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In this study, we examined twenty-five patients with left putaminal haemorrhage to investigate the relations between ideational apraxia (IA) and intracerebral haemorrhage. Apraxias were determined at 1 and 6 months after the stroke onset. Extension and volume of haematoma were examined with CT scan within 2 days of stroke onset. IA was present in 10 cases at 1 month and disappeared in 6 cases (transient IA) and persisted in 4 cases(persisted IA) at 6 months from the onset. Although the haematoma volume related to the existence of IA, there was no significant difference between transient and persistent IA. All three patients with the haematoma volume larger than 40 ml in the transient IA group were younger than 50 years old. All cases with persistent IA were older than 50 years old. Consequently, the existence of IA seems to be partially dependent on the haematoma volume which may cause the organic damage of subcortical white matter. However, patient’s age is also important to determine the prognosis of IA. This maybe related to the nature of the haemorrhage and the mode of the onset. These factors remain to be determined. Copyright 2000 Harcourt Publishers LtdCopyright 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd

The article discusses a partnership between the Cotton CRC and Namoi Catchment Management Authority (NCMA) to conduct a series of whole farm water use efficiency (WUE) evaluations during 2006 and 2008 in the Namoi Valley in Northern New South Wales. Elements assessed include soil moisture monitoring, survey of storages and installation of storage meters. Among the main areas where water can be better used are storage, delivery and application of water on farm.

The article provides information on Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) surveying which can be use in farm planning and management. EMI surveying measures the soil's apparent electrical conductivity. The technology works on the basis that within an electromagnetic field, any conductive body carries a current. The instrument measures the apparent flow of electrical conductivity through the soil, called the soil's apparent electrical conductivity. Readings are affected by the soil's salt content and type, clay content and type, mineralogy, depth to bedrock, soil moisture, organic matter and temperature. The maps produced can be used to identify trends within the survey area and to target locations for further soil investigations to determine the nature of any variability. EMI technology is a useful tool for planning infrastructure layout and for investigating water losses from existing infrastructure such as channels and storage. Construction of water storages, channels and other infrastructure above these lighter soil types can result in significant water losses. Water loss from storages and channels can also be caused by salt in the soil profile as salt aggregates clays, increasing permeability. With increasing pressures on the availability of water in irrigation areas, there is a need to ensure that water is used efficiently. EM data can provide information on the variation in soil types and assist in identifying deep drainage risk across a field.