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The coronavirus pandemic affects the lifestyle, mental and physical health of people, especially those at direct risk of becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2. In the period from November 2020 to February 2021, data were collected from 296 healthcare workers through the GAD-7 generalized anxiety questionnaire, as well as through self-assessment of their physical and mental health status, and the degree of perceiving the coronavirus as a threat. The results show that about one-third of the participating healthcare workers experienced mild generalized anxiety, and about one-fifth of them, moderate or severe symptoms of anxiety. Health professionals with the highest generalized anxiety were younger, with deteriorated physical and mental health (not only subjectively estimated by the participants but also objectively diagnosed health workers with coronavirus), less religious, having an intimate partner. More perceived threat of coronavirus was associated with increased generalized anxiety in healthcare professionals. Healthcare workers with a higher level of generalized anxiety were more likely to have difficulties doing their jobs, taking care of things at home, or getting along with other people. The anxiety experienced is of immense importance for the functioning of the individual. It is recommendable for healthcare specialists to feel that they receive social support to reduce their anxiety levels and to better balance their work and personal life, having more free time to take care of themselves and their close relationships.

The eye diseases cause sufferings, affect the quality of life of the patient, and decrease the level of his/her well-being. The disability, related to the diminution of vision, is an indicator for the medical condition of the population, state of morality and ethics in the society, and it may be corrective in the work of healthcare professionals. The aim of the study is an analysis of the significance and extent of the problem with reference to the quality of life of patients with poor vision. The task is an exploration of the quality of life in connection with eye disability, which to assist in selecting appropriate measures regarding the problem. The glaucoma is a serious, socially significant disease, which may lead to considerable loss of vision and to blindness if let untreated. A study of the primary disability during the period from the year 2005 to 2012, in Eastern Bulgaria, demonstrated that the glaucoma is a leading cause of bilateral blindness. The degree of vision reduction causes a considerable impact on the quality of life. The factor age influences negatively the quality of life in patients with loss of vision. The poorest quality of life (QoL) had the oldest, and the persons below 40 years of age. The assessment of the disability, and of the worsened QoL for patients with eye diseases and their families, as well as for the Bulgarian society, is of primary significance for the creation of positive practices as performing of screening programs, etc.

The planning may be determined as prediction and prognosis making of human resources in a long-term plan, in conformity with the aims of the particular healthcare institution. It is prepared by the medical manager based on different analyses and prognoses with the purpose of ensuring the needed number of human resources. The aim of the study is an exploration of some of the reasons for the shortage of human resources in the healthcare system. In order to be achieved the realization of the aim set, a task was assigned for analysis of the main aspects of human resource planning in the healthcare system. Data from available scientific sources on the subject were used; they were published in different scientific issues. The results from the study demonstrate that the human resource planning is usually determined by the volume of work, however, due to the specificity of the activities in the health care system, it is usually determined by the type of labour functions – basic, governing, assisting. The future needs of personnel are fully determined by the mission, strategy, and aims of the organization. A conclusion may be drawn that the human resource planning is a necessary condition for effective management of human resources, and it has a significant and decisive role in the prosperity of the particular hospital.

The traumas of eye and orbit are important for the ophthalmological practice because they are a leading cause of the irreversible blindness of people employable by age. The main method is comparative analysis of the data. Data from scientific literature on the subject were used in connection with the analysis. Results and discussion: The main types of injuries of the eye are reviewed in the article. The therapeutic measures in the presence of injury to an eye - according to its type and severity - are discussed. Conclusion: The injuries of the eye and its accessory organs are among the leading causes for irreversible blindness of people employable by age and have a social and economic effect.

Public healthcare is a field, in which the limited resources must be distributed upon competition between the different necessities of patients and in the setting of rivalry between health care institutions providing medical services. The aim of the study is disclosure of the factors, which influence the state and activity of two healthcare institutions for specialized medical aid in Sofia City. The task of analysis of the marketing plans of two diagnostics and consultancy centre DCCs) was assigned for the period from the year 2016 to 2018. The analysis of the medical and demographic state of the population of Metropolitan Municipality showed that it is necessary efforts to be directed to complete enveloping of the population of up to 18 years of age and above 45 years of age with prophylactic examinations and their enveloping in groups of outpatient registration. The examinations based on outpatient registration were approximately 4% of the total scope of the activity of "DCC XXIInd-Sofia" and about 10% of the total scope of activity of "DCC XXIVth-Sofia". The analysis of the necessities from medical services and the possibilities of their offering showed that the usability of the capacity of XXIVth DCC was 61%, while the usability of the capacity of XXIInd DCC was 91%. The attention of the administration of health care institutions for specialized pre-hospital medical aid must be directed to contractual relations with the firms by voluntary health insurance companies or by the services of occupational medicine.

The main aim of the study is monitoring of the condition and developing of the resource opportunities of two diagnostics and consultancy centres (DCC) for the period from the year 2016 to 2018. The main method is comparative analysis of data for two healthcare institutions for specialized pre-hospital medical aid, which serve the population in different districts of Sofia for the period from the year 2016 to 2018. It was found - upon analysis of the personnel potential - that at XXIInd DCC the correlation between doctors/nurses is 1/0.25, which is below the frames of requirements of the modern standards for qualitative healthcare service of patients in that type of health care institutions and makes difficult the work of healthcare professionals. At XXIVth DCC - with a lower number of personnel - there was a higher relative share of administration as compared to XXIInd DCC. The correlation between doctors/nurses at XXIVth DCC was within the frames of requirements, which - along with other parameters - argues for a more effective management of resources and work. The management in both diagnostics and consultancy centres is directed towards administration of personnel, medical and subsidiary activities, ways of providing medical services and prices of provided medical aid.

which brings about a competitive environment for an increase of the quality of services offered. The aim of the study is making evident the recommendatory strategies of a health care institution for specialized pre-hospital medical aid in Sofia City for activity performed in the period from the year 2016 to 2018. The task assigned is an analysis of the opportunities for the widening of the activity, products, and markets of "DCC XXIVth-Sofia" EOOD. The chosen healthcare institution is active in a competitive environment in Sofia City, and in the district that it serves. Data from the health care institution, data from the institutions of National Statistics, and scientific literature on the topic were used in connection with the analysis. Some essential approaches of management were applied - analysis of the market share, and SWOT analysis, for determination of strategy. The conclusions of the analysis performed showed four possible strategies of advance in development and opportunities for activity in each of them. The administration of "DCC XXIVth-Sofia" EOOD had opportunities to all practical purposes for minimization of the negative effects, induced by the weaknesses and threats, and to successfully develop the activity - during the period from the year 2016 to 2018. Both the activity of the healthcare institution and the public health services of the population in the corresponding village/town/city depend on the choice of the administration and on its execution by the personnel.

Glaucoma is a disease, which results in definitive vision reduction. The aim of this study is an analysis of the differences in eye impairments in connection with the progression of glaucoma in different age groups (children and adults). A documentary method of investigation of scientific sources, based on clinical practice, is applied. The methodology of the study comprises investigation of causes and manifestations of the disease and its typology. The specific variety in the manifestation of glaucoma is established in children and adults. Excavation of the optic nerve occurs in the adult persons, because the eyeball is already thickened, and collagen is dense. The eye begins to swell in children because the tissues are more loose; the eyeball becomes bigger, and enlargement of cornea and sclera occurs. Children and adults with the diagnosis of glaucoma have a different way of eye impairment. The early establishment and identification of symptoms prevent from the progression of the losses in the visual field, and from blindness, by means of appropriate treatment.

Glaucoma is characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP), which results in impairment of the optic nerve and vision both in children and adults. The aim of the study is an analysis of the distinguishing characteristics of diagnostics and therapy of glaucoma in children and adults. A documentary method of investigation of scientific sources - based on clinical practice - is applied. The methodology of study comprises investigation of the diagnostics of glaucoma and of the methods for its treatment. It was found that the specification of diagnosis of glaucoma is possible after confirmation of the results from the application of different methods and examinations, which were described. The methods of the present day for medicinal and surgical treatment were systematized. The monitoring of the condition of eyes and vision for early detection of abnormalities is an important part of the cares for the general health in every human age.

The stress contributes to almost all medical illnesses while the acute and chronic stress - related to work - is a primary cause of such life-threatening conditions as myocardial infarction, brain stroke, etc. The aim of the current study is an investigation of the methods for team building related to prevention and therapy in connection with acute or chronic stress. The accomplishment of the aim set is achieved by means of assessment of the applicability of laughter therapy, as a method for team building suitable in practice. It was found that the laughter therapy may help reduction of stress and tension, improvement of the quality of work, strengthening of the social relations and interrelations, etc. Increasingly more studies maintain the theory that the laughter may have therapeutic value and brings about physical benefits to the particular individual, as a member of the personnel. The laughter is a part of human behavior, and it helps people to clarify their intentions in the social interaction. The laughter is used as a signal for accepting the positive interactions with other people and is a precondition for friendly attitude in the working environment as well. Conclusions may be drawn that the laughter therapy is a suitable method for team building; the laughter therapy is appropriate for everyone as a means for the alleviation of stress, and it has a positive impact on the working process. In terms of business, a positive assessment of the methods for pulling together of members of the collective (team building) may be given by a way which has subsequent positive consequences on their work.

The disaster situations have become more and more frequent for the last decade, and they have intensified the manifestation of fragmentation of the modern society, bringing about a sense of helplessness. In those conditions, the art therapeutic groups provide a sense of connection with the other people and interpersonal support. The aim of the current study is an examination of the way, by which the brain and body react to events causing an acute stress reaction. Assessment of art therapy applicability and helpfulness is done in connection with disaster situations, and comparative analysis of the main approaches and methods, used in practice of work with people who had suffered traumatic events. The results of the study show that the new type of art therapists may disclose an emotional problem, related to trauma sustained, that the client cannot cope with on his/her own. The focus - in connection with the choice of method - is concentrated on the therapeutic needs of the person. In terms of the particular individual, the different methods of art therapy create a medium for the achievement of alleviation from insurmountable emotions or traumas. In social terms, the latter methods help to be achieved an increase of the sense for social adaptation of people from all ages, and of whole families. In conclusion, it may be stated, that the use of different forms of support after disaster situations, has major significance for recovery and maintenance of the physical, emotional, and mental health of the population.