866 results on '"Tschechische Republik"'
Search Results
2. Zusammenarbeit mit Bibliotheken der Tschechischen Republik: Ein Erfahrungsbericht der Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz.
- Author
-
Malz, Angela
- Subjects
- *
ACADEMIC libraries , *LIBRARIES , *TEAMS , *LIBRARY information networks - Abstract
Chemnitz University Library has been collaborating with Czech libraries on a few projects for some time now. As leading partner in the "Learning Space – Library Information Platform" project the team gained new insights and achieved lasting results. This experience is reported here in more detail, describing the issues addressed in the joint project, and new perspectives gained through the collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. 10 Things I Get From You: The Benefits of Partnerships in the Pursuit of Improvement and Sustainability in Libraries.
- Author
-
Petrak, Ani
- Subjects
- *
LIBRARIES , *GLOBALIZATION , *DIGITAL technology , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation - Abstract
Globalisierung und Digitalisierung führen zu einer immer stärkeren Vernetzung zwischen Einzelpersonen, Gruppen, Organisationen und Bibliotheken. Im Artikel werden zehn höchst sinnvolle Wirkungen solcher Partnerschaften aus Sicht einer Bibliothekarin vorgestellt. Ein Beispiel für die klaren Vorteile einer Zusammenarbeit ist die tschechisch-deutsche Partnerschaft „Bibliothek nebenan" sowie die bilaterale Partnerschaft zwischen der Stadtbibliothek Chemnitz und der Regionalbibliothek Ústí. Partnerschaften und Kooperationen ermöglichen es, die eigenen Schwachstellen besser zu erkennen und zu beheben, den Partner zu stärken und die Vorteile beider Seiten weiterzuentwickeln. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Mythos 1989.
- Author
-
Kasper, Tomáš
- Subjects
EPISTEMIC logic ,EDUCATIONAL objectives ,SOCIALISM ,MARXIST philosophy ,PERSONALITY - Abstract
Copyright of Zeitschrift für Pädagogik is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
5. Tschechien: Herausforderungen durch Polarisierung und Machtfusion
- Author
-
Guasti, Petra, Mansfeldová, Zdenka, Kailitz, Steffen, Series Editor, Pickel, Susanne, Series Editor, Wiesner, Claudia, Series Editor, Verheugen, Günter, editor, Vodička, Karel, editor, and Brusis, Martin, editor
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Grooves on the cortex of the Epigravettian lithic industry in the broader context.
- Author
-
NERUDOVÁ, Zdeňka and LEPCIO, Petr
- Subjects
- *
URBAN research , *PALEOLITHIC Period , *STONE - Abstract
The southern part of the Brno urban agglomeration (Czech Republic) is a crucial region for understanding the Late Upper Palaeolithic (Epigravettian) occupation in Central Europe. Despite limited archaeological research in the urban area, the newly uncovered Brno-Štýřice IIIb site has provided additional information about the character of the Palaeolithic occupation, the hunted fauna, and climate. Our information about the Late Palaeolithic has been increased by recent finds. In this article we present two unique finds, both lithic chipped pieces with grooves on the cortex, found in a well-dated stratigraphic context at the recently excavated area. The different kinds of grooves on the cortex of the chipped stone artefacts can be understood as an example of possible intentional modification of the subjects. We will try to resolve the question of whether these pieces can be understood as non-utilitarian pieces, decorations, symbols (which are rare in the Epigravettian), or if the pieces represent the results of everyday Palaeolithic life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
7. Characteristics of Pinus sylvestris stands infected by Viscum album subsp. austriacum.
- Author
-
Lorenc, František and Véle, Adam
- Subjects
- *
SCOTS pine , *FOREST management , *MISTLETOES , *DEFOLIATION , *NATURE reserves , *PLANT parasites - Abstract
The infection rate (assigned in classes 0-6) of European mistletoe (Viscum album subsp. austriacum [Wiesb.] Vollm.) on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the Czech Republic was analysed from May 2019 to June 2020 in relation to Forest Infrared Index (FII: low, high), stand age (21-50, 51-70 and 71-90 years), tree position (at stand edge, within stand), stem diameter at breast height (DBH) and defoliation (0-10%, > 10-25%, > 25-60% and > 60-99%) in five natural forest areas (NFA). In each NFA, the analysis were done at two locations, one with a low FII and one with a high FII. At each locality and in each of the three stand age categories, the DBH, defoliation and mistletoe infection rate were assessed for 25 trees in the stand edge and 25 trees within the stand. Statistically significant higher mistletoe infection rate was recorded in stands with high FII (higher drought stress), in older stands (highest for 71-90 years followed by 51-70 years) and on trees at the stand edge, that have higher DBH and higher defoliation (highest for > 60-99% followed by > 25-60% and lowest for > 10-25%). The differences between NFAs were also significant. Our results suggest, that (1) selecting drought- and heat-resistant P. sylvestris varieties, (2) focussing plantation efforts to areas with lower temperatures and higher precipitation and (3) the reduction of the rotation period are recommended for Pinus sylvestris forest management in Central Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
8. Die Wirtschafts- und Sozialpolitik in der Tschechischen Republik als Reaktion auf ökonomische Krisen und Aufschwung
- Author
-
Slaný, Antonín, Lipovská, Hana, Lorenz, Astrid, editor, and Formánková, Hana, editor
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Vorzüge und Probleme eines liberal-demokratischen Medienmodells : Medien und Politik in der Tschechischen Republik
- Author
-
Jirák, Jan, Köpplová, Barbara, Lorenz, Astrid, editor, and Formánková, Hana, editor
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Fruit Characteristics of Different Varieties of Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Cultivated in the Czech Republic.
- Author
-
Jurečková, Zuzana, Diviš, Pavel, Cetkovská, Jitka, Vespalcová, Milena, Pořízka, Jaromír, and Řezníček, Vojtěch
- Subjects
FRUIT growing ,FRUIT ,CHERRIES ,VITAMIN C ,FRUIT harvesting - Abstract
The use of the fruit of the Cornus mas L. in the food industry has a long tradition in the Czech Republic. Although these fruits currently belong to marginal species, there is an increasing interest in cultivating this crop. The main goal of the present study was to determine pomological properties of 6 varieties and 4 ecotypes of Cornus mas L. fruit grown in the Czech Republic and to find out whether it is possible to differentiate these varieties and ecotypes from one another by means of analysis of variance of the obtained data. To exclude the impact of climatic conditions, fruits harvested in three seasons (2010–2012) were analysed. The results showed that the chemical composition of Cornus mas L. varieties or ecotypes originating in the Czech Republic ('Ruzynsky', 'Tisnovsky', 'Olomoucky'), Ukraine ('Elegantni', 'Vydubecky', 'Vysegrodsky', 'Lukjanovsky'), Austria ('Fruchtal', 'Jolico') and Slovakia ('Sokolnicky') is significantly different. Varieties or ecotypes of Cornus mas L. originating in the Czech Republic contained high amount of ascorbic acid (avg. 315 mg kg
−1 f.w.). Varieties of Cornus mas originating in Austria were rich in polyphenols (avg. 1728 mg kg−1 f.w.). Slovakian ecotype of Cornus mas 'Sokolnicky' contained the highest amount of citric acid (avg. 0.53 g kg−1 f.w.). Ukrainian varieties were characterized by a higher content of trace elements (avg. 2.41 mg kg−1 Cu and 3.37 mg kg−1 Zn f.w.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Die deutsch-tschechischen Beziehungen europäisch nutzen: ein Bilateralismus mit Mehrwert für die EU
- Author
-
Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik -SWP- Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, Eberle, Jakub, Lang, Kai-Olaf, Handl, Vladimír, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik -SWP- Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, Eberle, Jakub, Lang, Kai-Olaf, and Handl, Vladimír
- Abstract
Die deutsch-tschechischen Beziehungen fanden in den letzten Jahren wenig Aufmerksamkeit, standen sie doch im Schatten der großen europäischen und internationalen Krisen. Nachdem es 2021 in Berlin und Prag zu Regierungswechseln gekommen ist, hat sich das bilaterale Verhältnis spürbar intensiviert, auch weil der Krieg in der Ukraine eine verstärkte Abstimmung erforderlich machte. Deutschland und die Tschechische Republik weichen zwar bei einer Vielzahl europäischer Fragen voneinander ab, etwa in der Debatte über Zukunft, Erweiterung und Reform der EU oder bei der militärischen Unterstützung für die Ukraine. Gleichzeitig aber bestehen zahlreiche Schnittmengen, so dass die Unterschiede keineswegs unüberwindbar sind, zumal beide Länder in der Europapolitik nach wie vor einem pragmatischen Ansatz folgen. Im Gegenteil: Die Spannbreite der Positionen und ein konstruktiver Dialog können die deutsch-tschechischen Beziehungen zu einem der wenigen funktionierenden Bilateralismen mit europäischem Mehrwert machen. (Autorenreferat)
- Published
- 2023
12. Populism and Euro-Mediterranean cooperation: The Barcelona Process 25 years after
- Author
-
Woertz, Eckart, Soler i Lecha, Eduard, Woertz, Eckart, and Soler i Lecha, Eduard
- Abstract
A populist surge in Europe is affecting Euro-Mediterranean cooperation 25 years after the Barcelona Process was launched, reinforcing existing trends of de-Europeanization and renationalization of foreign policies. This article analyses the landscape of political contestation of Mediterranean cooperation in Europe in a new age of populism, focusing on France, Italy and Spain as well as the Visegrad 4 states that have turned from bystanders to veto players in Mediterranean affairs. We find that the 'thick' ideologies from which populists are borrowing condition the thrust of their influence. The impact of right-wing populism trumps that of its left-wing counterpart in quantity and quality, while market-liberal populism is in decline and regional populism is mainly an issue only in Spain. Populism has personalized decision-making and shaped political agendas directly and indirectly, most notably on migration. It has whitewashed authoritarian leaders in the southern Mediterranean and fragmented the European Union's position on key issues such as the Arab-Israeli conflict. National interests and the weight of institutions have, however, formed a counterbalance to the focus on migration emanating from domestic politics. Populism alone cannot be blamed for renationalization trends that have existed before, but it does build on and reinforce them.
- Published
- 2023
13. Kvantifikace fiskálních dopadů uskutečněných reforem zdanění osobních příjmů v České republice
- Author
-
Tepperová, Jana, Pavela, Jan, Arltová, Markéta, Tepperová, Jana, Pavela, Jan, and Arltová, Markéta
- Abstract
Personal income taxation in the Czech Republic has undergone significant changes in the last 20 years. Among main changes is replacing of deductions from the tax base with tax credits in 2006, as well as linking income tax and contributions on compulsory insurance in the form of so-called super-gross wage with the simultaneous introduction of a flat tax rate and introduction of maximum assessment bases for compulsory contributions in 2008. In this paper, we quantify the fiscal impacts of significant changes using macroeconomic and microeconomic approaches. We compare the results within each other, but also with the expected fiscal impact stated in the explanatory reports of the amending laws. The results show good consistency in estimates of the fiscal impact of tax and contribution reforms and confirm four fiscally significant reforms from 2000 to 2018. The expected negative and positive effects of changes in income tax presented in the explanatory reports are generally lower than in our calculations. Improving the quantification of fiscal impacts is essential for the adoption of an efficient and rational tax policy.
- Published
- 2023
14. Otcovský bonus v České republice, jeho vývoj a zdroje
- Author
-
Zajickova, Drahomira, Zajicek, Miroslav, Zajickova, Drahomira, and Zajicek, Miroslav
- Abstract
The study provides estimates of the size of the fatherhood premium for the Czech Republic in the years 2006-2017, using data from the EU SILC survey. In the years 2006-2009, the fatherhood premium in the Czech Republic does not manifest itself if explanatory variables include the marriage premium and the partner's labour market participation. The fatherhood premium only starts to express itself in 2010 and the following years, when it reaches values from 11% to 15% as a consequence of a decision of families with high-income fathers to have a third child in the years after 2010.
- Published
- 2023
15. Mateřská sankce v České republice, její vývoj a zdroje
- Author
-
Zajíčková, Drahomíra, Zajíček, Miroslav, Zajíčková, Drahomíra, and Zajíček, Miroslav
- Abstract
We use EU SILC data for the Czech Republic to estimate the size of the motherhood penalty for the period 2006-2017. We find out that adjusted motherhood penalty amounts to 11-15% in the period 2006-2008. At that time, the Czech Republic appeared to be comparable to countries such as Germany and the UK. However, the motherhood penalty effectively disappears after 2009 and the Czech Republic is now placed in the same group with Scandinavian countries, France and Belgium. Despite that, there are still many obstacles for mothers to increase their labour market participation, which translate mainly into wage penalties via the experience and labour intensity channels. The study also supports other general evidence from cross-country motherhood penalty comparisons, motherhood penalty being mostly a phenomenon of middle-educated, married women located outside large cities, employed in private industry and having more than one child.
- Published
- 2023
16. Lifelong learning in six Central European countries
- Author
-
Dudaitė, Jolita, Dačiulytė, Rūta, Dudaitė, Jolita, and Dačiulytė, Rūta
- Abstract
The aim of the article is to compare the situation of lifelong learning in Central European countries. Six countries were selected for the study: Poland, Lithuania, Estonia, Slovenia, the Slovak Republic, and the Czech Republic. The research is based on data from the International Survey of Adult Skills (OECD PIAAC). Respondents 30 years old and over were selected for analysis because a significant proportion of younger people have not yet completed their formal studies. According to the analysis, Estonian adults are most often involved in lifelong learning activities, while representatives from the Slovak Republic are the least involved. In all countries, those with above high school education are the most likely to participate in lifelong learning activities compared to those with lower than high school education and with high school education. In different countries, different kinds of learning activities prevail.
- Published
- 2023
17. Gender and skill dimensions of technological transitions at workplaces: the case of The Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia
- Author
-
Mensah, Ebenezer Kwabla, Nchor, Dennis, Mensah, Ebenezer Kwabla, and Nchor, Dennis
- Abstract
The study seeks to investigate the impact of technology on employment by gender and skills of the labour markets in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia, and employs the VAR model to analyse the impact of technology on employment by gender. It also uses a panel cointegrated autoregressive distributed lag model for the impact of technology on employment by skill groups. The study finds that although technology impacts on employment of gender in the three countries, it is however gender neutral. This study also finds that in the long-term, technology impacts negatively on middle skill employment and positively on low skill and high skill employment in a similar pattern before and after the global financial crises. The impact of technology varies across countries in the short term, attributed to cross-country differences in labour market policies and institutions.
- Published
- 2023
18. Role intelektuálů v procesu 'ateizace' české společnosti v druhé polovině 20.století a její transformace
- Author
-
Václavík, David and Václavík, David
- Abstract
The article deals with resonance, development, and changes in various forms of atheism in the works of Czech, especially Marxist, intellectuals in the second half of the 20th century. Attention is also paid to their influence on public opinion, especially in connection with a rise in negative attitude of a large part of the Czech public towards religion. The study is based primarily on historical and discursive analyses of the works of principal authors from the 1950s to 1989. Among the authors discussed are important figures such as Ivan Sviták, Milan Machovec, and Vítězslav Gardavský.
- Published
- 2023
19. Labour Market Success of Initial Vocational Education and Training Graduates: A Comparative Study of Three Education Systems in Central Europe
- Author
-
Hoidn, Sabine, Šťastný, Vít, Hoidn, Sabine, and Šťastný, Vít
- Abstract
This paper compares within-country programmes of initial vocational education and training (IVET) in Austria, the Czech Republic and Germany and their outcomes. Specifically, it aims to analyse and compare the labour market success of graduates of different tracks at the ISCED 3 level in both early and later stages of their careers. The comparison is based on the analysis of PIAAC 2013 OECD study data. A composite multidimensional indicator was constructed to measure labour market success and subsequently used as a dependent variable in regression models. The results indicate that in the systems with dual IVET at the ISCED 3 level (Germany and Austria), graduates are indeed more successful at the labour market than their counterparts with other ISCED 3 tracks. However, their advantage diminishes in later stages of the career. Additionally, in Austria, the success of dual education young graduates is mediated by individual characteristics. In the system with only school-based IVET (the Czech Republic), this track does not guarantee substantively higher labour market success for young graduates compared to other ISCED 3 tracks and also to those with lower education. Czech apprentices in the later stages of career succeed even less than those with below ISCED 3 education.
- Published
- 2023
20. Exploring the association between occupational complexity and numeracy
- Author
-
Billington, Mary Genevieve, Foldnes, Njål, Billington, Mary Genevieve, and Foldnes, Njål
- Abstract
The basic cognitive skill of numeracy is a recognized form of human capital, associated with economic and social well being for individuals and for nations. In this study, we explore how occupational complexity relates to proficiency in numeracy, among adults in full-time employment. We operationalize occupational complexity by constructing three measures of task complexity: complexity with data, complexity with people and complexity with things. Data from the international OECD survey of adult skills, 2012, is employed to investigate both the distribution of these three dimensions of occupational task complexity and how these relate to numeracy in 13 countries. The analysis indicates that data occupational complexity predicts numeracy scores, when controlling for age, gender and educational level. The findings open for a hypothesis that occupational activities may enhance basic skills in adult populations. If elaborated and supported through further studies this finding has practical implications for workplace organization and contributes to theoretical understandings of the development of basic skills in adults.
- Published
- 2023
21. Das ganze Haus ist Buch : Die Sammlung Teufel an der Universität Erfurt / herausgegeben von Kathrin Drechsel und Sylvia Bräsel
- Author
-
Stephanie Hartmann
- Subjects
UB Erfurt ,Sammlung Teufel ,Sammeln ,Sammler ,Böhmen ,Mähren ,Tschechische Republik ,Kulturgeschichte ,Bibliography. Library science. Information resources - Abstract
Seit 1997 wird von der UB Erfurt die geisteswissenschaftliche Sammlung Teufel tranchenweise übernommen. Der Sammelband bringt verschiedene Teilbereiche des durch die Sammlung abgedeckten Netzwerks an kulturhistorischen Themen mit dem Mittelpunkt Böhmen und Mähren zur Sprache.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Anti-corruption revisited: the case of the Czech Republic and Slovakia
- Author
-
Gallina, Nicole, Debiel, Tobias, editor, and Gawrich, Andrea, editor
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Diverging Paths among Central Eastern European Mothers? The Degree of Incongruity between Employment Preferences and Their Actual Experiences (1994-2012)
- Author
-
Garcia-Faroldi, Livia
- Subjects
Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie ,Sociology and Political Science ,Economics ,Vorschulalter ,work-family balance ,Sociology & anthropology ,Frauenerwerbstätigkeit ,East Central Europe ,ddc:330 ,Labor Market Research ,preschool age ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,Mutter ,berufstätige Frau ,Czech Republic ,fertility ,Hungary ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Arbeitsmarktforschung ,ISSP ,Polen ,mother ,Tschechische Republik ,women's employment ,Wirtschaft ,gender role ,working woman ,Ostmitteleuropa ,Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung ,Soziologie, Anthropologie ,refamilialisation ,ISSP 1994 ,ISSP 2002 ,ISSP 2012 ,Familie-Beruf ,ddc:300 ,Fruchtbarkeit ,Women's Studies, Feminist Studies, Gender Studies ,Ungarn ,Family Sociology, Sociology of Sexual Behavior ,Poland ,ddc:301 ,Geschlechtsrolle - Abstract
This paper examines the congruity between mothers' preferences and actual experiences when raising preschool children, using data on mothers of reproductive ages (18-49) from the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) (1994, 2002, and 2012). The findings show that (i) with one exception, in all the countries and years, mothers whose preferences were congruent with their actual employment statuses outnumbered those whose preferences and employment statuses were incongruent; (ii) whereas Czech mothers improved their situations during the period (the congruity increases), Polish mothers - who began the period with the highest congruity - experienced a decrease in congruity, while Hungarian mothers showed the lowest congruity and saw a slight improvement in their situations (they achieved more congruity); and (iii) women who had their children during the communist regimes were more likely to experience incongruity because they worked more than they desired to, while women who became mothers during the post-communist period were more likely to experience congruity when they stayed at home, but they were also more likely to experience incongruity because they were inactive and considered working desirable. Therefore, the results confirm similar trends and diverging paths among the three countries. The high degree of incongruity between preferences and actual experiences is a sign of the problems faced by mothers attempting to reconcile work and family life and also impacts other phenomena, such as female employment, gender equality and fertility.
- Published
- 2022
24. THE POWER OF SMALL EU MEMBER STATES AFTER BREXIT: HOW POWERFUL IS THE VISEGRAD GROUP?
- Author
-
Kajánek, Tomáš
- Subjects
Slowakei ,Slovakia ,European Politics ,Public Administration ,Politikwissenschaft ,political influence ,Power Index ,Europapolitik ,Banzhaf Power Index ,Political theory ,Council of the EU ,Small EU Member States ,europäische Integration ,European Union ,Stimmrecht ,Political science ,Czech Republic ,Hungary ,Visegrad Group ,Polen ,Tschechische Republik ,EU policy ,politischer Einfluss ,right to vote ,EU-Politik ,ddc:320 ,Political Science and International Relations ,Europäischer Rat ,Ungarn ,Poland ,EU ,European integration ,European Council ,JC11-607 ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
The power of individual EU Member States has been changing over the past decades as a result of revisions to the voting systems and the enlargements of the European Union. The present article analyses the development of the voting power of individual Member States in the Council of the European Union before and after the withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the European Union. We use the calculation of the standardized Banzhaf power index to calculate the legislative power of the Member States. The calculations recorded in the table point to changes in the weights of national votes caused by Brexit. The article pays special attention to the Visegrad Group, which we define within the European Union as an informal group consisting of four Central European states - the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and the Slovak Republic. The results indicate a significant growth of the voting power in Poland and more moderate growth in the other three Visegrad Group countries which contributes to the shift in the voting equilibrium within the ordinary legislative procedure of the European Union.
- Published
- 2022
25. Assessing the Recyclability of packaging in Australia and Czech Republic
- Author
-
Antoniazzi, Nathália
- Subjects
Wiederverwertbarkeit ,Recyclability ,Packaging ,Recycling-Strom ,Australien ,Tschechische Republik ,Recycling stream ,Australia ,Verpackung ,Czech Republic - Abstract
Diese Studie konzentrierte sich auf die Bewertung der Recyclingfähigkeit von Verpackungen in Australien und der Tschechischen Republik, indem sie die Abfallsammlung, die Trennung, die Recyclinginfrastruktur und die Gesetzgebung in diesen Ländern untersuchte. Die primäre Forschungsfrage war die Recyclingfähigkeit spezifischer Verpackungsmaterialien in beiden Ländern, während die sekundären Forschungsfragen die Entsorgungsmethoden für Verpackungen, die Sammelverfahren, die Materialtrennung, die Recyclingverfahren und die Recyclingraten untersuchten. Die Studie nutzte einen Mix aus verschiedenen Ansätzen, einschließlich Literaturrecherche, Datenanalyse und Experteninterviews, um Informationen über die Recyclingfähigkeit von Verpackungen zu sammeln. Die gesammelten Daten zur Recycling-Infrastruktur wurden in die Software Packaging Cockpit (PACO) implementiert, um die technische Recyclingfähigkeit von Verpackungssystemen in Australien und der Tschechischen Republik zu berechnen. Um die Daten zu validieren, wurden vier Verpackungsarten mit PACO getestet und die Ergebnisse analysiert und verglichen. Die Studie ergab, dass beide Länder über eine funktionierende Recycling-Infrastruktur für Papier, Aluminium, Glas, PE starr, PP starr und PET blasgeformt verfügen. Für Materialien wie flexibles PS, Hart- und Weich-PVC sowie flexibles PET gibt es jedoch an beiden Standorten keine Recyclingsysteme. Bemerkenswerte Unterschiede ergaben sich bei der Verwertbarkeit bestimmter Materialien. So werden in der Tschechischen Republik Getränkekartons aus Verbundstoffen recycelt, in Australien hingegen nicht. Ähnlich verhält es sich mit PS starr und PE flexibel, die in beiden Ländern vor ähnlichen Herausforderungen stehen. Im Gegensatz dazu unterliegt das Recycling von Weißblech in der Tschechischen Republik Beschränkungen, während es in Australien gut etabliert ist. Australien arbeitet aktiv am Aufbau einer Recycling-Infrastruktur für PE flexible, PP flexible und PET thermogeformte Materialien, was auf ein Engagement zur Erweiterung der Recyclingkapazitäten hinweist. Die Resultate dieser Studie sind von großer Relevanz für zentrale Stakeholder der Wertschöpfungskette von Verpackungen, wie beispielsweise politische Entscheidungsträger, Verpackungshersteller, Abfallwirtschaftsbehörden oder auch Verbraucher. Sie bieten wichtige Einsichten in unterschiedliche nationale Gegebenheiten der Recyclingfähigkeit und zeigen Strategien auf, um die Recyclingquoten zu verbessern, Abfall zu reduzieren und nachhaltige Verpackungspraktiken zu fördern. Die Studie unterstreicht die Bedeutung einer Kreislaufwirtschaft, die Verringerung der Umweltauswirkungen und die Schaffung eines effizienten und effektiven Recyclingsystems, um Ressourcen zu erhalten und die Umweltverschmutzung zu verringern. Es wird auf die Einschränkungen hingewiesen, auf die man bei der Untersuchung gestoßen ist, wie z. B. die begrenzte Resonanz von Kunststoffrecyclingunternehmen und der Mangel an relevanten wissenschaftlichen Artikeln. Zu den Empfehlungen für künftige Forschungsarbeiten gehören die Aktualisierung der Recyclingströme entsprechend der Entwicklung der Recyclingkapazitäten der Länder und die Beobachtung der Marktnachfrage nach recycelten Materialien. This study focused on assessing the recyclability of packaging in Australia and the Czech Republic by examining waste collection, separation, recycling infrastructure, and legislation in these countries. The primary research question addressed was the recyclability of specific packaging materials in both countries, while secondary research questions explored packaging disposal methods, collection processes, materials separation, recycling processes, and recycling rates. The study utilized a mix of approaches, including literature review, data analysis, and expert interviews, to gather information on packaging recyclability. The collected recycling infrastructure data was implemented in the Packaging Cockpit (PACO) software to calculate the technical recyclability of packaging systems in Australia and the Czech Republic. To validate the data, four packaging types were tested using PACO, and the results were analyzed and compared. The study revealed that both countries have functional recycling infrastructure for paper, aluminum, glass, PE rigid, PP rigid, and PET blow molded items. However, materials like flexible PS, rigid and flexible PVC, and flexible PET lack recycling systems in both locations. Notable differences arose regarding the recyclability of certain materials. For instance, the Czech Republic recycles composite beverage cartons, while Australia does not. Similarly, PS rigid and PE flexible face similar challenges in both countries. In contrast, tinplate recycling has restrictions in the Czech Republic but is well-established in Australia. Australia is actively working on establishing recycling infrastructure for PE flexible, PP flexible, and PET thermoformed materials, indicating a commitment to expand recycling capabilities. The findings of this study have significant implications for policymakers, packaging manufacturers, waste management authorities, and consumers, providing insights into recyclability and informing strategies to improve recycling rates, reduce waste, and promote sustainable packaging practices. The study emphasizes the importance of a circular economy, reducing environmental impact, and creating an efficient and effective recycling system to conserve resources and mitigate pollution. The limitations encountered during the research are acknowledged, such as the limited response from plastic recycling companies and the scarcity of relevant scientific articles. Recommendations for future research include updating recycling streams as countries' recycling capabilities evolve and monitoring market demand for recycled materials. Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers Masterarbeit Wien, FH Campus Wien 2023
- Published
- 2023
26. Perception of Collective Agency and Networks of Relations: The Case of Regional Parliaments in Four EU Member States
- Author
-
Donat, Elisabeth and Mataloni, Barbara
- Subjects
European Politics ,Politikwissenschaft ,Federal Republic of Germany ,Europapolitik ,decision making ,politische Entscheidung ,collective behavior ,Entscheidungsfindung ,Germany ,collective actors ,europäische Integration ,Österreich ,Political science ,Spanien ,Czech Republic ,Tschechische Republik ,EU policy ,Netzwerk ,Bundesrepublik Deutschland ,Kollektivverhalten ,EU-Politik ,regional parliaments ,Spain ,networks ,Austria ,ddc:320 ,network ,capacity to act ,collective agency ,Handlungsfähigkeit ,EU ,European integration ,political decision - Abstract
Regional parliaments have only limited formal possibilities to engage in the European Union’s (EU’s) multi-level system of governance. Our paper focuses on networking activities of regional members of parliaments (MPs) as informal attempts to make agency claims and as a main driver for perceived collective agency. We employ a relational perspective, taking into account the various stakeholders and environments which regional parliaments have to deal with in the EU. Engaging in such networks can enhance collective agency since such activity is linked to recognition and can open doors to new resources and networks. We use data from a survey of regional deputies in Austria, Germany, Spain, and the Czech Republic to investigate these associations. The results point to the importance of such activities for the perceived influence of regional parliaments on political decision-making in the region and for perceptions about the future role of regions in the EU. Contacts with European actors prove to be crucial in this respect since they can lead to new, agency-enhancing contacts and resources., Historical Social Research Vol. 48, No. 3 (2023)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Sources of Loneliness for Older Adults in the Czech Republic and Strategies for Coping With Loneliness
- Author
-
Marcela Petrová Kafková
- Subjects
Familiensituation ,Familienstand ,Sociology and Political Science ,Social Psychology ,Gerontologie, Alterssoziologie ,social relations ,Mann ,elderly ,soziale Beziehungen ,solitude ,Exklusion ,gender-specific factors ,man ,family situation ,gender ,Frau ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,older adults ,exclusion ,Czech Republic ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,loneliness ,marital status ,social exclusion ,Geschlecht ,Tschechische Republik ,alter Mensch ,geschlechtsspezifische Faktoren ,woman ,ddc:300 ,Gerontology ,Einsamkeit - Abstract
In this article, issues of loneliness and exclusion from social relations in old age are examined from the perspective of older men and women. Our focus is on sources of loneliness they themselves perceive and what strategies they use to cope with it. Twenty‐nine interviews with older adults at risk of loneliness in the Czech Republic and their models of social convoys are analyzed. Surprisingly small gender differences in feelings of loneliness are found. A major source of loneliness for both men and women is the loss of a life partner. Perceptions of loneliness and the shape of social networks differ substantially in the case of lifelong singles and childless people. A second significant source for feelings of loneliness includes unsatisfactory relationships with close family. Based on the participants’ accounts, three strategies for coping with loneliness are identified.
- Published
- 2023
28. Evaluation of the Implemented and Adopted Curriculum in Health Education in the Czech Republic with an Emphasis on the Drinking Regimen
- Author
-
Hrivnova, Michaela
- Subjects
Standards ,Test ,Educational policy ,School year 09 ,drinking regimen ,education ,Drinking ,Implementierung ,curriculum ,Essverhalten ,Education ,Questionnaire survey ,Ern��hrung ,Fragebogenerhebung ,health education ,Alcohol consumption habits ,L7-991 ,Czech Republic ,Trinkverhalten ,Schuljahr 09 ,Bildungspolitik ,evaluation ,Sch��ler ,Tschechische Republik ,Bildungsstandards ,Trinken ,Pupil ,Education (General) ,Kompetenzerwerb ,Pupils ,Educational standard ,nutrition ,Gesundheitserziehung - Abstract
According to the Framework Education Programme for Elementary Education in the Czech Republic, part of Health Education is nutrition and food intake, including the drinking regimen. This paper���s objective is to analyse that using the results of two extensive curricular studies performed at the Faculty of Education, Palack�� University Olomouc. Both studies used data from representative samples of pupils in grade nine from elementary schools in the Czech Republic. The research instruments were designed according to applicable documents of the state-level implemented curriculum and showed good reliability. The results of the subjective evaluation of the implemented curriculum in health education suggest that in the area ���healthy lifestyle and health care���, the subtopic ���nutrition and health ��� healthy diet principles, drinking regimen, eating disorders��� was most dominant. The testing of the level of the adopted curriculum regarding fluid intake revealed a problematic level of pupils��� knowledge (the average percentage of task achievement was around 46%). Conclusions and recommendations for practice: nutrition and food intake (including the drinking regimen) is a very important topic in health education in elementary education in the Czech Republic, which is consistent with other research studies. However, the cognitive dimension of the pupils��� curriculum is inadequate. Qualitatively and quantitatively, the recommended drinking regimen may support natural health determinants, while an inappropriate or insufficient regimen may result in medical complications. The issue of adequate nutrition and diet and drinking regime must be taught by professionally and didactically competent teachers. Students should not only be taught cognitively, but their affective and behavioural abilities should also be formed. (DIPF/Orig.)
- Published
- 2021
29. Gender Pay Gap in the Czech Republic - Its Evolution and Main Drivers
- Author
-
Miroslav Zajíček and Drahomíra Zajíčková
- Subjects
Czech ,Economics and Econometrics ,Lohnunterschied ,Arbeitsmarkt ,EU-SILC 2006 ,EU-SILC 2007 ,EU-SILC 2008 ,EU-SILC 2009 ,EU-SILC 2010 ,EU-SILC 2011 ,EU-SILC 2012 ,EU-SILC 2013 ,EU-SILC 2014 ,EU-SILC 2015 ,EU-SILC 2016 ,EU-SILC 2017 ,gender pay gap ,quantile regression ,gender-specific factors ,Political science ,Einkommenspolitik, Lohnpolitik, Tarifpolitik, Vermögenspolitik ,gender ,Mutterschaft ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,berufstätige Frau ,Elternschaft ,Czech Republic ,parenthood ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,motherhood ,Tschechische Republik ,wage difference ,working woman ,Regression ,language.human_language ,Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung ,geschlechtsspezifische Faktoren ,language ,ddc:300 ,Women's Studies, Feminist Studies, Gender Studies ,Demographic economics ,labor market ,Income Policy, Property Policy, Wage Policy ,Finance ,Gender pay gap - Abstract
The study estimates the size of the gender pay gap (GPG) for the Czech Republic in the years 2006-2017 using data from the EU-SILC survey. The size of the GPG (and the related variables) remains relatively time-invariant with a statistically weak relation to the business cycle. Using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, we found out that the unexplained part of the GPG amounts to 50% of the whole GPG (on average) and only one third of the GPG is caused by an endowment effect or an interaction between the endowment effect and the coefficient effect. Selection bias plays a statistically insignificant role in terms of the GPG formation and explanation. Parenthood is the most important driver of the GPG. For parents, the GPG is about 30 percentage points higher than the one for non-parents. Women are able to narrow the GPG created by the effect of motherhood and reach original unexplained levels of approximately 15% after reaching the age of 50 and higher. Besides parenthood, there is no other demographic characteristic that has any substantial impact on the formation and persistence of the GPG. The GPG is most pronounced for the lowest- and the highest-earning quantiles, indicating the existence of a glass ceiling and a sticky floor on the Czech labour market.
- Published
- 2021
30. Partner preference and age: User's mating behavior in online dating
- Author
-
Markéta Šetinová and Renáta Topinková
- Subjects
Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie ,Czech ,Czechia ,age difference ,partner preference ,Partnerwahl ,Context (language use) ,Sociology & anthropology ,Altersunterschied ,online dating ,Mating ,preference ,Czech Republic ,Online-Medien ,Internet ,Sociobiology ,lcsh:HQ1-2044 ,Age differences ,choice of partner ,Tschechische Republik ,Präferenz ,online media ,Preference ,language.human_language ,Test (assessment) ,age homogamy ,Behavioral data ,Soziologie, Anthropologie ,Online dating ,lcsh:The family. Marriage. Woman ,language ,Family Sociology, Sociology of Sexual Behavior ,ddc:301 ,Psychology ,Demography - Abstract
Objective: We test whether real online-user mating behavior corresponds with expectations from both the sociobiological and social perspectives and explore the age differentials that individuals opt for when searching for a mate and how this evolves relative to the user’s age and gender. Background: Age plays a vital role in partner choice. Previous studies have focused primarily on age differences between couples and their self-reported preferences for partners of a certain age. However, little is known about how age affects behavior in the online dating market. Method: We use behavioral data from a Czech online dating app, Pinkilin and analyze 197,519 invitations that users sent to each other in July 2017. Results: Men strongly prefer young women, and women prefer partners of their age or slightly older. At older ages, men’s preference for younger women widens, while women's preferences become more diverse. Homogamous tendencies are stronger among younger users and women. Conclusion: Overall, our results corroborate those of previous research on online dating, but we extend this research in terms of age differences in the Czech context.
- Published
- 2021
31. 'Refugees' as a Misnomer: The Parochial Politics and Official Discourse of the Visegrad Four
- Author
-
Artur Gruszczak
- Subjects
Public Administration ,Sociology and Political Science ,rhetoric ,migration ,Public opinion ,Parochialism ,xenophobia ,Opinion poll ,refugee ,Political science ,Ausländerfeindlichkeit ,Visegrad Four ,anti-refugee discourse ,misnomer ,parochialism ,public discourse ,Czech Republic ,anti‐refugee discourse ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Polen ,refugees ,Ostmitteleuropa ,flight ,visegrad four ,ddc:300 ,Ungarn ,Flucht ,Slowakei ,Slovakia ,Politikwissenschaft ,Refugee ,Misnomer ,Public policy ,East Central Europe ,Political science (General) ,Politics ,Rhetorik ,politicization ,Political Process, Elections, Political Sociology, Political Culture ,Migration, Sociology of Migration ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,Diskurs ,politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur ,Hungary ,business.industry ,Tschechische Republik ,Diskriminierung ,Framing (social sciences) ,Flüchtling ,Political economy ,ddc:320 ,discourse ,Poland ,business ,JA1-92 ,Politisierung ,discrimination - Abstract
Attitudes towards migrants and refugees are created and reflected at the level of public policies, as well as in local communities which cultivate traditional approaches and a specific worldview. The refugee crisis in Europe in the mid-2010s showed how public opinion translated into voting behaviour and became a source of strength for nationalist anti-immigrant movements and parties across the continent. East-Central Europe was no exception, regardless of the absence of a long-term, massive inflow of refugees. Nevertheless, the migration crisis created a new political narrative which exploited deeply rooted resentments, complexes, and fears. This article aims to analyse the official policy responses to the refugee crisis in the four East-Central European countries: Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic, which together constitute the so-called Visegrad Four. It puts the emphasis on the discriminatory practice of misnaming the refugees, which became deeply anchored in the political discourse of these countries. Based on a qualitative content analysis supplemented by the findings of public opinion polls, the argument developed in the article is that reluctant and defensive attitudes towards the refugees have been determined by the revival of parochialism as a radical reaction to the challenges of global trends and supra-local processes. The theoretical framing of the refugee problem is built on politicization, in connection with the concept of parochialism, seen from political and social perspectives, and the meaning of the use of the misnomer as a policy instrument. The article concludes that the migration crisis petrified traditional cleavages at the supra-local level, reinforcing simultaneously the sense of parochial altruism and hostility towards “the other.”
- Published
- 2021
32. The Visegrad Group and the Baltic Assembly: coalitions within the EU as seen through Russian foreign policy
- Author
-
Vladimir A. Olenchenko and Nikolay M. Mezhevich
- Subjects
Slowakei ,Baltic States ,Cultural Studies ,Slovakia ,History ,Sociology and Political Science ,Geography, Planning and Development ,International trade ,multilevel management theory ,Internationale Beziehungen ,regional approach in russian foreign policy ,Russia ,Regional economics. Space in economics ,Group (periodic table) ,Political science ,visegrad group (v4) ,bilateral relations ,Außenpolitik ,Czech Republic ,bilaterale Beziehungen ,Hungary ,Polen ,business.industry ,Visegrad Group (V4) ,Baltic Assembly / Baltic Council of Ministers (BA/BCM) ,transregionalism ,regional approach in Russian foreign policy ,international relations ,regionalism ,Tschechische Republik ,baltic assembly / baltic council of ministers (ba/bcm) ,International Relations, International Politics, Foreign Affairs, Development Policy ,Baltikum ,relations with russia ,foreign policy ,Foreign policy ,HT388 ,Regionalism (international relations) ,Russland ,Ungarn ,Poland ,Regionalismus ,internationale Beziehungen, Entwicklungspolitik ,EU ,business ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,ddc:327 - Abstract
Today Russia has difficulty doing business-as-usual with EU states. It seems that the countries of the Visegrad Group (V4) and the Baltic Assembly/Baltic Council of Ministers (BA/BСM) have contributed substantially to this state of affairs. Overall, the tensions between Russia and the EU are building up — another tendency that did not arise on the Russian initiative. This article aims to address the question of whether Russia should establish direct relations with the V4 and the BA/BCM as tools to overcome the mentioned difficulties. On the one hand, these associations date back to before the countries acceded to the Union. On the other, they are products of regionalisation in the EU. In answering this question, we achieve three objectives. Firstly, we look for an appropriate theoretical and methodological framework for the study. Secondly, we produce a comparative description of the V4 and the BA/BCM. Thirdly, we examine the capacity of these associations to pursue an independent foreign and domestic policy. This study uses a comparison method to analyse the activities of the two organisations and identify their significance for the EU.
- Published
- 2021
33. Slapylitidae: a new family of hyolithids (Cambrian-?Devonian; Baltica, Laurentia, Gondwana).
- Author
-
Valent, Martin, Fatka, Oldřich, and Marek, Ladislav
- Abstract
Copyright of Paläontologische Zeitschrift is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. The Segmentation of the Academic Labour Market and Gender, Field, and Institutional Inequalities
- Author
-
Marta Vohlídalová
- Subjects
Czech ,academia ,inequalities ,labour market segmentation ,neoliberalism ,work conditions ,inequality ,Sociology and Political Science ,Social Psychology ,Inequality ,Economics ,Ungleichheit ,academic career ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Arbeitsmarkt ,Wage ,Neoliberalism ,labor market segmentation ,Arbeitsbedingungen ,HM401-1281 ,Market segmentation ,Political science ,0502 economics and business ,ddc:330 ,Akademikerberuf ,Institution ,comparative research ,Sociology (General) ,Segmentation ,Arbeitsmarktsegmentation ,Czech Republic ,media_common ,Arbeitsmarktforschung ,working conditions ,Field (Bourdieu) ,05 social sciences ,Tschechische Republik ,Wirtschaft ,labor market research ,050301 education ,language.human_language ,vergleichende Forschung ,language ,Demographic economics ,labor market ,0503 education ,050203 business & management - Abstract
Using data from a 2017 survey of Czech academics this article examines the casualisation of working conditions in the Czech academic labour market (ALM) and explores gender, sectoral, and institutional inequalities through the lens of the theory of labour market segmentation. A hierarchical cluster analysis reveals three segments in the Czech ALM: core (40%), periphery (28%), and semi‐periphery (32%), which roughly align with work positions in the early, middle, and senior stages of an academic career. In the semi‐periphery gender is found to be a key factor in in determining working conditions, while in the periphery working conditions are most affected by the type of institution. In the core, gender differences are mainly reflected in the gender wage gap. The effects of casualisation on working conditions are found to be more pronounced in STEM fields than in the social sciences and humanities across the ALM, but wages are generally higher in STEM fields.
- Published
- 2021
35. Gender Pay Gap in the Czech Republic - Its Evolution and Main Drivers
- Author
-
Zajíčková, Drahomíra, Zajíček, Miroslav, Zajíčková, Drahomíra, and Zajíček, Miroslav
- Abstract
The study estimates the size of the gender pay gap (GPG) for the Czech Republic in the years 2006-2017 using data from the EU-SILC survey. The size of the GPG (and the related variables) remains relatively time-invariant with a statistically weak relation to the business cycle. Using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, we found out that the unexplained part of the GPG amounts to 50% of the whole GPG (on average) and only one third of the GPG is caused by an endowment effect or an interaction between the endowment effect and the coefficient effect. Selection bias plays a statistically insignificant role in terms of the GPG formation and explanation. Parenthood is the most important driver of the GPG. For parents, the GPG is about 30 percentage points higher than the one for non-parents. Women are able to narrow the GPG created by the effect of motherhood and reach original unexplained levels of approximately 15% after reaching the age of 50 and higher. Besides parenthood, there is no other demographic characteristic that has any substantial impact on the formation and persistence of the GPG. The GPG is most pronounced for the lowest- and the highest-earning quantiles, indicating the existence of a glass ceiling and a sticky floor on the Czech labour market.
- Published
- 2022
36. The Work Ethic and Social Change in the Czech Republic and Slovakia - a Modernisation Theory Perspective
- Author
-
Kozák, Michal and Kozák, Michal
- Abstract
The article investigates long-term trends in the work ethic in the Czech Republic and Slovakia from the perspective of modernisation theory. In particular, it examines whether the work ethic in the two culturally similar societies decreased during the years of growing material prosperity and whether this trend originated in intergenerational population replacement. The study uses data from three pooled waves of the European Values Study (EVS) covering the period 1999-2017 to which it applies the linear decomposition technique and multivariate statistical analysis. The results show that, even though the work ethic decreased in the Czech Republic and increased in Slovakia, intergenerational population replacement contributed to its weakening in both countries. Furthermore, the results indicate that the reason this process dominated the overall trend in the Czech Republic but not that in Slovakia may be the historical differences in levels of socioeconomic development and the different paces of population replacement. Finally, tentative evidence in favour of modernisation theory is presented, indicating that population replacement universally contributed to a decrease in the work ethic in all the other European countries with comparable EVS data.
- Published
- 2022
37. Intra-household distribution of resources and income poverty and inequality in Visegrád countries
- Author
-
Fialová, Kamila, Mysíková, Martina, Fialová, Kamila, and Mysíková, Martina
- Abstract
Purpose: The authors aim to demonstrate the impact of allowing for unequal intra-household distribution of resources on income poverty and income inequality. Design/methodology/approach: The paper applies a collective consumption model to study the intra-household distribution of resources in Visegrád countries (V4). It utilises subjective financial satisfaction as a proxy for indirect utility from individual consumption to estimate the indifference scales within couples instead of the traditional equivalence scale. The European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) 2013 and 2018 data are applied. Findings: This study’s results indicate substantial economies of scale from living in a couple that are generally higher than implied by the commonly applied equivalence scale. The sharing rule estimates suggest that at the mean of distribution factors, women receive a consumption share between 0.4 and 0.6; however, some of the results are close to an equal sharing of 0.5. The female consumption share rises with her contribution to household income. Regarding income poverty and inequality, the authors show that both these measures might be underestimated in the traditional approach to equal sharing of resources. Originality/value: The authors add to the empirics by estimating indifference scales for Czechia (CZ), Hungary (HU), Poland (PL) and Slovakia (SK), countries that have not been involved in previous research.
- Published
- 2022
38. Attitudes towards Life and Death in Europe: a Comparative Analysis
- Author
-
Bartolomé-Peral, Edurne, Coromina, Lluis, Bartolomé-Peral, Edurne, and Coromina, Lluis
- Abstract
Fundamental aspects of human existence such as birth and death are at the core of our values and profoundly sensitive to our religious beliefs, our ideals as a society, and our opinions on the extent to which individuals may interfere in these basic life issues. This article analyses the factors that explain people's attitudes towards key beginning- and end-of-life issues. To do this, we first tracked variations across two points in time, and then looked at the effects of value orientations and socio-demographic factors in comparative perspective across countries. Based on previous literature, we consider justification for euthanasia, abortion, and in vitro fertilisation as a latent variable using European Value Study data from the 2008 and 2017 waves. Five European societies were analysed: Spain, Germany, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, and Russia. All the countries observed showed growing levels of justification for these practices, although significant differences were found in the value orientation effects and respondents´ background variables on attitudes towards life and death issues. In order to properly address comparability, multi-group confirmatory factor analyses across countries and across waves were conducted, and measurement invariance tested. From our analyses, we can conclude that age and religiosity, alongside other sociodemographic variables, are important explanatory factors in the justification of life and death issues in all the countries examined; however, value orientations show less conclusive effects on such attitudes.
- Published
- 2022
39. Cross-border regional development on the Bavarian-Czech border: the 'right' forms of cooperation
- Author
-
Chilla, Tobias, Sielker, Franziska, ARL - Akademie für Raumentwicklung in der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Fráně, Luděk, Weber, Jürgen, Chilla, Tobias, Sielker, Franziska, ARL - Akademie für Raumentwicklung in der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Fráně, Luděk, and Weber, Jürgen
- Abstract
The political dynamic in the Bavarian-Czech border area is still characterised and challenged by its location along the former Iron Curtain as well as its history of war and displacement. This particular situation has led to a unique pattern of cooperation. In comparison to other border areas it is striking that the middle level - i.e. the level between national and municipal cooperation - was only activated a few years ago. In the last five to ten years new developments have led to cooperation processes 'catching up'. We take this very interesting situation as a starting point for synoptic reflection. The analytical focus is on the two Euroregions in this space, on the European Region of Danube-Vltava, on the cross-border initiative of the European metropolitan region of Nuremberg, on the so-called development study of the regional development ministries and on the macro-regional strategy of the Danube region. These cooperation spaces and initiatives overlap and can be seen as reflecting institutional ambiguity. We developed our argument based on our personal involvement in the above-mentioned cooperation formats and conclude with an outlook concerning desirable future developments.
- Published
- 2022
40. Cross-border spatial development in Bavaria: Dynamics in cooperation - Potentials of integration
- Author
-
Chilla, Tobias, Sielker, Franziska, ARL - Akademie für Raumentwicklung in der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Chilla, Tobias, Sielker, Franziska, and ARL - Akademie für Raumentwicklung in der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft
- Abstract
There are a number of reasons for considering the cross-border dimension of Bavaria's spatial development at the present time. First, there is a new awareness of cross-border development issues on the level of the federal state of Bavaria. This is particularly related to the border between Bavaria and the Czech Republic, which is so historically and politically complex that it has long been difficult to address on the Prague-Munich diplomatic level. Tangible developments have recently been seen here on the 'middle level'. At the same time the start of the macro-regional strategy EUSALP has led to increased discussion of spatial development instruments in the Alpine region. Second, the significance of borders was placed on the political agenda with unexpected force by the flows of refugees that largely began in 2015. After many years of widespread talk of a 'borderless' Europe, debates about refugee policies and border controls have made clear that the internal European borders still have considerable political significance. In Bavaria this mainly affects its border region with Austria. Third, a new impetus in cross-border cooperation on the European level can be identified: in recent years the focus was on activities in the immediate border area based on INTERREG-A and Euroregions. These remain important, but there is also a new impetus on the higher level, where macro-regions and numerous bilateral and multilateral forms of cooperation are creating new constellations. In Bavaria this can be seen particularly in the relatively new European Region of Danube-Vltava and through involvement in the Danube and Alpine macro-regions. Against this background, in 2015 the Bavarian Regional Working Group of the Academy for Spatial Research and Planning (Akademie für Raumforschung und Landesplanung, ARL) formed a subsection on cross-border spatial development in Bavaria. This large and exceptionally international group spent three years working on numerous facets of the topic a
- Published
- 2022
41. Cross-border spatial development in Bavaria: Starting point, current challenges and conceptual debates
- Author
-
Chilla, Tobias, Sielker, Franziska, ARL - Akademie für Raumentwicklung in der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Chilla, Tobias, Sielker, Franziska, and ARL - Akademie für Raumentwicklung in der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft
- Abstract
This introductory article has three goals. First, it briefly introduces Bavaria's border areas. Second, the paper introduces three institutional and political perspectives to explain the governance arrangements and processes in the border areas, namely institutional ambiguity, reterritorialisation and multi-level mismatches. Further, the article discusses current developments from a functional perspective by reflecting on processes of convergence, metropolisation and 'tunnel effects'. Third, the article outlines the implications of the results for Bavarian federal state planning.
- Published
- 2022
42. Cross-border cooperation areas in north Bavaria and west Bohemia - analysis and evaluation
- Author
-
Chilla, Tobias, Sielker, Franziska, ARL - Akademie für Raumentwicklung in der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Teufel, Nicolai, Maier, Jörg, Doevenspeck, Martin, Chilla, Tobias, Sielker, Franziska, ARL - Akademie für Raumentwicklung in der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Teufel, Nicolai, Maier, Jörg, and Doevenspeck, Martin
- Abstract
The EUREGIO EGRENSIS cooperation area was established in 1990 and is acknowledged and appreciated by political actors. It serves here as a heuristic for a multitude of spatial processes. On the one hand, it reflects the changing political and economic conditions of cross-border cooperation between Bavaria and the Czech Republic on a line of contact between two peripheral regions remote from political and economic centres. On the other hand, a spatial analysis of the EUREGIO EGRENSIS and, in particular, discussion of its spatial delimitations and alternative spatial configurations provide insights into debates surrounding the increasing macro-regionalisation and metropolisation of cross-border cooperation. In this article, the authors analyse modes of cooperation in the north Bavarian and west Bohemian border area. The EUREGIO EGRENSIS is often referred to as the most important institution of crossborder cooperation for the border region due to the long-standing trust between the actors involved. However, there is a certain reluctance among political actors in Bavaria and the Czech Republic to discuss the spatial, thematic or institutional expansion of cross-border cooperation. Based on the positive evaluation of the EUREGIO EGRENSIS cooperation area and trends towards larger cooperation regions, the idea of a meso area in the central European zone was discussed with stakeholders in the border area - roughly the area between the cities of Nuremberg, Erfurt, Chemnitz and Plzeén. Despite socioeconomic similarities and manifold functional interdependencies, this idea was met with scepticism.
- Published
- 2022
43. Financing Healthcare in Central and Eastern European Countries: How Far Are We from Universal Health Coverage?
- Author
-
Tambor, Marzena, Klich, Jacek, Domagała, Alicja, Tambor, Marzena, Klich, Jacek, and Domagała, Alicja
- Abstract
After the fall of communism, the healthcare systems of Central and Eastern European countries underwent enormous transformation, resulting in departure from publicly financed healthcare. This had significant adverse effects on equity in healthcare, which are still evident. In this paper, we analyzed the role of government and households in financing healthcare in eight countries (EU-8): Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. A desk research method was applied to collect quantitative data on healthcare expenditures and qualitative data on gaps in universal health coverage. A linear regression analysis was used to analyze a trend in health expenditure over the years 2000-2018. Our results indicate that a high reliance on out-of-pocket payments persists in many EU-8 countries, and only a few countries have shown a significant downward trend over time. The gaps in universal coverage in the EU-8 countries are due to explicit rationing (a limited benefit package, patient cost sharing) and implicit mechanisms (wait times). There is need to increase the role of public financing in CEE countries through budget prioritization, reducing patient co-payments for medical products and medicines, and extending the benefit package for these goods, as well as improving the quality of care.
- Published
- 2022
44. The Segmentation of the Academic Labour Market and Gender, Field, and Institutional Inequalities
- Author
-
Vohlídalová, Marta and Vohlídalová, Marta
- Abstract
Using data from a 2017 survey of Czech academics this article examines the casualisation of working conditions in the Czech academic labour market (ALM) and explores gender, sectoral, and institutional inequalities through the lens of the theory of labour market segmentation. A hierarchical cluster analysis reveals three segments in the Czech ALM: core (40%), periphery (28%), and semi‐periphery (32%), which roughly align with work positions in the early, middle, and senior stages of an academic career. In the semi‐periphery gender is found to be a key factor in in determining working conditions, while in the periphery working conditions are most affected by the type of institution. In the core, gender differences are mainly reflected in the gender wage gap. The effects of casualisation on working conditions are found to be more pronounced in STEM fields than in the social sciences and humanities across the ALM, but wages are generally higher in STEM fields.
- Published
- 2022
45. Transitions that Matter? Czechoslovakia's Break up and Human Stature
- Author
-
Costa-Font, Joan, Kossarova, Lucia, Costa-Font, Joan, and Kossarova, Lucia
- Abstract
Changes in a population's average stature are virtuous pointers of wellbeing which are sensitive to improvements in psychosocial environments during childhood. A major structural change that could have altered an environment during childhood is the transition from communist to a liberal democracy, and, more specifically, the meltdown of the Soviet bloc provides for a quasi-natural experiment. This paper examines the trends in heights in the Czech Republic and Slovakia before and after the transition and the subsequent break-up of the Czechoslovakian federation. We find that one additional year of exposure to a liberal democracy while growing up is associated with an increasing population stature of 0.28 cm among Slovaks and 0.15 cm among Czechs. We only find changes in stature among men who are more sensitive to environmental stress, especially at the lower end of the current socio-economic status. Results are robust to alternative datasets and measures of democracy.
- Published
- 2022
46. How Do Changes in Gender Role Attitudes Towards Female Employment Influence Fertility? A Macro-Level Analysis
- Author
-
Arpino, Bruno, Esping-Andersen, Gøsta, Pessin, Léa, Arpino, Bruno, Esping-Andersen, Gøsta, and Pessin, Léa
- Abstract
This study explores whether the diffusion of gender-equitable attitudes towards female employment is associated with fertility. We argue that any positive effect on fertility requires not only high levels of gender-equitable attitudes overall, but also attitude convergence between men and women. We analyse 27 countries using data from the World Values Surveys and European Values Studies. We find support for a U-shaped relationship between changes in gender role attitudes and fertility: an initial drop in fertility is observed as countries move from a traditional to a more gender-symmetric model. Beyond a certain threshold, additional increases in gender egalitarianism become positively associated with fertility. This curvi-linear relationship is moderated by the difference in attitudes between men and women: when there is more agreement, changes are more rapid and the effect of gender egalitarian attitudes on fertility strengthens.
- Published
- 2022
47. COVID-19 in Central and Eastern Europe: Focus on Czechia, Hungary, and Bulgaria
- Author
-
Greer, Scott L., King, Elizabeth J., Peralta-Santos, André, Fonseca, Elize Massard da, Löblová, Olga, Rone, Julia, Borbáth, Endre, Greer, Scott L., King, Elizabeth J., Peralta-Santos, André, Fonseca, Elize Massard da, Löblová, Olga, Rone, Julia, and Borbáth, Endre
- Published
- 2022
48. What are the factors of tax evasion? New findings in the EVS Study
- Author
-
Ryšavá, Tereza, Zídková, Hana, Ryšavá, Tereza, and Zídková, Hana
- Abstract
This paper is analyzing tax morale in three selected European countries through the evaluation of the results of the European Values Study. The main aim is to identify the factors that influence taxpayers’ decisions on the issue of whether they justify cheating on tax or not. The dependence and effect of selected factors were determined by analyzing data from the latest European Values Study (2019). The analysis revealed that not only demographic factors (gender, age), but also other socio-economic and institutional factors (religion, willingness to defend the home country, being a proud citizen, trust in government and respect for authorities) have a significant impact on taxpayers’ justification of cheating on taxes. This research is specifically focused on the Czech Republic, Poland and Spain.
- Published
- 2022
49. Globalization and Social Quality
- Author
-
Antalová, Mária and Antalová, Mária
- Abstract
On 1 March 2017, the European Commission presented a White Paper on the future of Europe emphasizing the phenomenon of globalization. Its aim is to assess what globalization means and will mean to the EU. In 2000, the social quality became a strategy for the EU´s economic policy. It is long known that both phenomena bring with them a number of changes of positive and negative sense. We see them as processes that deeply affect the existing structures of each country. For this reason, we have set the aim of our paper to evaluate the existing situation in globalization as well as in the social quality in Slovakia and in the V4 countries and also to clarify the interconnection between the two important phenomena. Analysis is based on an innovated globalization index that can be mapped in three dimensions: economic, social and political. In the social quality research, we take into account created index of the social quality at our department. Using the data obtained, we assess the interconnection of manifestations of globalization and the social quality as well as the three dimensions of globalization with the conditional factors of social quality and consider their existing interdependence.
- Published
- 2022
50. A Job of One's Own: Does Women's Labor Market Participation Influence the Economic Insecurity of Households?
- Author
-
Maestripieri, Lara and Maestripieri, Lara
- Abstract
Background: The article investigates the phenomenon of economic insecurity from a feminist perspective, assessing the role of women’s labour market participation in predicting the phenomenon. It draws on the work of Trifiletti (1999) to analyse women’s role in providing welfare for the entire family. Methods: Stemming from a cross-sectional analysis of European Union statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) 2013, logistic regression models (for women in a couple and for single women) are provided for six countries. Results: The descriptive analysis shows that economic insecurity affects single women more than single men, while couples fare better in all countries considered. Transversal factors that explain the phenomenon in logistic regressions are household type and wealth of the family, while the role of women's labour market participation and economic dependency from partners or from a welfare system varies across countries. Conclusions: Empirical results show that countries only partially comply with the theoretical model proposed by Trifiletti (1999), which proceeded from the welfare regime debate. Italy and Spain show more difference than similarity. The results for Italy and the United Kingdom confirm those of previous investigations that indicate their similarity, while France and Spain are closer to the Mediterranean archetype. The results for the Czech Republic confirm its proximity to the breadwinner model, as Denmark epitomises the heuristic capacity of the Universalist model in Northern European countries.
- Published
- 2022
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.