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Introduction: Most hospitalized patients required invasive or non-invasive ventilation and High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC). Therefore, this study was conducted to describe the characteristics of patients with severe Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) treated by HFNC and its effectiveness for reducing the rate of intubated-mechanical ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Phu Chanh COVID-19 Department-Binh Duong General Hospital., Methods: It was a cross-sectional and descriptive study. All severe patients with COVID-19 with acute respiratory failure eligible for the study were included. Patient characteristics, clinical symptoms, laboratory results, and treatment methods were collected for analysis; parameters and data related to HFNC treatment and follow-up were analysed., Results: 80 patients, aged of 49.7 ± 16.6 years, were treated with HFNC at admission in ICU. 14 patients had type 2 diabetes (17.5%), 3 patients had chronic respiratory disease (3.8%), 19 patients had high blood pressure (23.8%), and 5 patients with other comorbidities (7.4%). The majority of patients with severe COVID-19 had typical symptoms of COVID-19 such as shortness of breath (97.5%), intensive tired (81.3%), cough (73.7%), anosmia (48.3%), ageusia (41.3%), and fever (26.3%). The results of arterial blood gases demonstrated severe hypoxia under optimal conventional oxygen therapy (PaO 2  = 52.5 ± 17.4 mmHg). Respiratory rate, SpO2, PaO2 were significantly improved after using HFNC at 1st day, 3rd day and 7th day (P < 0.05; P < 0.05; P < 0.01; respectively). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) index was significantly increased after treating with HFNC vs before HFNC treatment (4.79 ± 1.86, 5.53 ± 2.39, and 7.41 ± 4.24 vs 2.97 ± 0.39; P < 0.05, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). 54 (67.5%) patients were success with HFNC treatment and 26 (32.5%) patients with HFNC failure needed to treat with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) (13 patients; 50%) or intubated ventilation (13 patients; 50%)., Conclusion: HFNC therapy could be considered as a useful and effective alternative treatment for patients with acute respiratory failure. HFNC might help to delay the intubated ventilation for patients with respiratory failure and to minimise the risk of invasive ventilation complications and mortality. However, it is crucial to closely monitor the evolution of patient's respiratory status and responsiveness of HFNC treatment to avoid unintended delay of intubation-mechanical ventilation., Trial Registration: An independent ethics committee approved the study (The Ethics Committee of Binh Duong General Hospital; No. HDDD-BVDK BINH DUONG 9.2021), which was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice., Competing Interests: Declarations Conflict of Interest Sy Duong-Quy, Duc Huynh-Truong-Anh, Tram Tang-Thi-Thao, Thu Nguyen-Ngoc-Phuong, Phung Hoang-Phi-Tuyet, Anh Nguyen-Tuan, Toi Nguyen-Van, Thanh Nguyen-Chi, Thanh Nguyen-Thi-Kim, Tien Nguyen- Quang, Thuy Tran-Ngoc-Anh, Nam Nguyen-Van-Hoai, Mai Do-Thi-Thu, Huong Hoang-Thi-Xuan, Thai Nguyen-Duy, Cong Nguyen-Hai, Tuan Huynh-Anh, Quan Vu-Tran-Thien, Khue Bui-Diem, Giang Nguyen-Mong, Hieu Nguyen-Lan, Giap Vu-Van, Phuong Phan-Thu, Long Nguyen-Viet, Chuong Nguyen-Hong, Sy Dinh-Ngoc, Trong Nguyen-Duc, Dung Truong-Viet, Thu Vo-Pham-Minh, Bao Le-Khac, Duc Nguyen-Hong, Timothy Craig, Vinh Nguyen-Nhu have nothing to disclose. Sy Duong-Quy and Timothy Craig are Editorial Board members of PulmonaryTherapy. Sy Duong-Quy and Timothy Craig were not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Ethical Approval This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Binh Duong General Hospital (HDDD-BVDK BINH DUONG 9.2021). Written informed consent was obtained from the participants for the study and publication. The present study was performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its later amendments. This study was conducted as a descriptive study and was not a randomized control trial., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Introduction: The fourth outbreak of COVID-19 with the delta variant in Vietnam was very fierce due to the limited availability of vaccines and the lack of healthcare resources. During that period, the high mortality of patients with severe and critical COVID-19 caused many concerns for the health system, especially the intensive care units. This study aimed to analyze the predictive factors of death and survival in patients with severe and critical COVID-19., Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional and descriptive study on 151 patients with severe and critical COVID-19 hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit of Binh Duong General Hospital., Results: Common clinical symptoms of severe and critical COVID-19 included shortness of breath (97.4%), fatigue (89.4%), cough (76.8%), chest pain (47.7%), loss of smell (48.3%), loss of taste (39.1%), and headache (21.2%). The abnormal biochemical features were leukopenia (2.1%), anemia, thrombocytopenia (18%), hypoxia with low PaO 2 (34.6%), hypocapnia with reduced PaCO 2 (29.6%), and blood acidosis (18.4%). Common complications during hospitalization were septic shock (15.2%), cardiogenic shock (5.3%), and embolism (2.6%). The predictive factors of death were being female, age > 65 years, cardiovascular comorbidity, thrombocytopenia (< 137.10 9 /l), and hypoxia at inclusion or after the first week or blood acidosis (pH < 7.28). The use of a high dose of corticosteroids reduced the mortality during the first 3 weeks of hospitalization but significantly increased risk of death after 3 and 4 weeks., Conclusions: Common clinical symptoms, laboratory features, and death-related complications of critical and severe COVID-19 patients were found in Vietnamese patients during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this study provide new insight into the predictive factors of mortality for patients with severe and critical COVID-19., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Purpose: This study aimed to demonstrate the role of fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in association with Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines for treatment of adult patients with asthma., Methods: It was a prospective and randomized study. The symptomatic asthmatic patients were randomly divided into two groups: GINA group (followed GINA guidelines; N = 86) or GINA + FeNO group (followed GINA guidelines + FeNO for titration of inhaled corticosteroids - ICS; N = 90). They were followed-up for 9 months., Results: In GINA group, 37.2% patients had no treatment and 62.8% patients discontinued treatment vs. 40.0% and 60.0% in GINA + FeNO, respectively. After 3, 6 and 9 months of treatment, the percentage of mild, moderate and severe asthma showed no significant difference between the two groups. At 9th month, Δ moderate asthma (reduction) in GINA + FeNO group was significantly higher than in the GINA group (-22.0% vs. -11.6%; P = 0.018). The improvement of asthma control test (ACT) score was not different between the groups at 9th month (12 ± 6 vs. 10 ± 5; P > 0.05); the level of FeNO reduction in GINA + FeNO group was significantly higher than that in GINA group (-42 ± 11 vs. -35 ± 9; P = 0.022). The daily dose of ICS in GINA + FeNO group was significantly lower than that in GINA group (397 ± 171 vs. 482 ± 240 mcg and 375 ± 203 vs. 424 ± 221 mcg; respectively) at the end of 6 and 9 months., Conclusion: The use of FeNO in association with GINA guidelines has a beneficial role for accurate daily dose of ICS in adult patients with asthma., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interests for this study., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)