Search

Copyright of Veterinaria México is the property of Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia UNAM and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Veterinaria México is the property of Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia UNAM and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We evaluated the effect of glycerol on the perinuclear theca (PT) of boar sperm. Samples from six ejaculates obtained from three different boars were incubated in the detergent Brij 36-T. Spermatozoa were treated with a glycerol concentration of either 2 or 4%, and incubated for 10 or 30 min; two other samples were treated with protease inhibitors (PI; leupeptin or an inhibitor commercial cocktail), mixed with 4% glycerol, and incubated for 30 min. A third glycerol-free group was used as the control. The samples were processed for electron microscopy evaluation. The PT remained intact in 78% of the control samples while, after addition of glycerol for 30 min, the proportion of spermatozoa with disrupted or absent PT increased (P < 0.05). PT was preserved in PI samples, but PT changes increased (P < 0.05). Differences due to treatment with glycerol (2 or 4%) at 10 or 30 min were not observed. These results show, to our knowledge for the first time, the adverse effect of glycerol on the integrity of the PT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small-scale family swine production can be seen in thousands of small communities and suburban zones; it is characterized by breeding rural pigs in rustic facilities with basic feed and productive parameters, well below those of technologically advanced farms, with mortality reaching up to 50% of the litter. This type of production involves a large number of producers and has a critical impact on family income. At slaughter, these carcasses have a high probability of being seized because of the presence of cysticercoids (T. solium), losing a high percentage of its economic value; due to absence of slaughterhouses in rural communities, this meat is directed to consumption without health inspection, increasing the risk of transmission of this zoonosis. This paper describes the productive and reproductive characteristics of the backyard production system of pigs in a rural community. Human to pig ratio was 3:1. During the year, 308 piglets were born in 43 litters, 51.7% males and 48.3% females, with an average weight of 40.47 kg at 6 months and 65.30 kg at 10 months. They were slaughtered at 7.3 months on average. The highest death rate was found between 0 and 1 month of age. In many rural communities of Mexico pigs are fed with waste generated in homes, helping maintain the communities clean, as well as with the excreta of other species that usually roam freely, situation that can promote dissemination of parasitic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Veterinaria México is the property of Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia UNAM and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El destete temprano en cerdos es una práctica de manejo cada vez más común; sin embargo, puede relacionarse con problemas de conducta y bienestar. El enriquecimiento ambiental es una herramienta usada para disminuir problemas de conducta, pero no se ha estudiado su efecto en lechones destetados tempranamente a 14 días de edad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del enriquecimiento ambiental sobre la agresión, latencia y producción de cerdos destetados a los 14 días de edad. Se utilizaron 112 cerdos híbridos que se distribuyeron en cuatro grupos: T 1, testigo; T 2, barrera física; T 3, cuerdas y cámara de llanta; y T 4, combinación de T 2 y T 3. Los lechones fueron observados durante 192 h. El estudio se llevó a cabo en tres etapas: de 14 a 27 días, de 28 a 41 días y de 42 a 53 días. Se compararon entre tratamientos y etapas la frecuencia de agresión (FA), la latencia de aproximación al humano (LA) y la ganancia diaria de peso (GDP). La FA y LA fueron mayores en T 1 (P < 0.05) respecto de los otros tres grupos. La latencia disminuyó en todos los tratamientos (P < 0.05). FA disminuyó en T 3 y T 4 (P < 0.05). El grupo T 4 presentó la mejor GDP (P < 0.001). En conclusión, el enriquecimiento ambiental en lechones destetados tempranamente disminuye la incidencia de conductas indeseables y puede tener un efecto positivo sobre el bienestar y la producción. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early weaning of piglets is a common practice in the pig industry; however, this type of management can be related to behavioral and welfare problems. Environmental enrichment can be a useful tool to diminish some of these problems; nevertheless, there is no information about the effect of environmental manipulation on the welfare of piglets weaned at 14 days of age. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of environmental enrichment on aggression, latency and productivity of piglets weaned at 14 days of age. A total of 112 hybrid piglets were assigned into four treatments: T1, control; T2, physic barrier; T3, ropes/tire tube; and T4, combination of T2 and T3. The piglets were observed during 192h divided in three observation periods: 14-27 days, 28-41 days, and 42-53 days. The frequency of aggression (FA), the latency of approaching to a person (LA), and the daily weight gain (DWG) were compared between treatments and between stages. FA and LA were higher in T1 (P < 0.05) than in the other three groups. LA decreased in all treatments (P < 0.05). FA decreased in T3 and T4 (P < 0.05). T4 had the higher DWG (P < 0.001). Environmental manipulation in piglets weaned at 14 days of age decreased the incidence of abnormal behaviors and can have a positive effect on welfare and productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a highly contagious enteric disease of pigs, which has caused great economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. The known measure for PED control prior to the development and launch of vaccines in 2017 in Mexico, was "feedback" or "liquefaction". It was a widely used measure during the PED outbreak in 2013; however, there is no homogeneity in its use among the various authors who recommend it. Currently, several studies have experimented with other types of prophylaxis, such as oral immunization with PED virus obtained from cell culture isolation, which allows quantification of the infectious virus and ensures that only the virus, and no other agent, is being used as inoculum. The objective of the present study was to compare the time of seroconversion in sows inoculated with the quantified virus with four different vehicles (milk, wheat, direct, and water) and different doses of vehicle (1 ml, 2 ml, and 3 ml) at different pregnancy stages and with a different number of farrowings. The study was conducted at CEIEPP, a full-cycle farm with 170 females. The present study showed that the vehicles with the best results were the inoculum with water and the direct inoculum combined with the 1 ml dose, as the combination of these vehicles and an inoculum dose resulted in seroconversion in more than 90 % of the sows from the second week post inoculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the productive performance and production costs per weaned piglet and finished pig in swine farms with different PRRS virus vaccination protocols under field conditions, the indicators total piglets born alive, stillborn piglets, weaned piglets, birth and weaning weights, fattening days and final weight, as well as the costs per weaned piglet and finished pig of two farms under a semi-technification regime were analyzed: a) Protocol 1 (P1), a farm with vaccination of breeding sows and piglets; and b) Protocol 2 (P2), vaccination of breeding sows only. The productivity indicators up to weaning were evaluated with a Time-Repeated Measures Design, and the fattening indicators were evaluated with an analysis of variance with comparison of means. The costs were determined using the general cost formula. It was possible to observe differences in total number of piglets born and of mummies (P<0.05) in favor of P2, weaned piglets, as well as in birth and weaning weights in favor of P1, but no differences in the rest of the variables. Pigs finished in P1 resulted in 12 more days of fattening and a final weight of 3.13 kg more than P2. The costs per weaned piglet were $389.55 and $424.25 Mexican pesos, and the average cost per day of fattening were $10.01 and $11.43, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis y M. hyopsynoviae son especies genéticamente relacionadas del género Mycoplasma que afectan la producción porcina. El objetivo de este trabajo fue el aislamiento e identificación por PCR de M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis y M. hyosynoviae a partir de hisopos nasales y muestras de pulmón de cerdos de diferentes regiones mexicanas para determinar la frecuencia de estas especies y evaluar la PCR como herramienta diagnóstica para NEP. Se incluyeron cerdos de 4 a 8 semanas con diagnóstico clínico de NEP. Se obtuvieron muestras de pulmón e hisopos nasales para el aislamiento de Mycoplasma en medio Friis líquido y se identificaron mediante la PCR especie-específica basada en la subunidad 16S rRNA. El aislamiento se logró en 37.11 % (36/97) muestras. Las tres especies de Mycoplasma se identificaron en muestras de pulmón e hisopos nasales. La co-infección por Mycoplasma se identificó en el 27.77 % (10/36). Los géneros bacterianos asociados a las infecciones por Mycoplasma fueron E. coli, Bordetella, Enterobacter, SCN, Corynebacterium, Pasteurella, Streptococcus, Shigella y Kebsiella. La infección mixta estuvo presente en 26 hisopos nasales (45.61 %) y ausente en pulmones. Se concluyó que la frecuencia de Mycoplasma en las fincas de producción fue mayor a la esperada (40.27 %). También se identificaron otras especies de Mycoplasma involucradas en el desarrollo de la NEP. Por lo tanto, la vigilancia asistida por el aislamiento y las técnicas moleculares pueden ser de gran ayuda para la eliminación de Mycoplasma de las explotaciones porcinas y para los proveedores de pie de cría. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]