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Additional file 1:. Annex: Data collection tool/Questionaire

Gatjiek Tut Wie, Dereje Tsegaye Department of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Mettu University, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Dereje TsegayeDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Mettu University, EthiopiaEmail deretsegaye@gmail.comBackground: Malnutrition is one of the main health problems facing children under five years of age in developing countries. Undernutrition imposes significant costs on the Ethiopian economy as well as impacting the well-being of the society. The aim of this study was to assess determinants of acute malnutrition among children aged 6– 59 months attending public health facilities in Gambella Town, Southwest Ethiopia, 2019.Methods: An institution-based unmatched case–control study was conducted among children aged 6– 59 months with and without acute malnutrition visiting public health facilities in Gambella town from June 7 to July 21, 2019. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurement was done by standardized calibrated instruments. The collected data were entered onto EpiData™ version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify determinants of acute malnutrition. Statistical significance was declared at P-value of < 0.05.Results: A total of 342 children (114 cases and 228 controls) with mother/care giver pair were interviewed making the response rate 100%. Maternal education (AOR=2.55, 95%CI: 1.02– 6.37), birth order of the child (AOR=3.65, 95%CI: 1.21– 11.03), number of under-five children in the family (AOR=3.40, 95%CI: 1.03– 11.22), immunization status (AOR=4.60, 95%CI: 1.51– 13.99), IYCF counseling (AOR=6.02, 95%CI: 2.91– 12.46), time of initiation of breastfeeding after birth (AOR=2.43, 95%CI: 1.14– 5.17), and diarrhea in the last two weeks preceding the survey (AOR=2.74, 95%CI: 1.32– 5.68) were significantly associated with acute malnutrition among children aged 6– 59 months.Conclusion: This study identified the basic, underlying, and immediate determinants of acute malnutrition among children aged 6– 59 months. Multisectoral collaboration to improve women’s education, IYCF counseling, environmental sanitation, vaccination completion, and prompt seeking of diarrhea treatment to reduce acute malnutrition is required.Keywords: acute malnutrition, children aged 6– 59 months, case–control study

Dereje Tsegaye, Dessalegn Tamiru, Tefera Belachew Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Dereje TsegayeDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, EthiopiaTel +251 911835273Email deretsegaye@gmail.comBackground: Maternal under-nutrition due to macro and micronutrient deficiencies is a challenging public health problem worldwide, disproportionately affecting women in low-income nations. Hence, this study aimed at assessing factors associated with dietary practice and nutritional status of pregnant women in Illu Aba Bor Zone, Southwest Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 randomly selected pregnant women, from May to June, 2019. Socio-demographic and socio-economic data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Dietary Diversity was obtained using a qualitative 24-hr dietary recall method and nutritional status was assessed using mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) measurements. Data were entered onto Epidata version 3.5.3 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors of nutritional status and dietary practice. Odds ratio with 95% Confidence interval was estimated to identify the predictors of the outcome variables. Statistical significance was affirmed at a p-value ≤ 0.05.Results: The prevalence of under-nutrition among the pregnant women was 17.4% and the mean (±SD) dietary diversity score was 4.88 ± 1.27. Family-size (AOR=3, 95% CI: (1.18, 7.21)), wealth status (AOR=3.65 (1.02, 12.99)), household food security (AOR=2.59 (1.21, 5.63)) and birth interval (AOR=2.3 (1.10, 4.87)) were significantly associated with nutritional status of pregnant women. Educational status (AOR = 3.49, 95% (1.53, 7.99)), household food security (AOR = 1.61, 95% (1.02, 2.56)), nutrition knowledge (AOR = 1.74, 95% (1.08, 2.79)), and meal frequency (AOR = 2.88, 95% (1.65, 5.03)) were significantly associated with dietary practice of the respondents.Conclusion: Finding of the study revealed that the prevalence of under-nutrition and poor dietary practice was high which were significantly associated with educational and economic status. Hence, it is imperative to improve the nutritional status of pregnant women, strengthening sustainable income-generating activities and saving strategies.Keywords: dietary diversity, nutritional status, pregnant women, Ethiopia