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Temporo-mandibular disorders (TMDs) represent a major cause of non-dental pain in the orofacial region, the effects of which may be presumed to form at the site where the greatest forces are exerted, and host resistance is least. The signs and symptoms of TMDs which are observed in patients with psychiatric easy disease observed and measured by anthropometrical methods and correct with specific treatment. The literature reviewed in the present work revealed that suggests a complex relationship between psychological status and treatment outcome and TMDs signs and symptoms in different groups of individuals persists and the specificity and morphological dates also. Timely identification and the management of this condition may improve the comfort and psychic status of the patients, underlined also in our research.

Aim. The aim of study was to assess the root-filled teeth with periapical lesions by using Periapical and Endodontic Status Scale (PEES) index. Materials and method. The study group included 166 filled root canals (70 molars and premolars) in 42 patients (gender: 12 males, 32 females; mean age 35.90 ± 10.571 yrs.) treated in Clinical Base of Faculty of Dental Medicine, U.M.F. “Grigore T.Popa” Iasi. The evaluation of root canals and periapical areas was performed by using the two components of Periapical and Endodontic Status Scale (PEES) index, COPI and ETTI. Results. Distribution of COPI components in the study group was as follows: COPI D: 30,7% D1, 69,3% D3; COPI R: 27,1% R1, 70,5% R2, 2,4% R3; COPI S: S1 16,3%, S2 21,7%, S3 62%. Distribution of ETTI components in the study group was as follows: ETTI L: 42,2% L1, 43,4% L2, 5,4% L3, 5,4% L4, 3,6% L5; ETTI H: 36,7% H1, 63,3% H2; ETTI CS: 10,8% CS1, 89,2% CS2; ETTI CF: 3,6% CF1, 9% CF2, 5,4% CF3, 81,9% CF5. Conclusions. In endodontically treated teeth with apical periodontitis, PEES indices allowed to detect 62% of root canals with periapical lesions with diameter over 5 mm, while more than two thirds of teeth roots had periapical lesions extended in cortical bone (69,3%) affecting more than one root (70,2%). All teeth roots with apical radiolucency and non-treated root canals as well as roots with perforations or resorptions had apical lesions with diameter over 5 mm extended in cortical bone. The presence of apical radiolucency more than one root was associated to overfilling or root resorption.

Dysfunctional syndromes of the stomatognathic system are interconnected with various pathologies, including complex psychiatric conditions. In these intricate cases, an interdisciplinary approach that integrates both dentistry and psychiatry is crucial. Effective oral rehabilitation demands strategic treatment plans designed to enhance quality of life and achieve optimal results for patients with schizophrenia.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation in the size of periapical lesions in patients with ENT cancer before and after radiotherapy by using the imaging examination represented by CT. Materials and methods: our study included 35 cancer patients-34 men and one female, with ENT cancer, under treatment at the Regional Institute of Oncology, Iasi. They were examinated by four endodontist, two radiologists and an ENT doctor. We measured the size of the periapical lesions before and after radiotherapy. Results: We found the change in the dimensions of periapical lesions: their maximum overall size was initially 5.4591 ± 3.88509 mm; after radiotherapy the global maximum size reached 7.0000 ± 3.37510, reaching 14.00 mm. The observed difference was statistically significant, so it could be stated that radiotherapy accentuates the severity of periapical lesions systematically. Before radiotherapy, the most extensive periapical lesions were observed in the case of laryngeal neoplasm ( with an average of 6.6778 ± 4.17246 mm) and nasopharyngeal neoplasm ( with an average of 6.000 ± 2.82843 mm) and the lowest ones were found in the case of the neoplasm of the oropharynx (with an average of 4.0000 ± 3.74166 mm). After radiotherapy, we found an increase in the size of the periapical lesions in the case of all five types of neoplasm investigated. The most extensive lesions were observed in the case of the neoplasm of the oropharynx, with an average of 7.6000 ± 3.84708 mm, followed by the neoplasm of the larynx, with an average of 7.4000 ± 3.33999 and the neoplasm of the oral cavity, with an average of 7.4000 ± 4.33590 mm. Disscusions: In terms of expectancy and quality of life of patients can only be achieved through a multidisciplinary approach. As soon as the dentist diagnoses a pontetially malignant disorder in the ENT sphere, patients should undergo an ENT screening complete for detecting lesions in any area of the upper aerodigestive tract. After radiotherapy an increase in the size of the periapical lesions is observed. The ENT doctor must encourage the patients with ENT cancer to extract their teeth with periapical lesions before the implementation of radiotherapy to avoid the risk of postradiotherapy osteoradionecrosis. Conclusions: By using CT, the increase in the size of periapical lesions after radiotherapy is observed in patients with cancer in the ENT sphere.

The aim of this study is to investigate the possibilities of diagnosis and post-treatment monitoring of chronic periapical lesions. Materials and method. The cross-sectional study included 151 patients (gender: 52 males, 99 females; mean age 48.36 ± 15.708 yrs.) with 391 root-filled teeth (mean follow-up of 5.25 +/- 1.759 yrs.). Clinical examination and radiographic assessment of the root and its periapical area were performed to evaluate its status by PAI-CBCT score. Patients were included in the treatment within the Clinical Education Base “M. Kogălniceanu” of the Faculty of Dentistry, U.M.F. “Grigore T.Popa” Iaşi. CBCT images were obtained using PaX-Uni3D (TVAPANO04, VATECH). The dimensions of periapical lesions in coronal-apical, mesial-distal and buccal-oral sections were measured using the Ez3D 2009 Plus software application. CBCT parameters were set for 20 second exposure time, 85 kV, 5mA. The mean values ​​of the CBCT-PAI index were recorded. Results. Apical periodontitis was diagnosed in 181 endodontically treated teeth, corresponding to a 46,3% prevalence of periapical lesions. The distribution of CBCT-PAI indices was as follows: CBCT-PAI 3 40%, followed by CBCT-PAI 2 40%, CBCT-PAI 4 20%, and CBCT-PAI 5 20%. Conclusion. The most frequent CBCT-PAI score was 3 recorded in 40% of the root-filled teeth. CBCT examination and CBCT-PAI index are precise, reliable and reproducible tools in the evaluation of the post-treatment evolution of the chronic periapical lesions.

Dysfunctional syndrome of the stomatognathic system interferes with interferes with many pathologies among which in the present situation, with the characteristics of complex psychiatric pathology. There are cases with a high index of complexity that can be treated only by interdisciplinary approach dentistry-psychiatry. Complex oral rehabilitation imposes strategies and treatments to facilitate a good result in increasing the quality of life and the optimum result of patients with schizophrenia-type psychiatric elements.

Aim of study. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of periapical lesions in root-filled lateral teeth as well as the distribution of periapical lesions according to various factors that can influence the therapeutic outcome. Materials and method. The study group included 163 patients (gender: 58 males, 105 females; mean age 48.13 ± 14.708 yrs.) with at least 2-yrs. follow-up of 412 endodontically treated teeth. Following the radiographic assessment of the root and its periapical area, the root canal treatments were classified as adequate and poor, while the apical lesions was diagnosed on radiographic examen. The quality of coronal marginal sealing (poor, adequate) was assessed by radiographic examen. The distribution of apical lesion was assessed on socio-demographical parameters (gender, age groups), location (maxillary, mandibular), follow-up, quality of root canal filling, status of coronal marginal sealing, occlusal contacts, recurrent caries. Results. Periapical lesions prevalence in root-filled lateral teeth was as follows: gender (males- 47,3%; females- 50,2%); age groups (20-39 yrs.- 41,9%; 40-59 yrs.- 52,4%; ≥60 yrs.- 47,4%); follow-up (2-4 yrs.- 57,7%; 5-8 yrs.- 44,5%) (p=.010*); location (maxillary teeth- 46,1%; mandibular teeth- 54,5%). 58% of teeth with poor coronal marginal sealing, and 59% of teeth with poor root canal fillings were diagnosed with AP. Conclusions. Apical lesions were detected in 49.3% of the lateral root-filled teeth. Molars, poor root canals fillings, poor coronal marginal sealing, presence of recurrent caries were significantly associated with endodontic periapical lesions.

Aim of study. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of periapical lesions in root-filled lateral teeth as well as the distribution of periapical lesions according to various factors that can influence the therapeutic outcome. Materials and method. The study group included 50 patients (gender: 12 males, 38 females; mean age 51.48 ± 13.218). A total number of 150 anterior root-filled teeth were evaluated at 2-8 yrs. post-treatment. Following the radiographic assessment of the root and its periapical area, the root-canals fillings were classified as adequate and poor. The status of periapical area was assessed on periapical radiographic images. The quality of coronal marginal sealing was assessed as poor or adequate by clinical and radiographic examen. The distribution of apical periodontitis was assessed according to socio-demographical parameters (gender, age groups), location (maxillary, mandibular), follow-up, quality of root canal filling, status of coronal marginal sealing, recurrent caries. Results. The global prevalence of apical periodontitis was 50,7%. The prevalence of apical periodontitis in root-filled anterior teeth was as follows: gender (males- 37,5%; females- 54,2%); age groups (20-39 yrs.- 30%; 40-59 yrs.- 52,9%; ≥60 yrs.- 57,1%); location (maxillary teeth- 42,4%; mandibular teeth- 81,3%). The prevalence of apical periodontitis was 70% in teeth with poor coronal marginal sealing, and 61,4% in teeth with poor root canal fillings. Conclusions. Apical periodontitis was detected in half of the anterior root-filled teeth. The rate of apical periodontitis was significantly increased in maxillary anterior teeth, poor root canals fillings, poor coronal marginal sealing, and root-filled teeth with the presence of recurrent caries.

Hearing loss (HL) is the third most prevalent chronic health problem among older adults and is quite common in our study group research. Our study wants to illustrate the research on the connection between HL and depression as well as the therapeutic ramifications for diagnosing and treating comorbid like intraoral rehabilitation, HL, and mental disorders also.

The therapeutic management of cases with social anxiety in addition to young ages must have a well-developed protocol to achieve the subsequent acquisition of confidence and the possibility of continuity in a short period of time because it takes place over several sessions as well as adaptations during the checks as maintenance and reliability of the treatment plan.

Aim. The aim of study was to assess the quality of root canal fillings and occurrence of various categories of technical errors in patients with endodontically treated teeth. Materials and method. The study group included 158 patients (gender: 56 males, 102 females; mean age 50.44 ± 13.469 yrs.) with 400 endodontically treated teeth. The endodontic treatments were considered poor when one or more of the next technical errors were noted on the orthopantomography and/or periapical radiography: length (short filling; overfilling); poor density; inadequate preparation; inadequate conicity; untreated root canals. Results. Only 21,5% of the endodontically treated teeth had root canal fillings without any technical error. 78,5% of the endodontically treated teeth had at least 1 root canal with poor endodontic treatments. AP prevalence in teeth with adequate root canal fillings was 16,3%, while teeth with at least one poor root canal filling had AP prevalence of 56,4%. According to sociodemographic parameters the distribution of poor root canal fillings was as follows: gender (males- 69,1%; females- 82,7%; age groups: 20-39 yrs.- 76,2%; 40-59 yrs.- 76,9%; ≥ 60 yrs.- 86,5%). According to location, the distribution of poor root canal fillings was as follows: Mx/Md: Mx- 75%; Md- 84,2%); dental groups: frontal- 76,3%; premolars- 73,1%; molars- 83,2%). Most technical errors were non-homogenous root canal fillings (64,8%), poor conicity (64,5%), short filling (56%). Conclusions. Considering all categories of technical errors in root canal filling, 78,5% of endodontically treated teeth had inadequate endodontic filling in at least one root canal. Apical periodontitis was found in 56,4% of teeth with poor root canal filling. The most frequent technical errors in endodontically treated teeth were inadequate conicity, non-homogenous root canal fillings and underfilled root canals.

The aim of the study was to collect data about the prevalence and risk factors of apical periodontitis in a population of endodontically treated patients. The study group included 151 patients (52 males, 99 females; mean age 48.36 ± 15.708 yrs.) with 391 endodontically treated teeth (mean follow-up of 5.25 ± 1.759 yrs.). According to the initial tooth diagnosis, root-filled teeth were divided into Group A, root-filled teeth treated for pulpitis or for the purpose of prosthetic pulpectomies (vital pulp group), and Group B, root-filled teeth with non-vital pulp (necrotic pulp). Clinical and radiographic evaluation of the root and its periapical area were performed to establish the success/failure of endodontic therapy, the quality of the root canal fillings (length, density, taper), and coronal restoration. The presence of recurrent caries, periodontal pathology, or endo-periodontal lesions were also recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the risk factors for apical periodontitis and calculate their odds ratios (ORs). For the root-filled vital pulp tooth group, the highest risks for apical periodontitis are associated with inadequate homogeneity (OR 30.938), periodontitis (OR 9.226), and over-filling (OR 8.800). For the root-filled non-vital pulp tooth group, the highest risks are associated with periodontitis (OR 4.235) and age over 60 yrs. (OR 4.875). For the necrotic pulp tooth group, multivariate analysis identified an age > 60 yrs., filled molars, intracanal posts, poor coronal restoration quality, under-filling, and periodontitis as significant combined risk factors. Inadequate root canal filling and periodontitis in both groups were risk factors associated with most cases of apical periodontitis. Other risk factors include age > 60 yrs., poor coronal restoration quality, and the presence of intracanal posts in root-filled teeth with necrotic pulp.

Hearing loss (HL) is the third most prevalent chronic health problem among older adults and is quite common in our study group research. Aim of the study: This study wants to illustrate the research on the connection between HL and depression as well as the therapeutic ramifications for diagnosing and treating comorbid like intraoral rehabilitation, HL, and mental disorders also. Material and methods: The evaluated study sample was represented by 28 patients with HL, aged between 50 and 65 years old, from the Prosthodontic Clinic at „Mihail Kogalniceanu”, Iasi, whose presented for treatment of TMDs in association with prosthetic treatment. Results: Most patients were with minor Grade 1 so Grade 2 (moderate), hearing depreciation with audiogram exam that it is considered obvious but tolerable, interfering with daily activities, and patients actively seek therapy. Conclusions: The treatment of patients taken in study has demonstrated a recovery through complex oral rehabilitation that certainly requires time present dedication and interest, in favour of the final patient to obtain a homeostasis at the level of the stomatogenous system and adjacent to it.

The aim of study was to assess the periapical area and the distribution of CBCT-PAI indices in root-filled teeth with chronic periapical lesions. Materials and method. The cross-sectional study included 78 patients (gender: 24 males, 54 females; mean age 49.13 ± 14.596 yrs.) with 181 root-filled teeth diagnosed with apical periodontitis (AP) (mean follow-up of 5.49 ± 1.831 yrs.). Patients were selected from those treated in a private dental clinic. Clinical examination and CBCT assessment of the root and its periapical area were performed to evaluate the severity of apical periodontitis by PAI-CBCT scores. CBCT images were obtained using PaX-Uni3D (TVAPANO04, VATECH). The periapical lesions diameter was measured in coronal-apical, mesial-distal and buccal-oral sections using the Ez3D 2009 Plus software application. CBCT parameters were set for 20 second exposure time, 85 kV, 5mA. CBCT-PAI scores were assessed by statistical analysis within study group in relation to various parameters (sociodemographic, local factors, type and quality of coronal restoration and root-canal fillings). Failure of endodontic treatment was defined by CBCT-PAI scores 3-5. Results. The distribution of CBCT-PAI indices was as follows: 50,8% of teeth with CBCT-PAI 1-2, 19,3% of teeth with CBCT-PAI 3; 29,9% of teeth with CBCT-PAI 4-5. Failure of endodontic treatment (CBCT-PAI 3-5) was detected in 49,2% of the root-filled teeth. Highly significant statistical differences were found in the distribution of CBCT-PAI indices related to age groups, follow-up, dental-group, quality of coronal restoration, quality of endodontic treatment. Conclusions. CBCT-PAI scores 3-5 were detected in 49,2% of the root-filled teeth with sign of chronic periapical lesions. Highly significant statistical differences were found in the distribution of CBCT-PAI 3-5 indices related to age groups, follow-up, dental group, quality of coronal restoration and endodontic treatment. The use of CBCT-PAI scores allow accurate, reliable and reproducible evaluation of the success and failure of the endodontic treatment.

The current study intends to highlight the relationship and, at times, the influence between anxiety disorders and dental dysfunctional syndromes of stomatognathic system(SDSS) in young students from our institution : Basis Of The Dental Care Clinic ,,Mihail Kogalniceanu,, Iasi. These are involved in various stressful intellectual activities and have identified a complex health problem that needed to be solved in light of the constant stress that the present time offers, laying the foundations for a focused and direct approach that will increase the certainty of growth. the quality of life. Be the way, the types of young social cases will be able to be solved, and will gather an extent of the accessible tools and skills. We also rely on the acquisition of skills through the experience conferred in this study to offer optimal solutions in these clinical situations.

Dental anxiety and dysfunctional syndrome of the stomatognathic system are common in dental pathology. When the dysfunctional syndrome of the stomatognathic system interferes with the psychiatric pathology, there are cases with a high index of complexity that can be treated only by interdisciplinary approach dentistry-psychiatry. In this context, the long duration of dental treatment requires professionalism and good clinical management of the case. These complex cases, represents the major indication for the case management under anesthesia. In addition, the attitude of the dentist, his good communication with the patient as well as the staging of the treatment plan are important factors in prosthetic recovery, endodontic and periodontal treatments and are pillars of the complex oral rehabilitation of the case and of avoiding complications. In conclusion, case management under anesthesia/or special anesthesia remains a therapeutic solution of last resort in patients suffering from dysfunction syndrome of stomatognathic system in the context of dental anxiety or dental phobia and psychic affectation.

The aim of this study is to investigate the possibilities of diagnosis and post-treatment monitoring of chronic periapical lesions. Materials and method. Five cases of chronic periapical lesions in various stages of evolution located in the posterior dental group, were exposed and described. Patients were included in the treatment within the Clinical Education Base “M. Kogălniceanu” of the Faculty of Dentistry, U.M.F. “Grigore T.Popa” Iaşi. All patients were treated using mechanical and chemical treatment followed by application of Ca (OH) 2 paste for a period of 14 days. Root closure was performed by cold lateral condensation associated with Endoflas sealant (Sanlor, Columbia). Coronary restorations were performed with Ketac Molar glassionomer cement (3M / ESPE) and Filtek250 composite resin (3M / ESPE). CBCT images (pretreatment, 3 months posttreatment) were obtained using PaX-Uni3D (TVAPANO04, VATECH) and the dimensions of periapical lesions in coronal-apical, mesial-distal and buccal-oral sections were measured using the Ez3D 2009 Plus software application. CBCT parameters were set for 20 second exposure time, 85 kV, 5mA. The mean values ​​of the CBCT-PAI index pre-treatment and at 3 months post-treatment were recorded. Results. All investigated cases showed a reduction in CBCT-PAI indices at 3 months post-treatment following the healing processes of periapical pathology. Conclusion. CBCT examination and CBCT-PAI index are precise, reliable and reproducible tools in the evaluation of the post-treatment evolution of the chronic periapical lesions.

Introduction: Orofacial pain is a common occurrence in daily dental practice; it is frequently attributed to temporomandibular dysfunction, one of its major causes, followed by pathology of the salivary glands, without avoiding interference at the level of the pain pathways caused by complications of periodontal pathology. The main objective of this study is to identify an important cause of pain in the oral–maxillofacial territory by quantifying the changes at the salivary glandular level using stereological methods. The secondary objective of the present research is to identify the implications of periodontal changes as a consequence of salivary quantitative and qualitative changes, quantified using periodontal indices, on the balance of the temporomandibular joint, dysfunction of it being an important cause of facial pain and having a profound impact on the complex oral rehabilitation algorithm of each clinical case, a condition evaluated with the analysis of the results of the Souleroy questionnaire. Material and methods: In a retrospective study, we evaluated the clinical results obtained after applying complex rehabilitation treatment to 35 subjects, 20 women and 15 men with salivary and TMJ dysfunctions, selected between 2020 and 2021 from the Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Iasi. Results and discussion: The most common symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) that were identified through the Souleroy questionnaire were pain and different types of damage to the masticatory muscles. The most significant changes in elders are reported in the case of serous cells, which reduced their percentage volume from 46.7% to 37.4%. Conclusion: As regards stereological analysis in conjunction with histological images, there were significant changes in diameters, perimeters, and longitudinal axes in the adult patients as opposed to the elderly patients, which were also influenced by the type of pathology at this level. The scores recorded on the diagnostic Souleroy scale indicated a large number of patients with low efficiency and maximum stress levels: 20.0% in level 1, 25.7% in level 2, and 25.7% in level 3.

The aim of this case report was to assess the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy when associated with non-surgical endodontic treatment of large periapical cyst. Case report: A 52-years-old female patient complained of sharp pain in the upper maxillary anterior area of the mouth. The clinical exam showed for tooth 1.2. moderate dental dyschromia, slightly positive axial percussion and loss of hard bone substance of about 0,5 cm2. As well as negative response to thermal tests. The non-surgical endodontic treatment was associated to photodynamic therapy performed by diode laser 808nm following the irrigation with. Theroot canals were filled with Ca(OH)2 paste for 14 days. The paste was changed after 14 days, and the root canal photodynamic therapy was repeated. In the third session it was performed the definitive root canal filling and coronal-radicular reconstruction. Results: check-ups performed at 6 months, 12 months, 2 years and 5 years, demonstrated progressive healing of treated large periapical cyst, with total absence of signs or symptoms. Conclusion: the addition of photodynamic therapy to conventional endodontic treatment can increase the reduction of microbial load in the endodontic space and the long-term success rate in non-surgical treatment of large periapical cysts

In practice, there are clinical situations that make diagnosis difficult, particularly in case of endo-periodontal lesions with destructive effect at the furcal level. Sometimes these situations may lead to an incorrect therapeutic approach, the main objective in the treatment of endo-periodontal lesions being the stopping of the inflammatory process and the subsequent loss of the periodontal attachment. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of endodontic diseases on the periodontal tissues of furcal area and the rate of recovery in time after the treatment of radicular perforation which produced chronic injury, using reparative materials. Materials and method: The clinico-radiological study was carried out on a group of 24 molars with chronic furcal lesions. In both cases where the lesion was already present and where it was involuntarily performed, it was attempted to stimulate the restoration of the affected tissue by applying repairing biomaterials, seal the root canals and apply a coronal restoration. Results and Discussions: Based on the results of this study, MTA is required as an excellent material for perforation repair, and calcium hydroxide sealants have great advantages in regenerating periradicular bone tissue and the furcal area. Subsequent to endodontic therapy, in most cases, a prosthetic restoration of the treated tooth was made by applying a post and crown. Conclusions: In the case of the teeth included in this study, the effectiveness of medication based on calcium hydroxide and of the sealants with biostimulating properties was suported by the complete healing of the affected tissues.

The aim of this paper is to compare the detection rate of chronic periapical lesions using radiographic exam and CBCT. Materials and methodsThe study group included 12 patients with 30 teeth with root canal fillings (aged at least 24 months). An assessment of the periapical status was performed using radiographic exam (ortopantomograph) and CBCT. The recorded data were compared to determine periapical lesions detection accuracy related to dental group, the type and extension of periapical lesions. ResultsThe detection rate of incipient periapical lesions for teeth with old root canal fillings is higher for CBCT (17%) compared with radiographic exam (10%). In the case of the extended periapical lesions, the detection rate is similar for radiography and CBCT (44%). ConclusionCBCT can be recommended in clinical situations of teeth treated endodonticallyor pulp necrotic untreated teeth associated with mild periapical symptoms and the failure of radiographic exam to detect the presence of periapical lesion.

The aim of this study was to determine the repair rate of the root furcation lesions, using MTA and hydroxide calcium based materials. Materials and method The study group included 24 molars (8 maxillary; 16 mandibular) with root furcations, from 24 patients (14 males; 10 females), with age 21-46 years. The treatments were performed with MTA and calcium hydroxide-based products and radiographic follow-up for 12 months. Results The root furcations with endo-periodontal etiology presented complete healing 12 months posttreatment in 88% cases. The root furcations associated with root perforation presented complete healing 12 months posttreatment in 82% cases. Conclusions The lesion extension, the accuracy of technique and the therapeutic materials are important factors that influence the posttreatment evolution of an endo-periodontal lesion.

Introduction Traumatic injuries and decays are the biggest challenges to the integrity of a young permanent tooth .The aim of this study was to compare the biostimulating and repairing action of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and of the mineral aggregate with ceramic nanoparticles (BioAgreggate) with calcium hydroxide action, in terms of clinical-radiological parameters, after vital pulp therapy in young permanent teeth affected by dental caries or traumatic injury. Material and methods The study was conducted on a sample of 36 teeth from 31 patients of both sexes, aged between 7 and 15 years (mean 9.3 ± 1.9 years), divided into three groups, and took place for a period of up to 4 years. Results The results concerning the effectiveness of the three materials used were evaluated in terms of clinical and radiological manifestations. These were significantly correlated (Ȥ2 = 35.3, r = 0.705, p = 0.003, 95% CI), the study demonstrating an important differences between the three groups of teeth. Final evaluation showed a significant association (Ȥ2 = 18.69, r = 0.725, p = 0.001, 95% CI) between the material used and the final results. Conclusions Following clinical aseptic procedures, after removing bacterial contamination, applying a bio-stimulative dressing and an hermetic crown sealing, there are high chances (about 95%) that the pulp of a young permanent tooth, even seeming irreversibly inflamed, to return to the original status and continue to exercise its functions with longterm preservation of vitality.

This case report describes the achievement of endodontic space decontamination with ozonated water (conc. 20 mg mL-1, 1 min) used as canal irrigant to a central incisor from the maxilary, second quadrant, diagnosed with progressive diffuse chronic apical periodontitis. Conservative treatment of the root canal was performed in a single session. Postoperative clinical and radiological examination after 3 months revealed complete healing of periapical lesions of endodontic origin. Proper diagnosis of periapical lesions and unconventional treatment of the complex system of infected root canal allowed complete healing of the lesion without interfering through surgical endodontic therapy. This case report demonstrates the successful healing of persistent periapical lesions using an alternative (non-conventional) method with ozonated water.

Aim of the study The study aimed to determine the influence of root filling and coronal restorations quality on prevalence and severity of chronic apical periodontitis (CAP). Materials and method The study was performed on 126 patients (age 20-50), with a total number of 299 teeth with finished endodontic treatments and amalgam and composite resins restorations. The assessment of root fillings was performed on periapical radiographs and coronal restorations were assessed using clinical examination and byte-wing radiographs. The periapical status was analysed using P.A.I. indices. Results The study proves the high prevalence of chronic apical periodontitis (73.6%). High prevalence of C.A.P. (94.1%) and P.A.I. indices (4.06) are present for teeth with coronal restoration with poor marginal integrity and short root fillings. Conclusions Both the quality of the coronal restoration and the quality of the root filling (length and density) are correlated with the presence and severity of chronic apical periodontitis.

The aim of the study was to assess the clinical performance of class II composite resins restorations performed using different restorative techniques. Materials and methods The study group included 37 patients aged between 18-42 years. A number of 60 class II direct restorations were performed by a single practitioner using adhesive preparation design with margin bevelling and hybrid composite resin Herculite XRV (Kerr) as restorative material. The teeth included in the study were divided in three groups (n=20) accordingly to restorative technique: I. centripetal build-up; II. oblique layering technique; III. horizontal layering technique. The class II composite resins restorations were assessed after 12 months using United States Public Health Services (USPHS) criteria. Results and discussions The centripetal build-up technique presented the score A for marginal adaptation in 60%, for marginal discoloration in 70% and for anatomical form in 80% of the restorations. The horizontal layering technique presents the score A for marginal adaptation in 40%, for marginal discoloration in 50% and for anatomical form in 50% of the restorations. The oblique layering technique presented the score A for marginal adaptation in 80%, for marginal discoloration in 90% and for anatomical form in 60% of the restorations. Conclusions Statistical differences between groups were found regarding marginal adaptation (oblique layering technique versus horizontal layering technique), marginal discoloration (oblique layering technique versus horizontal layering technique) and anatomical form (centripetal build-up technique versus horizontal layering technique).

This document is a compilation of research articles that discuss various aspects of endodontic procedures and complications. The articles cover topics such as iatrogenic errors during root canal treatment, the quality of root canal fillings, radiographic evaluation of treatment, instrument fracture, retreatment and surgery outcomes, ledge formation, and the use of navigation technology. Other topics include the detection of errors using radiographs and cone beam computed tomography, the retrieval of separated instruments, repair of perforations, and management of procedural errors. The document also includes a case report on the use of CBCT segmentation and additive manufacturing for managing root canals with ledges. [Extracted from the article]