, T, Abe, M, Abraham, N, Acheampong, S, Achiri, P, Acosta, JA, Adeleke, A, Adell, V, Adewuyi-Dalton, R, Adnan, N, Africano, A, Agharazii, M, Aguilar, F, Aguilera, A, Ahmad, M, Ahmad, MK, Ahmad, NA, Ahmad, NH, Ahmad, NI, Ahmad Miswan, N, Ahmad Rosdi, H, Ahmed, I, Ahmed, S, Aiello, J, Aitken, A, AitSadi, R, Aker, S, Akimoto, S, Akinfolarin, A, Akram, S, Alberici, F, Albert, C, Aldrich, L, Alegata, M, Alexander, L, Alfaress, S, Alhadj Ali, M, Ali, A, Alicic, R, Aliu, 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Published: 2024
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3. Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Author: Bengueddach, A., Tidjane, A., Tabeti, B., Behilil, C., Boudjenan-Serradj, N., Bensafir, S., Meharzi, S. E. I., Aissat, A., Ghouali, A. K., Larabi, K., Riffi, O., Kacimi, S. E. O., Mesli, S. N., Rezoug, W., Mitidieri, A., Jose, A., Pablo, C., Rodriguez, C. A., Panettiere, M. F., Barbalace, N., Juan, T., Lucena, J., Houdin, A., Fernandez, E., Lococo, J., Pedro, L., Loban, M., Vecchio, P., Grinblat, A., Carrie, A., Veracierto, F., Santillan, M., Napolitano, M., Avellaneda, N., Rosa, S. L., Gonzalez, C. M., Ferro, E., Munoz, J. P., Ventorutti, T., Cabrera, C., Carrizo, C., Mospane, C., Leiro, F., Espino, J., Trama, M., Bianchi, R., Potolicchio, A., Dindri, F., Buey, L., Lucas, N., Catalano, P., Astilleta, R., Quiroga, Y., Chwat, C., Valli, D., Alexandre, F., Martres, G., Rosato, G., Lemme, G., Romero, V., Doniquian, A. M., Pachajoa, D. A. P., Llahi, F., Fiorenza, J. M., Parodi, M., Ocana, N., Gallardo, A., Valenzuela, A., Perriello, J., Nador, R., Fermani, C., Garay, L., Blanco, P., Villalobos, S., Posner, F., Vieyra, N., Fiorito, P., Ciabattari, P., Kort, C. D., Daryanani, D., Smit, J., Gosselink, M. P., Janssen, N., Feiss, A., Lee, C. H. A., Taylor, D., Edington, J., Chen, N., Ong, W. M., Aigner, F., Moitzi, G., Gemes, G., Braumille, M., Mitteregger, M., Gerald, S., Uranitsch, S., Belarmino, A., Waha, J., Kahn, J., Treiber, M., Schemmer, P., Mikalauskas, S., Ibrahimli, A., Samadov, E., Orujova, E., Namazov, I., Alikhanli, J., Asgarov, M., Kutkut, A., Almahmeed, E., Aljawder, H., Juma, I., Johnston, K., Saeed, M. F., Khairi, S., Matovic, E., Omerasevic, M., Delibegovic, S., Hodzic, S., Rudell, A. G., Fuzari, J., Farah, J. F., Nadal, L. R. M., Dos Santos, M. B. A., Lupinacci, R. A., Pereira, T. S., Sete, A. D. S., Filho, A. L., De Souza Pires, B. L., Queiroz, F. L. D., Amaral, H. A. T., Dos Santos, M. A. M., De Miranda Silvestre, S. C., Hanan, B., Reis, C., Cassia, G., Luz, M. D., Delgado, M., Campanati, R., Silva, R., Bomfa-Barbosa, A., Alves, B. C., Costa, B. X. M., Cortes, B. G. W., Lemos, F. H. T., Arreguy-Borges, K., Silva, T. B., Assis, A., Freitas, A. H., Rezende, D., Silva, H., Alvarenga, I., Cascais, R., Silva, T., Santos, G., Pinto, H., Silva, I., Leite, L., Massahud, M., Meyer, M., Tiburcio, R., Martinez, C. A. R., Espinha, D. R., Marson, F. A. L., De Oliveira Goes, I. A., De Souza Artioli, L. M., Boschiero, M. N., Takahashi, C. Y., Oliveira, F. G. D., Lyra, H. F., De Oliveira, J. C. C., Santos, J. M. D., Gerber, M. T., Erdmann, T. R., Barbosa, A., Fernandes, A., Junior, A. N., Junior, H. M., Moreira, J., Ribeiro, M., Moreira, P., Carvalho, A., Santos, B., Fidelis, F., Cruz, I., Codes, L., Aibe, R., Boudoux, S., Favacho, B. C., Pinto, F., Gava, G., Pivati, I. R., Vilain, L. F., Kim, N., Nunes, R. L., Dimitrov, D., Peneva, K., Karamanliev, M., Dimitrova, S., Ivanov, T., Atanasov, B., Dzharov, G., Shtereva, M., Slavchev, M., Belev, N., Krastev, P., Arabadzhiev, A., Tonova, D., Tzoneva, D., Sokolov, M., Gribnev, P., Maslyankov, S., Pavlov, V., Bakmaz, B., Dijan, E., Coza, I., Mihanovic, J., Kucic, J., Sulen, N., Katusic, Z., Hudacek, K., Farkasova, M., Markova, M., Grolich, T., Kala, Z., Pazdirek, F., Hoch, J., Filipova, L., Kocian, P., Prikryl, P., Hogn, A., Moller, B., Slot, D. K., Baelum, J. K., Cour, K. L., Ellebaek, M. B., Eriksen, N. D., Mahmoud, A., Abdellatif, A., Nafea, A., Ewedah, M., Soliman, M., Yakout, N., Argawy, O., Sallam, I., Kamel, I., Sherif, M., Ashmawy, S., Ali, A., Saad, M., Ahmed, M., Mohamed, M., Mohamed, N., Mahmoud, S., Rashed, A. M., Abd-Errazik, M. A., Ammar, M. A., Mohammed, R., Ebrahem, A., Aal, A. A. E., Abdou, K., Wagdy, M., Qassem, M., Taha, M., El-Wafa, Y. A., Shehta, A., Metwally, A. E., Hamed, H., Ali, M. A., Elrefai, M., Sorogy, M. E., Abdelkhalek, M., Ragab, A., Refky, B., Metwally, I. H., Kamal, M., Zuhdy, M., Shetiwy, M., Sakr, A., Elfallal, A., Elfeki, H., Eldakroury, I., Elbahrawy, K., Mostafa, M., Emile, S., Tessema, A., Tasew, A., Gezahegn, H., Bekele, K., Belay, M., Gudisa, Z., Teferu, Z., Vayrynen, A., Kechagias, A., Turunen, A., Katunin, J., Parhiala, M., Pengerma, P., Lahti, P., Carpelan, A., Vihervaara, H., Huhtinen, H., Pasonen, J., Heino, R., Pakarinen, S., Falenius, V., Pinard, B., Nobile, C., Duchalais, E., Drissi, F., Meurette, G., Podevin, J., Lepenndu, M., Hoetzel, A., Jud, A., Jauch, D., Stefan, F. -F., Neeff, H., Holzner, P., Nguyen, P., Ryl, A., Kehl, F., Pullig, F., Baral, J., Munch, S., Futterer, C., Reissfelder, C., Sandra-Petrescu, F., Herrle, F., Hardt, J., Lamm, L., Seyfried, S., Gharbi, A., Aydin, F., Stavrou, G., Sperber, J., Deken, J. D., Schwarzkopf, K., Widyaningsih, R., Polidorou, A., Mpakas, A., Tokidis, E., Loun, L., Petropoulou, T., Balalis, D., Korkolis, D., Manatakis, D., Assimakopoulou, E., Bourazani, M., Gklavas, A., Kalamara, E., Papaconstantinou, I., Theodoraki, K., Chardalias, L., Konstadoulakis, M., Theodosopoulos, T., Soulioti, E., Kavezou, F., Filippou, J., Papadoliopoulou, M., Michalopoulos, N., Vassiliu, P., Sidiropoulos, T., Charakopoulou, A., Panagiotou, A., Bouchagier, K., Kokkinakis, K., Lambridi, E., Psarologos, M., Maria, S., Giannaraki, S., Kapiris, S., Triantafyllou, A., Theodoropoulos, C., Matthaiou, G., Westzaan, N., Etelka, S., Triantafyllou, T., Schizas, D., Mpaili, E., Karydakis, L., Mpoura, M., Danassi, D., Karavokyros, I., Dimitriou, N., Livanou, X., Kikira, A., Tsourouflis, G., Tomara, N. -K., Nikiteas, N., Dorovinis, P., Garoufalia, Z., Tsiotos, G., Stamou, K., Kocka, N., Ballian, N., Kalakonas, S., Athanasakis, E., Chrysos, E., Xynos, E., Tsiaoussis, J., Papadaki, K., Xenaki, S., Nyktari, V., Sarakatsianou, C., Bompou, E., Arnaoutoglou, E., Tzovaras, G., Baloyiannis, I., Mamaloudis, I., Perivoliotis, K., Apostolidi, E., Mulita, F., Karpetas, G., Maroulis, I., Vailas, M., Petra, A., Kontis, E., Kaouras, E., Katsaros, I., Katsiaras, L., Manikis, P., Papadopoulou, T., Papadopoulos, A., Manioti, E., Zeringa, G., Katsinelis, I., Mouzakis, O., Kouki, P., Nikolaou, V., Marinis, A., Alexopoulou, K., Papadaki, M., Vederaki, S. -A., Samara, A., Giakoustidis, D., Christodoulidis, G., Bareka, M., Chatzikomnitsa, P., Tsigara, S., Papadopoulos, V., Zarzava, E., Anestiadou, E., Lydia, L., Apostolakidou, M., Ioannidis, O., Simeonidis, S., Mpitsianis, S., Futaba, K., Tam, P. T. H., Ng, S. S. M., Lau, V. N. M., Tse, W. K., Banky, B., Dolhai, E., Horvath, E., Golub, J., Marton, J., Lakatos, L., Susztak, N., Maurya, A. P., Kumawat, H., Saxena, P., Lather, R., Waindeskar, V., Khanduri, A., Goyal, L., Gupta, R., Singh, S., Saksena, A. R., Rayani, B. K., Kasula, J., Raju, K., Shah, M. M., Thammineedi, S. R., Patnaik, S. C., Rathod, D., Poonia, D. R., Vishnoi, J. R., Sharma, N., Byshetty, R., Yadav, R. K., Misra, S., Dhali, A., Dhali, G. K., Biswas, J., Ray, S., Ghose, T., Pipara, A., Singh, H. M., Roy, M. K., Desai, N., Thambudorai, R., Ishwarappagol, V., Chaturvedi, A., Verma, D., Akhtar, N., Gupta, S., Rajan, S., Tiwari, T., Kumar, V., Mahajan, A., Jain, D., Liddle, D., Jyoti, J., Haque, P. D., Jain, R., Veetil, S. K., Prem, W., Lakshminarayana, B., Veerabhadrappa, B., Poojary, P. H., Bhat, R. R. K., Mathew, S., Gupta, L., Bains, L. H., Bains, L., Kumar, M., Singh, N., Lal, P., Sharma, A., Kumar, A., Garg, L., Aggarwal, M., Jakhar, R., Bose, B., Huda, F., Thakur, N., Dhar, P., Seenivasagam, K., Prakash, S., Chaudhari, A., Shukla, A., Mahakalkar, C., Saxena, G., Mahuli, K., Kaple, M., Kshirsagar, S., Mehraj, A., Parray, F., Aziz, G., Chowdri, N., Wani, R. F., Gurcoo, S., Shah, Z., Polamreddy, B. M., Madhavan, S., Subbarayan, S., Vino, S., Aravindan, U., George, G., Harikumar, C. K., Yadev, I. P., Chisthi, M., Revathy, P. S., Sreekumar, R. C., Vijayan, V., Theodore, B., Victor, C., Jesudason, M. R., Arulappan, N., Philip, R., Mittal, R., Durai, S., Creavin, B., Cullinane, C., Davis, C., Flynn, C., Liam, D., Cooke, F., Earley, H., Mccullough, P., Neary, P., Hamilton, V., Trani, A. D., Conversano, I., Cianci, P., Petta, R., Picciariello, A., Altomare, D. F., Martines, G., Grasso, S., Moffa, S., Papagni, V., Zanoni, A., Belvedere, A., Romano, A., Croce, G. D., Tanzanu, M., Rottoli, M., Cardelli, S., Lauro, A., Sartarelli, L., Binetti, M., Cervellera, M., Tonini, V., Sanna, B., Pusceddu, E., Runfola, M., Manunza, R., Pisanu, A., Cois, A., Frongia, F., Esposito, G., Podda, M., Mura, P., Cutelle, C., Ammerata, G., Sena, G., Pignataro, M., Scozzafava, M., Mazza, M., Bruni, A., Curro, G., Hila, J., Ammendola, M., Curcio, S., Signorelli, V., Marano, A., Sasia, D., Borghi, F., Giuffrida, M. C., Bonardello, M., Palmisano, S., Testa, V., Porta, A., Scaltrini, F., Iacob, G., Gaspa, I., Guatteri, L., Coladonato, M., Zapparoli, A., Pesce, A., Feo, C. V., Pindozzi, F., Bigoni, I., Torchiaro, M., Fabbri, N., Cianchi, F., Staderini, F., Elena, F., Coratti, F., Barbato, G., Fortuna, L., Romagnoli, S., Bergamini, C., Villa, G., Cecchini, I., Martellucci, J., Izzo, M., Trafeli, M., Scheiterle, M., Manoocheehri, F., Cagnazzo, F., Spampinato, M. G., Adam, N., Depalma, N., D'Ugo, S., Garritano, S., Mazzeo, C., Cucinotta, E., Melita, F., Viscosi, F., Fleres, F., Biondo, S. A., Tripodi, V. F., Spinelli, A., Foppa, C., Greco, M., Sacchi, M., Carvello, M., Deac, V., Laurenti, V., Frontali, A., Zappone, A., Cammarata, F., Colombo, F., Ferrario, L., Curra, M. C., Danelli, P., Vignali, A., Umberto, C., Mastriale, F., Riccardo, R., Turi, S., Elmore, U., Galimberti, A., Ceretti, A. P., Vespo, D., Opocher, E., Longhi, M., Mariani, N. M., Flandoli, C., Ciulli, C., Vaira, G., Ripamonti, L., Cigagna, L., Oldani, M., Tamini, N., Palumbo, A., Castaldi, A., Antropoli, C., Rupealta, N., Palmiero, N., Donatiello, V., Novi, A., Cappiello, A., Bianco, F., Luca, M. D., Incollingo, P., Esposito, R., Gili, S., Aprea, G., Simone, G. D., Palomba, G., Capuano, M., Basile, R., Tropeano, F. P., Luglio, G., Pagano, G., Palma, G. D. D., Cricri, M., Milone, M., Manigrasso, M. E., Anoldo, P., D'Angelo, S., Marzella, A., Scotto, B., Cuneo, D., Ascari, F., Giulino, G., Varoli, M., Laquatra, N., Fortunato, C., Marino, F., Perrone, F., Pace, M., Convertini, O., Boccia, G., Raiano, G., Nuzzo, M. M. D., Calabria, M., Peltrini, R., Castiglioni, S., Bracale, U., Cervone, C., Rega, D., Caliendo, D., Benetti, E., Delrio, P., Guarino, R., Franciscis, S. D., Coppolino, F., Romano, F. M., Selvaggi, F., Pellino, G., Sciaudone, G., Selvaggi, L., Stefano, M. D., Resendiz, A., Carosso, F., Degiuli, M., Salusso, P., Reddavid, R., Benetti, S., Callari, C., Miceli, D. D., Pardo, D., Sabatino, G., Licari, L., Lirosi, M. C., Sorce, V., Peri, A., Mori, A., Pugliese, L., Filardo, M., Nuccio, P., Dominioni, T., Giuseppina, F., Angelo, F., Raffaele, G., Michele, M., Roberto, P., Mondini, A., Muratore, A., Valentino, C., Calabro, M., Danna, R., Cremonini, C., Sbarbaro, C., Tartaglia, D., Coccolini, F., Chiarugi, M., Musetti, S., Pagani, S., Neri, C. M., Leoni, C., Rossi, E., Randisi, E., Puccini, M., Buccianti, P., Balestri, R., Vasale, A. O., Crescentini, G., Ranieri, G., Sinibaldi, G. I., Biondi, Alberto, Sanesi, A. P., Vacca, C., Lorenzon, Laura, Sollazzi, Liliana, Persiani, Roberto, Pezzuto, Roberto, Ferroni, A. F., Stipa, F., Volturo, L., Moretti, M., Tierno, S. M., Marina, S., Mingoli, A., Fiori, E., Pugliese, F., Brachini, G., Carta, G., Sapienza, P., Lapolla, P., Mazzotta, E., Carannante, F., Capolupo, G. T., Masciana, G., Sica, I., Caricato, M., Antonelli, S., Fiume, D., Spoletini, D., Lisi, G., Carlini, M., Menduni, V., Arturi, A., Proietto, B., Lucia, C. D., Baldi, C., Passantino, D. G., Romeo, G., Paola, M. D., Sensi, B., Sica, G., Siragusa, L., Dauri, M., Franceschill, M., Campanelli, M., Bellato, V., Porcu, A., Garau, A. G. G., Masala, M. L., Oggianu, S., Tedde, T., Perra, T., Pazzola, V., Venezia, D. F., Roviello, F., Giacomini, G., Carbone, L., Marano, L., Verre, L., Marano, M., Ciccarese, A. A., Bagnardi, F., Shahu, J., Siciliano, W., Iacomino, A., Armellin, C., Marson, F., Zanus, G., Santoro, G. A., Paoli, M. D., Grossi, U., Sekimoto, M., Kobayashi, T., Horiguchi, A., Koike, D., Yonekura, H., Kato, H., Yoshino, K., Arakawa, S., Asano, Y., Alawneh, F., Rajab, I., Ramadan, M., Masri, M. A., Qaisi, M. A., Alsamneh, M., Mubaidin, O., Al-Jarrah, A., Ababneh, H., Khdair, K., Tawarh, T., Sabri, W., Arida, Z. A., Dzhumabekov, B., Klyshbayeva, D., Fakhradiyev, I., Ispbayeva, K., Nadyrov, M., Tanabayeva, S., Saliev, T., Jumanov, A., Aitbaeva, A., Arynov, A., Kulimbet, M., Maulenov, N., Dushimova, Z., Park, E. J., Kim, H., Kang, J., Baik, S. H., Song, Y., Kwak, H. D., Kim, J., Son, J. H., Chung, J. S., Lee, H., Baek, J. -H., Nam, K. H., Lee, W. -S., Jeon, Y., Kim, C. W., Park, S. -E., Lee, S. -H., Son, G. M., Ahn, H. M., Lee, I. Y., Kim, T. K., Pcolkins, A., Sivins, A., Lobovs, D., Ancans, G., Kreice, I., Budnikova, I., Jelovskis, I., Emhareb, A., Abaidalla, A., Hammed, A., Khairallah, M., Jibreel, S. S., Mohmmad, W. A. S., Hasan, W., Venskutonis, D., Daugela, E., Dainius, E., Juocas, J., Kutkevicius, J., Vaitkute, K., Bradulskis, S., Macas, A., Pauzas, H., Jokubauskas, M., Lizdenis, P., Budrikiene, R., Saladzinskas, Z., Dulskas, A., Volkoviene, G., Makauskiene, J., Kuliavas, J., Bernotaite, V., Danys, D., Kontrimaviciute, E., Poskus, E., Kryzauskas, M., Jakubauskas, M., Poskus, T., Jotautas, V., Zakaria, A. D., Kai, M. W. P., Zainy, R. H. M., Tan, S. S., Zain, W. Z. W., Zakaria, Z., Yusoff, Z. M., Raduan, F., Sagap, I., Razali, N. Y. F., Rahman, N. A., Kanthan, S. B. C., Nie, Y. C., Azman, Z. A. M., Ang, C. W., Tang, C. Y., Poh, K. S., Ng, K., Hashim, N. M., Xavier, R., Khong, T. L., Amir, A. S., Ali, C. S. C., Yew, C. K., Henry, F., Muniandy, J., Baharom, S., Eng, S. C. R., Hu, F. S. -M., Amin-Tai, H., Jabar, M. F., Satar, M. H. S. A., Fathi, N. Q., Rao, P. S., Podesta, A. M. C., Cini, C., Psaila, J., Debono, M., Sammut, M., Spiteri, N., Andrejevic, P., Muro, A. G., Leon, B. P., Perez, J. A. V., Quinonez, J. R. A., Vera, M. T. R., Gutierrez, V. M. M., Bobadilla, B. J., Martinez, C. M., De Leon Rendon, J. L., Hererro, J. A. V., Cuichan, M. V. Y., Baez, N. F., Prevost, P. G., Hoyos-Torres, A., Ruiz-Munoz, E. A., Alvarez-Bautista, F. E., Ortiz-Mendez, G., Zamudio-Bautista, J. L., Salgado-Nesme, N., Vergara-Fernandez, O., Sanchez-Valdivieso, E., Martinez, G., Navarrete-Aleman, J., Perez-Arellano, J., Maldonado-Barron, R., Hernandez-Krauss, R., Ousadden, A., Benjelloun, E. B., Bzikha, I., Ibnmajdoub, K., Mazaz, K., Marghich, O., Touzani, S., Benkabbou, A., Souadka, A., Ahmadi, B. E., Zaari, F., Laamri, I., Majbar, M. 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A., Ekwunife, O., Amadigwe, R., Ojiakor, S., Akere, A., Okereke, C., Olaleye, O., Ige, O., Olubayo, O., Olatiilu, T., Idris, M., Shehu, A., Oluyori, D., Nwabuoku, E., Ukwubile, L., Bashir, M., Daniyan, M., Rauf, H., Ali, M., Zakaria, M., Hameed, M., Amanullah, N., Chawla, T., Waqar, U., Jamal, A., Butt, A., Kerawala, A., Samson, S., Dodhy, A. A., Gill, A. J., Malik, A., Ali, D., Mohsin, H., Afzal, M. F., Batool, S., Suleman, A., Khalid, J., Zafar, M., Dilawar, M., Janjua, M. H., Sarwar, M. Z., Naqi, S. A., Akbar, A., Afzal, A., Anwar, J., Gondal, K. M., Shaukat, M., Waheed, M., Sohail, M., Mukhtiar, N., Ammar, A. S., Hussain, A., Khan, A. N., Sarwar, A., Khan, I., Khattak, S., Oqaili, B., Saada, B., Zatari, D., Jubran, F., Hamdan, F., Emar, M., Alawi, R., Jacome, G., Insturain, I., Arauz, J., Hurtado, M., Beron, R. I., Castano, R., Cao, V. H. 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A., Rodrigues, S., Correia, A., Domingos, H., Herrando, I., Azevedo, J., Fernandez, L., Azevedo, P., Vieira, P., Torre, A., Amado, A., Paiva, M., Saraiva, R., Costa, S., Mendes, T., Queiros, T., Silva, A., Faustino, A., Freitas, A., Mendes, J., Amaral, L., Quintanilha, R., Coelho, A. M., Ribeiro, A., Pinto, C., Ribeiro, N., Reis, R., Fernandes, V., Sanches, A., Amorim, E., Miguel, I., Rachadell, J., Sanches, M., Oliveira, S., Baptista, V., Roxo, A., Devesa, H., Teslyak, O., Barradas, R., Marques, S., Martins, S., Pepino, S., Deus, A. C., Ferreira, A., Marinho, D., Sousa, D., Martins, M. J., Matias, N., Pinto, A., Correia, D., Amado, F., Cordeiro, L., Morales, M., Lamas, M., Marcal, S., Rodrigues, A. I., Santos, A., Marcal, A., Oliveira, A., Gomes, C., Ferreira, C., Marques, R., Chitul, A., Alexandrescu, C., Bezede, C., Cristian, D., Mandi, D., Grama, F., Ungureanu, R., Stoica, B., Diaconescu, C., Ciubotaru, C., Tanase, I., Grintescu, I., Negoi, I., Negoita, V. M., Calin, C., Simeanu, C., Ciotarla, D. C., Caltea, M., Mirica, R. M., Luca, A., Pasca, A., Vlad, C., Bonci, E. -A., Stefanescu, I., Achimas-Cadariu, P. A., Gata, V. A., Capusan, A., Petrisor, C., Dindelegan, G., Seicean, R., Scurtu, R., Bintintan, V., Fagarasan, V., Ionescu, C., Crisan, D., Zanc, L., Ene-Cocis, M. -V., Muresan, M. -S., Mihalcea, S. M., Dudric, V., Musina, A. -M., Ristescu, A. -I., Roata, C. -E., Moglan, M., Dimofte, M. -G., Lunca, S., Iacob, S., Dychko, A., Litvin, A., Kapustina, A., Provozina, A., Anokhin, E., Zabiyaka, M., Shin, A., Djumabayev, K., Kuznetsova, M., Gordeyev, S., Kochkina, S., Mamedli, Z., Markaryan, D., Galliamov, E., Semina, E., Agapov, M., Malahov, P., Garmanova, T., Kakotkin, V., Zaycev, A., Sumbaev, A., Bedzhanyan, A., Orman, E., Petrenko, K., Bredikhin, M., Frolova, Y., Tulina, I., Bashilkina, O., Tsarkov, P., Rodimov, S., Stamov, V., Balaban, V., Alexnder, A., Yanishev, A., Rogozhev, D., Yakunina, N., Chubukova, N., Nugmanov, R., Karachun, A., Petrov, A., Domanskiy, A., Panaiotti, L., Smolina, M., Sapronova, T., Pelipas, Y., Zagaynov, E., Khrykov, G., Davidovskaja, L., Burlov, N., Mankevich, N., Tverdohlebova, T., Bogatikov, A., Lodygin, A. V., Krasnoselsky, C., Vasiukova, E. -S., Kopteyev, N. R., Ovchinnikov, T., Kashchenko, V. A., Novikova, A., Terentyeva, E., Kuleshov, O., Pavlov, R., Koshel, A., Kostromitsky, D., Drozdov, E., Klokov, S., Camacho, A., Khan, F. N., Bandar, M. A., Shamim, R., Chowdhury, S., Kovacevic, B., Krdzic, I., Zdravkovic, M., Kenic, M., Milentijevic, M., Petkovic, N., Radulovic, R., Ngu, J., Teo, N. Z., Singh, P. A., Ong, S. Y., Li, S., Siew, B., Chee, C., Koh, J. J. M., Lee, K. Y., Tan, K. K., Wong, S. C., Loh, W., Pujol, A. F., Rubio, J. C., Farres, L. P., Vendrell, L. L., Del Olmo, M. I. U., Pedregosa, A. B., Galmes, C., Luckute, D., Casanova, D., Artigot, M., Guedes, X., Olivella, Y., Sarda, M. S., Toscano, M. J., Damieta, M. P., Pera, M., Goncalvez, S. A., Galvez, S. T., Ruiz, S. S., Basany, E., Marinello, F., Villarino-Villa, L., Heras, M. V. -L., Martin-Sanchez, R., Mata, R. M., Blanco-Colino, R., Otero, A., Lacy, A. M. D., Sanahuja, J. M., Bravo, R., Ferraz, T., Gonzabay, V., Gonzalez, F., Menendez, P., Del Castillo, V. C. G., Lopez-Pelaez, V. M., Silva, A. 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S., Yigit, D., Unal, N., Iflazoglu, N., Yalkin, O., Topal, S., Gulcu, B., Ozturk, E., Gumbelek, G., Terkanlioglu, S., Koklucan, A., Ince, G., Sen, M., Isik, O., Kural, S., Akesen, S., Yilmazlar, T., Sungurtekin, H., Sungurtekin, U., Vural, U., Ozgen, U., Isik, A., Onk, D., Kurnaz, E., Ozker, T. S., Ipek, A., Ferlengez, A., Erturk, C., Tatar, C., Sevik, H., Akay, O., Sensoy, O., Hayirlioglu, M. B., Aktas, S., Ozben, V., Aliyeva, Z., Mutlu, A. U., Gokay, B. V., Saracoglu, C., Aytac, E., Gulmez, M., Isik, M. U., Hacim, A., Akbas, A., Soyhan, F., Turgut, M. A., Demirgan, S., Meric, S., Altinel, Y., Baris, B., Akova, E., Kahraman, E., Kucuk, H. F., Saracoglu, K. T., Kaya, S., Lel, S., Gurbulak, E. K., Caz, E., Kostek, M., Mihmanli, M., Yazici, P., Oba, S., Kirkan, E. F., Ulgur, H. S., Kalin, M., Dinkci, M. D., Ozkan, O. F., Duzgun, O., Ozturk, S., Zengin, A. K., Askar, A., Sanli, A. N., Erginoz, E., Ozcelik, M. F., Ergun, S., Uludag, S. S., Kara, D., Yilmaz, G., Sarici, I. 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A., Church, R., Dudas, G., Wells, J., Pavlova, M., Sebastiani, S., Paterson, C., Kaushal, M., Patel, P., Panchal, S., Handa, S., Tezas, S., Zaidi, S. -N., Raj, G., Wright, J., Hallam, S., Karandikar, S., Gates, Z., Marshall, A., Thompson, A., Tennakoon, A., Rao, M., Callan, R., Tufail, S., Rajendran, G., Polisetty, K., Husain, N., Clarke, N., Naranayanasamy, S., Hallett, A., Lorejo, E., Ward, N., Antakia, R., Xanthis, A., Simillis, C., Tweedle, E., Panagiotopoulou, I., Grimes, L., Mounstephen, L., Bocancia, R., Carden, C., Lynch, J., Noveros, M. S., Shaalan, R., Khalil, T., Marshall, W., Hodge, K., Balfour, J., Mcintosh, K., Buijs, L., Potter, M. A., Yule, M., Vaughan-Shaw, P. G., Smith, S., Anderson, T., Mcdermott, F. D., Daniels, I. R., Tapp, J., Smart, N., Rajaretnam, N., Bethune, R., Clark, T., Delimpalta, C., Liao, C., Banham, G., Induruwage, L., Velchuru, V., Lawrence, A., Rahman, A., Bennett, J., Badawi, M., Harshen, R., Bhargava, A., Gorrela, K., Jumah, M., Venn, M., Hanson, M., Arya, S., Atendido, T., Shrestha, A., Cook, E., Rakhimov, I., Collins, J., Alamin, N., Vigneswaran, N., Basnyat, P., Shamardal, A., Chacko, A., Wanshantha, D., Bisheet, G., Ebdewi, H., Abdellatif, M., Adu-Poku, P., Tore, A., Adams, F., Allen, K., Ahmed, K., Kulkarni, N., Chitnis, A., Patel, H., Magsino, J., Sarodaya, V., Minicozzi, A., Dempsy, C., Ahmed, H., Jayasinghe, J. D., Okail, M. H., Thaha, M., Hallworth, S., Parmar, C., Chua, L., Pizanias, M., Samin, R., Young, T., Sagar, J., Yorkmui, L., Cirocchi, N., Ahmed, S., Barreda, S. C., Kudchadkar, S., Baker, A., Jayasankar, B., Balasubramaniam, D., Jackson, J., Abdelsaid, K., Hassan, M., Shetty, S., Coldwell, C., Davies, E., Nader, H., Raistrick, M., Ryska, O., Hawkin, P., Raymond, T., Witjes, C., Steen, K. V. D., Crabtree, N., Boyce, S., Somera, W., Woodward, A., Ryan, K., Kassai, M., Aleem, M., Ghosh, A., Rixson, D., Lewis, E., Lynch, N., Shovelton, C., Zywicka, E., Guest, F., Barton, J., Purnell, R., Bamford, R., Teare, T., Adams, B., Chmielewski, G., Smith, I., Smith, L., Connolly, L., Niblett, R., Singh, A., Halliwell, G., Paraoan, M., Doree, N., Asaad, P., Kilbride, C., Carpenter, H., Wilson, J., Fletcher, J., Vijayagopal, K. A., Abbakar, M., Zaimis, T., Walsh, A., Kubisz-Pudelko, A. A., Nono, J., Pippard, L., Chowdhary, M., Dalton, R., Moussa, T., Dominguez, F., Solla, G., Curbelo, J., Laurini, M., Viola, M., Brito, N., Al-Alnsi, A., Al-Naggar, H., Saryah, L., Al-Shehari, M., Alsayadi, R., Al-Hutheifi, R., Shream, S., Biondi A. (ORCID:0000-0002-2470-7858), Lorenzon L. (ORCID:0000-0001-6736-0383), Sollazzi L. (ORCID:0000-0002-2973-6236), Persiani R. (ORCID:0000-0002-1537-5097), and Pezzuto R.
Abstract: Background: Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks.Methods: The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned.Results: A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31
Published: 2024

4. Ether lipid vesicle-based antigens impart protection against experimental listeriosis

Author: Ansari MA, Zubair S, Tufail S, Ahmad E, Khan MR, Quadri Z, and Owais M
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Mairaj Ahmed Ansari,1 Swaleha Zubair,2 Saba Tufail,1 Ejaj Ahmad,1 Mohsin Raza Khan,1 Zainuddin Quadri,1 Mohammad Owais,11Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, 2Women's College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, IndiaBackground: Incidence of food-borne infections from Listeria monocytogenes, a parasite that has adapted intracellular residence to avoid antibody onslaught, has increased dramatically in the past few years. The apparent lack of an effective vaccine that is capable of evoking the desired cytotoxic T cell response to obliterate this intracellular pathogen has encouraged the investigation of alternate prophylactic strategies. It should also be noted that Archaebacteria (Archae) lipid-based adjuvants enhance the efficacy of subunit vaccines. In the present study, the adjuvant properties of archaeosomes (liposomes prepared from total polar lipids of archaebacteria, Halobacterium salinarum) combined with immunogenic culture supernatant antigens of L. monocytogenes have been exploited in designing a vaccine candidate against experimental listeriosis in murine model.Methods: Archaeosome-entrapped secretory protein antigens (SAgs) of L. monocytogenes were evaluated for their immunological responses and tendency to deplete bacterial burden in BALB/c mice challenged with sublethal listerial infection. Various immunological studies involving cytokine profiling, lymphocyte proliferation assay, detection of various surface markers (by flowcytometric analysis), and antibody isotypes (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were used for establishing the vaccine potential of archaeosome-entrapped secretory proteins.Results: Immunization schedule involving archaeosome-encapsulated SAgs resulted in upregulation of Th1 cytokine production along with boosted memory in BALB/c mice. It also showed protective effect by reducing listerial burden in various vital organs (liver and spleen) of the infected mice. However, the soluble form of the antigens (SAgs) and their physical mixture with sham (empty) archaeosomes, besides showing feeble Th1 response, were unable to protect the animals against virulent listerial infection.Conclusion: On the basis of the evidence provided by the current data, it is inferred that archaeosome-entrapped SAgs formulation not only enhances cytotoxic T cell response but also helps in the clearance of pathogens and thereby increases the survival of the immunized animals.Keywords: archaeosome, culture supernatant, antigen-presenting cells, Th1 cytokines, co-stimulatory markers, lymphocyte proliferation, protection studies
Published: 2012

5. Fungus-mediated biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles: potential in detection of liver cancer

Author: Chauhan A, Zubair S, Tufail S, Sherwani A, Sajid M, Raman SC, Azam A, and Owais M
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Arun Chauhan1, Swaleha Zubair2, Saba Tufail1, Asif Sherwani1, Mohammad Sajid1, Suri C Raman3, Amir Azam4, Mohammad Owais1 1Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, 2Women's College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 3Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 4Centre of Excellence in Material Sciences, Department of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India Background: Nanomaterials are considered to be the pre-eminent component of the rapidly advancing field of nanotechnology. However, developments in the biologically inspired synthesis of nanoparticles are still in their infancy and consequently attracting the attention of material scientists throughout the world. Keeping in mind the fact that microorganism-assisted synthesis of nanoparticles is a safe and economically viable prospect, in the current study we report Candida albicans-mediated biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Methods and results: Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and various spectrophotometric analyses were performed to characterize the gold nanoparticles. The morphology of the synthesized gold particles depended on the abundance of C. albicans cytosolic extract. Transmission electron microscopy, nanophox particle analysis, and atomic force microscopy revealed the size of spherical gold nanoparticles to be in the range of 20–40 nm and nonspherical gold particles were found to be 60–80 nm. We also evaluated the potential of biogenic gold nanoparticles to probe liver cancer cells by conjugating them with liver cancer cell surface-specific antibodies. The antibody-conjugated gold particles were found to bind specifically to the surface antigens of the cancer cells. Conclusion: The antibody-conjugated gold particles synthesized in this study could successfully differentiate normal cell populations from cancerous cells. Keywords: gold nanoparticles, Candida albicans, biomimetic synthesis, cancer cell diagnosis, antiliver cell antibody
Published: 2011

6. Presentation and clinical course of Wolfram (DIDMOAD) syndrome from North India

Author: Ganie, M. A., Laway, B. A., Nisar, S., Wani, M. M., Khurana, M. L., Ahmad, F., Ahmed, S., Gupta, P., Ali, I., Shabir, I., Shadan, A., Ahmed, A., and Tufail, S.
Published: 2011
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7. Predictors of onset of depression and anxiety in the year after diagnosis of breast cancer

Author: Hill, J., Holcombe, C., Clark, L., Boothby, M. R. K., Hincks, A., Fisher, J., Tufail, S., and Salmon, P.
Published: 2011

8. Survey of Solid State Drives, Characteristics, Technology, and Applications

Author: Riggs, H., primary, Tufail, S., additional, Parvez, I., additional, and Sarwat, A., additional
Published: 2020
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9. Gender perceptions and adaptation strategies to climatic hazards-floods in rural areas of District Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan

Author: Fitriani, N, primary, Aymen, M, additional, Huda, N ul, additional, Tufail, S M, additional, Amir, S, additional, and Saud, M, additional
Published: 2019
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10. Perspectives on the production of milk on small-holder dairy farms and its utilisation in developing countries

Author: Wynn, P. C., primary, Godfrey, S. S., additional, Aslam, N., additional, Warriach, H. M., additional, Tufail, S., additional, Jahan, M., additional, Batool Naqvi, Z., additional, Latif, S., additional, Wang, B., additional, and McGill, D. M., additional
Published: 2019
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11. Non Clinical Risk Factors of Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Analysis Approach

Author: Waheed K, Hanif A, Sajid Mr, Ashraf T, Tufail S, Butt A, and Ansar A
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Heart disease, business.industry, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Random effects model, Omics, Confidence interval, Internal medicine, Meta-analysis, medicine, Myocardial infarction, Family history, business
Abstract: Background: Myocardial Infarction (MI) is a coronary heart disease that is one of the main causes of the mortality over the globe. There are various clinical and non-clinical risk factors that can be further classified as modifiable and non-modifiable. This study has explored the role of the some Non Clinical factors like; Gender, Education and Family History with MI using Meta-analysis approach. Methods: The published literature from 1990 to 2015 on MI was collected by using several databases and search engines. A review of the collected literature (28 studies) showed that the studies under analysis were of different origins and had different objectives. For each study, Odds Ratio and 95% confidence intervals was extracted and pooled with a random effect model, weighting for the inverse of the variance. Meta-analysis software version 2.0 was used to analyze heterogeneity analysis and estimate pooled estimates through random effect model. Results: The study has showed that gender (OR=1.391 and 95% C.I.: 1.140, 1.697), family history of heart diseases (OR=3.206 95% C.I.:2.064, 4.981) and low education level or illiteracy (OR=1.552 and 95%C.I.: 1.132, 2.128) are the significant risk factors in developing Myocardial Infarction. Conclusion: This study has concluded that included factors in this study are significantly related to the Myocardial Infarction. Gender difference, family history of heart disease and low education are the important risk factors in causing this fatal disease.
Published: 2017
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12. Arsenic(III) Toxicological Impacts on Gallus gallus domesticus Early Days Brooding and its Bio-Accumulation Studies in Blood Samples by DPASV

Author: Rasul, L., primary, Tufail, S., additional, and Rasool, H., additional
Published: 2016
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13. Conservative management of patellofemoral pain syndrome: Integrating the evidence base with physiotherapists’ clinical reasoning

Author: Barton, C., primary, Hemmings, S., additional, Tufail, S., additional, and Morrissey, D., additional
Published: 2012
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14. Predictors of onset of depression and anxiety in the year after diagnosis of breast cancer

Author: Hill, J., primary, Holcombe, C., additional, Clark, L., additional, Boothby, M. R. K., additional, Hincks, A., additional, Fisher, J., additional, Tufail, S., additional, and Salmon, P., additional
Published: 2010
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15. P960 Closure versus non-closure of peritoneum in caesarean section

Author: Chaudhri, R., primary and Tufail, S., additional
Published: 2009
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16. Mortality Rates in Diabetic Patients from a Community-based Population Compared to Local Age/Sex Matched Controls

Author: Gatling, W., primary, Tufail, S., additional, Mullee, M.A., additional, Westacott, T.A., additional, and Hill, R.D., additional
Published: 1997
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17. The Integrated Research Application System: an introduction.

Author: Yewlett A, Tufail S, Whitaker M, Manohar S, and Stew B
Published: 2009
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18. Exploring In Vitro Antibiofilm Potential and In Vivo Toxicity Assessment of Gold Nanoparticles.

Author: Liaqat I, Andleeb S, Naseem S, Ali A, Latif AA, Aftab MN, Ali S, Bibi A, Mubin M, Khalid A, Afzaal M, Yang GJ, Tufail S, and Ahmad H
Subjects: Animals, Mice, Male, Liver drug effects, Kidney drug effects, Kidney pathology, Particle Size, Gold chemistry, Biofilms drug effects, Metal Nanoparticles chemistry, Metal Nanoparticles toxicity, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents toxicity, Pseudomonas aeruginosa drug effects, Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Abstract: In this study, biogenically synthesized AuNPs were first characterized via UV visible spectroscopy, SEM, XRD, and FTIR followed by toxicity evaluation using mice model. UV-visible spectroscopy of biogenic AuNPs showed peaks at 540-549 nm, while FTIR spectrum showed various functional groups involving O-H, Amide I, Amide II, O-H, C-H groups, and so on. SEM showed the size variation from 30 to 60 nm. Antibacterial potential against pathogenic isolates showed bigger ZOI (31.0 mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa AuNPs. Antibiofilm activity showing up to 100% inhibition at 90 µg mL -1 concentration of AuNPs. Toxicity evaluation showed LD 50 as 70 mg kg -1 . Exposure to AuNPs caused significant changes in the levels of serum AST (p < 0.05) at 100-150 mg kg -1 of AuNPs exposure. Histopathology of male albino mice kidney and liver revealed that mice exposed to maximum concentration of AuNPs showed necrosis, cell distortion, and hepatocytes detachment. Present study showed that biologically synthesized AuNPs possess effective antimicrobial and biofilm inhibitory potential. AuNPs strong bactericidal effect even at lower concentration suggest that NPs could have excellent potential for combating pathogens. In conclusion, nanotechnology may revolutionize human life and medical industry by developing innovative drugs with the potential to treat diseases in shorter and noninvasive time period. Hence, in vitro biosafety and experimental observations followed by in vivo outcomes are crucial in shifting the novel therapeutics into medical practice thus leading further into their future development., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)
Published: 2025
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19. Negative faculty role modelling - is it a reflection of deteriorating societal values?

Author: Bashir A, McTaggart IJ, Tufail S, Mustafa N, and Rauf A
Subjects: Humans, Pakistan, Focus Groups, Interviews as Topic, Female, Professional Role, Male, Grounded Theory, Professionalism, Faculty, Medical psychology, Students, Medical psychology, Qualitative Research, Social Values
Abstract: Background: Negative faculty role modelling is an area of growing concern especially due to its implications on medical professionalism. The study aims to explore the impacts of negative role modelling on professionalism of medical students in the context of Pakistan., Methods: This qualitative study is part of a larger study exploring impacts of role modelling on professionalism of students. It is based on Constructivist Grounded Theory involving six semi-structured interviews with clinical faculty and three focus group discussions with 22 students. Initial, focused, selective coding and thematic analysis was used to find the core category., Results: Three overarching categories were developed: traits observed with negative role models; impact of negative role modelling; factors promoting negative role modelling. Subcategories of impacts included negative impact on professionalism, emotional impact, and its paradoxical positive impact. Negative role modelling, a manifestation of declining professionalism, was attributed to deteriorating societal values; further compounded by the lack of required mechanisms by institutions and the regulatory authority at their respective levels., Conclusions: In the absence of a strong moral platform at societal level, the burden of responsibility rests with the faculty and more importantly with institutions and regulatory bodies to discourage negative role modelling and educate students to recognize, reflect on and avoid negative behaviours and adopt strong professional values.
Published: 2024
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20. Impact of the circular economy on ecological footprint: evidence from Germany.

Author: Musa K, Tufail S, Erum N, Said J, and Mustaffa AH
Subjects: Germany, Renewable Energy, Conservation of Natural Resources, Sustainable Development, Recycling
Abstract: The circular economy practices contribute to sustainable development by maximising efficiency, utilising renewable resources, extending product lifespans, and implementing waste reduction strategies. This study investigates the individual impacts of four sources of the circular economy on the ecological footprint in Germany, a country that is among the pioneers in establishing a comprehensive roadmap for the circular economy. The four sources examined are renewable energy consumption (REC), recycling, reuse, and repair of materials. Using time series data from 1990 to 2021, the study employed the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) simulation technique and also applied kernel-based linear regression (KRLS) to test the robustness of the results. The findings revealed that reuse practices significantly reduce the ecological footprint in both the short and long run. REC and repair also substantially decrease the ecological footprint, as shown by the simulation analysis. Conversely, while recycling is generally considered crucial for minimising environmental impact, in this study, it was found to contribute to environmental degradation. This paradox may be attributed to the nascent state of the recycling industry and data limitations. The results from KRLS confirm the findings of the dynamic ARDL. It is recommended that policymakers develop measures that are appropriate, efficient, and targeted to enhance the role of each source of the circular economy in reducing the ecological footprint in Germany. The major limitation of the study is its reliance on the indirect measures of circular economy attributed to the non-availability of data on direct measures., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2024
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21. Combating Parkinson's disease with plant-derived polyphenols: Targeting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.

Author: Gahtani RM, Shoaib S, Hani U, Jayachithra R, Alomary MN, Chauhan W, Jahan R, Tufail S, and Ansari MA
Subjects: Humans, Animals, Antioxidants pharmacology, Antioxidants therapeutic use, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Parkinson Disease drug therapy, Parkinson Disease metabolism, Polyphenols pharmacology, Polyphenols therapeutic use, Neuroprotective Agents pharmacology, Neuroprotective Agents therapeutic use, Neuroinflammatory Diseases drug therapy, Neuroinflammatory Diseases metabolism
Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder predominantly affecting the elderly, characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. An imbalance between cellular antioxidant activity and ROS production leads to oxidative stress, contributing to disease progression. Dopamine metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation in dopaminergic neurons have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Consequently, there is a pressing need for therapeutic interventions capable of scavenging ROS. Current pharmacological approaches, such as L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (levodopa or L-DOPA) and other drugs, provide symptomatic relief but are limited by severe side effects. Researchers worldwide have been exploring alternative compounds with less toxicity to address the multifaceted challenges associated with Parkinson's disease. In recent years, plant-derived polyphenolic compounds have gained significant attention as potential therapeutic agents. These compounds exhibit neuroprotective effects by targeting pathophysiological responses, including oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, in Parkinson's disease. The objective of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the neuroprotective effects of various polyphenols in Parkinson's disease, focusing on their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and to discuss their potential as therapeutic candidates. This review highlights the progress made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of action of these polyphenols, identifying potential therapeutic targets, and optimizing their delivery and bioavailability. Well-designed clinical trials are necessary to establish the efficacy and safety of polyphenol-based interventions in the management of Parkinson's disease., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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22. Antibiotic-Loaded Nano-Sized Delivery Systems: An Insight into Gentamicin and Vancomycin.

Author: Pisani S, Tufail S, Rosalia M, Dorati R, Genta I, Chiesa E, and Conti B
Abstract: The fight against infectious disease has remained an ever-evolving challenge in the landscape of healthcare. The ability of pathogens to develop resistance against conventional drug treatments has decreased the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions, and antibiotic resistance is recognized as one of the main challenges of our time. The goal of this systematic review paper is to provide insight into the research papers published on innovative nanosized drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on gentamycin and vancomycin and to discuss the opportunity of their repurposing through nano DDS formulations. These two antibiotics are selected because (i) gentamicin is the first-line drug used to treat suspected or confirmed infections caused by Gram-negative bacterial infections and (ii) vancomycin is used to treat serious Gram-positive bacterial infections. Moreover, both antibiotics have severe adverse effects, and one of the purposes of their formulation as nanosized DDSs is to overcome them. The review paper includes an introduction focusing on the challenges of infectious diseases and traditional therapeutic treatments, a brief description of the chemical and pharmacological properties of gentamicin and vancomycin, case studies from the literature on innovative nanosized DDSs as carriers of the two antibiotic drugs, and a discussion of the results found in the literature.
Published: 2024
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23. Editorial: Immunotherapies against infectious diseases.

Author: Tufail S, Sherwani MA, and Islam N
Abstract: Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Published: 2024
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24. Hepato and Nephro protective potentials of lyophilized juice of Citrus reticulata L. fruit against paracetamol induced toxicity in rats.

Author: Tufail S, Chaman S, Waheed I, Saleem G, Khalil Ur Rehman M, Maab H, Qamar S, Khokhar R, Saeed R, and Zayed Izhar M
Subjects: Animals, Rats, Male, Kidney drug effects, Liver drug effects, Liver metabolism, Fruit chemistry, Polyphenols pharmacology, Polyphenols analysis, Flavonoids pharmacology, Flavonoids analysis, Rats, Wistar, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury prevention & control, Acetaminophen toxicity, Citrus chemistry, Fruit and Vegetable Juices analysis, Freeze Drying
Abstract: This study scrutinized the phytochemical composition, curative, hepato and nephro protective effect of different doses of lyophilized juice of Citrus reticulata fruit against paracetamol induced toxicity. Phytochemical screening and RP-HPLC analysis were conducted to quantify total polyphenols and flavonoids respectively. For evaluation of in vivo curative and protective effects, thirty six rats were randomly divided into six groups. In first four groups 1, II, III and IV paracetamol 75mg/kg, i.p, 150mg/kg, 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg p.o doses of lyophilized juice were administered to rats respectively. Blood samples were withdrawn at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours in paracetamol treated rats. For screening of hepato and nephro protective effect Group V and VI were fed on lyophilized juice (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg p.o) for seven days and on 8 th day blood samples were collected at 0,24,48 and 72 hours. Hepatic and renal biomarkers were monitored. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of total polyphenols (20.7±0.3GAEmg/g) and flavonoid contents (21.2±0.4QE mg/g). RP-HPLC also confirmed the presence of Myricetin, Quercetin and Kaempferol in fruit juice. The lyophilized juice at 500mg/kg dose have shown profound decrease in paracetamol induced elevated serum levels of liver and kidney functions, which suggests a possible therapeutic role of its constituents in hepatic and kidney malfunctions.
Published: 2024

25. 2D nanostructures: Potential in diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Author: Tufail S, Sherwani MA, Shamim Z, Abdullah, Goh KW, Alomary MN, Ansari MA, Almosa AA, Ming LC, Abdullah ADI, Khan FB, Menhali AA, Mirza S, and Ayoub MA
Subjects: Humans, Graphite chemistry, Alzheimer Disease diagnosis, Alzheimer Disease drug therapy, Nanostructures therapeutic use, Nanostructures chemistry, Biosensing Techniques methods
Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have garnered enormous attention seemingly due to their unusual architecture and properties. Graphene and graphene oxide based 2D nanomaterials remained the most sought after for several years but the quest to design superior 2D nanomaterials which can find wider application gave rise to development of non-graphene 2D materials as well. Consequently, in addition to graphene based 2D nanomaterials, 2D nanostructures designed using macromolecules (such as DNAs, proteins, peptides and peptoids), transition metal dichalcogenides, transition-metal carbides and/or nitrides (MXene), black phosphorous, chitosan, hexagonal boron nitrides, and graphitic carbon nitride, and covalent organic frameworks have been developed. Interestingly, these 2D nanomaterials have found applications in diagnosis and treatment of various diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although AD is one of the most debilitating neurodegenerative conditions across the globe; unfortunately, there remains a paucity of effective diagnostic and/or therapeutic intervention for it till date. In this scenario, nanomaterial-based biosensors, or therapeutics especially 2D nanostructures are emerging to be promising in this regard. This review summarizes the diagnostic and therapeutic platforms developed for AD using 2D nanostructures. Collectively, it is worth mentioning that these 2D nanomaterials would seemingly provide an alternative and intriguing platform for biomedical interventions., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest There are none, (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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26. Optimising Preeclampsia First-Trimester Screening Using Three Parameters.

Author: Baqai S, Tufail S, Waheed A, and Hanif QUA
Subjects: United States, Pregnancy, Humans, Female, Young Adult, Adult, Pregnancy Trimester, First, Blood Pressure, Algorithms, Ethnicity, Pre-Eclampsia diagnosis
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the performance of first-trimester preeclampsia-screening algorithm in predicting preeclampsia (PE)., Study Design: Observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Combined Military Hospitals (CMH) Lahore, Pakistan, between 1st January and 31st August 2022., Methodology: Data of 100 women of any parity aged 18-35 years at gestational age < 13 weeks based on the last menstrual period (LMP), was analysed. First trimester Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) screening algorithm for preeclampsia was used entering maternal characteristics, mean arterial pressure and uterine pulsatility index only, for risk calculation. Patients were followed up till delivery for the development of preeclampsia and fetomaternal outcomes. Clinical characteristics of women with and without preeclampsia were compared using the Chi-square and independent samples t-test., Results: The mean age of patients was 29.29±4.56 years and 60% were nullipara. Seventy-eight patients were placed in the low-risk category and 22 patients were in the high-risk category according to the FMF algorithm. Preeclampsia developed in 13 patients. For a risk cut-off of 1 in 100, the FMF algorithm showed a detection rate of 38% with diagnostic accuracy of 75% and a false positive rate (FPR) of 20%., Conclusion: Although the performance of adapted FMF algorithm to predict preeclampsia gestational was low, it was found superior to prediction by maternal risk factors alone. Adjustment for additional factors or ethnicity-specific values may help in further improvement of detection rate., Key Words: Blood pressure, Biomarkers, Biological markers, Preeclampsia, Risk assessment.
Published: 2023
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27. Context awareness based Sketch-DeepNet architecture for hand-drawn sketches classification and recognition in AIoT.

Author: Ali S, Aslam N, Kim D, Abbas A, Tufail S, and Azhar B
Abstract: A sketch is a black-and-white, 2-D graphical representation of an object and contains fewer visual details as compared to a colored image. Despite fewer details, humans can recognize a sketch and its context very efficiently and consistently across languages, cultures, and age groups, but it is a difficult task for computers to recognize such low-detail sketches and get context out of them. With the tremendous increase in popularity of IoT devices such as smartphones and smart cameras, etc ., it has become more critical to recognize free hand-drawn sketches in computer vision and human-computer interaction in order to build a successful artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) system that can first recognize the sketches and then understand the context of multiple drawings. Earlier models which addressed this problem are scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) and bag-of-words (BoW). Both SIFT and BoW used hand-crafted features and scale-invariant algorithms to address this issue. But these models are complex and time-consuming due to the manual process of features setup. The deep neural networks (DNNs) performed well with object recognition on many large-scale datasets such as ImageNet and CIFAR-10. However, the DDN approach cannot be carried out for hand-drawn sketches problems. The reason is that the data source is images, and all sketches in the images are, for example, 'birds' instead of their specific category ( e.g ., 'sparrow'). Some deep learning approaches for sketch recognition problems exist in the literature, but the results are not promising because there is still room for improvement. This article proposed a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture called Sketch-DeepNet for the sketch recognition task. The proposed Sketch-DeepNet architecture used the TU-Berlin dataset for classification. The experimental results show that the proposed method beats the performance of the state-of-the-art sketch classification methods. The proposed model achieved 95.05% accuracy as compared to existing models DeformNet (62.6%), Sketch-DNN (72.2%), Sketch-a-Net (77.95%), SketchNet (80.42%), Thinning-DNN (74.3%), CNN-PCA-SVM (72.5%), Hybrid-CNN (84.42%), and human recognition accuracy of 73% on the TU-Berlin dataset., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2023 Ali et al.)
Published: 2023
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28. Reviewing the Prospective Pharmacological Potential of Isothiocyanates in Fight against Female-Specific Cancers.

Author: Shoaib S, Khan FB, Alsharif MA, Malik MS, Ahmed SA, Jamous YF, Uddin S, Tan CS, Ardianto C, Tufail S, Ming LC, Yusuf N, and Islam N
Abstract: Gynecological cancers are the most commonly diagnosed malignancies in females worldwide. Despite the advancement of diagnostic tools as well as the availability of various therapeutic interventions, the incidence and mortality of female-specific cancers is still a life-threatening issue, prevailing as one of the major health problems worldwide. Lately, alternative medicines have garnered immense attention as a therapeutic intervention against various types of cancers, seemingly because of their safety profiles and enhanced effectiveness. Isothiocyanates (ITCs), specifically sulforaphane, benzyl isothiocyanate, and phenethyl isothiocyanate, have shown an intriguing potential to actively contribute to cancer cell growth inhibition, apoptosis induction, epigenetic alterations, and modulation of autophagy and cancer stem cells in female-specific cancers. Additionally, it has been shown that ITCs plausibly enhance the chemo-sensitization of many chemotherapeutic drugs. To this end, evidence has shown enhanced efficacy in combinatorial regimens with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs and/or other phytochemicals. Reckoning with these, herein, we discuss the advances in the knowledge regarding the aspects highlighting the molecular intricacies of ITCs in female-specific cancers. In addition, we have also argued regarding the potential of ITCs either as solitary treatment or in a combinatorial therapeutic regimen for the prevention and/or treatment of female-specific cancers. Hopefully, this review will open new horizons for consideration of ITCs in therapeutic interventions that would undoubtedly improve the prognosis of the female-specific cancer clientele. Considering all these, it is reasonable to state that a better understanding of these molecular intricacies will plausibly provide a facile opportunity for treating these female-specific cancers.
Published: 2023
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29. Impact, Vulnerabilities, and Mitigation Strategies for Cyber-Secure Critical Infrastructure.

Author: Riggs H, Tufail S, Parvez I, Tariq M, Khan MA, Amir A, Vuda KV, and Sarwat AI
Abstract: Several critical infrastructures are integrating information technology into their operations, and as a result, the cyber attack surface extends over a broad range of these infrastructures. Cyber attacks have been a serious problem for industries since the early 2000s, causing significant interruptions to their ability to produce goods or offer services to their clients. The thriving cybercrime economy encompasses money laundering, black markets, and attacks on cyber-physical systems that result in service disruptions. Furthermore, extensive data breaches have compromised the personally identifiable information of millions of people. This paper aims to summarize some of the major cyber attacks that have occurred in the past 20 years against critical infrastructures. These data are gathered in order to analyze the types of cyber attacks, their consequences, vulnerabilities, as well as the victims and attackers. Cybersecurity standards and tools are tabulated in this paper in order to address this issue. This paper also provides an estimate of the number of major cyber attacks that will occur on critical infrastructure in the future. This estimate predicts a significant increase in such incidents worldwide over the next five years. Based on the study's findings, it is estimated that over the next 5 years, 1100 major cyber attacks will occur on critical infrastructures worldwide, each causing more than USD 1 million in damages.
Published: 2023
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30. Highly soluble and stable 'insertion domain' of the capsid penton base protein provides complete protection against infections caused by fowl adenoviruses.

Author: Tufail S, Shah MA, Asif TA, Ullah R, Shehzad A, Ismat F, Shah MS, Habib M, Calisto BM, Mirza O, Iqbal M, and Rahman M
Subjects: Animals, Capsid Proteins, Chickens, Capsid, Adenoviridae genetics, Vaccines, Subunit, Serogroup, Adenoviridae Infections prevention & control, Adenoviridae Infections veterinary, Poultry Diseases, Aviadenovirus genetics
Abstract: In the current study, we have evaluated the protective efficacy of the 'insertion domain' which is commonly found in the capsid penton base protein of many adenoviruses. Using the 'insertion domain' of the penton base protein of a representative fowl adenovirus, fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), we find that the 'insertion domain' can readily be expressed in a soluble form in the bacterial system, and can be purified in sufficient quantities through simple chromatographic methods. We demonstrate that the 'insertion domain', when employed as a subunit vaccine candidate, provides complete protection against hydropericardium syndrome, caused by FAdV-4, in chickens. The data presented here indicate that the protein, adjuvanted with Montanide™ ISA71 VG, provides complete protection in chickens against a lethal FAdV-4 challenge after administration of two doses (100 μg of the protein per dose) two weeks apart (the first dose at the 7th day of life and a booster dose at the age of 21 days). Furthermore, the purified protein can be stored at low temperatures without any observable loss in the protein integrity up to one year, tested so far. Due to the conserved nature of the 'insertion domain' across the penton base protein of fowl adenoviruses, it is suggested that homologous insertion domains could be employed as highly stable and cost-effective subunit vaccine candidates against infections caused by respective fowl adenoviruses., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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31. The blame game- experiences of female residents in obstetrics & gynecology regarding lapses in patient safety.

Author: Tufail S, Mustafa N, Kamran R, and Khan JS
Abstract: Objectives: Primary objective was to explore experiences of female residents of Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN) regarding lapses in patient safety (PS) while secondary objective was to explore factors hampering or favouring improvement of PS in OB/GYN., Methods: In this qualitative narrative study carried out in OB/GYN department of Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Lahore for six months from 1 st April to 30 th September 2021, six fourth-year residents were asked to write narratives of their personal experiences of medical error (witnessed or committed) in detail and reflect on those experiences, which were then transcribed. Code labels and themes were assigned manually. Interpretation of these themes was done after thematic content analysis., Results: Six, fourth-year female residents with a mean age of 28.6±1.8 participated in the study. Two main themes with sub-themes were identified: 1) Challenges in patient safety (Personal challenges, Workplace challenges, Barriers to PS), 2) Lessons learnt from experiences (Self-improvement and; Promotion of patient safety culture). Heavy workload with long working hours, lack of communication and teamwork, lack of experience and inadequate supervision were major factors involved in PS lapses experienced by residents., Conclusion: Incidents of Patient Safety (PS) lapses had a strong impact on the emotional and professional life of residents. Formal PS training with improvement of working conditions may help promote PS culture., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: None., (Copyright: © Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences.)
Published: 2022
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32. Patient Safety Awareness Among Dental Students In Lahore, Pakistan: A Multi-Centre Studye.

Author: Tufail S, Baqai S, Mustafa N, Kamran R, Tirmazi SM, and Ahmed A
Subjects: Humans, Female, Young Adult, Adult, Students, Dental, Cross-Sectional Studies, Pakistan, Curriculum, Surveys and Questionnaires, Patient Safety, Students, Medical
Abstract: Background: Awareness of key issues associated with patient safety is vital for improving patient care in all fields of medical sciences including dentistry. This study was done to assess awareness among dental undergraduates towards patient safety in different dental institutions of Lahore, Pakistan., Methods: It was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted at Combined Military Hospital Lahore Medical College & Institute of Dentistry from 1st May to 30th November, 2020. Two hundred third and fourth year BDS students (149 females and 51males; mean age 21.91±1.08) of 4 dental institutions of Lahore, mostly from private institutions (79.5%) completed Awareness of Patient Safety Questionnaire (APSQIII) to assess awareness of patient safety in dental undergraduates. Data was analyzed through SPSS 21., Results: Teaching and learning about patient safety got the highest item scores while "Team functioning" got the highest 6.1 mean domain score. "Professional incompetence as an error cause" got the lowest 3.1 mean score followed by "Disclosure responsibility" (4.3). No significant difference was seen with respect to gender. Fourth year students were found to be more aware about error disclosure and error reporting confidence with statistically significant difference. All reverse coded items were scored in disagreed range by participants., Conclusions: Despite positive attitudes towards patient safety, lack of awareness was seen in key issues. Incorporation of patient safety in undergraduate curriculum may help in improving patient care and health services.
Published: 2022
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33. Population dynamics of pelagic rotifers in Marala Headworks (Pakistan).

Author: Tufail S, Liaqat I, Saleem S, Bibi A, Mubin M, and Nisar B
Subjects: Animals, Oxygen, Pakistan, Population Dynamics, Water, Rotifera
Abstract: Research work was designed to investigate the density and diversity of pelagic rotifers in a Lake near Marala Headworks. The physico-chemical parameters of water such as pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, electrical conductivity, transparency and turbidity were evaluated. Correlation between rotifers and these parameters was also studied. Plankton sampling was done on monthly basis in order to check the population density of rotifers. In total, 18 species of rotifers were identified which belonged to 11 genera. The highest number of rotifers and their diversity was shown by genera namely Brachionus, Keratella, and Filinia. The Brachionus calyciflorus was dominant species in all the samples with mean population density (41%). Analysis of variance of physico-chemical parameters presented that the air and water temperature, electrical conductivity, transparency, dissolved oxygen and oxygen saturation were statistically significant in all the months. While pH was statistically non-significant (p≥0.05. Pearson correlation showed that oxygen and transparency were negatively correlated with rotifers density and diversity. Air and water temperature, concentration of hydrogen ions (pH), electrical conductivity and salinity showed positive relationship with density and diversity of rotifers.
Published: 2022
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34. Effect of phytic acid and morphology on Fe (oxyhydr)oxide transport under saturated flow condition.

Author: Zhao K, Tufail S, Arai Y, Sharma P, Zhang Q, Chen Y, Wang X, and Shang J
Subjects: Adsorption, Ferric Compounds, Iron, Minerals, Phosphorus, Oxides, Phytic Acid
Abstract: Phytic acid (myo-inositol hexaphosphate, IHP) is a dominant form of organic phosphate (OP) in organic carbon-rich surface soil. The IHP impact on Fe (oxyhydr)oxide transport is critical for iron and phosphorus (bio)geochemical processes in iron and phosphorus rich soil and subsurface systems. Three typical Fe (oxyhydr)oxides (ferrihydrite, hematite, and goethite) were studied in this research. The effects of IHP and morphology on Fe (oxyhydr)oxide transport and IHP cotransport had been investigated using saturated sand columns. The results showed that IHP significantly enhanced the mobility of Fe (oxyhydr)oxide by 30-90% due to the stronger electrostatic repulsion. At low IHP concentration (< 50 µM IHP), the rod-like goethite and goethite-facilitated IHP showed high mobility due to their orientation and motion along the water flow, which is 70% faster than ferrihydrite and hematite at pH 5 and 90% faster at pH 10. The mobility of amorphous ferrihydrite was slowest among three selected iron oxides (< 37% at pH 5 and < 72% at pH 10). At high IHP concentration (> 50 μM IHP), the surface precipitation might have occurred on ferrihydrite because of its poorly ordered crystallinity, contributing to its less negatively charged surface and weak transport. The new insight provided in this study is essential for evaluating the fate and transport behavior of iron and iron-facilitate OP in soil rich in iron and OP., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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35. Expression, purification and characterization of human proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter 1 hPEPT1.

Author: Rafiq M, Ernst HA, Aduri NG, Prabhala BK, Tufail S, Rahman M, Bloch MB, Mirza N, Taylor NMI, Boesen T, Gajhede M, and Mirza O
Subjects: Hot Temperature, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Protein Stability, Recombinant Proteins biosynthesis, Recombinant Proteins chemistry, Recombinant Proteins genetics, Recombinant Proteins isolation & purification, Gene Expression, Peptide Transporter 1 biosynthesis, Peptide Transporter 1 chemistry, Peptide Transporter 1 genetics, Peptide Transporter 1 isolation & purification
Abstract: The human peptide transporter hPEPT1 (SLC15A1) is responsible for uptake of dietary di- and tripeptides and a number of drugs from the small intestine by utilizing the proton electrochemical gradient, and hence an important target for peptide-like drug design and drug delivery. hPEPT1 belongs to the ubiquitous major facilitator superfamily that all contain a 12TM core structure, with global conformational changes occurring during the transport cycle. Several bacterial homologues of these transporters have been characterized, providing valuable insight into the transport mechanism of this family. Here we report the overexpression and purification of recombinant hPEPT1 in a detergent-solubilized state. Thermostability profiling of hPEPT1 at different pH values revealed that hPEPT1 is more stable at pH 6 as compared to pH 7 and 8. Micro-scale thermophoresis (MST) confirmed that the purified hPEPT1 was able to bind di- and tripeptides respectively. To assess the in-solution oligomeric state of hPEPT1, negative stain electron microscopy was performed, demonstrating a predominantly monomeric state., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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36. Simvastatin Nanoparticles Loaded Polymeric Film as a Potential Strategy for Diabetic Wound Healing: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation.

Author: Tufail S, Siddique MI, Sarfraz M, Sohail MF, Shahid MN, Omer MO, Katas H, and Rasool F
Subjects: Animals, Polymers, Rats, Simvastatin pharmacology, Wound Healing, Chitosan, Diabetes Mellitus, Nanoparticles
Abstract: Introduction: The pleiotropic effects of statins are recently explored for wound healing through angiogenesis and lymph-angiogenesis that could be of great importance in diabetic wounds., Aims: The aim of the present study is to fabricate nanofilm embedded with simvastatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CS-SIM-NPs) and to explore the efficacy of SIM in diabetic wound healing., Methods: The NPs, prepared via ionic gelation, were 173 nm ± 2.645 in size with a zeta potential of -0.299 ± 0.009 and PDI 0.051 ± 0.088 with excellent encapsulation efficiency (99.97%). The optimized formulation (CS: TPP, 1:1) that exhibited the highest drug release (91.64%) was incorporated into the polymeric nanofilm (HPMC, Sodium alginate, PVA), followed by in vitro characterization. The optimized nanofilm was applied to the wound created on the back of diabetes-induced (with alloxan injection 120 mg/kg) albino rats., Results: The results showed a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in the wound healing process compared to the diabetes-induced non-treated group. The results highlighted the importance of nanofilms loaded with SIM-NPs in diabetic wound healing through angiogenesis promotion at the wound site., Conclusion: Thus, CS-SIM-NPs loaded polymeric nanofilms could be an emerging diabetic wound healing agent in the industry of nanomedicines., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)
Published: 2022
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37. Bacillus licheniformis (MN900686) Mediated Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Potential of Silver Nanoparticles.

Author: Tufail S, Liaqat I, Ali S, Ulfat M, Shafi A, Sadiqa A, Iqbal R, and Ahsan F
Subjects: Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacteria, Humans, Silver chemistry, Silver pharmacology, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Bacillus licheniformis, Metal Nanoparticles chemistry
Abstract: The use of bacteria in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) emerges as an ecofriendly and exciting approach. In the present study, we reported the biosynthesis of AgNPs by using culture supernatant of the bacteria Bacillus licheniformis (MN900686). The biogenically synthesized AgNPs were confirmed by the change in the color of the culture filtrate from yellow to brown after the addition of AgNO 3 . Further characterization performed by means of UV vis-spectroscopy showed absorption peak at 414 nm which confirmed the formation of AgNPs. Fourier Transfer infrared (FTIR) confirmed the involvement of biological molecules in the formation of nanoparticles (NPs). The SEM revealed that the NPs have approximately 38 nm size. The agar well diffusion assay was used to determine antibacterial activity while tube dilution method was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The human pathogenic bacterial strains i.e., P. aeruginosa (MN900691) and B. subtilis (MN900684), were used as test strains. The anti-bacterial assay against test strains revealed that these NPs showed concentration dependent increased zone of inhibition (ZOI). The maximum ZOI at 25 µL of AgNPs was 20 mm against B. subtilis after 24 hours of incubation. One-way ANOVA test showed significant ZOI (p ≤ 0.05) against B. subtilis. The MIC was ranged from 4.3-6.6 μg/mL while MBC ranged from 8.3 to 6.6 μg/mL. Overall, this study suggested that the biogenically synthesized NPs are an effective alternative source of antimicrobials against pathogenic bacteria.
Published: 2022
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38. Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Induces Apoptosis Through ROS Generation and Caspase-3 Activation in Cervical Cancer Cells.

Author: Shoaib S, Tufail S, Sherwani MA, Yusuf N, and Islam N
Abstract: The latest research shows that current chemotherapeutics are ineffective because of the development of resistance in cervical cancer cells, and hence, their scope of use is limited. The main concern of researchers at the moment is the discovery of safe and effective antiproliferative plant chemicals that can aid in the battle against cervical cancer. Previous studies have shown the possible anticancer potential of phenethyl isothiocyanate obtained from cruciferous plants for many cancers, which targets various signaling pathways to exercise chemopreventive and therapeutic effects. This provides the basis for studying phenethyl isothiocyanate's therapeutic potential against cervical cancer. In the present study, cervical cancer cells were treated with various doses of phenethyl isothiocyanate, alone and in combination with cisplatin. Phenethyl isothiocyanate alone was sufficient to cause nucleus condensation and fragmentation and induce apoptosis in cervical cancer cells, but evident synergistic effects were observed in combination with cisplatin. In addition, phenethyl isothiocyanate treatment increased the production of intracellular ROS in a dose-dependent manner in cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, investigation of phenethyl isothiocyanate induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, and activation of caspases showed that phenethyl isothiocyanate significantly activated caspase-3., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The reviewer FA declared a shared affiliation with several of the authors (MS and NY) to the handling editor at the time of the review., (Copyright © 2021 Shoaib, Tufail, Sherwani, Yusuf and Islam.)
Published: 2021
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39. Perceptions Of Medical Students About The Educational Environment At The Start And End Of Obstetrics And Gynaecology Rotation And Its Impact On Career Choice.

Author: Tufail S, Baqai S, Aslam P, Mustafa N, Nawaz Q, and Bashir A
Subjects: Adult, Career Choice, Female, Humans, Male, Perception, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Education, Medical, Undergraduate, Gynecology, Obstetrics, Students, Medical
Abstract: Background: The educational environment can influence students' learning and their attitudes towards various medical specialties, thus affecting their career choices. This study aimed to compare perceptions of medical students about educational environment at the start and end of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (O&G) rotation and to assess if these perceptions influenced their career choices., Methods: This was a Comparative analytical study carried out in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Combined Military Hospital Lahore Medical College from 1st February to 30th July 2019. Eighty-eight final year MBBS students (60 females and 28 males; average age 22±1.2 years) completed validated Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire at the start and end of three weeks of O&G clinical rotation. Two questions were added post rotation to assess impact of their perceptions on career choice. Data was analysed through SPSS version 21 using independent sample t-test., Results: Mean total DREEM score was 126.68±14.17 and 127.49±15.31 out of a maximum of 200 pre and post rotation (p-value 0.001). The sub-scale which improved significantly (p-value 0.010) was Perception of Environment with average scores of 27.88±4.63 and 28.25±4.64 pre and post rotation. Majority of female students (78.7%) felt motivated for choosing O&G as a career after this rotation., Conclusion: Final-year medical students perceived the learning environment to be positive. Clinical rotation helped in improving their perception about O&G learning environment and helped female students get more inclined to choose this specialty as a career.
Published: 2021

40. Identification of potent epitopes on hexon capsid protein and their evaluation as vaccine candidates against infections caused by members of Adenoviridae family.

Author: Tufail S, Shah MA, Zafar M, Asif TA, Shehzad A, Shah MS, Habib M, Saleemi MK, Muddassar M, Mirza O, Iqbal M, and Rahman M
Subjects: Adenoviridae genetics, Animals, Capsid Proteins genetics, Chickens, Epitopes, Adenoviridae Infections prevention & control, Adenoviridae Infections veterinary, Adenovirus Vaccines, Poultry Diseases prevention & control
Abstract: Adenoviruses cause economically important diseases in vertebrates. Effective vaccines against adenoviral diseases are currently lacking. Here, we report a highly conserved epitopic region on hexon proteins of adenoviruses that generate a strong immune response when used as a virus-like-particle (VLP) vaccine, produced by inserting the epitopic region into the core protein of hepatitis B virus. For evaluation of its protective efficacy, the epitopic region from a representative adenovirus, fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), was tested as a VLP vaccine which conferred 90% protection against challenge with a virulent FAdV-4 isolate in chickens. Importantly, such a high level of protection is not achieved when the epitopic region is employed as a part of a subunit vaccine. As the sequence and the structure of the epitopic region are highly conserved in hexon proteins of adenoviruses, the epitopic region could be employed as a promising VLP vaccine candidate against adenoviral diseases, in general., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2021
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41. Prediction of myopia onset with refractive error measured using non-cycloplegic subjective refraction: the WEPrOM Study.

Author: Wong YL, Yuan Y, Su B, Tufail S, Ding Y, Ye Y, Paille D, Drobe B, Chen H, and Bao J
Abstract: Background/aims: To evaluate the predictive performance of various predictors, including non-cycloplegic refractive error, for risk of myopia onset under pragmatic settings., Methods: The Wenzhou Medical University Essilor Progression and Onset of Myopia Study is a prospective cohort study of schoolchildren aged 6-10 years from two elementary schools in Wenzhou, China. Non-cycloplegic refraction, ocular biometry and accommodation measurements were performed. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent (SE) ≤-0.5 diopter (D). ORs using multivariable logistic regression were determined. Area under the curve (AUC) evaluation for predictors was performed., Results: Schoolchildren who attended both baseline and 2-year follow-up were analysed (N=1022). Of 830 non-myopic children at baseline, the 2-year incidence of myopia was 27.6% (95% CI, 24.2% to 31.3%). Female gender (OR=2.2), more advanced study grades (OR=1.5), less hyperopic SE (OR=11.5 per D), longer axial length (AL; OR=2.3 per mm), worse presenting visual acuity (OR=2.3 per decimal), longer near work time (OR=1.1 per hour/day) and lower magnitude of positive relative accommodation (PRA; OR=1.4 per D) were associated with myopia onset. PRA (AUC=0.66), SE (AUC=0.64) and AL (AUC=0.62) had the highest AUC values. The combination of age, gender, parental myopia, SE, AL and PRA achieved an AUC of 0.74., Conclusion: Approximately one in four schoolchildren had myopia onset over a 2-year period. The predictors of myopia onset include lower magnitude of PRA, less hyperopic SE, longer AL and female gender. Of these, non-cycloplegic SE and PRA were the top single predictors, which can facilitate risk profiling for myopia onset., Competing Interests: Competing interests: YLW, ST, DP and BD are employees of Essilor International, Singapore., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
Published: 2021
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42. Recent Nano-based Therapeutic Intervention of Bioactive Sesquiterpenes: Prospects in Cancer Therapeutics.

Author: Ansari MA, Badrealam KF, Alam A, Tufail S, Khalique G, Equbal MJ, Alzohairy MA, Almatroudi A, Alomary MN, and Pottoo FH
Subjects: Humans, Nanomedicine, Prospective Studies, Neoplasms drug therapy, Oils, Volatile pharmacology, Sesquiterpenes pharmacology
Abstract: In the recent scenario, nanotechnology-based therapeutics intervention has gained tremendous impetus all across the globe. Nano-based pharmacological intervention of various bioactive compounds has been explored on an increasing scale. Sesquiterpenes are major constituents of essential oils (EOs) present in various plant species which possess intriguing therapeutic potentials. However, owing to their poor physicochemical properties; they have pharmacological limitations. Recent advances in nano-based therapeutic interventions offer various avenues to improve their therapeutic applicability. Reckoning with these, the present review collates various nano-based therapeutic intervention of sesquiterpenes with prospective potential against various debilitating diseases especially cancer. In our viewpoint, considering the burgeoning advancement in the field of nanomedicine; in the near future, the clinical applicability of these nano-formulated sesquiterpenes can be foreseen with great enthusiasm., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)
Published: 2020
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43. In silico epitope prediction and immunogenic analysis for penton base epitope-focused vaccine against hydropericardium syndrome in chicken.

Author: Aziz F, Tufail S, Shah MA, Salahuddin Shah M, Habib M, Mirza O, Iqbal M, and Rahman M
Subjects: Adenoviridae Infections immunology, Adenoviridae Infections prevention & control, Adenovirus Vaccines administration & dosage, Adenovirus Vaccines genetics, Animals, Aviadenovirus genetics, Capsid Proteins genetics, Chickens immunology, Computer Simulation, Epitope Mapping methods, Epitopes genetics, Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte immunology, Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte immunology, Models, Molecular, Pericardium virology, Poultry Diseases immunology, Poultry Diseases prevention & control, Serogroup, Syndrome, Vaccines, Synthetic administration & dosage, Vaccines, Synthetic genetics, Vaccines, Synthetic immunology, Adenoviridae Infections veterinary, Adenovirus Vaccines immunology, Aviadenovirus immunology, Capsid Proteins immunology, Epitopes immunology, Pericardium pathology, Poultry Diseases virology
Abstract: Certain strains of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) of the family Adenoviridae are recognized to be the causative agents of Hydropericardium Syndrome (HPS) in broiler chicken. Despite the significantly spiking mortality in broilers due to HPS, not much effort has been made to design an effective vaccine against FAdV-4. The combination of immuno- and bioinformatics tools for immunogenic epitope prediction is the most recent concept of vaccine design. It reduces the time and effort required for hunting a potent vaccine candidate and is economical. Previously, we have reported the penton base protein of FAdV-4 to be a candidate for subunit vaccine against HPS. In the present study, we have computationally pre-screened promising B- and T-cell epitopes of the penton base. Multiple methods were employed for linear B-cell epitope identification; BepiPred and five other methods based on physicochemical properties of the amino acids. The penton base was homology modeled by means of Modeller 9.17 and after refinement of the model (by GalaxyRefine web server) ElliPro web tool was used to predict the discontinuous epitopes. NetMHCcons 1.1 and NetMHCIIpan 3.1 servers were used for the likelihood of peptide binding to Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I & II molecules respectively for T-cell epitope forecast. As a result, we identified the peptide stretch of 1-225  as the most promiscuous B- and T-cell epitope region in penton base Full Length (FL) protein sequence. Escherichia coli based expression vectors were generated containing cloned peptide stretch 1-225 (penton base 1-225 ) and penton base FL gene sequence. The recombinant penton base 1-225 and penton base FL proteins were expressed and purified using Escherichia coli-based expression system. Purification yield of penton base 1-225 was 3-fold higher compared to penton base FL. These proteins were injected in chickens to determine their competence in protection against HPS. The results showed equal protection level of the two proteins and the commercial inactivated vaccine against FAdV-4 infection. The results suggest the peptide stretch 1-225 of penton base as a valuable candidate for developing an epitope-driven vaccine to combat HPS., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2019
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44. Towards fast and cost-effective up-scaling of Nano-encapsulations by Ionic-gelation method using model drug for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.

Author: Siddique MI, Tufail S, Ker ZH, Khan TM, Rasool F, Sohail MF, and Shahid N
Subjects: Cost-Benefit Analysis, Drug Liberation, Gels, Humans, Hydrocortisone administration & dosage, Particle Size, Chitosan chemistry, Dermatitis, Atopic drug therapy, Drug Delivery Systems, Hydrocortisone chemistry, Nanoparticles chemistry
Abstract: Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) have proven their excellent drug delivery potential through various routes of administration and therefore, the need for large scale production of CSNPs for the commercialization is paramount. Their particle size and surface charge, drug loading capacity, and morphology were characterized in this study. Finally, drug release studies of both continuous and scalable modes were undertaken to ascertain suitability of CSNPs as a carrier for HC. The particle size of the large and small scale of HC-CSNPs was 253.3±16.4 nm and 225.4 ±9.6 nm, respectively. Besides, the surface charge of the large and small scale of HC-CSNPs was +35.3±0.3 mV and +32.6±2.5 mV, respectively. The size and surface charge of both HC-CSNPs were not proven to be statistically different. Drug loading capacity of large and small scale production of HC-CSNPs was high with 89%, and 83% of HC was loaded into CSNPs, respectively. Moreover, the morphology of both large and small scale production of HC-CSNPs had a similar shape and particle size. The drug release profile of CSNPs prepared by both methods showed a significantly (p<0.05) higher percentage release as compared to the free form. It is expected that positively charged nano-sized HC-CSNPs with high drug loading capacity could enhance the efficiency of drug delivery system to carry and diffuse into the target cells. The results obtained also suggested that the modified method applied could be further developed for large scale production of HC-CSNPs.
Published: 2019

45. Ovalbumin self-assembles into amyloid nanosheets that elicit immune responses and facilitate sustained drug release.

Author: Tufail S, Sherwani MA, Shoaib S, Azmi S, Owais M, and Islam N
Subjects: Adjuvants, Immunologic administration & dosage, Adjuvants, Immunologic chemistry, Amyloid administration & dosage, Amyloid chemistry, Amyloid immunology, Animals, Antibody Formation, Delayed-Action Preparations administration & dosage, Delayed-Action Preparations chemistry, Drug Liberation, Female, Immunization, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Nanostructures administration & dosage, Nanostructures chemistry, Ovalbumin administration & dosage, Ovalbumin chemistry, Ovalbumin immunology, Protein Denaturation, Th2 Cells immunology, Adjuvants, Immunologic pharmacology, Amyloid pharmacology, Antibiotics, Antineoplastic administration & dosage, Delayed-Action Preparations pharmacology, Doxorubicin administration & dosage, Ovalbumin pharmacology
Abstract: Amyloids are associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, motivating investigations into their structure and function. Although not linked to a specific disease, albumins have been reported to form many structural aggregates. We were interested in investigating host immune responses to amyloid fibrils assembled from the model protein ovalbumin. Surprisingly, upon subjecting ovalbumin to standard denaturing conditions, we encountered giant protein nanosheets harboring amyloid-like features and hypothesized that these nanosheets might have potential in clinical or therapeutic applications. We found that the nanosheets, without the administration of any additional adjuvant, evoked a strong antibody response in mice that was higher than that observed for native ovalbumin. This suggests that amyloid nanosheets have a self-adjuvanting property. The nanosheet-induced immune response was helper T cell 2 (Th2) biased and negligibly inflammatory. While testing whether the nanosheets might form depots for the sustained release of precursor proteins, we did observe release of ovalbumin that mimicked the conformation of native protein. Moreover, the nanosheets could load the anticancer drug doxorubicin and release it in a slow and sustained manner. Taken together, our results suggest that amyloid nanosheets should be further investigated as either an antigen delivery vehicle or a multifunctional antigen and drug co-delivery system, with potential applications in simultaneous immunotherapy and chemotherapy., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest with the contents of this article., (© 2018 Tufail et al.)
Published: 2018
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46. The skin microbiome and immune system: Potential target for chemoprevention?

Author: Sherwani MA, Tufail S, Muzaffar AF, and Yusuf N
Subjects: Animals, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Humans, Prebiotics, Probiotics pharmacology, Skin Neoplasms immunology, Ultraviolet Rays, Virus Diseases complications, Vitamin D analogs & derivatives, Vitamin D metabolism, Microbiota radiation effects, Skin immunology, Skin microbiology, Skin Neoplasms microbiology, Skin Neoplasms prevention & control
Abstract: There has been increasing interest in understanding the role of the human microbiome in skin diseases. Microbiome studies are being utilized in skin cancer research in numerous ways. Commensal bacteria are being studied as a potential tool to judge the biggest environmental risk of skin cancer, ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Owing to the recognized link of skin microbes in the process of inflammation, there have been theories linking commensal bacteria to skin cancer. Viral metagenomics has also provided insight into virus linked forms of skin cancers. Speculations can be drawn for skin microbiome that in a manner similar to gut microbiome, they can be involved in chemoprevention of skin cancer. Nonetheless, there are definitely huge gaps in our knowledge of the relationship of microbiome and skin cancers, especially in relation to chemoprevention. The utilization of microbiome in skin cancer research seems to be a promising field and may help yield novel skin cancer prevention and treatment options. This review focuses on recent utilization of the microbiome in skin cancer research, and it explores the potential of utilizing the microbiome in prevention, earlier diagnosis, and treatment of skin cancers., (© 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2018
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47. Variation analysis of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates production using saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Author: Tufail S, Munir S, and Jamil N
Subjects: Biotransformation, Gasoline analysis, Plant Oils chemistry, Plant Oils metabolism, Waste Products analysis, Bacillus cereus metabolism, Hydrocarbons metabolism, Polyhydroxyalkanoates biosynthesis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa metabolism
Abstract: Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are efficient, renewable and environment friendly polymeric esters. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of microbes under stress conditions. This study was carried out to check the suitability of waste frying oil in comparison to other oils for economical bioplastic production. Six bacterial strains were isolated and identified as Bacillus cereus (KF270349), Klebsiella pneumoniae (KF270350), Bacillus subtilis (KF270351), Brevibacterium halotolerance (KF270352), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (KF270353), and Stenotrophomonas rhizoposid (KF270354) by ribotyping. All strains were PHA producers so were selected for PHA synthesis using four different carbon sources, i.e., waste frying oil, canola oil, diesel and glucose. Extraction of PHA was carried out using sodium hypochlorite method and maximum amount was detected after 72h in all cases. P. aeruginosa led to maximum PHA production after 72h at 37°C and 100rpm using waste frying oil that was 53.2% PHA in comparison with glucose 37.8% and cooking oil 34.4%. B. cereus produced 40% PHA using glucose as carbon source which was high when compared against other strains. A significantly lesser amount of PHA was recorded with diesel as a carbon source for all strains. Sharp Infrared peaks around 1740-1750cm -1 were present in Fourier Transform Infrared spectra that correspond to exact position for PHA. The use of waste oils and production of poly-3hydroxybutyrate-co-3hydroxyvalerate (3HB-co-3HV) by strains used in this study is a good aspect to consider for future prospects as this type of polymer has better properties as compared to PHBs., (Copyright © 2017 Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2017
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48. Correction: Activity of the Human Rhinovirus 3C Protease Studied in Various Buffers, Additives and Detergents Solutions for Recombinant Protein Production.

Author: Ullah R, Shah MA, Tufail S, Ismat F, Imran M, Iqbal M, Mirza O, and Rahman M
Abstract: [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153436.].
Published: 2016
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49. Activity of the Human Rhinovirus 3C Protease Studied in Various Buffers, Additives and Detergents Solutions for Recombinant Protein Production.

Author: Ullah R, Shah MA, Tufail S, Ismat F, Imran M, Iqbal M, Mirza O, and Rhaman M
Subjects: 3C Viral Proteases, Buffers, Humans, Kinetics, Solubility, Substrate Specificity, Cysteine Endopeptidases metabolism, Detergents metabolism, Recombinant Fusion Proteins metabolism, Rhinovirus metabolism, Solutions metabolism, Viral Proteins metabolism
Abstract: Proteases are widely used to remove affinity and solubility tags from recombinant proteins to avoid potential interference of these tags with the structure and function of the fusion partner. In recent years, great interest has been seen in use of the human rhinovirus 3C protease owing to its stringent sequence specificity and enhanced activity. Like other proteases, activity of the human rhinovirus 3C protease can be affected in part by the buffer components and additives that are generally employed for purification and stabilization of proteins, hence, necessitate their removal by tedious and time-consuming procedures before proteolysis can occur. To address this issue, we examined the effect of elution buffers used for common affinity based purifications, salt ions, stability/solubility and reducing agents, and detergents on the activity of the human rhinovirus 3C protease using three different fusion proteins at 4°C, a temperature of choice for purification of many proteins. The results show that the human rhinovirus 3C protease performs better at 4°C than the frequently used tobacco etch virus protease and its activity was insensitive to most of the experimental conditions tested. Though number of fusion proteins tested is limited, we expect that these finding will facilitate the use of the human rhinovirus 3C protease in recombinant protein production for pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications.
Published: 2016
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50. Gold Nanoparticle-Photosensitizer Conjugate Based Photodynamic Inactivation of Biofilm Producing Cells: Potential for Treatment of C. albicans Infection in BALB/c Mice.

Author: Sherwani MA, Tufail S, Khan AA, and Owais M
Subjects: Animals, Female, Methylene Blue pharmacology, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Photochemotherapy methods, Tolonium Chloride pharmacology, Biofilms drug effects, Candida albicans drug effects, Gold pharmacology, Metal Nanoparticles administration & dosage, Photosensitizing Agents pharmacology
Abstract: Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been found to be effective in inhibiting biofilm producing organisms. We investigated the photodynamic effect of gold nanoparticle (GNP) conjugated photosensitizers against Candida albicans biofilm. We also examined the photodynamic efficacy of photosensitizer (PS) conjugated GNPs (GNP-PS) to treat skin and oral C. albicans infection in BALB/c mice., Methods: The biomimetically synthesized GNPs were conjugated to photosensitizers viz. methylene blue (MB) or toluidine blue O (TB). The conjugation of PSs with GNPs was characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The efficacy of gold nanoparticle conjugates against C. albicans biofilm was demonstrated by XTT assay and microscopic studies. The therapeutic efficacy of the combination of the GNP conjugates against cutaneous C. albicans infection was examined in mouse model by enumerating residual fungal burden and histopathological studies., Results: The GNP-PS conjugate based PDT was found to effectively kill both C. albicans planktonic cells and biofilm populating hyphal forms. The mixture of GNPs conjugated to two different PSs significantly depleted the hyphal C. albicans burden against superficial skin and oral C. albicans infection in mice., Conclusion: The GNP-PS conjugate combination exhibits synergism in photodynamic inactivation of C. albicans. The GNP conjugate based PDT can be employed effectively in treatment of cutaneous C. albicans infections in model animals. The antibiofilm potential of PDT therapy can also be exploited in depletion of C. albicans on medical appliances such as implants and catheters etc.
Published: 2015
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