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One of the constraints to controlling foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in East Africa is the incomplete knowledge of the specific FMD virus (FMDV) strains circulating and the way in which these viruses move across countries in the region. This retrospective study focuses on Ethiopia, which has one of the largest FMD-susceptible livestock populations in Africa. Analyses of FMDV positive samples collected between 2008 and 2019 demonstrate that serotypes O (n = 175), A (n = 51) and SAT 2 (n = 33) were present in the country. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 sequences for these viruses showed that there were at least seven different FMD viral clades circulating during this period: O/EA-3, O/EA-4, A/AFRICA/G-I, A/AFRICA/G-IV, A/AFRICA/G-VII, SAT2/VII and SAT2/XIII. Although these results only represent a snapshot and might not reflect all FMDV lineages that were present, they highlight the importance of serotype O, as well as the complexity and co-existence of FMDV serotypes in Ethiopia and surrounding countries. These sequence data also support the idea that there are two FMDV ecosystems existing in East Africa. Data from retrospective studies, such as these presented here, will be beneficial for vaccine selection and vaccination campaigns to control FMDV within Ethiopia. ispartof: TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES vol:67 issue:6 pages:2983-2992 ispartof: location:Germany status: published

Background: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the contagious and the most economically devastating viral diseases caused by the FMD virus. The present study was conducted with the aim of molecular characterization of the FMD virus isolated from outbreaks that occurred in cattle in two different districts of Amhara regional state of Ethiopia. Samples collected from outbreaks were isolated on BHK-21 cell and serotype were detected using antigen detection ELISA. Phylogenetic and amino acid variability analyses of isolated viruses were undertaken after sequencing the VP1 gene in World Reference Laboratory, Pirbright, UK.Result: In the present study only serotypes O was found in the samples analysed using antigen detection ELISA and in 10 out of 13 (76.9%) cultured samples, virus were isolated on BHK-21 cells. Phylogenetic analysis of these isolates revealed that, they belonged to East Africa topotype-3 (EA-3) and shared 96.6% nucleotide similarity with Sudan’s isolates. A total of 10.3% amino acid variations were recorded between VP1 gene sequences of the field isolates of serotype O FMDV and vaccine strain (O/ETH/38/2005) used in Ethiopia for vacccine production.Conclusion: The phylogenetic analysis serotype O detected in this study revealed that the virus was clustered with East African topotype-3 (EA-3) and exhibited high genetic similarity with isolates from Sudan. A number of amino acid variations were also noted at different sites of VP1 gene when comparing field isolates with the vaccine strain. Thus, to enhance control of FMD in Ethiopia, detailed molecular analysis of the field isolates along with in-vitro vaccine matching tests need to be undertaken at frequent intervals to assess the protective potential of the vaccine strain in use.

With the society’s increasingly urgent need for precision medical services [1,2], only relying on a wealth of practical experience and higher level of knowledge of medical experts and professors is limited, while the traditional diagnosis and treatment technology is limited [3]...

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a trans-boundary viral disease that causes huge economic losses. A field based outbreak study was conducted in September 2016/ 2017 to identify and genetically characterize O serotype from clinical and asymptomatic cases at Welmera district Menagesha kolobo kelebe of central Oromia. The investigation was purposively conducted in the respective farms where outbreak occurred. Accordingly, 50 dairy cattle were clinically examined and about 20 (40%) animals showed sign and clinical lesions of the disease. Accordingly, active epithelial tissues and probang samples were taken from acutely and severely infected animals for virus isolation, typing and genetic detection. These clinical samples were processed for antigen typing and O serotype was isolated from clinical and asymptomatic cases in the farm. The genetic material of this strain was tested by rRT- PCR and the viral genome was detected in the epithelial tissues and probang samples. In conclusion, the study showed that O serotype was circulating in the district. Therefore, foot and mouth disease control should be established based on the availability of potent and matched vaccines against the circulating field strains.