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Background Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) can significantly limit the recovery of stroke patients at all stages and lead to a decline in activity participation and quality of life. Objective Based on the concept of full-cycle rehabilitation in stroke, by investigating the incidence of PSCI, to analyzed the differences of PSCI in different age and disease period and its potential influencing factors. Methods Stroke patients were hospitalized in the rehabilitation departments of 27 hospitals in different regions of China from October 2022 to July 2023 using simple random sampling method for cross-sectional analysis. A total of 402 patients were finally included according to the study criteria, and categorized into the young and middle-aged group (18-64 years old, n=234) and the elderly group (≥65 years old, n=168) according to the criteria of the National Bureau of Statistics of China, and the patients were also categorized into the acute-phase group (1-7 d, n=25), subacute-phase group (8-180 d, n=338), and the chronic-phase group (>180 d, n=39) according to the International Stroke Rehabilitation Alliance. Baseline information on patients was collected through interviews, assessments, and an electronic case system. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and subscores and total scores were calculated for each cognitive domain. Using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremity (FMA-LE), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Hospital Anxiety Scale (HADS-A), and the Hospital Depression Scale (HADS-D) were used to assess the disease conditions and physical functioning of the patients. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between cognitive function levels and other clinical indicators at different ages and different stages of disease. Results The prevalence of PSCI in stroke patients was 76.4% (307/402), including 81.0% (136/168) in elderly patients and 73.1% (171/234) in young and middle-aged patients; the prevalence of PSCI in stroke patients was 56.0% (14/25) in the acute phase, 78.4% (265/338) in the subacute phase, and 71.8% (28/39) in the chronic phase. The results of grouping by age and disease period showed that the elderly group had lower visuospatial and executive function, attention, numeracy, delayed recall scores and total MoCA scores than those in the young and middle-aged group (P

Objective·To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and malignant tumors based on the Shanghai community elderly cohort.Methods·The study subjects were selected from the Shanghai community elderly cohort established from February to August 2019, with a total of 17 948 people. The study subjects were divided into 4 groups according to self-reported presence or absence of tumors and/or cardiovascular diseases during the baseline survey: tumor-free and non-cardiovascular disease group, single cardiovascular disease group, single tumor group and tumor cardiovascular disease co-occurrence group. The differences among the four groups of subjects were collected and compared in terms of demographic characteristics and physiological indicators, daily living habits (smoking, drinking tea, drinking coffee, drinking carbonated drink, drinking alcohol, sedentary time, physical activity level and sleep quality), past medical history, psychological status (depression and anxiety) and dietary compliance.Results·Among the study subjects, 60.1% of tumor patients were complicated with cardiovascular diseases. The differences among the four groups of subjects in age, gender, educational level, pre-retirement occupation, waist circumference, hip circumference and body mass index were statistically significant (all P

Unlike imaging in air, underwater panoramic imaging faces great challenges arising from water pressure and diminished light, necessitating special lens packaging and focused underwater illumination. The processing of underwater images from multiple channels necessitates adaptations to existing image processing algorithms to mitigate color cast, noisy points, and other imaging defects. And based on the hot research of panoramic video transmission, the underwater panoramic imaging system on the ROV platform holds great development potential.Based on the technical research of underwater panoramic photography, this paper first elaborates on the generation and transmission of underwater panoramic images and discusses two camera layouts: distributed and integrated, utilizing the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) platform as the carrier, through an analysis of camera hardware requirements. Subsequently, it introduces the creation of panoramic images from multiple channels of image data through a process involving image preprocessing, stitching, and fusion. Lastly, taking into account of remote video transmission through water boundaries, a self-adaptive multi-rate transmission scheme is presented, based on the stream division into slices (Tile stream) for panoramic videos. From the development of underwater panoramic technology, with the improvement of panoramic technologies such as lossless image stitching, iterative computing speed of image processors, image restoration, ultra bandwidth connection, and panoramic video transmission, ROV platform panoramic camera systems will be widely applied.

Abstract Background Sufentanil in combination with dezocine or esketamine is often used for postoperative analgesia. However, there is a lack of clinical evidence of efficacy. This study compares the analgesic effects of esketamine and dezocine combined with sufentanil for relieving pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC). Methods A total of 58 patients were randomly assigned to the esketamine group (ES group) and dezocine group (DE group). In the ES group, 1.5 mg/kg esketamine was used. In the DE group, 0.3 mg/kg dezocine was used. Primary outcome measures were Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score at 4 h, 8 h, 24 h and 48 h after surgery. The second outcome measures were Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the serum 10 minutes before anesthesia induction, and at 24 h and 48 h after surgery. Results The VAS scores at 4 h, 8 h, 24 h and 48 h after the surgery in the ES group vs DE group were 2.70 vs 3.50(P=0.013),2.35 vs 3.15(P=0.004),1.69 vs 2.58(P=0.002), and 1.50 vs 2.26(P=0.002), respectively. The serum IL-6 concentrations 10 minutes before anesthesia induction, and at 24 h and 48 h after surgery in the ES group and DE group were 34.39 and 34.12(P=0.901),112.33 and 129.60(P=0.014), and 89.69 and 108.46(P

To address the problem of output saturation in the thrust allocation of remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), this paper introduces a thrust distribution optimization technique based on genetic algorithm. Initially, a mathematical model describing the horizontal and vertical thrust of an ROV is established, using the spatial configuration of a miniaturized electric ROV's propellers as foundation. Subsequently, genetic algorithm is employed to optimize thrust allocation for the ROV's horizontal and vertical propellers, with results compared to outcomes from a pseudo-inverse method of thrust allocation. Simulation analysis reveals that the thrust allocation optimized via the genetic algorithm can effectively prevent output saturation and ensures that the resultant force or torque from each propeller's output aligns almost exactly with the intended combined force or torque, maintaining an error within ±1%.

Aiming at the motion state coupling and model non-linearity of remotely operated vehicle (ROV) caused by the asymmetric structural layout of ROV and changes of center of gravity and center of buoyancy, this paper proposes a model identification algorithm considering the typical nonlinear characteristics of ROV. A model predictive control (MPC) method and its fast optimization solution method based on operator partition quadratic programming were studied and deduced. A mathematical simulation system including the nonlinear mathematical model of ROV, the parameter identification algorithm module and the MPC algorithm module were developed. The simulation was carried out under the scenarios of considering and ignoring nonlinear characteristics, and changing the position of center of buoyancy in the ROV nonlinear mathematical model. The effectiveness and advancement of the parameter identification algorithm proposed in this paper were verified. On the basis of the identification model, the simulation compared and analyzed the effect of underwater ROV attitude control under 4 scenarios, including the MPC algorithm-based identification model considering and ignoring the typical nonlinear characteristics of underwater ROV, MPC algorithm based on direct solution and MPC algorithm based on fast optimization approximate solution proposed in this paper. The effectiveness of the control algorithm proposed in this paper is verified.

Targeting deep-sea ecological unmanned scientific research in operation waters exceeding 4 000 meters with operating power of 150 HP@50 Hz, the capability to carry diverse scientific research tools, and remote control functionalities, this paper proposes a design solution for a complete scientific work-class ROV system. The system employs design techniques of lightweight, high power-density ROV body, self-discharging double redundancy drive under Sea State 5 for cable deployment and recovery, conveniently-distributed and compact surface remote power supply controls, and combined operation tools. These innovations allow for 4 000 meter ROV flight, safe deployment, retrieval, and unmanned deep-sea scientific tasks, with some components even extendable to utilization in a 6 000 meter platform. Eventually, the engineering product version of the complete ROV system was engineered by incorporating key self-made components such as hydraulic compensation propellers, control light boxes, tool valve boxes, and underwater electronic pods. The system is subject to component-level, subsystem-level, and complete system-level tests, coupled with the first sea trial, and a rigorous nine-day, eight-dive deep-sea ecological research mission, gathering abundant scientific samples and data, thereby effectively validating the operation capability and reliability of this complete ROV system.

It is of utmost importance to understand the characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of soil in order to optimize soil management and enhance crop yield. Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), a stress-resistant amino acid polymer, plays a crucial role in plant drought stress resistance. However, little is known about the effects of γ-PGA on soil characteristics during drought treatments. In this study, the effects of different forms of γ-PGA on soil texture and basic physical and chemical properties under short-term drought conditions were investigated. Furthermore, the impact of γ-PGA on the microbial community and metabolic function of maize was analyzed. Under drought conditions, the introduction of γ-PGA into the soil resulted in notable improvements in the mechanical composition ratio and infiltration capacity of the soil. Concurrently, this led to a reduction in soil bulk density and improved soil organic matter content and fertility. Additionally, metagenomic analysis revealed that under drought conditions, the incorporation of γ-PGA into the soil enhanced the soil microbiota structure. This shift led to the predominance of bacteria that are crucial for carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles in the soil. Metabolomics analysis revealed that under drought treatment, γ-PGA affected soil metabolic patterns, with a particular focus on alterations in amino acid and vitamin metabolism pathways. Correlation analysis between the soil metagenome and metabolites showed that microorganisms played a significant role in metabolite accumulation. These results demonstrated that γ-PGA could improve soil characteristics under drought conditions and play an important role in soil microorganisms and microbial metabolism, providing further insights into the changes in soil characteristics under drought conditions.

At present, the simulation model of heave compensation device is usually highly complex, which is not conductive for intuitive understanding of its dynamic characteristics and performance mechanism. Therefore, this paper focuses on a swing-arm and gas-liquid mixed passive heave compensation (PHC) device that is applicable for launching and recovering of deep-sea heavy-duty underwater robots. The complex compensation process and nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the device are analyzed. By establishing reasonable modeling assumptions to reduce modeling complexity, simplified mathematical models of system dynamics and kinematics are derived, and corresponding numerical simulation software is developed. Model-based stability and dynamic simulation analyses are conducted, and the main factors that may affect the passive compensation performance are identified, including accumulator capacity, initial nitrogen charging pressure and nitrogen pressure after oil filling. By simulating the heave compensation performance of the heave compensation device with different design parameters and system states under the condition of still sea surface and degree-3 sea state, and comparing the main factors that affect compensation performance through simulations, the compensation performance of the PHC device in terms of compensation movement range and sensitivity to variations of umbilical cable tension, and the effectiveness of the algorithm model are verified. Based on the simulation results, some suggestions are proposed to improve the performance of the PHC through adjusting accumulator volume and nitrogen pressure.

In this work，the methods for extracting natural corrosion inhibitors including immersion extraction，heating reflux，Soxhlet extraction and ultrasonic extraction were introduced，and the natural corrosion inhibitors extracted from four kinds of raw materials such as seed plants，algae plants，medicinal plants and discarded fruit peels by domestic and foreign researchers were summarized.In addition，the synergistic effect，active ingredient and corrosion inhibition mechanisms of various natural corrosion inhibitors were introduced，and the development and application prospects of natural corrosion inhibitors were prospected.

During rapid chemistry, cultural convergence, and technological advancement, music education management has increasingly become an interdisciplinary discipline integrating musicology, pedagogy, management, educational economics, ethics, and related technological sciences. However, in the current structure of general music education, there is still a discrepancy between the reality and the ideal in terms of philosophy, content, methods, and evaluation in the practice of family, school, and social music education. In order to solve such problems, this paper focuses on the current knowledge-tracking mechanism in music learning education. Firstly, we analyze and compare the DKT model, DKVMN model, and LSTM neural network and propose a new LMKT model after studying the advantages and disadvantages. In order to analyze the characteristics of student learning data, the student learning process was observed visually on two online publicly available real data sets, ASSISTMents2009 and ASSISTMents2015. The results show that the AUC value of the LMKT model proposed in this paper (73.83%) is 4.62% and 1.15% higher than that of the DKT model (69.21%) and the DKVMN model (72.68%), respectively, and that knowledge tracking is less effective as the number of clusters increases when the number of student clusters K is greater than 6. When the number of K is less than 6, the knowledge-tracking effect becomes better as the number of clusters increases. It is finally concluded that the LMKT model shows a better tracking effect, and the clustering feature improves the knowledge-tracking ability of the model.

Objective To investigate the effect of hypoxia combined with propofol on immature Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat hippocampal neurons through ferroptosis. Methods A total of 168 7-day-old SD rats (half male and half female, 15.59±1.13 g) were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=28): lipid emulsion solvent+50% oxygen (CO), lipid emulsion solvent+air (CA), lipid emulsion solvent+18% oxygen (CH), propofol+50% oxygen (PO), propofol+air (PA), and propofol+18% oxygen (PH) groups.The rats in the propofol group were intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg/kg propofol, and those in the lipid emulsion group were intraperitoneally injected with 5 mL/kg lipid emulsion, once a day for 7 consecutive days.After injection, the mice were put into warm chambers with oxygen concentration of 50%, 21% and 18%(38℃) respectively.After the righting reflex recovered, the mice were immediately put back into the normoxic environment for feeding by their mothers.The respiratory rate (RR) and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) of immature SD rats were observed and monitored after propofol anesthesia.The morphological changes of mitochondria in hippocampal neurons were observed by transmission electron microscopy.The contents of Fe2+ and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the hippocampus were detected by biochemical assay, and the protein expression of transferrin receptor (TFRC) in the hippocampus was detected by Western blotting. Results The results of RR and SpO2 monitoring showed that compared with the corresponding lipid emulsion group, only RR in the PO group was decreased (CO vs PO, P < 0.01), while RR and SpO2 in the PA and PH groups were decreased (CA vs PA, CH vs PH, P < 0.01).Transmission electron microscopy displayed that the mitochondria in the hippocampal neurons of the PA and PH groups were generally swollen, with dissolved and disappeared mitochondrial cristae.The results of the biochemical assay showed that the Fe2+ content and MDA level in the PO, PA, and PH groups were increased than those in the corresponding lipid emulsion groups (P < 0.01).Compared with the PO group, the content of Fe2+ and MDA were increased in the PA and PH groups (P < 0.05).Western blotting indicated that compared with the corresponding lipid emulsion group, the expression level of TFRC in the PO, PA, and PH groups was increased (P < 0.05), while the level was increased in the PA and PH groups than the PO group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Hypoxia aggravates the damage of hippocampal neurons induced by propofol in immature SD rats, and the mechanism is related to the ferroptosis of hippocampal tissue.

Electronic detonators not only improve delay accuracy and the flexibility of initiation network design, but also realize the full lifecycle safety control of detonators from production to transportation, storage, and blasting operation. Therefore, electronic detonators are the key development direction of the civil explosive industry. This study summarized the development status of the electronic detonator initiation technology from the aspects of electronic detonators’ structure, application scenarios, intelligent level,blasting design theory, and failure mechanism. Our study indicates that electronic detonators will develop toward serialization and standardization, the electronic detonator initiation technology will develop toward more intelligence, the electronic detonator delay design theory will develop toward short delay, and the electronic detonator initiation network will develop toward a large scale. Based on engineering practices, we summarized the technological and application problems of electronic detonators, including frequent occurrence of misfire detonation, disconnection between detonation research and application, limited product types, and a defective standards system. Considering the demand of the civil explosive industry, we proposed the following key research directions: theories of precise delay-controlled blasting, integration of information technology with electronic detonator initiation, series of differentiated electronic detonator products, and standards systems of electronic detonators.

Objective To investigate the psychological stress and experience of elderly patients under the COVID-19 epidemic, and to provide reference for establishment of targeted interventions. Methods The phenomenological methodology was used in the study. An Semi-structure interview was conducted with 8 elderly patients with COVID-19, and the theme was extracted by Colaizzi’s 7-step analysis method. Results Four themes were extracted: emotional reaction of elderly patients after COVID-19 diagnosis, cognitive reaction of elderly patients after COVID-19 diagnosis, behavior reaction of elderly patients after COVID-19 diagnosis, and physiological reaction elderly patients after COVID-19 diagnosis. Conclusion There were multiple needs among elderly patients under the COVID-19 epidemic, and their reaction to psychological stress should be taken into consideration. Well-designed and individualized health education and psychological support should be provided by online and offline services, in order to relieve the anxiety level and enhance the confidence of elderly patients. (目的 探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下老年患者的各种心理应激反应和真实体验, 为制订针对性干预措施提供参考。方法 采用质性研究中的现象学研究方法, 于2022年4月—5月对8例入住上海市某医院的新型冠状病毒肺炎老年患者进行面对面半结构性访谈, 并采用Colaizzi七步分析法对访谈资料进行整理分析。结果 针对8例老年患者的心理应激反应和真实体验, 提炼出4个主题: 老年患者确诊新冠后的情绪反应; 老年患者确诊新冠后的认知反应; 老年患者确诊新冠后的行为反应; 老年患者确诊新冠后的生理反应。结论 在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的特殊情境下, 老年患者这类特殊群体存在着多重需求, 应关注老年患者的心理应激反应。医护人员可以通过中西医结合, 采取线上、线下的精细化、个性化的健康宣教和心理支持, 改善老年患者的焦虑和不安, 增强患者战胜疾病的信心。)

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) is one of the promising alternatives to electrical cooling and has a significant impact on worldwide energy consumption and carbon neutrality. Toward real-world applications, however, the parasitic heat input and heat leakage pose crucial challenges to commercial and residential buildings cooling. The integrating of radiative cooling and thermal insulation properties represents an attractive direction in renewable energy-efficient building envelope materials. Herein, we present a hierarchically porous hybrid film as a scalable and flexible thermal insulating subambient radiative cooler via a simple and inexpensive inverse high internal phase emulsion strategy. The as-prepared porous hybrid film exhibits an intrinsic combination of high solar reflectance (0.95), strong longwave infrared thermal emittance (0.97), and low thermal conductivity (31 mW/(m K)), yielding a subambient cooling temperature of ~8.4°C during the night and ~6.5°C during the hot midday with an average cooling power of ~94 W/m2 under a solar intensity of ~900 W/m2. Promisingly, combining the superhydrophobicity, durability, superelasticity, robust mechanical strength, and industrial applicability, the film is favorable for large-scale, sustainable and energy-saving applications in a wide variety of climates and complicated surfaces, enabling a substantial reduction of energy costs, greenhouse gas emission and associated ozone-depleting from traditional cooling systems.

Objective To explore the role of parthanatos in propofol-induced injury in PC12 cells under hypoxic conditions. Methods PC12 cells were induced to differentiate with mouse nerve growth factor (NGF), and randomly divided into normal control (NC) group, lipid emulsion solvent+room air (CA) group, lipid emulsion solvent+hypoxia control (CH) group, propofol+room air (PA) group, propofol+hypoxia (PH) group, and 3-AB (PARP-1 inhibitor) group. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) kit and flow cytometry were adopted to detect the LDH level in the supernatant and the cell apoptosis, respectively. The mRNA levels of poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) were determined by RT-qPCR, and the protein levels of AIF, PARP-1 and polymerized ADP-ribose (PAR) in each group were measured by Western blotting. The nuclear distribution of AIF in PC12 cells was observed by immunofluorescence assay. Results As compared with the NC and CA groups, the levels of LDH and apoptosis were significantly enhanced in the PA and PH groups (P < 0.01); the mRNA and protein levels of PARP-1 and AIF (P < 0.05) were increased; and the accumulation of cytoplasmic PAR (P < 0.01) and AIF nuclear translocation (P < 0.01) were observed as well. In comparison with the CH and PA groups, the levels of LDH and cell apoptosis (P < 0.01), the mRNA and protein expression of PARP-1 (P < 0.01), the formation of cytoplasmic PAR (P < 0.01), and the AIF nuclear translocation (P < 0.01) were all augmented in the PH group. Pretreatment with PARP-1 inhibitor 3-AB notably reversed the increase in LDH level and cell apoptosis induced by hypoxia combined with propofol (P < 0.01), and restrained the up-regulation of PARP-1, AIF and PAR(P < 0.01). Conclusion Propofol causes parthanatos of PC12 cells under hypoxic conditions, and inhibition of parthanatos can alleviate the damage in PC12 cells induced by propofol combined with hypoxia.

Background and Objective: Opioid medications used to be the key method for the pain management after spine surgery; most of the opioids may cause many adverse reactions. The purpose of this research was to observe the role of dexmedetomidine combined with butorphanol in the pain management of patients after posterior spinal surgery.Methods: This research was conducted in the First Hospital Affiliated to Jinzhou Medical University, China from May 2018 to January 2019. Sixty patients who underwent posterior spinal surgery were equally divided into two groups randomly: Group B who received butorphanol 0.125 mg/kg and Group DB who received dexmedetomidine (DEX) 0.1 μg/kg/hour plus butorphanol 0.125 mg/kg. The patient-controlled analgesia was conducted to deliver a bolus dose of 0.5 ml. followed by an infusion of 2 ml/hour and a lockout time of 15 minutes. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, respiration rate, pulse oxygen saturation, visual analog scale score (VAS), and Ramsay sedation score were recorded as follows: 1 hour (T1), 2 hours (T2), 6 hours (T3), 12 hours (T4), and 24 hours (T5) post‑surgery. The total number of buttons pressing of patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) and supplementary analgesic agents was observed and adverse drug reactions and total rate of patient satisfaction were evaluated statistically.Results: VAS scores at different intervals in DB group were significantly lower compared with the B group after surgery; while the score of Ramsay sedation was remarkably higher in DB group. The total number of buttons pressing of PCIA was less than that of the B group and the frequency of nausea was notably lower in DB group (p < 0.05). The total rate of satisfaction with analgesia in DB group was higher after surgery.Conclusion: DEX could enhance the analgesic effect of butorphanol after posterior spinal surgery with lesser adverse reactions

In order to solve the problems of low accuracy and cumbersome operation of traditional coal mine shaft guide deformation detection methods, a coal mine shaft guide deformation detection device based on 2D laser scanner is designed. When the cage moves linearly along the shaft guide, the pulley that connected to the cage through the support arm and closely attached to the shaft guide rotates, driving the coaxial mileage encoder that closely connected with the pulley to rotate and generate a trigger signal. Then the controller receives the trigger signal and starts the 2D laser scanner fixed to the cage. The 2D laser scanner emits laser to scan the shaft guide, and the laser projected on the surface of the shaft guide is diffusely reflected and then received by the 2D laser scanner to obtain the scan data of the shaft guide. The scan data of the shaft guide is transmitted to the controller, and the host computer calls the scan data in the controller and processes it. It can draw the shaft guide outline online and the 3D model of the shaft guide offline to obtain the gap width between the two shaft guides, the misalignment value in each direction and the wear amount of a single shaft guide. Therefore, the deformation of the shaft guide is determined. The experimental results show that the maximum absolute error of the device is 0.6 mm, and the maximum relative error is 10%. The device has the characteristics of high measurement accuracy, simple operation and simple structure.

The coupling characteristics of coal seam stress,fracture and seepage directly affect the migration characteristics of pressure relief gas during the protective seam mining.In this paper,combined with cubic law,the method for the selection of the fluid solid coupling parameters of elastic joints and persistent fracture was proposed based on the experimental data of the elastic and persistent fracture coal samples.Meanwhile,the simulation modeling of fluid solid coupling for triaxial flow test of coal samples was built.On the basis of this simulation method,the coupling characteristics of the coal sample stress,fracture and flow were simulated and analyzed during uniaxial and triaxial loading.The simulation results show that the permeability of coal samples changes as S type with the increase of axial strain.The permeability of coal sample decreases gradually with the increase of axial pressure before the fracture of coal sample development.The permeability of the coal samples increases with the development of the fractures,and the faster the fracture expansion rate is,the higher the permeability increases.The increase of confining pressure resulted in the decrease of internal fracture generation and propagation,and the permeability reduction stage was extended.The initial permeability and yielding permeability of the coal samples decreased gradually.

Objective To investigate whether the RW⁃splint could be used to guide or determine the CR position of the lower jaw so as to provide help for the later diagnostic design. Methods 20 class ⅡⅠ malocclusion patients were recruited in orthodontic department of Foshan Stomatological Hospital. They were treated by RW⁃splint for half a year before orthodontic treatment. The overjet of anterior teeth were recorded before and after treatment. Results The over⁃ jet of anterior teeth was (6.792 ± 0.795) mm before treatment and (7.720 ± 0.930) mm after half a year􀆳s treatment. The overjet of anterior teeth had significant difference (t＝6.319, P < 0.01). The overjet change of anterior teeth between be⁃ fore treatment and half year after treatment was (0.928 ± 0.657) mm. Conclusion The RW⁃splint wearing before treat⁃ ment can be used to guide or determine the mandible in the CR position.

CuInS2/ZnS (CIS/ZnS) quantum dots (QDs) with high photoluminescence (PL) were synthesized via a facile solvothermal approach. Gaussian deconvolution of PL spectra, transmission electron microscopy, and time-resolved PL spectroscopies were used to characterize the emission properties of the prepared CIS and CIS/ZnS QDs. It was found that the growth of ZnS can reduce the surface defect acting as traps to minimize donor-acceptor emissions, and the contribution of band to donor/acceptor transition becomes a dominating emission with the increase of shell growth time. The blue shift of PL emission wavelength of CIS/ZnS QDs underwent two steps: the dramatic blue shift originated from the decreased fraction donor-acceptor transition due to the reduction of surface defects at the beginning and the subsequently mild blue-shift with the time from the interdiffusion of CIS and ZnS. The effect of trioctylphosphine (TOP) and dodecanethiol (DDT) as ligands during shell growth on the optical properties of QDs were investigated and compared. The PL quantum yield (QY) of CIS core affects the final value of CIS/ZnS QDs, and the higher PL QY is achieved while using CIS core with higher PL QY. Based on the selected ligand DDT, the reaction parameters, such as CIS core reaction time, shell growth time, and Zn/Cu feed molar ratio, were further optimized. CIS/ZnS QDs with high PL QY can be obtained with a Zn/Cu feed molar ratio larger than 4, shell growth time of 30 to 90 min, and shell growth temperature 220°C–240°C, and the maximum value was up to about 80% by adjusting the above-mentioned parameters.

In this paper, we propose a supervised classification algorithm for Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) images using multiple-feature fusion and ensemble learning. First, we extract different polarimetric features, including extended polarimetric feature space, Hoekman, Huynen, H/alpha/A, and fourcomponent scattering features of PolSAR images. Next, we randomly select two types of features each time from all feature sets to guarantee the reliability and diversity of later ensembles and use a support vector machine as the basic classifier for predicting classification results. Finally, we concatenate all prediction probabilities of basic classifiers as the final feature representation and employ the random forest method to obtain final classification results. Experimental results at the pixel and region levels show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

39SiCrVTiA spring steel is heat-treated and compared with the existing high-strength spring steels 60Si2CrVA and SAE9254 for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), polarization curve and slow strain rate testing (SSRT). The test results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), polarization curve show that the corrosion resistance of 60Si2CrVA was the best, followed by that of SAE9254 and 39SiCrVTIA.However, the test results of the SSRT test show that the three spring steels in 5% NaCl solution possess high SCC susceptibility. The SCC susceptibility of 39SiCrVTiA steel is slightly lower and the stress corrosion ability is better than the other two steels which may be related to its containing Ti, V elements and lower carbon content.

Objective To investigate the perpendicular occlusal condition of the mesially impacted mandibular third molars and its relationship with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). Methods Thirty-seven cases of mesially impacted mandibular wisdom teeth were selected as the observation group, and 20 cases of other oral diseases without the mesially impacted third molars were selected as the control group from Jun 2012 to Sep 2014. Occlusion in the vertical, buccal-lingual and mesial-distal directions were analyzed with occlusion index.Depth of Spee curve was measured by AutoCAD software. Results Prevalence of TMD of observation group (51.4%) was significantly higher than the control group (15.0%), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=7.24, P=0.007). Observation group's vertical abnormal occlusion rate (40.5%) was significantly higher than the control group (10.0%), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P

With the rapid development of society and economy, the public awareness of environmental protection has gradually increased, and urban substation noise has become an environmental issue of concern to residents. In order to study the current status of the noise environment of urban substations, to guide the management of substation noise and the construction of transmission and transformation projects, this article selects 50 110kV indoor substations as objects, and measures their boundary noise. By analyzing the characteristics of the noise source of the substation with excessive noise and various noise reduction measures, the noise reduction methods suitable for urban indoor substations are summarized.

Transcription factor activities (TFAs), rather than expression levels, control gene expres- sion and provide valuable information for investigating TF-gene regulations. The underly- ing bimodal or switch-like patterns of TFAs may play important roles in gene regulation. Network Component Analysis (NCA) is a popular method to deduce TFAs and TF-gene control strengths from microarray data. However, it does not directly examine the bimodal- ity of TFAs and it needs the TF-gene connection topology to be a priori known. In this paper, we modify NCA to model gene expression regulation by Binary Factor Analysis (BFA), which directly captures switch-like patterns of TFAs. Moreover, sparse technique is employed on the mixing matrix of BFA, and thus the proposed sparse BYY-BFA al- gorithm, developed under Bayesian Ying-Yang (BYY) learning framework, can not only uncover the latent TFA profile’s switch-like patterns, but also be capable of automatically shutting off the unnecessary connections. Simulation study demonstrates the effectiveness of BYY-BFA, and a preliminary application to Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle data and Escherichia coli carbon source transition data shows that the reconstructed binary pat- terns of TFAs by BYY-BFA are consistent with the ups and downs of TFAs by NCA, and that BYY-BFA also works well when the network topology is unknown.

An algorithm was proposed to exploit the codes in iterative single-channel blind separation and decoding of two co-frequency modulated signals with long-constraint channel codes.The output log-likelihood ratio（LLR） values of the decoder were used as a prior LLR fed back to the separator to improve the separation performance.Special emphases were laid on soft input soft output blind separation,maximum a posteriori（MAP） decoding and LLR interaction between separator and decoder.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can make a significant improvement in per-formance over the algorithms without iterations.For BPSK signals with（2,1,6） convolutional codes and random inter-leaving,a gain of about 2dB in signal-noise ratio can be obtained after two iterations.

An analysis method on network capacity of belt freeway based on road network reserve capacity is put forward in this paper. Through the introduction of multiple multiplier, the method can simply analyse the maximum traffic volume contained by belt freeway in the conditions of a given network basic demand and meeting the constraints of road traffic capacity and service level. In comparison to the traditional method, the proposed method takes into consideration actual network structure, OD flow distribution, the traveller choosing the way, etc. Additionally, the analysis conclusion is more consistent with the actual situation. Analysis results of belt freeway capacity of Yancheng city in China show that the presented method is not only simple and practical, but also can objectively reflect the status of the belt freeway capacity, and provide a basis for decision-making of belt freeway expansion and urban expressway construction.

Abstract CdS-based nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted extensive interest due to their potential application as key luminescent materials for blue and white LEDs. In this research, the continuous synthesis of monodisperse CdS NCs was demonstrated utilizing a capillary microreactor. The enhanced heat and mass transfer in the microreactor was useful to reduce the reaction temperature and residence time to synthesize monodisperse CdS NCs. The superior stability of the microreactor and its continuous operation allowed the investigation of synthesis parameters with high efficiency. Reaction temperature was found to be a key parameter for balancing the reactivity of CdS precursors, while residence time was shown to be an important factor that governs the size and size distribution of the CdS NCs. Furthermore, variation of OA concentration was demonstrated to be a facile tuning mechanism for controlling the size of the CdS NCs. The variation of the volume percentage of OA from 10.5 to 51.2% and the variation of the residence time from 17 to 136 s facilitated the synthesis of monodisperse CdS NCs in the size range of 3.0–5.4 nm, and the NCs produced photoluminescent emissions in the range of 391–463 nm.

Abstract Microreaction provides a controllable tool to synthesize CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) in an accelerated fashion. However, the surface traps created during the fast growth usually result in low photoluminescence (PL) efficiency for the formed products. Herein, the reproducible synthesis of highly luminescent CdSe NCs directly in open air was reported, with a microreactor as the controllable reaction tool. Spectra investigation elucidated that applying OLA both in Se and Cd stock solutions could advantageously promote the diffusion between the two precursors, resulting in narrow full-width-at-half maximum (FWHM) of PL (26 nm). Meanwhile, the addition of OLA in the source solution was demonstrated helpful to improve the reactivity of Cd monomer. In this case, the focus of size distribution was accomplished during the early reaction stage. Furthermore, if the volume percentage (vol.%) of OLA in the precursors exceeded a threshold of 37.5%, the resulted CdSe NCs demonstrated long-term fixing of size distribution up to 300 s. The observed phenomena facilitated the preparation of a size series of monodisperse CdSe NCs merely by the variation of residence time. With the volume percentage of OLA as 37.5% in the source solution, a 78 nm tuning of PL spectra (from 507 to 585) was obtained through the variation of residence time from 2 s to 160 s, while maintaining narrow FMWH of PL (26–31 nm) and high QY of PL (35–55%).

AbstractQuantum dots with emission in the spectral region from 525 to 535 nm are of special interest for their application in green LEDs and white-light generation, where CdSe/ZnS core-shell structured nanocrystals (NCs) are among promising candidates. In this study, triple-ligand system (trioctylphosphine oxide–oleic acid–oleylamine) was designed to improve the stability of CdSe NCs during the early reaction stage. With the precisely controlled reaction temperature (285 °C) and residence time (10 s) by the recently introduced microfluidic reaction technology, green luminescent CdSe NCs (λ = 522 nm) exhibiting narrow FWHM of PL (30 nm) was reproducibly obtained. After that, CdSe/ZnS core-shell NCs were achieved with efficient luminescence in the pure green spectral region, which demonstrated high PL QY up to 70% and narrow PL FWHM as 30 nm. The strengthened mass and heat transfer in the microchannel allowed the formation of highly luminescent CdSe/ZnS NCs under low reaction temperature and short residence time (T = 120 °C,t = 10 s). The successful formation of ZnS layer was evidence of the substantial improvement of PL intensity, being further confirmed by XRD, HRTEM, and EDS study.

This paper puts forward the concept of key strata in immediate roof (KSIF) and studied the dynamic effect and control mechanism of KSIF. The results show that KSIR controls the caving of its upper immediate roof strata; the break of KSIR has direct dynamic impact on its lower strata and this impact increases along with the increase of the thickness and hardness of the KSIR and the decrease of the distance to the working seam. The KSIR and main roof can easily form the bilayer structure “Cantilever-Masonry beam.” Support work load is affected by the position, thickness, and hardness of KSIR. The support work load increased on the condition of increase of the thickness and hardness of KSIR and the decrease of the distance to the face.

In this paper, we consider separation and decoding for two QPSK signals, which have the same symbol rates. However, the complexity of the present method is too high. To solve this question, an algorithm based on lattice reduction and joint iteration is proposed to enhance the separation performance. The complexity is greatly reduced while retains considerable performance. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.

Abstract Background Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease in terms of transcriptional aberrations; moreover, microarray gene expression profiles had defined 5 molecular subtypes based on certain intrinsic genes. This study aimed to evaluate the prediction consistency of breast cancer molecular subtypes from 3 distinct intrinsic gene sets (Sørlie 500, Hu 306 and PAM50) as well as clinical presentations of each molecualr subtype in Han Chinese population. Methods In all, 169 breast cancer samples (44 from Taiwan and 125 from China) of Han Chinese population were gathered, and the gene expression features corresponding to 3 distinct intrinsic gene sets (Sørlie 500, Hu 306 and PAM50) were retrieved for molecular subtype prediction. Results For Sørlie 500 and Hu 306 intrinsic gene set, mean-centring of genes and distance-weighted discrimination (DWD) remarkably reduced the number of unclassified cases. Regarding pairwise agreement, the highest predictive consistency was found between Hu 306 and PAM50. In all, 150 and 126 samples were assigned into identical subtypes by both Hu 306 and PAM50 genes, under mean-centring and DWD. Luminal B tended to show a higher nuclear grade and have more HER2 over-expression status than luminal A did. No basal-like breast tumours were ER positive, and most HER2-enriched breast tumours showed HER2 over-expression, whereas, only two-thirds of ER negativity/HER2 over-expression tumros were predicted as HER2-enriched molecular subtype. For 44 Taiwanese breast cancers with survival data, a better prognosis of luminal A than luminal B subtype in ER-postive breast cancers and a better prognosis of basal-like than HER2-enriched subtype in ER-negative breast cancers was observed. Conclusions We suggest that the intrinsic signature Hu 306 or PAM50 be used for breast cancers in the Han Chinese population during molecular subtyping. For the prognostic value and decision making based on intrinsic subtypes, further prospective study with longer survival data is needed.

Abstract Background Circular Binary Segmentation (CBS) is a permutation-based algorithm for array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) data analysis. CBS accurately segments data by detecting change-points using a maximal-t test; but extensive computational burden is involved for evaluating the significance of change-points using permutations. A recent implementation utilizing a hybrid method and early stopping rules (hybrid CBS) to improve the performance in speed was subsequently proposed. However, a time analysis revealed that a major portion of computation time of the hybrid CBS was still spent on permutation. In addition, what the hybrid method provides is an approximation of the significance upper bound or lower bound, not an approximation of the significance of change-points itself. Results We developed a novel model-based algorithm, extreme-value based CBS (eCBS), which limits permutations and provides robust results without loss of accuracy. Thousands of aCGH data under null hypothesis were simulated in advance based on a variety of non-normal assumptions, and the corresponding maximal-t distribution was modeled by the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution. The modeling results, which associate characteristics of aCGH data to the GEV parameters, constitute lookup tables (eXtreme model). Using the eXtreme model, the significance of change-points could be evaluated in a constant time complexity through a table lookup process. Conclusions A novel algorithm, eCBS, was developed in this study. The current implementation of eCBS consistently outperforms the hybrid CBS 4× to 20× in computation time without loss of accuracy. Source codes, supplementary materials, supplementary figures, and supplementary tables can be found at http://ntumaps.cgm.ntu.edu.tw/eCBSsupplementary.

Purpose: Adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with breast cancer generally have poor prognoses and a higher risk of secondary cancers compared to those at the same cancer stage. Notably, AYA patients in Asia exhibit a higher incidence rate of breast cancer, with Luminal A as the predominant molecular subtype, which contrasts with the trends observed in Western countries. This study aims to compare the efficacy of Taxane/Anthracycline combination-based regimens (TACB) versus Anthracycline-based regimens (AB) in AYA patients with stage I-II breast cancer, focusing on different molecular subtypes., Methods: This study utilized data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) and the Taiwan Cancer Registry (TCR) from 2011 to 2019. The study cohort included patients aged 15 to 39 years who were diagnosed with stage I-II breast cancer and received either TACB or AB regimens. Propensity score matching and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) for recurrence., Results: The results showed that TACB regimens significantly reduced the risk of recurrence compared to AB regimens across all patients (aHR 0.73, 95% CI 0.55-0.97). Specifically, for low/middle-recurrence risk groups, the aHR was 0.68 (95% CI 0.49-0.96), and for high-recurrence risk groups, it was 0.43 (95% CI 0.21-0.87). The analysis further indicated no significant differences in recurrence risk between AYA and non-AYA patients using TACB regimens., Conclusion: The TACB regimens showed a more favorable prognosis than AB regimens across all molecular subtypes. Furthermore, TACB regimens not only outperformed AB treatments but also closed the gap in prognostic outcomes between AYA and non-AYA patients. We believe the findings of this study are highly reliable and can provide valuable guidance for physicians in choosing the most appropriate treatment strategies for AYA patients with stage I-II breast cancer., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Tuberculosis (TB) is still an urgent global public health problem. Notably, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells play an important role in early anti-TB immune response. Targeted control of them may be an effective method to improve vaccine efficacy and TB treatment. However, the biology and signal regulation mechanisms of MAIT cells in TB patients are still poorly understood. Previous studies have been limited by the lack of reagents to specifically identify MAIT cells. In addition, the use of alternative markers may subsume non-MAIT cell into MAIT cell populations. In this study, the human MR1 tetramer which can specifically identify MAIT cells was used to further explore the effect and mechanism of MAIT cells in anti-TB immune response. Our results showed that the tetramer + MAIT cells in peripheral blood of TB patients were mainly CD8 + or CD4 - CD8 - cells, and very few were CD4 + cells. After BCG infecting autologous antigen-presenting cells, MAIT cells in patients produced significantly higher levels of cytokines, lysis and proliferation compared with healthy controls. After suppression of mTORC1 by the mTORC1-specific inhibitor rapamycin, the immune response of MAIT cells in patients was significantly reduced. This study demonstrates that peripheral blood tetramer + MAIT cells from TB patients have significant anti-TB immune effect, which is regulated by mTORC1. This could provide ideas and potential therapeutic targets for the development of novel anti-TB immunotherapy., (© 2024 The Author(s). Immunology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: The challenge of preventing in-patient falls remains one of the most critical concerns in health care., Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of an integrated Internet of Things (IoT) smart patient care system on fall prevention., Methods: A quasi-experimental study design is used. The smart patient care system is an integrated IoT system combining a motion-sensing mattress for bed-exit detection, specifying different types of patient calls, integrating a health care staff scheduling system, and allowing health care staff to receive and respond to alarms via mobile devices. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between the use of the IoT system and bedside falls compared with a traditional patient care system., Results: In total, 1300 patients were recruited from a medical center in Taiwan. The IoT patient care system detected an average of 13.5 potential falls per day without any false alarms, whereas the traditional system issued about 11 bed-exit alarms daily, with approximately 4 being false, effectively identifying 7 potential falls. The bedside fall incidence during hospitalization was 1.2% (n=8) in the traditional patient care system ward and 0.1% (n=1) in the smart ward. We found that the likelihood of bedside falls in wards with the IoT system was reduced by 88% (odds ratio 0.12, 95% CI 0.01-0.97; P=.047)., Conclusions: The integrated IoT smart patient care system might prevent falls by assisting health care staff with efficient and resilient responses to bed-exit detection. Future product development and research are recommended to introduce IoT into patient care systems combining bed-exit alerts to prevent inpatient falls and address challenges in patient safety., (©Ming-Huan Wen, Po-Yin Chen, Shirling Lin, Ching-Wen Lien, Sheng-Hsiang Tu, Ching-Yi Chueh, Ying-Fang Wu, Kelvin Tan Cheng Kian, Yeh-Liang Hsu, Dorothy Bai. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 03.10.2024.)

α9-nAChR, a subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, is significantly overexpressed in female breast cancer tumor tissues compared to normal tissues. Previous studies have proposed that specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CHRNA9 (α9-nAChR) gene are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in interaction with smoking. The study conducted a breast cancer risk assessment of the α9-nAChR SNP rs10009228 (NM&#95;017581.4:c.1325A > G) in the Taiwanese female population, including 308 breast cancer patients and 198 healthy controls revealed that individuals with the heterozygous A/G or A/A wild genotype have an increased susceptibility to developing breast cancer in the presence of smoking compared to carriers of the G/G variant genotype. Our investigation confirmed the presence of this missense variation, resulting in an alteration of the amino acid sequence from asparagine (N442) to serine (S442) to facilitate phosphorylation within the α9-nAchR protein. Additionally, overexpression of N442 (A/A) in breast cancer cells significantly enhanced cell survival, migration, and cancer stemness compared to S442 (G/G). Four-line triple-negative breast cancer patient-derived xenograft (TNBC-PDX) models with distinct α9-nAChR rs10009228 SNP genotypes (A/A, A/G, G/G) further demonstrated that chronic nicotine exposure accelerated tumor growth through sustained activation of the α9-nAChR downstream oncogenic AKT/ERK/STAT3 pathway, particularly in individuals with the A/G or A/A genotype. Collectively, our study established the links between genetic variations in α9-nAChR and smoking exposure in promoting breast tumor development. This emphasizes the need to consider gene-environment interactions carefully while developing effective breast cancer prevention and treatment strategies., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Male fertility and metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes, are closely connected. Since hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome are strongly related, male fertility and hyperuricemia may, to some degree, be associated. According to recent studies, hyperuricemia imposes various effects on sex hormones, semen quality, and male erectile dysfunction. Some researchers claim that uric acid worsens male semen and raises the risk of erectile dysfunction (ED), while others state that it safeguards both penile erection and male semen. Additionally, it has been shown that gout and metabolic syndrome also raise the risk of ED. To clarify this controversy, the influence and potential mechanisms of hyperuricemia on ED, semen quality, sex hormone levels, and the effects of hyperuricemia-related disorders on ED will be comprehensively summarized., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Society for Reproductive Investigation.)

Controversy surrounds the role of serum uric acid and whether treatment intervention is favorable in retarding the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The association of serum uric acid levels and CKD patient mortality risk needs to be further determined by large sample cohort studies. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants with CKD from 1998 to 2017 were enrolled in the study. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to reveal the association of serum uric acid concentrations and CKD mortality risks. A total of 9891 CKD patients were enrolled in the study, and 3698 individuals died during the follow-up. Increasing serum uric acid levels are independently relevant to higher mortality risks of CKD patients (HR per SD increase). A restricted cubic spline curve showed a nonlinear association between serum uric acid and CKD mortality risks (p for nonlinearity = 0.046). CKD patients with higher levels of serum uric acid (≥ 5.900 mg/dL) show a significant increase in mortality risks (HR = 1.102, 95% CI 1.043-1.165). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the results were stable and robust. High serum uric acid levels (≥ 5.900 mg/dL) may be associated with increased mortality risks in CKD patients., (© 2024. The Author(s).)