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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic, non-specific inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract including primarily Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, which are affected by multiple factors. Periodontitis is a type of disease characterized by plaque biofilm as the initiating factor and chronic destruction of alveolar bone via resorption. An increasing number of studies have reported a correlation between periodontitis and IBD, but the relationship between the two remains unclear. In this study, we explore the internal relationships between the two diseases from three dimensions, including epidemiological, biological, and associated treatment evidence. Based on epidemiological evidence, periodontitis was found to be associated with an increased risk of IBD, which also affects periodontal health, although the bidirectional correlation needs to be further studied by expanding the number of data sources. From the biological evidence, both clinical studies and animal experiments show that IBD and periodontitis are interconnected. Based on evidence from association therapy, drugs that are beneficial for the treatment of IBD are also effective in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis. In addition, drugs that are good for improving periodontitis can also significantly alleviate IBD. The interaction mechanism between IBD and periodontitis includes the microbial pathway and the immunization route. The microbial pathway refers to the increase in the probability of intestinal tract ectopic colonization by oral bacteria transmitted through the mouth-gut axis or blood, resulting from the increase in the proportion of opportunistic pathogens in the oral cavity of patients with periodontitis and the influence of IBD on the secretion of gastric juice and the balance of intestinal flora. These microorganisms further aggravate IBD inflammation by releasing virulence factors, destroying the intestinal mucosal barrier, and triggering inflammatory responses. In periodontitis, adaptive immunity is activated in the mouth, leading to the production of a large number of immune cells, including Th17 containing the intestinal homing marker α4β7 integrin on their surface. Increased ligand expression of α4β7 integrin in the intestinal mucosa of patients with IBD accelerates oral Th17 cell transfer to the intestine, thereby worsening intestinal inflammation. In parallel, the abnormal expression of cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, IL-21, soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), IL-23, and INF-γ, in the oral cavity of patients with IBD was observed, suggesting that IBD may affect periodontitis through immunity. These cytokines represent targets for the treatment of both diseases and provide a research direction for their prevention and treatment in the future.

The digestion and retrogradation performance of chestnut starch constrains the development of chestnut food industry. It is of great significance to select reasonable processing methods to regulate the digestion and retrogradation properties for the development of nutritious and healthy chestnut foods with high quality. Therefore, the effects of pullulanase enzymatic hydrolysis coupled with hydrothermal treatment on digestibility, long-term retrogradation and multi-scale structure of chestnut starch were investigated. Results showed that enzymatic hydrolysis increased amylose content, and changed chain length distribution. Short-range ordered and crystalline structures were also improved, and the starch digestibility were also reduced. Hydrothermal treatment promoted starch chain interactions, and improved short-range ordered, crystalline and nano-aggregate structures of starch, leading to the lower starch digestibility. During long-term retrogradation, due to the increase of shorter A chains and the decrease of B1 chains which are easy to rearrange, starch crystalline and nano-aggregate structures decreased, which retarded starch retrogradation. Hydrothermal treatment promoted the interactions among A chains and other molecules, and further inhibited the degree of starch molecule rearrangement, which could lead to the lower degree of retrogradation. Therefore, enzymatic hydrolysis coupled with hydrothermal treatment can be used as an effective method to regulate the digestion and retrogradation performance of starch, which could promote the development of chestnut starch-based foods with slower digestion rate and lower retrogradation degree.

With the development of quantum computers, the classical public key encryption system is not capable enough to guarantee the communication security of internet of things (IoT).Because the mathematical puzzles which post-quantum encryption algorithms are based on cannot yet be broken by quantum computers, these new algorithms have good anti-quantum computing security.In particular, the lattice-based cryptography is expected to become the main technology of the next generation public key cryptosystem.However, post-quantum encryption algorithms have the disadvantages of large amount of computation and high storage space.The communication efficiency of IoT will be affected if post-quantum encryption algorithms are directly applied to the lightweight device under IoT environment.In order to better guarantee the communication security and improve the commutation efficiency of IoT, Sym-BRLWE (symmetrical binary RLWE) encryption scheme was proposed.Sym-BRLWE was improved from the existing post-quantum encryption scheme based on BRLWE (binary ringlearning with errors) problem.Specifically, Sym-BRLWE encryption algorithm met the efficiency requirements of IoT via improving the random number selection on the discrete uniform distribution and the calculation of the polynomial multiplication.Sym-BRLWE encryption algorithm achieved high efficiency and high security via adding encryption security precautions, then it is more suitable for IoT lightweight devices.From the security analysis, the proposed Sym-BRLWE encryption scheme had high security.It could theoretically resist lattice attacks, timing attacks, simple power analysis (SPA) and differential power analysis (DPA).From simulation experiments, which were carried out in a binary computing environment simulating an 8-bit micro-device, the proposed Sym-BRLWE encryption scheme has high efficiency and small key size in encryption and decryption.It could reduce the total encryption time by 30% to 40% when compared with other BRLWE-based encryption schemes with the parameter selection of the 140 bit quantum security level.