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The introduction of anti‐Rh(D) immunoglobulin more than 50 years ago has resulted in only a 50% decrease in Rhesus disease globally owing to a low uptake of this prophylactic approach. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, International Confederation of Midwives, and Worldwide Initiative for Rhesus Disease Eradication have reviewed current evidence regarding the utility of anti‐Rh(D) immunoglobulin. Taking into account the effectiveness anti‐Rh(D), the new guidelines propose adjusting the dose for different indications and prioritizing its administration by indication., These FIGO/ICM guidelines review the evidence regarding the usefulness of anti‐Rh(D) immunoglobulin, prioritizing its administration by indication.

Background Afghanistan has one of the world’s highest maternal mortality ratios, in some areas more than 60% of women have no access to a skilled birth attendant. The main challenges for Afghan childbearing women are access to skilled birth attendance, emergency obstetric care and reliable contraception. The NGO-based project Advancing Maternal and Newborn Health in Afghanistan has supported education of midwives since 2002, according to the national plan for midwifery education. The aim of this study is to explore women´s experiences with professional midwifery care in four villages in Afghanistan covered by the project, to uncover challenges and improve services in rural and conflict-affected areas of the country. Methods An explorative case study approach was adopted. Fourteen in-depth interviews and four focus group discussions were conducted. Totally, 39 women participated; 25 who had given birth during the last six months, 11 mothers-in-laws and three community midwives in the provinces of Kunar and Laghman. Data generated by the interviews and observations was analysed through a thematic content analysis. Findings The women reported that the trained midwives’ life-saving competence, skills and care were important reasons for giving birth in a clinic, and the midwives seemed to be appreciated by many of the women, making more women to choose to give birth in the clinic. Women further appreciated midwives’ promotion of immediate skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding. However, some women experienced rudeness, discrimination and negligence from the midwives. Moreover, disapproval from relatives, shame and problems with transport and security were important obstacles to women giving birth in the clinics. Conclusions Local recruitment and professional education of midwives as promoted by Afghan authorities and applied in the project seem successful in promoting utilization and satisfaction with maternal and newborn health services in rural Afghanistan. Nevertheless, the quality of the services is still wanting, with some women complaining of disrespectful care. There seems to be a need to focus more on communication issues during the education of midwives. An increased focus on in-service training and factors promoting quality care and respectful communication is necessary and should be prioritized.