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Bu çalışmada pioglitazon molekülünün geometrik yapıları, bağ uzunlukları, bağ açıları, titreşim frekansları, dipol momentleri, proton ve karbon-13 NMR izotropik kimyasal kaymaları, UV-Vis. Parametreleri ile HOMO ve LUMO enerjileri Gaussian09 programı ve DFT/B3LYP yöntemi kullanılarak 6-311G++(2d,2p) temel setinde incelenmiştir. Teorik titreşim modlarının potansiyel enerji dağılımı (PED) üzerinden belirlenmesi VEDA 4 yazılımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Pioglitazon molekülünün spektroskopik karakterizasyonu FT-IR, Lazer-Raman ve NMR kimyasal kayma ve UV-vis deneysel yöntemleri ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Teorik olarak elde edilen geometrik parametreler, titreşimsel dalgaboyları ve NMR kimyasal kayma değerleri de aynı zamanda deneysel sonuçlarla karşılaştırılmıştır., Geometric structures, bond lengths, bond angles, vibrational frequencies, dipole moments, proton and carbon-13 NMR isotropic chemical shifts, UV-Vis. Parameters, HOMO and LUMO energies of pioglitazone molecules were studied using Gaussian09 program with DFT/B3LYP method at the 6-311G++(2d,2p) basis set. The assignments of theoretical vibrational modes were obtained using VEDA 4 software in terms of potential energy distribution (PED). The spectroscopic characterizations of pioglitazone molecule were performed using FT-IR, Laser-Raman, and NMR chemical shift and UV-vis. experimental methods. Theoretically obtained geometric parameters, vibrational wavenumbers and NMR chemical shifts will also be compared with the experimental results.

Melanoma en agresif kanser türlerindendir ve tedavilerin yetersiz olmasından kaynaklı ileri aşamlarada kötü prognoz ile karakterizedir. Kurkuminin kolon, pankreas, prostat, karaciğer ve multiple miyelom dahil olmak üzere çeşitli kanser türlerinde lezyonlara karşı etkili olduğu kanıtlanmıştır. Biz de çalışmamızda kurkuminin malign melanoma hücrelerine etkisini araştırmayı amaçladık. Çalışmamızda SK-MEL – 30 insan melanoma hücre hattı kullanıldı. SK-MEL – 30 melanoma hücreleri kültüre edildikten sonra 2.5 µg, 6.75 µg, 12.5 µg, 15 µg ve 25 µg kurkumin ile 24 ve 48 saat süre ile inkübe edildi. Annexin V/PI ve Kaspaz 3/7 analizleri ile hücre canlılıkları ve apoptoz açısından değerlendirildi. Annexin V/PI analizi sonucunda 25 µg kurkuminin 48 saat süre sonunda malin melanoma hücrelerinde canlılığı yaklaşık %50 oranında azalttığı tespit edildi. Kaspaze 3/7 analizi sonucunda kurkuminin doz oranı arttıkça hücre ölümünün gerçekleştiği ve 25 µg kurkumin uygulamasının melanoma hücrelerinde apoptozu indükleyerek hücre ölümüne neden olduğu gösterildi. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma ile kurkuminin malin melanoma hücrelerine karşı antiproliferatif ve apoptozu indükleyici etkisi olduğu belirlendi. Kurkuminin klinik etkilerinin tespit edilebilmesi için daha kapsamlı çalışmaların yapılması gerektiğini önermekteyiz.

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy potential of four commonly used cytotoxicity assays (XTT, Neutral red uptake, Crystal violet assay and Propidium iodide staining) to analyse the antiproliferative effects of vitamin K2. Materials and Methods Saos-2 cells, an osteosarcoma cell line, were exposed to vitamin K2 at different concentrations (10 μM, 20 μM, 30 μM, 40 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM and 200 μM) for 48 and 72 hours. Tetrazolium salt test (XTT), neutral red uptake (NR) assay, crystal violet assay and propidium iodide (PI) staining were performed to determine cytototoxic potential of vitamin K2 in terms of the cell viability and IC50 values. The results were evaluated with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test. Results Cytotoxic effects of vitamin K2 on osteosarcoma cells were analyzed with XTT, Neutral Red uptake, Crystal violet assay and Propidium iodide, respectively, and IC50 values was determined as for 48 hours exposure 61.93; 40.21; 62.11; 70.57 μM and for 72 hours exposure 75.44; 68.22; 41.66; 88.01 μM. Conclusion Statistical analyzes revealed that the results of four tests used in this study were different. In addition, it was determined that the viability rates in propidium iodide staining were strikingly higher than the results obtained with other tests for cytotoxicity analyses. It has been concluded that incubations at different times and at different concentrations are required to prevent misinterpretation of results in cytotoxicity analyses, and that tetrazolium salt-based tests should be supplemented with other non-metabolic tests.

The radioactivity levels in the soil samples from Bartin Province, Turkey were determined using a HPGe detector, and the hazard parameters were calculated. The mean concentration values were measured as 6 ± 2; 7 ± 3; 136 ± 15; 2 ± 1 and 8 ± 3 Bq kg−1, for 238U, 232Th, 40K, 137Cs and 226Ra, respectively. The average radium equivalent, absorbed gamma dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent, external hazard index and excess lifetime cancer risk were calculated as 26.74 Bq kg−1, 12 ± 3 nGy h−1, 15 ± 3 µSv y−1, 0.1 ± 0.02 and 0.053 ± 0.011, respectively. Amasra district exhibited the highest radiological hazard parameters which is attributed to the mining activities. All measured and calculated values were found to remain under the limit values.

In this study, the structural and spectroscopic characterizations (FT-IR, Laser-Raman, 1H and 13C NMR and UV-vis spectra) of cyclopentolate were performed using experimental and theoretical methods. Four conformational structures and optimized molecular geometries of the molecule were examined. The vibrational wavenumbers, proton and carbon-13 NMR chemical shifts, UV-Vis. parameters were theoretically obtained for the most stable form of the molecule and the HOMO-LUMO analyses were performed with DFT/B3LYP method at aug-cc-pVDZ basis set. The weak intra-molecular hydrogen bond interaction in O45-H46…N23 group was determined. The 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts were experimentally and theoretically investigated. The assignments of theoretical vibrational modes were obtained using VEDA 4 software in terms of potential energy distribution (PED). The theoretically and experimentally obtained data were found to be consistent with each other.

Bu çalışmada hiperisin molekülünün titreşimanalizi FT-IR spektroskopisi ile deneysel olarak gerçekleştirildi. Aynızamanda, hiperisin molekülünün moleküler yapısı, geometrik parametreleri,titreşim dalgaboyları, moleküler elektrostatik potansiyeli ile en yüksek ve endüşük dolu orbital (HOMO-LUMO) analizleri Yoğunluk Fonksiyonel Teorisi ileteorik olarak elde edildi. Titreşim dalgaboylarının literatür verileri vemevcut çalışmadan elde edilen deneysel sonuçlarla tutarlı olduğu gözlemlendi., In the present study, vibrational analysis ofhypericin molecule was experimentally performed using FT-IR spectroscopy. Themolecular structure, geometric parameters, vibrational wavenumbers, molecularelectrostatic potential and the highest and the lowest occupied molecularorbital analyses of hypericin molecule were theoretically obtained with DensityFunctional Theory. The vibrational wavenumbers were consistent with literatureand the experimental data obtained in the current study.

In this study, radon concentration measurements and chemical analyses of groundwater samples were performed in four sampling locations of Bartın Province of Western Black Sea Region, Turkey. 222Rn analysis was carried out in groundwater samples with liquid scintillation counting system in accordance with ASTM D5072 standard. The pH, total hardness, alkalinity and dissolved oxygen parameters of the groundwater samples were also determined. The radon concentrations for the water samples ranged between E w.Ig ), and in the range of 7.31–30.31 μSv/y for inhalation of radon released from water (Ew.Ih ). The total calculated annual effective doses due to ingestion and inhalation were found to be below the limit value of 100 μSv/y specified by the World Health Organization (WHO). The radioactivity measurement results significantly varied for three sampling points but not for one sampling point on two different measurement dates, which is attributed to the differences in geological structure. The chemical analysis results, except for total hardness in two sampling points, were within the permissible limits specified by international standards.

Introduction: Sex estimation using unknown fragmented remains is one of the most important supplementaries in forensic identification. If sex cannot be determined by anatomical structures in forensic cases, it is a benefit to use anthropometric methods as a supplement to estimate sex of the individuals. Aim: To evaluate the ability of estimating sex from index and ring finger lengths and their ratios in Turkish adults. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 394 adult volunteers (197 males and 197 females) aged between 18-25 years, and were selected from the Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey by stratified randomisation method. The train group comprised of 314 individuals (157 males and 157 females). The reliability of the sex estimation derived models was evaluated in the test group (40 males and 40 females) of same age range. Sex estimation models were developed by using Binary Logistic Regression Analysis. Results: The results indicate that the Index Finger Length (IFL) and Ring Finger Length (RFL) were found to be significantly longer in males than females in both right and left hands (p0.05) for both sexes. Bilateral asymmetry was observed in RIFL and LIFL for both sexes (p0.05). Accuracy percentage for models ranged between 70.0% and 75.0% in the test group for both sexes. The most successfully classified sex variable was found to be RIFL (AUC=0.75). Conclusion: The study concluded that sex estimation from the IFL and RFL may be a useful parameter when there is no more reliable sex estimation approach for forensic investigations.

In this study, indoor (air) and tap water Radon (

In this paper, a comparative experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effect of inclusion of different fiber types on strength of lime-stabilized clay. In this scope, a series of unconfined compressive strength tests were carried out on specimens including basalt and polypropylene fiber compacted under Standard Proctor effort (i.e., 35% by weight of soil). The effects of curing period (1, 7, 28, and 90 days), fiber type (basalt and polypropylene), fiber content (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1%), fiber length (6, 12, and 19 mm), and lime content (0 and 9%) on strength properties were investigated. The results revealed that both basalt and polypropylene fibers increased the strength without inclusion of lime. For specimens including lime, strength of polypropylene fiber-reinforced specimens was remarkably higher than that reinforced with basalt fiber for lime-stabilized clay. However, greatest strength improvement was obtained by use of 0.75% basalt fiber of 19 mm length with 9% lime content after 90-day curing. Additionally, results of strength tests on specimens including 3 and 6% lime and 12-mm basalt fiber after 1, 7, 28, and 90-day curing were presented. It is evident that the use of 6-mm basalt fiber and 12-mm polypropylene fiber were the best options; however, efficiency of fiber inclusion is subject to change by varying lime contents. It was also observed that the secant modulus was increased by use of lime; however, strength of the correlations among secant modulus and unconfined compressive strength values was decreased by increasing amount of lime for specimens including both basalt and polypropylene fibers.

The spectroscopic investigations of p-tert-butylphenyl salicylate (C 17 H 18 O 3 ) molecule were performed using 13 C and 1 H NMR chemical shifts, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopies. Molecular geometric optimizations, vibrational frequencies, Carbon-13 and Proton NMR chemical shifts (in vacuum and chloroform), HOMO-LUMO properties, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, nonlinear optical properties and thermodynamic parameters of p-tert-butylphenyl salicylate molecule was studied using B3LYP, B3PW91, M06-2X and CAM-B3LYP functionals in DFT method at the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. NBO analysis was carried out to investigate the intramolecular hyrogen bonding (O-H ... O) in the title molecule. Some of the molecular properties such as ionization potential ( I ), electron affinity ( A ), chemical hardness ( h ), chemical softness ( z ), electronegativity ( χ ), chemical potential ( μ ) and electrophilicity index ( w ) parameters were determined via HOMO and LUMO energies of the title molecule. Also, quantum chemical computations were performed to determine the dipole moment ( µ total ), mean polarizability ( α ), anisotropy of the polarizability ( ∆α ) and first hyperpolarizability ( β 0 ) values. Thermochemical properties of the title molecule were investigated with the aforementioned calculation levels. The recorded experimental spectroscopic results were found to be in good agreement with the computed data.

WOS: 000440121800044 PubMed: 29879534 In this study, indoor (air) and tap water Radon (Rn-222) measurements were performed at various campus areas of Giresun University. The measurement and analysis results were compared with the values recommended by international and national organizations and those reported in literature studies. The measured and calculated values were found to be under the recommended limits. Also, annual effective dose values were evaluated to determine the annual radon exposure of an individual working in the measurement area. Indoor radon concentration values measured by CR-39 detectors were in the range of 76 Bq/m(3)-504 Bq/m(3) and the mean concentration value was obtained as 193.7 Bq/m(3). The radon concentrations in tap water samples were found to be in the range of 0.98 Bq/L-27.28 Bq/L. The annual mean effective doses (E-wig) of drinking water samples were calculated in the range of 9.9-150.4 (mu Sv/y) for ingestion and 0.97-14.84 (mu Sv/y) for inhalation calculations. Excess life time cancer risk (ELCR) was estimated as 0.54%. Radon dose rate in terms of mean annual working level month was calculated as 0.246 WLM/year. The study was performed with a view to contribute to further studies in the related field and constitute a basis for the measurements conducted in this area. Giresun University Research Fund [FEN-BAP-A-140316-50] This work is supported by Giresun University Research Fund project under the project no FEN-BAP-A-140316-50. The authors gratefully acknowledge the approval of Giresun University Administration for locating the detectors in the units, the valuable helps of Giresun University personnel, and the technical support of TAEK (Turkish Atomic Energy Authority). The valuable helps of Dr. Yelda Bingol Alpaslan and Dr. Nuri Ozturk are also acknowledged.

Objective: Lifelong statin treatment is recommended in patients with cardiovascular diseases, but drug adherence is a significant problem. The aim of this study was to investigate factors related to statin discontinuation in high-risk patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) diagnosed by coronary angiography. Methods: A total of 300 consecutive patients who were followed-up with a diagnosis of CAD were recruited. Patients were categorized as statin adherent or statin non-adherent (patients interrupting statin therapy >30 days). Study participants completed a questionnaire regarding demographic characteristics, medical history, knowledge of statin treatment, and factors related to statin discontinuation. Results: In all, 160 patients (53.3%) were found to be statin adherent. Of those, 122 patients had suffered myocardial infarction, and atorvastatin was the most prescribed statin on discharge. Among the study population, 26% were illiterate and 55% had graduated from primary school. Only 39 cases (13%) cases had a low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level

Background: Lymphadenopathy (LAP) may be the first symptom of many diseases. We aimed to investigate peripheral LAP results taken by excisional biopsy. Methods: Histopathological examination of 185 lymph node biopsy specimens were evaluated between January 2009 and April 2015 in Istanbul Private Ekin Pathology Laboratory, retrospectively. Results: The average age of patients ranged from 1 to 86 was 41.01 ± 20.62 years. 87 of were female, 98 of male. 62 (33.5%) of excisional biopsy materials were benign lesions and 123 (66.5%) of malignant. Benign lesions were consisted of reactive hyperplasia, cat-scratch disease, toxoplasmosis, necrotizing/non-necrotizing granulomatous. Of these patients, 40 had nodes with reactive hyperplasia (15 female/25 male, mean age: 27.35 y), 14 had necrotizing granulomatous disease (9 female/5 male, mean age: 39.86 y), 2 non-necrotizing granulomatous disease (1 female/1 male mean age: 43 y), 4 had cat-scratch disease (1 female/3 male mean age: 54.25 y), 1 toxoplasmosis (26 y, female), 1 Kikuchi disease (25 y, female). In the evaluation of malign lesions; 38 were Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) (20.5%, 17 female/21 male, mean age: 34.89 y) 77 had non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (41.6%, 37 female/40 male, mean age: 52.26 y), 8 metastasis (4.3%, 5 female/3 male, mean age: 53.5 y). Reactive LAP observed most common in cervical region, NHL in axillary-abdomen-inguinal-mediastinum and HL in the supraclavicular region. Conclusion: Excisional biopsy can be applied safely with minimal morbidity and mortality and a gold standard diagnostic method for LAP. Although LAP is mostly related with benign lesions, malignancy should be kept in mind in differential diagnosis.

Background: Obesity is associated with many risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension and leads to early atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation of the mean platelet volume (MPV) and the carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) on cardiac functions among obese children. Materials and Methods: Sixty obese children, with body mass index percentile were >95% and forty eight healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), thyroid function tests, hemoglobin, white blood cell, MPV and insulin resistance were evaluated. CIMT was measured by using high-resolution ultrasound and echocardiography was performed to all individuals. Results: MPV and CIMT values were found significantly higher in obese children than controls. There was positive correlation between CIMT and age, body surface area (BSA), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, left ventricular meridional end-systolic wall stress (ESWSm), myocardial fiber stress (MFS), stroke volume (SV) and insulin and negative correlation with left ventricle end-systolic elastance by single beat technique (Ees(sb)) and arterial elastance (Ea). There was no correlation between LVM, cardiac risk profiles and CIMT. Multiple stepwise regression analyses revealed that ESWSm (β=0.337, P=0.049) was only independent factor on CIMT. MPV values showed negative correlation with ALT, AST, Free T4, thyroid stimulating hormone and positive correlation with age and BSA. Conclusion: Current study showed that obesity has an independent impact on CIMT and MPV values in children. Increased CIMT in obese children leads significant increase in ESWSm and decrease in Ea and Ees(sb).

Aim: In this study, the relationship of urinary incontinence (UI) with family history and nocturnal enuresis history were investigated in women in the reproductive age that admitted to the outpatient clinics. Materials and Methods: Total of 520 female patients were included in the study that admitted to urology, gynecology, internal medicine and family medicine clinics between December 2013 - January 2014. General questionnaire containing sociodemographic characteristics and urinary incontinence history questionnaire was administered to these patients. Results: 520 women aged between 15-49 years were investigated and 35% (182) of them complained of urinary incontinence. More often had a complaint of incontinence in a little amount (42.9%). The most common type was urge 114 (22%) of had UI history in first-degree relatives. 31.4% of them suffered from urinary incontinence in childhood and; 28.4% of sad that they received treatment, 55% of was not treated, 16.6% of did not remember anything. Conclusion: UI is a common health problem and quite often in the female population. The most women see UI as a result of being a women and aging so they dont take medical advice. This disease should be awared and treated and in childhood. It is important to identify the problem and the risk factors of UI in patients admitted to outpatient clinics, Amaç: Bu çalışmada idrar kaçırma şikayeti ile polikiniklere başvuran üreme çağındaki kadınlarda görülen üriner inkontinansın (Üİ) aile öyküsü ve enürezis nokturna ile olan ilişkisi incelenmiştir.Gereç-yöntem: Kasım 2013- Ocak 2014 tarihleri arasında üroloji, kadın doğum, dahiliye ve aile hekimliği polikliniklerine başvuran 520 kadın hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Bu hastalara sosyodemografik özellikleri içeren genel anket formu ve idrar kaçırma öyküsü ile ilgili anket formu uygulandı.Bulgular: Yaşları 15-49 arasında degişen 520 kadın hastanın % 35 (182)’ inde idrar kaçırma şikayetinin olduğu görüldü. Daha sıklıkla az miktarda idrar kaçırma öyküsü (%42,9) mevcut idi. En sık sıkışma tipi, % 53,1 oranında Üİ saptandı. Birinci derece akrabasında Üİ öyküsü olan 114 (% 22) hasta vardı. Çocukluğunda Üİ şikayeti olan ise % 31,4 oranında bulundu. Çocukluğunda idrar kaçırma şikayeti olanlardan; %28,4‘ü ilaç tedavisi aldığını, %55’i hiç tedavi olmadığını, %16,6‘sı hatırlamadığını ifade etti.Sonuç: Üİ, kadın populasyonunda oldukça sık görülen bir sağlık problemidir. Kadınların büyük bir çoğunluğu bunu kadın olmanın ve yaşlanmanın bir sonucu olarak görmekte olup tıbbi yardım almamaktadır. Bu hastalığın çocukluk döneminden fark edilip tedavi edilmesi gerekmektedir. Polikliniğe başvuran hastalarda bu sorunun tespit edilmesi ve risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi önemlidir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Kadın, üriner inkontinans, öykü

Aim: The endoscopic examination is widely used and also the the gold standard in lower gastrointestinal system (LGIS) in the diagnosis and treatment of mucosal pathology. Colon and rectum often hosts premalignant lesions and relatively easily accessible organs. Therefore, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a early detectable disease. And to prevent the development of CRC and to capture at early stage the screening tests such as screening endoscopy are used. In our study was aimed to evaluate the biopsy results of the lower gastrointestinal endoscopy. Materials and Methods: The lower gastrointestinal endoscopy (LGE) biopsy results of 135 cases and demographic characteristics of the patients were evaluated retrospectively who admitted to Department of Pathology between January 2013-November 2013. Results: 135 patients enrolled in the study, 89 (65.92%) of male and 46 (34.07%) were female. The age of patients were between 15 and 82 with a mean age of 53.00 ± 14.6. 85 of 135 cases (62.96%) were colitis, 3 (2.22%) were hyperplastic polyps, 22 (16.30%) were tubular adenoma, 15 (11.11%) of them tubulovillous adenoma, 1 (0%, 74) of submucosal lipoma, 9 (6.67%) patients were diagnosed with cancer. All of the cancer cases were in adenocarcinoma histology, one of developing from villous adenoma, one of them from tübülovillous adenoma. Cases of adenomas were included to only cancer groups because there is no duplication of data. Conclusion: Colonoscopy in the detection of both benign and malignant LGIS pathologies is the gold standard method. The upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy(LGE) must be remembered as a reliable method in the population, with a low complication rate and high diagnosis rate and when there is clinical necessity gastrointestinal endoscopy should not be avoided as planned.

In this study, the mean grain size of ceramic-metal composites, made from boron carbide (B4C-)-aluminium (Al)-nickel (Ni) powders, has been determined with ultrasonic velocity technique by using a 2 MHz transducer. An ultrasonic velocity-grain size master graph was plotted using a 4 MHz ultrasonic transducer. The results were compared to the mean grain size obtained from SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) images. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Background: Obesity has a risk factor for sudden cardiac death, because of the tendency to develop arrhythmias. Delay in cardiac repolarization is reflected as QTc prolongation on electrocardiogram. The aim of this study was to investigate QTc interval in obese children and assess the relation between cardiac risk factors and QTc interval. Materials and Methods: Forty five obese children whose body mass index (BMI) persentil was > % 95th and eighty seven control group were enrolled in this study. QTc was derived using Bazett’s Formula. Results: Mean QTc value was found significantly longer in obese children (413.89±23.27ms) than control group (398.95±24.28ms) (p= 0,001) and also prolonged QTc frequency was more than six times in obese (% 15.6) than control group (%2.4). BMI, systolic and diastolic BP, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), fasting glucose, insulin, left ventricular mass (LVM) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) were significantly higher and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and HOMA-IR values were lower in obese group compared with the controls. There was no correlation between QTc, metabolic parameters, systolic and diastolic BP, BMI, LVM and CIMT in obese group. Conclusion: QTc prolongation can be seen more common in obese children and may result in sudden death. So obese children must be followed closely regarding QTc interval.

OP-106 Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to clinical symptoms of acute myocardial ischemia due to atherosclerosis of coronary arteries and includes unstable angina (UA) and myocardial infarction (MI). ACS is the most common cause of hospital admission in patients with coronary artery disease (