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2023 Acuerdos transformativos CRUE, Background: Real-time PCR is the diagnostic technique of choice for the diagnosis and control of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) in an outbreak setting. The presence of EHV-1 in nasal swabs (NS), whole blood, brain and spinal cord samples has been extensively described; however, there are no reports on the excretion of EHV-1 in urine, its DNA detection patterns, and the role of urine in viral spread during an outbreak. Objectives: To determine the presence of EHV-1 DNA in urine during natural infection and to compare the DNA detection patterns of EHV-1 in urine, buffy coat (BC) and NS. Study design: Descriptive study of natural infection. Methods: Urine and whole blood/NS samples were collected at different time points during the hospitalisation of 21 horses involved in two EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy outbreaks in 2021 and 2023 in Spain. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to compare the viral DNA load between BC-urine samples in 2021 and NS-urine samples in 2023. Sex, age, breed, presence of neurological signs, EHV-1 vaccination status and treatment data were recorded for all horses. Results: A total of 18 hospitalised horses during the 2021 and 2023 outbreaks were positive for EHV-1, and viral DNA was detected in urine samples from a total of 11 horses in both outbreaks. Compared with BC samples, DNA presence was detected in urine samples for longer duration and with slightly higher concentration; however, compared with NS, detection of EHV-1 in urine was similar in duration with lower DNA concentrations. Main limitations: Limited sample size, different sampling times and protocols (BC vs. NS) in two natural infection outbreak settings. Conclusions: EHV-1 was detected in the urine from naturally infected horses. Urine should be considered as complimentary to blood and NS in diagnosis of EHV-1 infection., Depto. de Sanidad Animal, Fac. de Veterinaria, Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria, FALSE, pub, APC financiada por la UCM

La anestesia general inhalatoria en caballos produce depresión del sistema cardiorrespiratorio que junto con el manejo perianestésico característico de esta especie (inducción y recuperación) puede causar complicaciones como parada cardiorrespiratoria, fracturas o miopatías que terminen con la muerte o sacrificio del paciente (Bidwell et al., 2007; Johnston et al., 2002; Johnston, 2005;Senior, 2013). La mortalidad anestésica en équidos es muy superior a la descrita en humana o en pequeños animales, situándose en 0,6% en anestesia no relacionadas con cólico (Brodbelt, 2009;Gozalo-Marcilla et al., 2021).La realización de procedimientos diagnósticos y quirúrgicos en estación mediante sedación profunda permite reducir el riesgo asociado a la anestesia general (Gozalo-Marcilla et al., 2021;Toppen et al., 2017). Estos procedimientos pueden realizarse mediante la administración de fármacos sedantes y analgésicos que se combinan con técnicas de anestesia y analgesia locorregional (Michou & Leece, 2012a, 2012b). Estas combinaciones deben proveer una sedación e inmovilización del paciente adecuados y una potente analgesia perioperatoria con un grado mínimo de ataxia y de depresión cardiorrespiratoria..., General anesthesia in horses produces depression of the cardiorespiratory system that together with the perianesthetic management characteristic of this species (induction and recovery) can cause complications such as cardiorespiratory arrest, fractures or myopathies that can lead to death or sacrifice of the patient (Bidwell et al., 2007; Johnston et al., 2002; Johnston, 2005;Senior, 2013). The anesthetic mortality in equidae is much higher than that described in humans or small animals, with a currently incidence of 0.6% in anesthetic procedures not related to colic (Brodbelt, 2009; Gozalo-Marcilla et al., 2021). Standing diagnostic and surgical procedures under deep sedation reduces the associated risk with anesthesia (Gozalo-Marcilla et al., 2021; Toppen et al., 2017). These procedures can be performed administering sedative and analgesic drugs that are combined with locoregional anesthesia and analgesia techniques (Michou & Leece, 2012a, 2012b). These combinations should provide adequate sedation and immobilization of the patient, potent perioperative analgesia with a minimum degree of ataxia and cardiorespiratory depression...

Standing surgery under sedation reduces anesthetic-related mortality in horses. Medetomidine, alone and combined with morphine in a constant rate infusion (CRI), has been described for standing surgery but their cardiorespiratory, sedative and antinociceptive effects have never been compared. The addition of ketamine could improve analgesia in these procedures with minimal cardiorespiratory consequences. The objectives were to compare the cardiorespiratory effects, quality of sedation, antinociception and ataxia produced by administration of a medetomidine-based CRI with morphine, ketamine or both, in standing horses. A prospective, blind, randomized crossover, experimental design with six healthy adult horses was performed, in which four treatments were administered to all horses with at least two weeks of washout period: medetomidine (M); medetomidine and ketamine (MK); medetomidine and morphine (MMo); and medetomidine, morphine and ketamine (MMoK). Dosages were the same in all treatment groups: medetomidine at 5 µg/kg bwt followed by 5 µg/kg bwt/h, ketamine at 0.4 mg/kg/h and morphine at 50 µg/kg bwt, followed by morphine 30 µg/kg bwt/h. Drug infusions were maintained for 120 min. Cardiorespiratory variables, sedation degree and antinociceptive effects were evaluated during the procedure. All combinations produced similar sedation and antinociceptive effects and no clinically relevant alterations in cardiorespiratory variables occurred. Medetomidine CRI combined with morphine, ketamine or both are suitable and safe protocols for standing sedation in horses and the addition of morphine and/or ketamine did not cause any negative effect but no improving effect on sedation and antinociception was detected., Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Depto. de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Fac. de Veterinaria, TRUE, pub

Los códigos QR se utilizan actualmente como herramienta docente de gran utilidad ya que permiten al alumno emplear las nuevas tecnologías para el aprendizaje. Con este proyecto pretendemos acercar la actividad clínica equina al alumno de veterinaria.