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Understanding telescope pointing (i.e., line of sight) is important for observing the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and astronomical objects. The Moon is a candidate astronomical source for pointing calibration. Although the visible size of the Moon ($\ang{;30}$) is larger than that of the planets, we can frequently observe the Moon once a month with a high signal-to-noise ratio. We developed a method for performing pointing calibration using observational data from the Moon. We considered the tilts of the telescope axes as well as the encoder and collimation offsets for pointing calibration. In addition, we evaluated the effects of the nonuniformity of the brightness temperature of the Moon, which is a dominant systematic error. As a result, we successfully achieved a pointing accuracy of $\ang{;3.3}$. This is one order of magnitude smaller than an angular resolution of $\ang{;36}$. This level of accuracy competes with past achievements in other ground-based CMB experiments using observational data from the planets., Comment: 18 pages, 17 figures, 3 tables

When a symmetry-breaking phase of matter is suppressed to a quantum critical point (QCP) at absolute zero, quantum-mechanical fluctuations proliferate. Such fluctuations can lead to unconventional superconductivity, as evidenced by the superconducting domes often found near magnetic QCPs in correlated materials. However, it remains unclear whether this superconductivity mechanism holds for QCPs of the electronic nematic phase, characterized by rotational symmetry breaking. Here, we demonstrate from systematic elastoresistivity measurements that nonmagnetic FeSe$_{1-x}$Te$_{x}$ exhibits an electronic nematic QCP showing diverging nematic susceptibility. This finding establishes two nematic QCPs in FeSe-based superconductors with contrasting accompanying phase diagrams. In FeSe$_{1-x}$Te$_{x}$, a superconducting dome is centered at the QCP, whereas FeSe$_{1-x}$S$_{x}$ shows no QCP-associated enhancement of superconductivity. We find that this difference is related to the relative strength of nematic and spin fluctuations. Our results in FeSe$_{1-x}$Te$_{x}$ present the first case in support of the superconducting dome being associated with the pure nematic QCP., Comment: Submitted version. 9 pages, 7 figures (including Supplementary Information)

Electronic nematic states with broken rotational symmetry often emerge in correlated materials. In most iron-based superconductors, the nematic anisotropy is oriented in the Fe-Fe direction of the iron square lattice. Recently, a novel type of nematicity along the diagonal Fe-As direction has been suggested in heavily hole-doped $A$Fe$_2$As$_2$ ($A=$ Rb or Cs). However, the transport studies focusing on the fluctuations of such nematicity have provided controversial results regarding the presence of diagonal nematic order. Here we report high-resolution heat capacity measurements under in-plane field rotation in RbFe$_2$As$_2$. While the temperature dependence of specific heat shows no discernible anomaly associated with the nematic transition, the field-angle dependence of specific heat near the superconducting transition (at $\sim 2.8$ K) reveals clear two-fold oscillations within the plane, providing thermodynamic evidence for the diagonal nematicity. Moreover, we find that M\"ossbauer spectroscopy sensitively probes the nematic transition at $\sim 50$ K with no evidence of static magnetism. These results imply that the diagonal nematicity in RbFe$_2$As$_2$ has a unique mechanism involving charge degrees of freedom, having unusual thermodynamic properties of the transition., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

Electronic nematicity, a correlated state that spontaneously breaks rotational symmetry, is observed in several layered quantum materials. In contrast to their liquid-crystal counterparts, the nematic director cannot usually point in an arbitrary direction (XY nematics), but is locked by the crystal to discrete directions (Ising nematics),resulting in strongly anisotropic fluctuations above the transition. Here, we report on the observation of nearly isotropic XY-nematic fluctuations, via elastoresistance measurements, in hole-doped Ba$_{1-x}$Rb$_{x}$Fe$_{2}$As$_{2}$ iron-based superconductors. While for $x=0$ the nematic director points along the in-plane diagonals of the tetragonal lattice, for $x=1$ it points along the horizontal and vertical axes. Remarkably, for intermediate doping, the susceptibilities of these two symmetry-irreducible nematic channels display comparable Curie-Weiss behavior, thus revealing a nearly XY-nematic state. This opens a new route to assess this elusive electronic quantum liquid-crystalline state, which is a candidate to host unique phenomena not present in the Ising-nematic case., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures