16 results on '"Trueman, Ian C."'
Search Results
2. Are there Assembly Rules for Plant Species Abundance? An Investigation in Relation to Soil Resources and Successional Trends
- Author
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Wilson, J. Bastow, Trueman, Ian C., Jones, Grant, Atkinson, M. D., Crawley, Mick J., Dodd, Mike E., and Silvertown, Jonathan
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The use of the axiophyte species concept to describe the ecological network of the Birmingham and Black Country of the UK West Midlands
- Author
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Trueman Ian C., Carvalho Sara, and Slater Andrew
- Subjects
urban ecology ,indicator species ,flora ,landscape ,conservation ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
The UK conurbation of Birmingham and the Black Country has recently been surveyed for a new Flora, on the basis of a 1 km square grid. The present paper uses the data to describe the ecological network of the conurbation. The total number of taxa per 1 km squares is shown to be moderately but significantly correlated, and the number of native taxa more strongly correlated, with the area of the previously-established network of protected sites. Nevertheless coincidence maps of total numbers or numbers of native species per 1 km square give only poor representations of the ecological network compared with maps of protected sites. Axiophytes are defined as plant species 90% restricted to conservation habitats and recorded in fewer than 25% of 2km × 2km squares in a county. Applying the concept to 1 km squares in Birmingham and the Black Country creates a list of 256 axiophytes. Numbers of axiophytes are shown to be more strongly correlated with areas of protected sites than total taxa or native taxa and a coincidence map of the axiophytes is found to provide a useful quantitative assessment of the ecological network. Maps of axiophytes are used to divide the network into core and linking areas and their use in consolidating and improving the botanical ecological network is explored.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Anthropogenic disturbance as a factor supporting the development of rare species as exemplified by Botrychium matricariifolium in the Silesia region of Poland : [poster]
- Author
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Tokarska-Guzik, Barbara, Tlałka, Dariusz, Nowak, Teresa, Cohn, Eleanor, and Trueman, Ian C.
- Subjects
Botrychium matricariifolium ,Silesia region ,rare plant ,Poland - Abstract
Botrychium matricariifolium (Retz) A. Braun ex W.D. J. Koch (daisy-leaved moonwort; Ophioglossaceae), an endangered and strictly protected species ofmoonwort has lost significant number of its localitiesduring recent decades in Poland. From over 200 knownlocalities from the area of the entire country, only aboutthirty were confirmed in the period of last 30 years. Themajority of known populations usually consists of a fewindividuals or even a single individual plant. Little isknown about the life history of the species, and what ismore, until now no monitoring of the existing populations has taken place (Fragment tekstu).
- Published
- 2014
5. The role of long‐term landscape photography as a tool in dune management
- Author
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Millington, Jennifer A., Booth, Colin A., Fullen, Michael A., Moore, Glenis M., Trueman, Ian C., Worsley, Annie T., Richardson, Nigel, and Baltrėnaitė, Edita
- Subjects
photographic survey ,pedogenic development ,erosion/accretion processes ,coastal dune management ,coastal change - Abstract
Attitudes to maintaining dune diversity are changing under the realization that existing dune stabilization techniques are fixing dune landscapes, causing ‘coastal squeeze’ and loss of habitat as shorelines retreat. Instead, it is recommended that a natural, dynamic, migrating dune system is much more appropriate and that blown, unstable sands are encouraged to act as mobile coastal defence barriers. Lack of appropriate monitoring techniques has limited progress in understanding the role of sediment dynamics in dune environments over long timescales. Therefore, this paper outlines the role of straightforward and inexpensive photography, from fixed points and angles, as a useful approach to long‐term, decadal monitoring of the evolution and migration of dynamic dune landforms. The case study, on the Morfa Dyffryn dunes, Gwynedd, mid‐Wales, United Kingdom (National Grid Reference SH563240), identified particularly dynamic mobile fo‐redunes, with cyclical morphological development, paralleling to an overall landward recession. A cyclical trend of sand encroachment, followed by stabilization with growing vegetation, is documented for semi‐fixed dune pastures, while the hind dunes remained stable. A general relationship between foredune morphology and erosion/accretion processes was established, offering the prospect of predicting future dune morphological changes in other dune systems, if increased blown sand activity is encouraged as a management technique. Ilgalaikis kraštovaizdžio fotografavimas kaip priemonė numatant kopų valdymą Santrauka.Požiūris išlaikyti kopų įvairovę kinta, suvokiant, kad esamos kopų stabilizavimo priemonės, formuojant kopų kraštovaizdį, nepadeda išvengti pajūrio ruožo susiaurėjimo ir arealo praradimo atsitraukiant kranto linijai. Kita vertus, rekomenduojama išsaugoti natūralią dinamišką ir migruojančią kopų sistemą, kad nupustomi labilūs smėliai atliktų mobilių kranto apsaugos barjerų funkciją. Dėl tinkamų monitoringo priemonių trūkumo sulėtėjo patirties apie ilgalaikę nuosėdų dinamiką kopų aplinkoje kaupimas. Darbe aprašomas tiesioginis ir didelių išlaidų nereikalaujantis fotografijos metodas, kuris galėtų būti taikomas minėtoms problemoms spręsti. Metodas pagrįstas fotografavimu fiksuotuose taškuose ir tomis pačiomis kryptimis. Tai gali būti naudingas būdas ilgalaikiam monitoringui – stebėti dinaminių kopų sausumos darinių migraciją dešimtmečius. Tiriamoji vieta – Morfa Dyffryn kopos, Gwynedd, Velso vidurinėje dalyje Jungtinėje Karalystėje (nacionalinėje koordinačių sistemoje SH563240). Tai ypač dinamiškos priešakinės kopos. Joms būdinga cikliška morfologinė raida, prilygstanti bendrajam atsitraukimui iš sausumo pusės. Cikliška smėlio įsibrovimo tendencija, po kurio vyksta augalijos stabilizavimasis, būdinga pusiau sutvirtintoms kopoms, kai užnugarinės kopos lieka stabilios. Darbe nustatytos bendros sąsajos tarp priešakinių kopų morfologijos ir erozijos/akrecijos procesų, siūlomas morfologinių pokyčių numatymo būdas, kuris galėtų tapti valdymo priemone ir kitose kopų sistemose, kur smėlis ypač pustomas. Reikšminiai žodžiai: pakrantės kopų valdymas, fotografinė apžvalga, erozijos/akrecijos procesai, pedogeninis vystymas, pakrantės kitimas. Многолетнее фотографирование ландшафта как способ слежения за дюнами Резюме.Мнение о том, как сохранить разнообразие дюн, меняется, если принять во внимание, что существующие способы стабилизации дюн формируют ландшафт с дюнами, „сжимают“ приморье и теряют ареал из-за отступления линии берега. С другой стороны, рекомендуется сохранить естественную, динамичную и мигрирующую систему, чтобы сдуваемые, подвижные пески служили мобильными барьерами для защиты берега. Из-за нехватки соответствующих средств мониторинга замедлилось получение сведений о многолетней динамике отложений в среде дюн. С целью восполнить пробел в статье описывается не требующий больших затрат метод фотографирования. Он основан на фотографировании в фиксированных точках и в тех же направлениях и может стать полезным способом осуществления многолетнего мониторинга миграции динамичных дюн. Исследования проводились в динамичных передних дюнах Morfa Dyffryn, Gwynedd, в средней части Уэльса в Англии (в Национальной системе координат SH563240). Для них характерно цикличное морфологическое развитие, соответствующее общему отступлению со стороны суши. Цикличная тенденция наступления песка, после чего стабилизируется растительность, характерна для отчасти укрепленных дюн в том случае, если задние дюны остаются стабильными. Установлена связь между процессами морфологии передних дюн и эрозии/аккреции, предложен способ предвидения морфологических изменений в качестве средства управления процессом и в других системах дюн, в которых усилилась деятельность подвижного песка. Ключевые слова: управление процессами, происходящими в прибрежных дюнах, фотографический обзор, процессы эрозии/аккреции, педогенное развитие, изменение берегов. First Published Online: 14 Oct 2010
- Published
- 2009
6. Ilgalaikis kraštovaizdžio fotografavimas kaip priemonė numatant kopų valdymą
- Author
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Millington, Jennifer A., Booth, Colin A., Fullen, Michael A, Moore, Glenis M., Trueman, Ian C., Richardson, Nigel, and Baltrėnaitė, Edita
- Subjects
Erozijos/akrecijos procesai ,Coastal dune management ,Coastal change ,Photographic survey ,Pedogenic development ,Pakrantės kopų valdymas ,Fotografinė apžvalga ,Pakrantės kitimas ,Erosion/accretion processes ,Pedogeninis vystymas - Abstract
Attitudes to maintaining dune diversity are changing under the realization that existing dune stabilization techniques are fixing dune landscapes, causing ’coastal squeeze’ and loss of habitat as shorelines retreat. Instead, it is recommended that a natural, dynamic, migrating dune system is much more appropriate and that blown, unstable sands are encouraged to act as mobile coastal defence barriers. Lack of appropriate monitoring techniques has limited progress in understanding the role of sediment dynamics in dune environments over long timescales. Therefore, this paper outlines the role of straightforward and inexpensive photography, from fixed points and angles, as a useful approach to long-term, decadal monitoring of the evolution and migration of dynamic dune landforms. The case study, on the Morfa Dyffryn dunes, Gwynedd, mid-Wales, United Kingdom (National Grid Reference SH563240), identified particularly dynamic mobile foredunes, with cyclical morphological development, paralleling to an overall landward recession. A cyclical trend of sand encroachment, followed by stabilization with growing vegetation, is documented for semi-fixed dune pastures, while the hind dunes remained stable. A general relationship between foredune morphology and erosion/accretion processes was established, offering the prospect of predicting future dune morphological changes in other dune systems, if increased blown sand activity is encouraged as a management technique., Lietuviška santrauka. Požiūris išlaikyti kopų įvairovę kinta, suvokiant, kad esamos kopų stabilizavimo priemonės, formuojant kopų kraštovaizdį, nepadeda išvengti pajūrio ruožo susiaurėjimo ir arealo praradimo atsitraukiant kranto linijai. Kita vertus, rekomenduojama išsaugoti natūralią dinamišką ir migruojančią kopų sistemą, kad nupustomi labilūs smėliai atliktų mobilių kranto apsaugos barjerų funkciją. Dėl tinkamų monitoringo priemonių trūkumo sulėtėjo patirties apie ilgalaikę nuosėdų dinamiką kopų aplinkoje kaupimas. Darbe aprašomas tiesioginis ir didelių išlaidų nereikalaujantis fotografijos metodas, kuris galėtų būti taikomas minėtoms problemoms spręsti. Metodas pagrįstas fotografavimu fiksuotuose taškuose ir tomis pačiomis kryptimis. Tai gali būti naudingas būdas ilgalaikiam monitoringui – stebėti dinaminių kopų sausumos darinių migraciją dešimtmečius. Tiriamoji vieta – Morfa Dyffryn kopos, Gwynedd, Velso vidurinėje dalyje Jungtinėje Karalystėje (nacionalinėje koordinačių sistemoje SH563240). Tai ypač dinamiškos priešakinės kopos. Joms būdinga cikliška morfologinė raida, prilygstanti bendrajam atsitraukimui iš sausumo pusės. Cikliška smėlio įsibrovimo tendencija, po kurio vyksta augalijos stabilizavimasis, būdinga pusiau sutvirtintoms kopoms, kai užnugarinės kopos lieka stabilios. Darbe nustatytos bendros sąsajos tarp priešakinių kopų morfologijos ir erozijos/akrecijos procesų, siūlomas morfologinių pokyčių numatymo būdas, kuris galėtų tapti valdymo priemone ir kitose kopų sistemose, kur smėlis ypač pustomas.
- Published
- 2009
7. Ilgalaikis kraštovaizdžio fotografavimas kaip priemonė numatant kopų valdymą
- Author
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Millington, Jennifer A, Booth, Colin A, Fullen, Michael A, Moore, Glenis M, Trueman, Ian C, Worsley, Annie T, Richardson, Nigel, and Baltrėnaitė, Edita
- Subjects
Erozijos/akrecijos procesai ,Coastal dune management ,Coastal change ,Photographic survey ,Pedogenic development ,Pakrantės kopų valdymas ,Fotografinė apžvalga ,Pakrantės kitimas ,Erosion/accretion processes ,Pedogeninis vystymas - Abstract
Attitudes to maintaining dune diversity are changing under the realization that existing dune stabilization techniques are fixing dune landscapes, causing ’coastal squeeze’ and loss of habitat as shorelines retreat. Instead, it is recommended that a natural, dynamic, migrating dune system is much more appropriate and that blown, unstable sands are encouraged to act as mobile coastal defence barriers. Lack of appropriate monitoring techniques has limited progress in understanding the role of sediment dynamics in dune environments over long timescales. Therefore, this paper outlines the role of straightforward and inexpensive photography, from fixed points and angles, as a useful approach to long-term, decadal monitoring of the evolution and migration of dynamic dune landforms. The case study, on the Morfa Dyffryn dunes, Gwynedd, mid-Wales, United Kingdom (National Grid Reference SH563240), identified particularly dynamic mobile foredunes, with cyclical morphological development, paralleling to an overall landward recession. A cyclical trend of sand encroachment, followed by stabilization with growing vegetation, is documented for semi-fixed dune pastures, while the hind dunes remained stable. A general relationship between foredune morphology and erosion/accretion processes was established, offering the prospect of predicting future dune morphological changes in other dune systems, if increased blown sand activity is encouraged as a management technique., Lietuviška santrauka. Požiūris išlaikyti kopų įvairovę kinta, suvokiant, kad esamos kopų stabilizavimo priemonės, formuojant kopų kraštovaizdį, nepadeda išvengti pajūrio ruožo susiaurėjimo ir arealo praradimo atsitraukiant kranto linijai. Kita vertus, rekomenduojama išsaugoti natūralią dinamišką ir migruojančią kopų sistemą, kad nupustomi labilūs smėliai atliktų mobilių kranto apsaugos barjerų funkciją. Dėl tinkamų monitoringo priemonių trūkumo sulėtėjo patirties apie ilgalaikę nuosėdų dinamiką kopų aplinkoje kaupimas. Darbe aprašomas tiesioginis ir didelių išlaidų nereikalaujantis fotografijos metodas, kuris galėtų būti taikomas minėtoms problemoms spręsti. Metodas pagrįstas fotografavimu fiksuotuose taškuose ir tomis pačiomis kryptimis. Tai gali būti naudingas būdas ilgalaikiam monitoringui – stebėti dinaminių kopų sausumos darinių migraciją dešimtmečius. Tiriamoji vieta – Morfa Dyffryn kopos, Gwynedd, Velso vidurinėje dalyje Jungtinėje Karalystėje (nacionalinėje koordinačių sistemoje SH563240). Tai ypač dinamiškos priešakinės kopos. Joms būdinga cikliška morfologinė raida, prilygstanti bendrajam atsitraukimui iš sausumo pusės. Cikliška smėlio įsibrovimo tendencija, po kurio vyksta augalijos stabilizavimasis, būdinga pusiau sutvirtintoms kopoms, kai užnugarinės kopos lieka stabilios. Darbe nustatytos bendros sąsajos tarp priešakinių kopų morfologijos ir erozijos/akrecijos procesų, siūlomas morfologinių pokyčių numatymo būdas, kuris galėtų tapti valdymo priemone ir kitose kopų sistemose, kur smėlis ypač pustomas.
- Published
- 2009
8. Introduction and timetable
- Author
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Cohn, Eleanor V. J., Trueman, Ian C., Tokarska-Guzik, Barbara, and Woźniak, Gabriela
- Subjects
Ekorozwój - Polska ,aspekt środowiskowy ,podręczniki akademickie - Abstract
The problem of environmental assessment, which is addressed in this module, is much more about bringing together a very wide range of skills and approaches than investigating in depth from a single point of view. We have therefore adopted an empirical approach where you, the student, will start from a real problem and, under the supervision of a course team with a range of skills, will assemble a viable and holistic approach to its solution. [fragm. tekstu]
- Published
- 2000
9. The lecture programme
- Author
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Cohn, Eleanor V. J., Trueman, Ian C., Tokarska-Guzik, Barbara, and Woźniak, Gabriela
- Subjects
ekorozwój - Polska ,aspekt środowiskowy ,przemysł ,podręczniki akademickie - Abstract
Environmental management can be viewed as a complete spectrum along which society first identifies an issue or pro-blem, and subsequently assesses its importance, develops possible solutions, implements actions, then monitors (and evaluates) the effectiveness of the actions. There are different “players” or “actors” at each stage, e.g. the government or local authorities, nongovernmental organisations (NGOs), environmental consultants, scientists, individuals, etc. At each stage different actors can have an input into a particular process of varying significance, depending on the issue or problem identified. [fragm. tekstu]
- Published
- 2000
10. Ecological Value of Urban Environments
- Author
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Trueman, Ian C., primary and Young, Christopher H., additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Evaluation of invasive plant species in Poland: methods adopted and results of their application as a basis for practical action
- Author
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Karolina Mazurska, Wojciech Solarz, Katarzyna Bzdęga, Władysław Danielewicz, Bogdan Jackowiak, Zygmunt Dajdok, Beata Woziwoda, Trueman, Ian C., Damian Chmura, Maciej Gąbka, Dan Wołkowycki, Czesław Hołdyński, Teresa Nowak, Emilia Brzosko, Lech Krzysztofiak, Kamil Najberek, Andrzej Pasierbiński, Agnieszka Smieja, Zbigniew Celka, Magdalena Szymura, Anna Gazda, Ludwik Żołnierz, Wojciech Adamowski, Wiesław Król, Ryszard Kamiński, Łukasz Krajewski, Paweł Mirski, Magdalena Podlaska, Justyna Wylazłowska, Przemysław Bąbelewski, Anna Bomanowska, Zygmunt Sobisz, Marian Szewczyk, Gabriela Woźniak, Barbara Tokarska-Guzik, Dominik Kopeć, Alina Urbisz, Anna Otręba, Andrzej Purcel, Blanka Wiatrowska, Anna Halladin-Dąbrowska, Izabela Sachajdakiewicz, Agnieszka Kompała-Bąba, Dorota Michalska-Hejduk, Tadeusz Korniak, Anna Krzysztofiak, Elżbieta Melon, Monika Myśliwy, Zofia Sotek, Adam Zając, Maria Zając, Stanisław Rosadziński, Michał Śliwiński, Aleksandra Halerewicz, Ewa Szczęśniak, Agnieszka Anna Popiela, Agnieszka Kolada, Barbara Sudnik-Wójcikowska, and Edyta Sierka
12. Evaluation of invasive plant species in Poland: methods adopted and results of their application as a basis for practical action
- Author
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Emilia Brzosko, Wojciech Adamowski, Magdalena Szymura, Zbigniew Celka, Czesław Hołdyński, Dan Wołkowycki, Tadeusz Korniak, Maria Zając, Adam Zając, Zofia Sotek, Dorota Michalska‐Hejduk, Agnieszka Kompała‐Bąba, Izabela Sachajdakiewicz, Julian Chmiel, Zygmunt Dajdok, Barbara Tokarska‐Guzik, Trueman, Ian C., Anna Gazda, Maciej Gąbka, Damian Chmura, Teresa Nowak, Barbara Sudnik‐Wójcikowska, Bogdan Jackowiak, Władysław Danielewicz, Katarzyna Bzdęga, Wojciech Solarz, Karolina Mazurska, Alina Urbisz, Zbigniew Sobisz, Magdalena Podlaska, Paweł Mirski, Łukasz Krajewski, Ryszard Kamiński, Anna Bomanowska, Agnieszka Smieja, Andrzej Pasierbiński, Kamil Najberek, Lech Krzysztofiak, Wiesław Król, Ludwik Żołnierz, Gabriela Woźniak, Marian Szewczyk, Stanisław Rosadziński, Monika Myśliwy, Elżbieta Melon, Anna Krzysztofiak, Przemysław Bąbelewski, Justyna Wylazłowska, Beata Woziwoda, Blanka Wiatrowska, Andrzej Purcel, Anna Otręba, Dominik Kopeć, Anna Halladin‐Dąbrowska, Aleksandra Halerewicz, Michał Śliwiński, Ewa Szczęśniak, Agnieszka Anna Popiela, Agnieszka Kolada, and Edyta Sierka
13. Pedogenesis on the Sefton Coastal Dunes, NW England
- Author
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Millington, Jennifer A., Booth, Colin A., Fullen, Michael A., and Trueman, Ian C.
- Subjects
551.4 ,Coast ,Dune ,Pedogenesis ,Soil ,Geomorphology ,Climate change ,Sea level - Abstract
This work examines the use of pedo-properties to identify dune soil system responses to environmental change on the Sefton coast, based on the development of conceptual pedogenic models. Previous environmental change and shoreline dynamics are determined through O.S. maps and aerial photographs, while present day processes are investigated through a dune-toe photographic survey and seasonal monitoring by fixed point photography. Topsoil (0-5 cm) physico-chemical characteristics are presented in a series of baseline GIS maps, displaying spatial pedo-property variation across the dune landscape. Combined with vegetation data, topsoil analysis identifies 10 distinct pedo-environments. Physico-chemical characteristics of associated National Soil Resources Institute (NSRI) soil profile classifications and an exposed stratigraphic section are presented graphically in a proposed sequence of development. Topsoil and soil profile samples are analysed for soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM) content, particle size, geochemical composition and mineral magnetism. Significant differences (p <0.05) are apparent for the suite of topsoil characteristics collated, indicating discrete dune environments are influenced by specific soil properties. Distinct down-profile variations in soil characteristics are also apparent between dune environments, highlighting pedological dynamism. Multivariate Factor analysis groups bare sand and mobile dune communities into ‘frontal dunes’ and fixed dune community, pasture, scrub, deciduous woodland and coniferous plantations into ‘hind dunes’, separating these topsoil environments from heath and slack communities. Factor analysis also identifies linkages between pedo-characteristics within soil profile horizons, suggesting pedogenesis on the Sefton dunes initiates as raw sand, progressing to sand-pararendzinas through leaching of nutrients. Desalinization and decalcification processes lead to brown earth development, followed by increased acidicification, subsequently, resulting in micro-podzol formation. Groundwater gley soils are associated with dune slacks, where drainage is inhibited and anaerobic conditions prevail. Analysis of buried soils suggests such pedo-environment formations are cyclic, responding to phases of shoreline regression/transgression, dune activity and stabilization. Conceptual models are designed to graphically demonstrate pedogenesis under both erosion and deposition regimes on the Sefton coast. Regression equations and correlation coefficients between pedo-properties and distance from mean high water are used as a proxy for soil age, which represent lateral soil maturity from the unstable frontal dunes to the stable hind dunes inland. The models simulate formation and process of the full array of soil properties, accounting for geomorphological impacts and anthropogenic influences. This has great implications for dune managers by raising awareness of pedogenesis as an integral part of nature and associated habitats, which could be incorporated in future shoreline management plans (SMPs).
- Published
- 2010
14. Land use and vegetation change on the Long Mynd
- Author
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Musgrove, Nicholas James, Packham, J., Trueman, Ian C., and Hill, M. O.
- Subjects
581.7 ,Long Mynd ,Heather ,Bracken ,Management ,Grazing pressure ,WinTWINS ,Canoco - Abstract
The plant communities of the Long Mynd plateau are the culmination of over 3000 years of human intervention that largely deforested the uplands, and subsequently maintained the generally treeless heath and grassland communities now extant. The capacity of these communities to respond to directional change is well known, indeed the traditional mode of heathland management, burning, depends on the regenerative capacity of the target species, generally heather (Calluna vulgaris), for its success. However, changes in post WW2 stocking practice; the loss of ponies followed by an increase in the numbers of sheep and a change to them being overwintered on the hill, led to excessive grazing and damage to the heath. This coincided with the spread over the hill by bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) and other changes in the distribution and nature of the vegetation. A sequence of vegetation surveys made by various individuals and organisations over the past 75 years or so has been analysed in an attempt to delineate spatial and temporal changes in the vegetation. This demonstrated the need for a standardised survey methodology to allow consistent monitoring. The analysis showed that bracken had been infiltrating most of the communities from its origins outside the lower limits of the Common as well as from some of the valley sides. Within the last decade, this expansion has apparently been contained in line with the current management plan for control. A survey of 730 quadrats in some 30 stands was made to characterise the variation of the vegetation on the plateau, and to relate it to some of the associated environmental factors. Classification, unconstrained ordination and ordination constrained by the abiotic environmental variables, showed that, a) the strongest trend in the vegetation distinguished water-flushed communities, b) non-wetland communities differentiate between heathland and grassland, c) this trend can be only partly be attributed to the measured abiotic environmental variables, d) the amount of pure Pteridietum [U20] is limited, although much of the heathland and grassland has bracken within it. There are indications that invasion by bracken often correlates with a loss of dominance of Calluna in favour of Deschampsia flexuosa and Vaccinium myrtillus. Difficulties in associating these trends with measured abiotic variables suggests, other factors probably management processes, are critical in driving this trend. Distribution of ‘heathland’ bryophytes was found to be associated more with the structure of their ‘host’ vascular communities rather than with abiotic factors. Finally, this investigation considers the practical implications with regard to the future encouragement of heather and the control of bracken. Cutting rather than burning appears to be the ecologically most suitable method for heather regeneration and bracken control.
- Published
- 2009
15. The effects of rehabilitation management on the vegetation of Fenn's, Whixall and Bettisfield Mosses National Nature Reserve : a cut-over lowland raised mire
- Author
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Horton, Karen and Trueman, Ian C.
- Subjects
581.7 ,Mire ,Bog ,Regeneration ,Sphagnum ,Peatland ,Water table ,Whixall ,Rehabilitation - Abstract
The relationship between vegetation change and rehabilitation management is investigated at a severely degraded cut-over lowland raised mire on the Wales/England border, managed by Natural England and The Countryside Council for Wales. Positive responses are confirmed 11 years after rehabilitation commenced, identifying trends towards raised mire as well as bog pool vegetation and water table thresholds associated with these trends have been established. A landscape-scale vegetation survey was carried out three times over 9 years. Species abundance was correlated with average seasonal water table height, time since rehabilitation, cutting type and survey year. Key species maps for the time series confirmed positive vegetation response, but slower than stipulated in the site management plan. There was a clear increase in the target peat-forming species (Sphagnum cuspidatum, Eriophorum angustifolium and E. vaginatum) as a direct response to rehabilitation and correlating positively with a high water table. Permanent quadrat vegetation monitoring was carried out three times at five-year intervals. Uncut areas and areas of recent commercial cuttings were rehabilitated earliest having significant increases in target mire species without the loss of other mire species from excess inundation. In the recent commercial cutting areas, a successional trend was identified, from a low water table to a fluctuating water table characterised by Molinia caerulea-rich vegetation, followed by a transition to stable, inundated conditions supporting Sphagnum cuspidatum/Eriophorum spp pool vegetation. A second successional trend, associated with the achievement of a near-surface, stable water table, saw the development of raised mire vegetation including Sphagna other than S. cuspidatum. This latter trend was primarily found in the uncut areas of the site but was also found to a lesser extent in recently cut-over areas where it was preceded by a fluctuating water table with a Calluna vulgaris- Molinia caerulea vegetation. A new survey related water table residence time calculated from hydrology data with vegetation for each quadrat. Analysis identified a mire pool vegetation type correlated with shallow, above surface flooding. A diverse mire vegetation type was also found which correlated with the water table staying within the upper 10cm of peat. The minimum threshold for establishment of Sphagnum species was found to be an average water table level within the range of 5.1 to 10cm below the peat surface. Higher cover of Sphagnum species was related to shallow flooding – suggesting that these conditions would be most efficient in re-establishing mire vegetation. 3 A base-line vegetation monitoring survey on an area immediately following deforestation and damming identified a subtle but positive response of the mire vegetation to management within one year.
- Published
- 2008
16. A comparative study of Corynephorus canescens (L.) P.Beauv. communities of inland sand dunes in England and Poland
- Author
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Blunt, Arthur Godfrey, Trueman, Ian C., Harding, D., and Jurasz, W.
- Subjects
581.7 ,Corynephorus canescens ,Corynephorus ,C. canescens ,Sand dunes ,Inland dunes ,Poland ,England - Abstract
Inland sand dunes supporting Grey Hair-grass Corynephorus canescens are a declining European habitat designated for conservation under the EU’s Habitats Directive. In Britain they are confined to a handful of sites in East Anglia and the West Midlands. This study investigated the relationships of the British populations to each other and to populations on five sites in Poland, where C. canescens is still widespread. It also conducted exploratory investigations into factors relevant to the conservation of this ecosystem, particularly in the West Midlands. Data were collected chiefly from 1m2 quadrat samples and direct sampling, which recorded the plants and animals present together with parameters such as vigour and fecundity in C. canescens, amounts of bare sand and litter, and measures of erosion and grazing. These data were variously analysed including by CANOCO multivariate analysis and, for the vegetation, TWINSPAN analysis. 153 taxa of plants and 251 of invertebrates were identified. Though strongly distributed on a regional basis, both flora and invertebrate fauna showed relationships particularly between Polish and West Midlands sites. Analysis of the vegetation suggested that West Midlands vegetation had some associations with C. canescens habitats in Europe and that East Anglian vegetation had links with British coastal C. canescens habitats. The invertebrate fauna showed some complex community relationships in Poland and the West Midlands but less so in East Anglia, while assemblages of invertebrates were associated with various vegetational and abiotic factors. Rabbits and hares were the only vertebrates regularly exploiting C. canescens habitats, which they grazed and, in the former case, produced sand disturbances for colonisation by C. canescens. Ants and to a lesser degree some other invertebrates also produced sand disturbances. Observations made in a preliminary cultivation study in the West Midlands suggested that C. canescens may have a biennial phenology, high fecundity, low germination rates and limited dispersal powers in that region. A trampling investigation suggested that C. canescens may be very sensitive to heavy uncontrolled trampling and to vegetational succession under protection. Stages in succession of the C. canescens community were identified, and suggestions for further study and the conservation of C. canescens were drawn up.
- Published
- 2008
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