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Within the context of an observed increase in the numbers of burst pipes associated with colder winters in the Anglian water region, we have analysed temperature data for England and Wales from the period 1991-2012 to identify cold winter periods. To do so, we have calculated the annual accumulated temperature below 1 °C for each MORECS square over the winter period. The resulting data has been mapped for both the whole of England and Wales as well as just for the Anglian Water region. The data shows that the four winters between 2008-2012 were considerably colder than the preceding eleven winters. Additionally, for the winter of 2011-2012, the average temperature for all England of Wales was warmer than the 1991-2011 period average. However locally, in the Anglian Water region, the average temperatures were colder than the 1991-2011 average. The available MORECS data shows that while there are some periods of time with warmer winters (e.g. 1997-2008) and periods with colder winters (1990-1994, 1995-1997 and 2008- 2012), the lengths of these periods are considerably variable. From the MORECS data for the period 1991-2012, there does not appear to be a cyclical or predictable pattern in determining the harshness of the winter period.

Anglian Water plc. have recorded a recent rise in the number of bursts to water mains, impacting on the reportable serviceability of the network to the regulator. Cranfield University National Soil Resources Institute were asked to investigate and advise on potential environmental causes for this. This report Soil and Climatic causes of water mains infrastructure bursts forms a part of the contractual obligations entered into by Cranfield University with Anglian Water plc. and is provided for Anglian Water plc., submitted as a deliverable for Cranfield University project WU33701V as part of the wider Anglian Water plc. Burst mains and climate factors project.

A Technical Manual to guide users through the uses and applications of the soilscapes datasets. Soilscapes is one of the most popular datasets available from NSRI. It strips away confusing terminology and enables informed decision making by non-soil scientists who require an understanding of soil and how it affects the landscape. With Soilscapes, decision makers will gain a working knowledge of many fundamental soil-landscape processes for any region across England and Wales.