1. The SNO+ Experiment
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Collaboration, SNO, Albanese, V, Alves, R, Anderson, MR, Andringa, S, Anselmo, L, Arushanova, E, Asahi, S, Askins, M, Auty, DJ, Back, AR, Back, S, Barão, F, Barnard, Z, Barr, A, Barros, N, Bartlett, D, Bayes, R, Beaudoin, C, Beier, EW, Berardi, G, Bialek, A, Biller, SD, Blucher, E, Bonventre, R, Boulay, M, Braid, D, Caden, E, Callaghan, EJ, Caravaca, J, Carvalho, J, Cavalli, L, Chauhan, D, Chen, M, Chkvorets, O, Clark, KJ, Cleveland, B, Connors, C, Cookman, D, Coulter, IT, Cox, MA, Cressy, D, Dai, X, Darrach, C, Davis-Purcell, B, Deluce, C, Depatie, MM, Descamps, F, Lodovico, F Di, Dittmer, J, Doxtator, A, Duhaime, N, Duncan, F, Dunger, J, Earle, AD, Fabris, D, Falk, E, Farrugia, A, Fatemighomi, N, Felber, C, Fischer, V, Fletcher, E, Ford, R, Frankiewicz, K, Gagnon, N, Gaur, A, Gauthier, J, Gibson-Foster, A, Gilje, K, González-Reina, OI, Gooding, D, Gorel, P, Graham, K, Grant, C, Grove, J, Grullon, S, Guillian, E, Hall, S, Hallin, AL, Hallman, D, Hans, S, Hartnell, J, Harvey, P, Hedayatipour, M, Heintzelman, WJ, Heise, J, Helmer, RL, Hodak, B, Hodak, M, Hood, M, Horne, D, Hreljac, B, Hu, J, Hussain, SMA, Iida, T, Inácio, AS, Jackson, CM, Jelley, NA, Jillings, CJ, Jones, C, Jones, PG, Kamdin, K, Kaptanoglu, T, Kaspar, J, Keeter, K, Kefelian, C, Khaghani, P, Kippenbrock, L, Klein, JR, Knapik, R, Kofron, J, Kormos, LL, Korte, S, Krar, B, Kraus, C, Krauss, CB, Kroupová, T, Labe, K, Lafleur, F, Lam, I, Lan, C, Land, BJ, Lane, R, Langrock, S, Larochelle, P, Larose, S, LaTorre, A, Lawson, I, Lebanowski, L, Lefeuvre, GM, Leming, EJ, Li, A, Li, O, Lidgard, J, Liggins, B, Liimatainen, P, Lin, YH, Liu, X, Liu, Y, Lozza, V, Luo, M, Maguire, S, Maio, A, Majumdar, K, Manecki, S, Maneira, J, Martin, RD, Marzec, E, Mastbaum, A, Mathewson, A, McCauley, N, McDonald, AB, McFarlane, K, Mekarski, P, Meyer, M, Miller, C, Mills, C, Mlejnek, M, Mony, E, Morissette, B, Morton-Blake, I, Mottram, MJ, Nae, S, Nirkko, M, Nolan, LJ, Novikov, VM, O'Keeffe, HM, O'Sullivan, E, Gann, GD Orebi, Parnell, MJ, Paton, J, Peeters, SJM, Pershing, T, Petriw, Z, Petzoldt, J, Pickard, L, Pracsovics, D, Prior, G, Prouty, JC, Quirk, S, Read, S, Reichold, A, Riccetto, S, Richardson, R, Rigan, M, Ritchie, I, Robertson, A, Robertson, BC, Rose, J, Rosero, R, Rost, PM, Rumleskie, J, Schumaker, MA, Schwendener, MH, Scislowski, D, Secrest, J, Seddighin, M, Segui, L, Seibert, S, Semenec, I, Shaker, F, Shantz, T, Sharma, MK, Shokair, TM, Sibley, L, Sinclair, JR, Singh, K, Skensved, P, Smiley, M, Sonley, T, Sörensen, A, St-Amant, M, Stainforth, R, Stankiewicz, S, Strait, M, Stringer, MI, Stripay, A, Svoboda, R, Tacchino, S, Tam, B, Tanguay, C, Tatar, J, Tian, L, Tolich, N, Tseng, J, Tseung, HWC, Turner, E, Berg, R Van, Vázquez-Jáuregui, E, Veinot, JGC, Virtue, CJ, Krosigk, B von, Walker, JMG, Walker, M, Wallig, J, Walton, SC, Wang, J, Ward, M, Wasalski, O, Waterfield, J, Weigand, JJ, White, RF, Wilson, JR, Winchester, TJ, Woosaree, P, Wright, A, Yanez, JP, Yeh, M, Zhang, T, Zhang, Y, Zhao, T, Zuber, K, and Zummo, A
- Abstract
The SNO+ experiment is located 2 km underground at SNOLAB in Sudbury, Canada. A low background search for neutrinoless double beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay will be conducted using 780 tonnes of liquid scintillator loaded with 3.9 tonnes of natural tellurium, corresponding to 1.3 tonnes of $^{130}$Te. This paper provides a general overview of the SNO+ experiment, including detector design, construction of process plants, commissioning efforts, electronics upgrades, data acquisition systems, and calibration techniques. The SNO+ collaboration is reusing the acrylic vessel, PMT array, and electronics of the SNO detector, having made a number of experimental upgrades and essential adaptations for use with the liquid scintillator. With low backgrounds and a low energy threshold, the SNO+ collaboration will also pursue a rich physics program beyond the search for $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay, including studies of geo- and reactor antineutrinos, supernova and solar neutrinos, and exotic physics such as the search for invisible nucleon decay. The SNO+ approach to the search for $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay is scalable: a future phase with high $^{130}$Te-loading is envisioned to probe an effective Majorana mass in the inverted mass ordering region.
- Published
- 2021