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2,741 results on '"Troja, A."'

1. Panning for gold with the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory: an optimal strategy for finding the counterparts to gravitational wave events

Author: Eyles-Ferris, R. A. J., Evans, P. A., Breeveld, A. A., Cenko, S. B., Dichiara, S., Kennea, J. A., Klingler, N. J., Kuin, N. P. M., Marshall, F. E., Oates, S. R., Page, M. J., Ronchini, S., Siegel, M. H., Tohuvavohu, A., Campana, S., D'Elia, V., Osborne, J. P., Page, K. L., De Pasquale, M., and Troja, E.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The LIGO, Virgo and KAGRA gravitational wave observatories are currently undertaking their O4 observing run offering the opportunity to discover new electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational wave events. We examine the capability of the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (Swift) to respond to these triggers, primarily binary neutron star mergers, with both the UV/Optical Telescope (UVOT) and the X-ray Telescope (XRT). We simulate Swift's response to a trigger under different strategies using model skymaps, convolving these with the 2MPZ catalogue to produce an ordered list of observing fields, deriving the time taken for Swift to reach the correct field and simulating the instrumental responses to modelled kilonovae and short gamma-ray burst afterglows. We find that UVOT using the $u$ filter with an exposure time of order 120 s is optimal for most follow-up observations and that we are likely to detect counterparts in $\sim6$% of all binary neutron star triggers. We find that the gravitational wave 90% error area and measured distance to the trigger allow us to select optimal triggers to follow-up. Focussing on sources less than 300 Mpc away or 500 Mpc if the error area is less than a few hundred square degrees, distances greater than previously assumed, offer the best opportunity for discovery by Swift with $\sim5 - 30$% of triggers having detection probabilities $\geq 0.5$. At even greater distances, we can further optimise our follow-up by adopting a longer 250 s or 500 s exposure time., Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures. Submitted to MNRAS
Published: 2024

2. Characterization of a peculiar Einstein Probe transient EP240408a: an exotic gamma-ray burst or an abnormal jetted tidal disruption event?

Author: O'Connor, B., Pasham, D., Andreoni, I., Hare, J., Beniamini, P., Troja, E., Ricci, R., Dobie, D., Chakraborty, J., Ng, M., Klingler, N., Karambelkar, V., Rose, S., Schulze, S., Ryan, G., Dichiara, S., Monageng, I., Buckley, D., Hu, L., Srinivasaragavan, G., Bruni, G., Cabrera, T., Cenko, S. B., van Eerten, H., Freeburn, J., Hammerstein, E., Kasliwal, M., Kouveliotou, C., Kunnumkai, K., Leung, J. K., Lien, A., Palmese, A., and Sakamoto, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present the results of our multi-wavelength (X-ray to radio) follow-up campaign of the Einstein Probe transient EP240408a. The initial 10 s trigger displayed bright soft X-ray (0.5-4 keV) radiation with peak luminosity $L_\textrm{X} \gtrsim 10^{49}$ ($10^{50}$) erg s$^{-1}$ for an assumed redshift z>0.5 (2.0). The Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory and Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR discovered a fading X-ray counterpart lasting for $\sim$5 d (observer frame), which showed a long-lived (~4 d) plateau-like emission ($t^{-0.5}$) before a sharp powerlaw decline ($t^{-7}$). The plateau emission was in excess of $L_\textrm{X} \gtrsim 10^{46}$ ($10^{47}$) erg s$^{-1}$ at z>0.5 (2.0). Deep optical and radio observations resulted in non-detections of the transient. Our observations with Gemini South revealed a faint potential host galaxy ($r \approx 24$ AB mag) near the edge of the X-ray localization. The faint candidate host, and lack of other potential hosts ($r \gtrsim 26$ AB mag; $J \gtrsim 23$ AB mag), implies a higher redshift origin (z>0.5), which produces extreme X-ray properties that are inconsistent with many known extragalactic transient classes. In particular, the lack of a bright gamma-ray counterpart, with the isotropic-equivalent energy ($10 - 10,000$ keV) constrained by GECam and Konus-Wind to $E_{\gamma,\textrm{iso}} \lesssim 4\times10^{51}$ ($6\times10^{52}$) erg at z>0.5 (2.0), conflicts with known gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) of similar X-ray luminosities. We therefore favor a jetted tidal disruption event (TDE) as the progenitor of EP240408a at z>1.0, possibly caused by the disruption of a white dwarf by an intermediate mass black hole. The alternative is that EP240408a may represent a new, previously unknown class of transient., Comment: Submitted; 33 pages; 9 figures
Published: 2024

3. Euclid preparation. The impact of relativistic redshift-space distortions on two-point clustering statistics from the Euclid wide spectroscopic survey

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Elkhashab, M. Y., Bertacca, D., Porciani, C., Salvalaggio, J., Aghanim, N., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, R., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kubik, B., Kuijken, K., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Scodeggio, M., Secroun, A., Sefusatti, E., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Surace, C., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Farinelli, R., Finelli, F., Gracia-Carpio, J., Mauri, N., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Balaguera-Antolinez, A., Ballardini, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Böhringer, H., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Cooray, A. R., Davini, S., De Caro, B., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gozaliasl, G., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Lacasa, F., Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Loureiro, A., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Schneider, A., Sereno, M., Sikkema, G., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Vernizzi, F., Verza, G., Vielzeuf, P., and Hernández-Monteagudo, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Measurements of galaxy clustering are affected by RSD. Peculiar velocities, gravitational lensing, and other light-cone projection effects modify the observed redshifts, fluxes, and sky positions of distant light sources. We determine which of these effects leave a detectable imprint on several 2-point clustering statistics extracted from the EWSS on large scales. We generate 140 mock galaxy catalogues with the survey geometry and selection function of the EWSS and make use of the LIGER method to account for a variable number of relativistic RSD to linear order in the cosmological perturbations. We estimate different 2-point clustering statistics from the mocks and use the likelihood-ratio test to calculate the statistical significance with which the EWSS could reject the null hypothesis that certain relativistic projection effects can be neglected in the theoretical models. We find that the combined effects of lensing magnification and convergence imprint characteristic signatures on several clustering observables. Their S/N ranges between 2.5 and 6 (depending on the adopted summary statistic) for the highest-redshift galaxies in the EWSS. The corresponding feature due to the peculiar velocity of the Sun is measured with a S/N of order one or two. The $P_{\ell}(k)$ from the catalogues that include all relativistic effects reject the null hypothesis that RSD are only generated by the variation of the peculiar velocity along the line of sight with a significance of 2.9 standard deviations. As a byproduct of our study, we demonstrate that the mixing-matrix formalism to model finite-volume effects in the $P_{\ell}(k)$ can be robustly applied to surveys made of several disconnected patches. Our results indicate that relativistic RSD, the contribution from weak gravitational lensing in particular, cannot be disregarded when modelling 2-point clustering statistics extracted from the EWSS., Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2024

4. Euclid preparation: 6x2 pt analysis of Euclid's spectroscopic and photometric data sets

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Paganin, L., Bonici, M., Carbone, C., Camera, S., Tutusaus, I., Davini, S., Bel, J., Tosi, S., Sciotti, D., Di Domizio, S., Risso, I., Testera, G., Sapone, D., Sakr, Z., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Battaglia, P., Bender, R., Bernardeau, F., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Capobianco, V., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Costille, A., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Crocce, M., Cropper, M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., George, K., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Ilić, S., Jahnke, K., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., McCracken, H. J., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sartoris, B., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Scodeggio, M., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Starck, J. -L., Steinwagner, J., Surace, C., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Fabbian, G., Farinelli, R., Graciá-Carpio, J., Mauri, N., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Ballardini, M., Blanchard, A., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Cañas-Herrera, G., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Coupon, J., Desprez, G., Dole, H., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Escoffier, S., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gregorio, A., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Monaco, P., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Patrizii, L., Pezzotta, A., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Pöntinen, M., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sereno, M., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., and Vielzeuf, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present cosmological parameter forecasts for the Euclid 6x2pt statistics, which include the galaxy clustering and weak lensing main probes together with previously neglected cross-covariance and cross-correlation signals between imaging/photometric and spectroscopic data. The aim is understanding the impact of such terms on the Euclid performance. We produce 6x2pt cosmological forecasts, considering two different techniques: the so-called harmonic and hybrid approaches, respectively. In the first, we treat all the different Euclid probes in the same way, i.e. we consider only angular 2pt-statistics for spectroscopic and photometric clustering, as well as for weak lensing, analysing all their possible cross-covariances and cross-correlations in the spherical harmonic domain. In the second, we do not account for negligible cross-covariances between the 3D and 2D data, but consider the combination of their cross-correlation with the auto-correlation signals. We find that both cross-covariances and cross-correlation signals, have a negligible impact on the cosmological parameter constraints and, therefore, on the Euclid performance. In the case of the hybrid approach, we attribute this result to the effect of the cross-correlation between weak lensing and photometric data, which is dominant with respect to other cross-correlation signals. In the case of the 2D harmonic approach, we attribute this result to two main theoretical limitations of the 2D projected statistics implemented in this work according to the analysis of official Euclid forecasts: the high shot noise and the limited redshift range of the spectroscopic sample, together with the loss of radial information from subleading terms such as redshift-space distortions and lensing magnification. Our analysis suggests that 2D and 3D Euclid data can be safely treated as independent, with a great saving in computational resources., Comment: 32 pages, 20 figures. Comments are welcome
Published: 2024

5. Euclid preparation. Deep learning true galaxy morphologies for weak lensing shear bias calibration

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Csizi, B., Schrabback, T., Grandis, S., Hoekstra, H., Jansen, H., Linke, L., Congedo, G., Taylor, A. N., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Battaglia, P., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Faustini, F., Ferriol, S., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Ilić, S., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kuijken, K., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marcin, S., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sánchez, A. G., Sartoris, B., Schneider, P., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Farinelli, R., Gracia-Carpio, J., Matthew, S., Mauri, N., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Ballardini, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Cañas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Caro, F., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gasparetto, T., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gutierrez, C. M., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Lesgourgues, J., Liaudat, T. I., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martín-Fleitas, J., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Miluzio, M., Monaco, P., Montoro, A., Mora, A., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Walton, Nicholas A., Pagano, L., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Sarpa, E., Schneider, A., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., and Vielzeuf, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: To date, galaxy image simulations for weak lensing surveys usually approximate the light profiles of all galaxies as a single or double S\'ersic profile, neglecting the influence of galaxy substructures and morphologies deviating from such a simplified parametric characterization. While this approximation may be sufficient for previous data sets, the stringent cosmic shear calibration requirements and the high quality of the data in the upcoming Euclid survey demand a consideration of the effects that realistic galaxy substructures have on shear measurement biases. Here we present a novel deep learning-based method to create such simulated galaxies directly from HST data. We first build and validate a convolutional neural network based on the wavelet scattering transform to learn noise-free representations independent of the point-spread function of HST galaxy images that can be injected into simulations of images from Euclid's optical instrument VIS without introducing noise correlations during PSF convolution or shearing. Then, we demonstrate the generation of new galaxy images by sampling from the model randomly and conditionally. Next, we quantify the cosmic shear bias from complex galaxy shapes in Euclid-like simulations by comparing the shear measurement biases between a sample of model objects and their best-fit double-S\'ersic counterparts. Using the KSB shape measurement algorithm, we find a multiplicative bias difference between these branches with realistic morphologies and parametric profiles on the order of $6.9\times 10^{-3}$ for a realistic magnitude-S\'ersic index distribution. Moreover, we find clear detection bias differences between full image scenes simulated with parametric and realistic galaxies, leading to a bias difference of $4.0\times 10^{-3}$ independent of the shape measurement method. This makes it relevant for stage IV weak lensing surveys such as Euclid., Comment: Submitted to A&A. 29 pages, 20 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2024

6. Euclid preparation. Simulations and nonlinearities beyond $\Lambda$CDM. 4. Constraints on $f(R)$ models from the photometric primary probes

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Koyama, K., Pamuk, S., Casas, S., Bose, B., Carrilho, P., Sáez-Casares, I., Atayde, L., Cataneo, M., Fiorini, B., Giocoli, C., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Pace, F., Pourtsidou, A., Rasera, Y., Sakr, Z., Winther, H. -A., Altamura, E., Adamek, J., Baldi, M., Breton, M. -A., Rácz, G., Vernizzi, F., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Bardelli, S., Bernardeau, F., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Caillat, A., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Hailey, M., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Ilić, S., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Neissner, C., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Saglia, R., Salvignol, J. -C., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Fabbian, G., Farinelli, R., Finelli, F., Gracia-Carpio, J., Matthew, S., Mauri, N., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Anselmi, S., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Ballardini, M., Bertacca, D., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Böhringer, H., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Quevedo, B. Camacho, Cañas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Caro, F., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ezziati, M., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gasparetto, T., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gutierrez, C. M., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Lesgourgues, J., Liaudat, T. I., Liu, S. J., Loureiro, A., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martín-Fleitas, J., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Miluzio, M., Monaco, P., Montoro, A., Mora, A., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Murray, C., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Pagano, L., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Sarpa, E., Schneider, A., Sereno, M., Silvestri, A., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., and Vielzeuf, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We study the constraint on $f(R)$ gravity that can be obtained by photometric primary probes of the Euclid mission. Our focus is the dependence of the constraint on the theoretical modelling of the nonlinear matter power spectrum. In the Hu-Sawicki $f(R)$ gravity model, we consider four different predictions for the ratio between the power spectrum in $f(R)$ and that in $\Lambda$CDM: a fitting formula, the halo model reaction approach, ReACT and two emulators based on dark matter only $N$-body simulations, FORGE and e-Mantis. These predictions are added to the MontePython implementation to predict the angular power spectra for weak lensing (WL), photometric galaxy clustering and their cross-correlation. By running Markov Chain Monte Carlo, we compare constraints on parameters and investigate the bias of the recovered $f(R)$ parameter if the data are created by a different model. For the pessimistic setting of WL, one dimensional bias for the $f(R)$ parameter, $\log_{10}|f_{R0}|$, is found to be $0.5 \sigma$ when FORGE is used to create the synthetic data with $\log_{10}|f_{R0}| =-5.301$ and fitted by e-Mantis. The impact of baryonic physics on WL is studied by using a baryonification emulator BCemu. For the optimistic setting, the $f(R)$ parameter and two main baryon parameters are well constrained despite the degeneracies among these parameters. However, the difference in the nonlinear dark matter prediction can be compensated by the adjustment of baryon parameters, and the one-dimensional marginalised constraint on $\log_{10}|f_{R0}|$ is biased. This bias can be avoided in the pessimistic setting at the expense of weaker constraints. For the pessimistic setting, using the $\Lambda$CDM synthetic data for WL, we obtain the prior-independent upper limit of $\log_{10}|f_{R0}|< -5.6$. Finally, we implement a method to include theoretical errors to avoid the bias., Comment: 24 pages, 16 figures, submitted on behalf of the Euclid Collaboration
Published: 2024

7. Euclid preparation. Simulations and nonlinearities beyond $\Lambda$CDM. 2. Results from non-standard simulations

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Rácz, G., Breton, M. -A., Fiorini, B., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Winther, H. -A., Sakr, Z., Pizzuti, L., Ragagnin, A., Gayoux, T., Altamura, E., Carella, E., Pardede, K., Verza, G., Koyama, K., Baldi, M., Pourtsidou, A., Vernizzi, F., Adame, A. G., Adamek, J., Avila, S., Carbone, C., Despali, G., Giocoli, C., Hernández-Aguayo, C., Hassani, F., Kunz, M., Li, B., Rasera, Y., Yepes, G., Gonzalez-Perez, V., Corasaniti, P. -S., García-Bellido, J., Hamaus, N., Kiessling, A., Marinucci, M., Moretti, C., Mota, D. F., Piga, L., Pisani, A., Szapudi, I., Tallada-Crespí, P., Aghanim, N., Andreon, S., Baccigalupi, C., Bardelli, S., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Ilić, S., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kubik, B., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Saglia, R., Salvignol, J. -C., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Fabbian, G., Finelli, F., Gracia-Carpio, J., Matthew, S., Mauri, N., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Porciani, C., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Balaguera-Antolinez, A., Ballardini, M., Bertacca, D., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Quevedo, B. Camacho, Cappi, A., Caro, F., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., De Caro, B., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., Gasparetto, T., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gutierrez, C. M., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Lacasa, F., Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Lesgourgues, J., Liaudat, T. I., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Miluzio, M., Monaco, P., Montoro, A., Mora, A., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Schneider, A., Sereno, M., Silvestri, A., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., and Vielzeuf, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Euclid mission will measure cosmological parameters with unprecedented precision. To distinguish between cosmological models, it is essential to generate realistic mock observables from cosmological simulations that were run in both the standard $\Lambda$-cold-dark-matter ($\Lambda$CDM) paradigm and in many non-standard models beyond $\Lambda$CDM. We present the scientific results from a suite of cosmological N-body simulations using non-standard models including dynamical dark energy, k-essence, interacting dark energy, modified gravity, massive neutrinos, and primordial non-Gaussianities. We investigate how these models affect the large-scale-structure formation and evolution in addition to providing synthetic observables that can be used to test and constrain these models with Euclid data. We developed a custom pipeline based on the Rockstar halo finder and the nbodykit large-scale structure toolkit to analyse the particle output of non-standard simulations and generate mock observables such as halo and void catalogues, mass density fields, and power spectra in a consistent way. We compare these observables with those from the standard $\Lambda$CDM model and quantify the deviations. We find that non-standard cosmological models can leave significant imprints on the synthetic observables that we have generated. Our results demonstrate that non-standard cosmological N-body simulations provide valuable insights into the physics of dark energy and dark matter, which is essential to maximising the scientific return of Euclid., Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2024

8. Euclid preparation. Simulations and nonlinearities beyond $\Lambda$CDM. 1. Numerical methods and validation

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Adamek, J., Fiorini, B., Baldi, M., Brando, G., Breton, M. -A., Hassani, F., Koyama, K., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Rácz, G., Winther, H. -A., Casalino, A., Hernández-Aguayo, C., Li, B., Potter, D., Altamura, E., Carbone, C., Giocoli, C., Mota, D. F., Pourtsidou, A., Sakr, Z., Vernizzi, F., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Bardelli, S., Battaglia, P., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Caillat, A., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Ilić, S., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Neissner, C., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Saglia, R., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Fabbian, G., Finelli, F., Gracia-Carpio, J., Matthew, S., Mauri, N., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Balaguera-Antolinez, A., Ballardini, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Böhringer, H., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Quevedo, B. Camacho, Cañas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Caro, F., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gasparetto, T., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gutierrez, C. M., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Kruk, S., Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Lesgourgues, J., Liaudat, T. I., Loureiro, A., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Miluzio, M., Monaco, P., Montoro, A., Mora, A., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Sarpa, E., Schneider, A., Sereno, M., Silvestri, A., Mancini, A. Spurio, Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., Vielzeuf, P., and Walton, N. A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: To constrain models beyond $\Lambda$CDM, the development of the Euclid analysis pipeline requires simulations that capture the nonlinear phenomenology of such models. We present an overview of numerical methods and $N$-body simulation codes developed to study the nonlinear regime of structure formation in alternative dark energy and modified gravity theories. We review a variety of numerical techniques and approximations employed in cosmological $N$-body simulations to model the complex phenomenology of scenarios beyond $\Lambda$CDM. This includes discussions on solving nonlinear field equations, accounting for fifth forces, and implementing screening mechanisms. Furthermore, we conduct a code comparison exercise to assess the reliability and convergence of different simulation codes across a range of models. Our analysis demonstrates a high degree of agreement among the outputs of different simulation codes, providing confidence in current numerical methods for modelling cosmic structure formation beyond $\Lambda$CDM. We highlight recent advances made in simulating the nonlinear scales of structure formation, which are essential for leveraging the full scientific potential of the forthcoming observational data from the Euclid mission., Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures, 1 appendix; submitted on behalf of the Euclid Collaboration
Published: 2024

9. Euclid preparation: Determining the weak lensing mass accuracy and precision for galaxy clusters

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Ingoglia, L., Sereno, M., Farrens, S., Giocoli, C., Baumont, L., Lesci, G. F., Moscardini, L., Murray, C., Vannier, M., Biviano, A., Carbone, C., Covone, G., Despali, G., Maturi, M., Maurogordato, S., Meneghetti, M., Radovich, M., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bellagamba, F., Bender, R., Bernardeau, F., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Dinis, J., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Farina, M., Faustini, F., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Ilić, S., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marcin, S., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paech, K., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Salvignol, J. -C., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Bolzonella, M., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Farinelli, R., Finelli, F., Gracia-Carpio, J., Matthew, S., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Ballardini, M., Bertacca, D., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Böhringer, H., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Cañas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Caro, F., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Costanzi, M., Cucciati, O., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ezziati, M., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gasparetto, T., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gutierrez, C. M., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Lesgourgues, J., Liaudat, T. I., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martín-Fleitas, J., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Miluzio, M., Monaco, P., Montoro, A., Mora, A., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Pagano, L., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Sarpa, E., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Stanford, S. A., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., and Vielzeuf, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We investigate the level of accuracy and precision of cluster weak-lensing (WL) masses measured with the \Euclid data processing pipeline. We use the DEMNUni-Cov $N$-body simulations to assess how well the WL mass probes the true halo mass, and, then, how well WL masses can be recovered in the presence of measurement uncertainties. We consider different halo mass density models, priors, and mass point estimates. WL mass differs from true mass due to, e.g., the intrinsic ellipticity of sources, correlated or uncorrelated matter and large-scale structure, halo triaxiality and orientation, and merging or irregular morphology. In an ideal scenario without observational or measurement errors, the maximum likelihood estimator is the most accurate, with WL masses biased low by $\langle b_M \rangle = -14.6 \pm 1.7 \, \%$ on average over the full range $M_\text{200c} > 5 \times 10^{13} \, M_\odot$ and $z < 1$. Due to the stabilising effect of the prior, the biweight, mean, and median estimates are more precise. The scatter decreases with increasing mass and informative priors significantly reduce the scatter. Halo mass density profiles with a truncation provide better fits to the lensing signal, while the accuracy and precision are not significantly affected. We further investigate the impact of additional sources of systematic uncertainty on the WL mass, namely the impact of photometric redshift uncertainties and source selection, the expected performance of \Euclid cluster detection algorithms, and the presence of masks. Taken in isolation, we find that the largest effect is induced by non-conservative source selection. This effect can be mostly removed with a robust selection. As a final \Euclid-like test, we combine systematic effects in a realistic observational setting and find results similar to the ideal case, $\langle b_M \rangle = - 15.5 \pm 2.4 \, \%$, under a robust selection.
Published: 2024

10. Euclid preparation. L. Calibration of the linear halo bias in $\Lambda(\nu)$CDM cosmologies

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Castro, T., Fumagalli, A., Angulo, R. E., Bocquet, S., Borgani, S., Costanzi, M., Dakin, J., Dolag, K., Monaco, P., Saro, A., Sefusatti, E., Aghanim, N., Amendola, L., Andreon, S., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Caillat, A., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Costille, A., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Di Giorgio, A. M., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Ilić, S., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., Medinaceli, E., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Renzi, A., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Salvignol, J. -C., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Secroun, A., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Finelli, F., Gracia-Carpio, J., Matthew, S., Mauri, N., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Porciani, C., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Balaguera-Antolinez, A., Ballardini, M., Bertacca, D., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Böhringer, H., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Cañas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Caro, F., Carvalho, C. S., Chambers, K. C., Cooray, A. R., De Caro, B., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gasparetto, T., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gutierrez, C. M., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Lesgourgues, J., Liaudat, T. I., Loureiro, A., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Miluzio, M., Montoro, A., Mora, A., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Pagano, L., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Sarpa, E., Schneider, A., Sereno, M., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., and Vielzeuf, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Euclid mission, designed to map the geometry of the dark Universe, presents an unprecedented opportunity for advancing our understanding of the cosmos through its photometric galaxy cluster survey. This paper focuses on enhancing the precision of halo bias (HB) predictions, which is crucial for deriving cosmological constraints from the clustering of galaxy clusters. Our study is based on the peak-background split (PBS) model linked to the halo mass function (HMF); it extends with a parametric correction to precisely align with results from an extended set of $N$-body simulations carried out with the OpenGADGET3 code. Employing simulations with fixed and paired initial conditions, we meticulously analyze the matter-halo cross-spectrum and model its covariance using a large number of mock catalogs generated with Lagrangian Perturbation Theory simulations with the PINOCCHIO code. This ensures a comprehensive understanding of the uncertainties in our HB calibration. Our findings indicate that the calibrated HB model is remarkably resilient against changes in cosmological parameters including those involving massive neutrinos. The robustness and adaptability of our calibrated HB model provide an important contribution to the cosmological exploitation of the cluster surveys to be provided by the Euclid mission. This study highlights the necessity of continuously refining the calibration of cosmological tools like the HB to match the advancing quality of observational data. As we project the impact of our model on cosmological constraints, we find that, given the sensitivity of the Euclid survey, a miscalibration of the HB could introduce biases in cluster cosmology analyses. Our work fills this critical gap, ensuring the HB calibration matches the expected precision of the Euclid survey. The implementation of our model is publicly available in https://github.com/TiagoBsCastro/CCToolkit., Comment: 20 pages; 12 figures; accepted for publication in A&A; abstract abridged for arXiv submission
Published: 2024
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11. Euclid preparation. XLIX. Selecting active galactic nuclei using observed colours

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Bisigello, L., Massimo, M., Tortora, C., Fotopoulou, S., Allevato, V., Bolzonella, M., Gruppioni, C., Pozzetti, L., Rodighiero, G., Serjeant, S., Cunha, P. A. C., Gabarra, L., Feltre, A., Humphrey, A., La Franca, F., Landt, H., Mannucci, F., Prandoni, I., Radovich, M., Ricci, F., Salvato, M., Shankar, F., Stern, D., Spinoglio, L., Vergani, D., Vignali, C., Zamorani, G., Yung, L. Y. A., Charlot, S., Aghanim, N., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Battaglia, P., Bender, R., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brau-Nogue, S., Brescia, M., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Franzetti, P., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Granett, B. R., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Jahnke, K., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Surace, C., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Wang, Y., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bozzo, E., Colodro-Conde, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Fabbian, G., Graciá-Carpio, J., Marcin, S., Mauri, N., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Akrami, Y., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Borgani, S., Borla, A. S., Bruton, S., Burigana, C., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Coupon, A. R. Cooray J., Cucciati, O., Davini, S., De Lucia, G., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Escoffier, S., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gregorio, A., Hildebrandt, H., Muñoz, A. Jiminez, Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mainetti, G., Maoli, R., Martinelli, M., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Monaco, P., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Pöntinen, M., Rocci, P. -F., Sánchez, A. G., Schneider, A., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Stadel, J., Stanford, S. A., Steinwagner, J., Testera, G., Tewes, M., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valiviita, J., Viel, M., and Zinchenko, I. A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Euclid will cover over 14000 $deg^{2}$ with two optical and near-infrared spectro-photometric instruments, and is expected to detect around ten million active galactic nuclei (AGN). This unique data set will make a considerable impact on our understanding of galaxy evolution and AGN. In this work we identify the best colour selection criteria for AGN, based only on Euclid photometry or including ancillary photometric observations, such as the data that will be available with the Rubin legacy survey of space and time (LSST) and observations already available from Spitzer/IRAC. The analysis is performed for unobscured AGN, obscured AGN, and composite (AGN and star-forming) objects. We make use of the spectro-photometric realisations of infrared-selected targets at all-z (SPRITZ) to create mock catalogues mimicking both the Euclid Wide Survey (EWS) and the Euclid Deep Survey (EDS). Using these catalogues we estimate the best colour selection, maximising the harmonic mean (F1) of completeness and purity. The selection of unobscured AGN in both Euclid surveys is possible with Euclid photometry alone with F1=0.22-0.23, which can increase to F1=0.43-0.38 if we limit at z>0.7. Such selection is improved once the Rubin/LSST filters (a combination of the u, g, r, or z filters) are considered, reaching F1=0.84 and 0.86 for the EDS and EWS, respectively. The combination of a Euclid colour with the [3.6]-[4.5] colour, which is possible only in the EDS, results in an F1-score of 0.59, improving the results using only Euclid filters, but worse than the selection combining Euclid and LSST. The selection of composite ($f_{{\rm AGN}}$=0.05-0.65 at 8-40 $\mu m$) and obscured AGN is challenging, with F1<0.3 even when including ancillary data. This is driven by the similarities between the broad-band spectral energy distribution of these AGN and star-forming galaxies in the wavelength range 0.3-5 $\mu m$., Comment: 25 pages, 28 figures, accepted for publication on A&A
Published: 2024

12. Euclid preparation. Angular power spectra from discrete observations

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Tessore, N., Joachimi, B., Loureiro, A., Hall, A., Cañas-Herrera, G., Tutusaus, I., Jeffrey, N., Naidoo, K., McEwen, J. D., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bernardeau, F., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Caillat, A., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Dinis, J., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Faustini, F., Ferriol, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoekstra, H., Holmes, W., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Morin, B., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Nakajima, R., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Seiffert, M., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Finelli, F., Gracia-Carpio, J., Matthew, S., Mauri, N., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Scottez, V., Mancini, A. Spurio, Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Anselmi, S., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Balaguera-Antolinez, A., Ballardini, M., Benielli, D., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Böhringer, H., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Quevedo, B. Camacho, Cappi, A., Caro, F., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Cooray, A. R., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gasparetto, T., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gutierrez, C. M., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Kruk, S., Lacasa, F., Lattanzi, M., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Lesgourgues, J., Liaudat, T. I., Macias-Perez, J., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martín-Fleitas, J., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Miluzio, M., Monaco, P., Montoro, A., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Murray, C., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Rollins, R. P., Sahlén, M., Sarpa, E., Schneider, A., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., Vielzeuf, P., Brown, M. L., and Sellentin, E.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the framework for measuring angular power spectra in the Euclid mission. The observables in galaxy surveys, such as galaxy clustering and cosmic shear, are not continuous fields, but discrete sets of data, obtained only at the positions of galaxies. We show how to compute the angular power spectra of such discrete data sets, without treating observations as maps of an underlying continuous field that is overlaid with a noise component. This formalism allows us to compute exact theoretical expectations for our measured spectra, under a number of assumptions that we track explicitly. In particular, we obtain exact expressions for the additive biases ("shot noise") in angular galaxy clustering and cosmic shear. For efficient practical computations, we introduce a spin-weighted spherical convolution with a well-defined convolution theorem, which allows us to apply exact theoretical predictions to finite-resolution maps, including HEALPix. When validating our methodology, we find that our measurements are biased by less than 1% of their statistical uncertainty in simulations of Euclid's first data release., Comment: 27 pages, 12 figures. Submitted to A&A. Code available at https://github.com/heracles-ec/heracles
Published: 2024

13. Euclid Preparation. Cosmic Dawn Survey: Data release 1 multiwavelength catalogues for Euclid Deep Field North and Euclid Deep Field Fornax

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Zalesky, L., McPartland, C. J. R., Weaver, J. R., Toft, S., Sanders, D. B., Mobasher, B., Suzuki, N., Szapudi, I., Valdes, I., Murphree, G., Chartab, N., Allen, N., Taamoli, S., Barrow, S. W. J., Ortiz, O. Chávez, Finkelstein, S. L., Gwyn, S., Sawicki, M., McCracken, H. J., Stern, D., Dannerbauer, H., Altieri, B., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoekstra, H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kuijken, K., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Laureijs, R., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Neissner, C., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sapone, D., Scaramella, R., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Sefusatti, E., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Farinelli, R., Gracia-Carpio, J., Mauri, N., Nucita, A. A., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Ballardini, M., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Chary, R., Contarini, S., Contini, T., Cooray, A. R., De Caro, B., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Huertas-Company, M., Ilbert, O., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Libet, G., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Walton, Nicholas A., Odier, J., Patrizii, L., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Scarlata, C., Schneider, A., Sereno, M., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stanford, S. A., Tao, C., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., and Zinchenko, I. A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The Cosmic Dawn Survey (DAWN survey) provides multiwavelength (UV/optical to mid-IR) data across the combined 59 deg$^{2}$ of the Euclid Deep and Auxiliary fields (EDFs and EAFs). Here, the first public data release (DR1) from the DAWN survey is presented. DR1 catalogues are made available for a subset of the full DAWN survey that consists of two Euclid Deep fields: Euclid Deep Field North (EDF-N) and Euclid Deep Field Fornax (EDF-F). The DAWN survey DR1 catalogues do not include $Euclid$ data as they are not yet public for these fields. Nonetheless, each field has been covered by the ongoing Hawaii Twenty Square Degree Survey (H20), which includes imaging from CFHT MegaCam in the new $u$ filter and from Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) in the $griz$ filters. Each field is further covered by $Spitzer$/IRAC 3.6-4.5$\mu$m imaging spanning 10 deg$^{2}$ and reaching $\sim$25 mag AB (5$\sigma$). All present H20 imaging and all publicly available imaging from the aforementioned facilities are combined with the deep $Spitzer$/IRAC data to create source catalogues spanning a total area of 16.87 deg$^{2}$ in EDF-N and 2.85 deg$^{2}$ in EDF-F for this first release. Photometry is measured using The Farmer, a well-validated model-based photometry code. Photometric redshifts and stellar masses are computed using two independent codes for modeling spectral energy distributions: EAZY and LePhare. Photometric redshifts show good agreement with spectroscopic redshifts ($\sigma_{\rm NMAD} \sim 0.5, \eta < 8\%$ at $i < 25$). Number counts, photometric redshifts, and stellar masses are further validated in comparison to the COSMOS2020 catalogue. The DAWN survey DR1 catalogues are designed to be of immediate use in these two EDFs and will be continuously updated. Future data releases will provide catalogues of all EDFs and EAFs and include $Euclid$ data.
Published: 2024

14. Euclid preparation. The Cosmic Dawn Survey (DAWN) of the Euclid Deep and Auxiliary Fields

Author: Euclid Collaboration, McPartland, C. J. R., Zalesky, L., Weaver, J. R., Toft, S., Sanders, D. B., Mobasher, B., Suzuki, N., Szapudi, I., Valdes, I., Murphree, G., Chartab, N., Allen, N., Taamoli, S., Eisenhardt, P. R. M., Arnouts, S., Atek, H., Brinchmann, J., Castellano, M., Chary, R., Ortiz, O. Chávez, Cuby, J. -G., Finkelstein, S. L., Goto, T., Gwyn, S., Harikane, Y., Inoue, A. K., McCracken, H. J., Mohr, J. J., Oesch, P. A., Ouchi, M., Oguri, M., Rhodes, J., Rottgering, H. J. A., Sawicki, M., Scaramella, R., Scarlata, C., Silverman, J. D., Stern, D., Teplitz, H. I., Shuntov, M., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Aussel, H., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bender, R., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Fabricius, M., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., George, K., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Hoekstra, H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kubik, B., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Nakajima, R., Neissner, C., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Surace, C., Tallada-Crespi, P., Tavagnacco, D., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Farinelli, R., Gracia-Carpio, J., Mauri, N., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Ballardini, M., Bethermin, M., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Cañas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Coupon, J., Davini, S., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gregorio, A., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Huertas-Company, M., Ilbert, O., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Libet, G., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maturi, M., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Musi, P., Walton, Nicholas A., Odier, J., Patrizii, L., Pöntinen, M., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Schneider, A., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stanford, S. A., Tao, C., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., and Shankar, F.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Euclid will provide deep NIR imaging to $\sim$26.5 AB magnitude over $\sim$59 deg$^2$ in its deep and auxiliary fields. The Cosmic DAWN survey complements the deep Euclid data with matched depth multiwavelength imaging and spectroscopy in the UV--IR to provide consistently processed Euclid selected photometric catalogs, accurate photometric redshifts, and measurements of galaxy properties to a redshift of $z\sim 10$. In this paper, we present an overview of the survey, including the footprints of the survey fields, the existing and planned observations, and the primary science goals for the combined data set., Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures, submitted to A&A; Updated references; Updated author list
Published: 2024

15. Euclid preparation. Exploring the properties of proto-clusters in the Simulated Euclid Wide Survey

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Böhringer, H., Chon, G., Cucciati, O., Dannerbauer, H., Bolzonella, M., De Lucia, G., Cappi, A., Moscardini, L., Giocoli, C., Castignani, G., Hatch, N. A., Andreon, S., Bañados, E., Ettori, S., Fontanot, F., Gully, H., Hirschmann, M., Maturi, M., Mei, S., Pozzetti, L., Schlenker, T., Spinelli, M., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Faustini, F., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., Medinaceli, E., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Scodeggio, M., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Finelli, F., Gracia-Carpio, J., Matthew, S., Mauri, N., Pöntinen, M., Porciani, C., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Alvi, S., Anselmi, S., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Balaguera-Antolinez, A., Ballardini, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Caro, F., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Costanzi, M., De Caro, B., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gasparetto, T., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gonzalez, A. H., Gozaliasl, G., Gutierrez, C. M., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Lesgourgues, J., Liaudat, T. I., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Miluzio, M., Monaco, P., Montoro, A., Mora, A., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sereno, M., Shankar, F., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Stanford, S. A., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., and Verza, G.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Galaxy proto-clusters are receiving an increased interest since most of the processes shaping the structure of clusters of galaxies and their galaxy population are happening at early stages of their formation. The Euclid Survey will provide a unique opportunity to discover a large number of proto-clusters over a large fraction of the sky (14 500 square degrees). In this paper, we explore the expected observational properties of proto-clusters in the Euclid Wide Survey by means of theoretical models and simulations. We provide an overview of the predicted proto-cluster extent, galaxy density profiles, mass-richness relations, abundance, and sky-filling as a function of redshift. Useful analytical approximations for the functions of these properties are provided. The focus is on the redshift range z= 1.5 to 4. We discuss in particular the density contrast with which proto-clusters can be observed against the background in the galaxy distribution if photometric galaxy redshifts are used as supplied by the ESA Euclid mission together with the ground-based photometric surveys. We show that the obtainable detection significance is sufficient to find large numbers of interesting proto-cluster candidates. For quantitative studies, additional spectroscopic follow-up is required to confirm the proto-clusters and establish their richness., Comment: Submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics, 24 pages, 28 figures
Published: 2024

16. Long-term radio monitoring of the fast X-ray transient EP240315a: evidence for a relativistic jet

Author: Ricci, R., Troja, E., Yang, Y., Yadav, M., Liu, Y., Sun, H., Wu, X., Gao, H., Zhang, B., and Yuan, W.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The recent launch of Einstein Probe (EP) in early 2024 opened up a new window onto the transient X-ray sky, allowing for real-time discovery and follow-up of fast X-ray transients (FXRTs). Multi-wavelength observations of FXRTs and their counterparts are key to characterize the properties of their outflows and, ultimately, identify their progenitors. Here, we report our long-term radio monitoring of EP240315A, a long-lasting ($\sim 1000$ s) high redshift ($z=4.9$) FXRT associated to GRB~240315C. Our campaign, carried out with the Australian Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), followed the transient's evolution at two different frequencies (5.5 GHz and 9~GHz) for three months. In the radio lightcurves we identify an unusual steep rise at 9 GHz, possibly due to a refreshed reverse shock, and a late-time rapid decay of the radio flux, which we interpret as a jet break due to the outflow collimation. We find that the multi-wavelength counterpart of EP240315A is well described by a model of relativistic jet seen close to its axis, with jet half-opening angle $\theta_j \approx 3 ^{\circ}$ and beaming-corrected total energy $E \simeq 4\times 10^{51}$~erg, typical of GRBs. These results show that a substantial fraction of FXRTs may be associated to standard GRBs and that sensitive X-ray monitors, such as Einstein Probe and the proposed HiZ-GUNDAM and Theseus missions, can successfully pinpoint their relativistic outflows up to high-redshifts.
Published: 2024

17. Triggering the Untriggered: The First Einstein Probe-Detected Gamma-Ray Burst 240219A and Its Implications

Author: Yin, Yi-Han Iris, Zhang, Bin-Bin, Yang, Jun, Sun, Hui, Zhang, Chen, Shao, Yi-Xuan, Hu, You-Dong, Zhu, Zi-Pei, Xu, Dong, An, Li, Gao, He, Wu, Xue-Feng, Zhang, Bing, Castro-Tirado, Alberto Javier, Pandey, Shashi B., Rau, Arne, Lei, Weihua, Xie, Wei, Ghirlanda, Giancarlo, Piro, Luigi, O'Brien, Paul, Troja, Eleonora, Jonker, Peter, Yu, Yun-Wei, An, Jie, Chen, Run-Chao, Chen, Yi-Jing, Dong, Xiao-Fei, Eyles-Ferris, Rob, Fan, Zhou, Fu, Shao-Yu, Fynbo, Johan P. U., Gao, Xing, Huang, Yong-Feng, Jiang, Shuai-Qing, Jiang, Ya-Hui, Julakanti, Yashaswi, Kuulkers, Erik, Lao, Qing-Hui, Li, Dongyue, Ling, Zhi-Xing, Liu, Xing, Liu, Yuan, Mou, Jia-Yu, Pan, Xin, Varun, Wei, Daming, Wu, Qinyu, Yadav, Muskan, Yang, Yu-Han, Yuan, Weimin, and Zhang, Shuang-Nan
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The Einstein Probe (EP) achieved its first detection and localization of a bright X-ray flare, EP240219a, on 2024 February 19, during its commissioning phase. Subsequent targeted searches triggered by the EP240219a alert identified a faint, untriggered gamma-ray burst (GRB) in the archived data of Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM), Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT), and Insight-HXMT/HE. The EP Wide-field X-ray Telescope (WXT) light curve reveals a long duration of approximately 160 s with a slow decay, whereas the Fermi/GBM light curve shows a total duration of approximately 70 s. The peak in the Fermi/GBM light curve occurs slightly later with respect to the peak seen in the EP/WXT light curve. Our spectral analysis shows that a single cutoff power-law (PL) model effectively describes the joint EP/WXT--Fermi/GBM spectra in general, indicating coherent broad emission typical of GRBs. The model yielded a photon index of $\sim -1.70 \pm 0.05$ and a peak energy of $\sim 257 \pm 134$ keV. After detection of GRB 240219A, long-term observations identified several candidates in optical and radio wavelengths, none of which was confirmed as the afterglow counterpart during subsequent optical and near-infrared follow-ups. The analysis of GRB 240219A classifies it as an X-ray rich GRB (XRR) with a high peak energy, presenting both challenges and opportunities for studying the physical origins of X-ray flashes, XRRs, and classical GRBs. Furthermore, linking the cutoff PL component to nonthermal synchrotron radiation suggests that the burst is driven by a Poynting flux-dominated outflow., Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2024
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18. Swift-BAT GUANO follow-up of gravitational-wave triggers in the third LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run

Author: Raman, Gayathri, Ronchini, Samuele, Delaunay, James, Tohuvavohu, Aaron, Kennea, Jamie A., Parsotan, Tyler, Ambrosi, Elena, Bernardini, Maria Grazia, Campana, Sergio, Cusumano, Giancarlo, D'Ai, Antonino, D'Avanzo, Paolo, D'Elia, Valerio, De Pasquale, Massimiliano, Dichiara, Simone, Evans, Phil, Hartmann, Dieter, Kuin, Paul, Melandri, Andrea, O'Brien, Paul, Osborne, Julian P., Page, Kim, Palmer, David M., Sbarufatti, Boris, Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, Troja, Eleonora, Abac, A. G., Abbott, R., Abe, H., Abouelfettouh, I., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adamcewicz, C., Adhicary, S., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Aguiar, O. D., Aguilar, I., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Al-Jodah, A., Alléné, C., Allocca, A., Al-Shammari, S., Altin, P. A., Alvarez-Lopez, S., Amato, A., Amez-Droz, L., Amorosi, A., Amra, C., Anand, S., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Andia, M., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Anglin, J., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Aoumi, M., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Aritomi, N., Armato, F., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Avallone, G., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bagnasco, S., Bagui, E., Bai, Y., Baier, J. G., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Baral, P., Barayoga, J. C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Barthelmy, S. D., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Basalaev, A., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bawaj, M., Baxi, P., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Bazzan, M., Bécsy, B., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belardinelli, D., Bell, A. S., Benedetto, V., Beniwal, D., Benoit, W., Bentley, J. D., Yaala, M. Ben, Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Beroiz, M., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bevins, N., Bhandare, R., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bhowmick, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Binetti, A., Bini, S., Birnholtz, O., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Bogaert, G., Boileau, G., Boldrini, M., Bolingbroke, G. N., Bolliand, A., Bonavena, L. D., Bondarescu, R., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonilla, M. S., Bonino, A., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Borchers, A., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Boumerdassi, A., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braglia, M., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brockmueller, E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. D., Brozzetti, M. L., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Bucci, F., Buchanan, J., Bulashenko, O., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burtnyk, K., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Davies, G. S. Cabourn, Cabras, G., Cabrita, R., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callaghan, J. D., Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Santoro, G. Caneva, Cannavacciuolo, M., Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Cao, Z., Capistran, L. A., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlassara, M., Carlin, J. B., Carpinelli, M., Carrillo, G., Carter, J. J., Carullo, G., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castaldi, G., Castro-Lucas, S. Y., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Chakraborty, P., Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka, Chan, C., Chan, J. C. L., Chan, K. H. M., Chan, M., Chan, W. L., Chandra, K., Chang, R. -J., Chanial, P., Chao, S., Chapman-Bird, C., Charlton, E. L., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, C., Chatterjee, Debarati, Chatterjee, Deep, Chaturvedi, M., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chen, A. H. -Y., Chen, D., Chen, H., Chen, H. Y., Chen, K. H., Chen, X., Chen, Yi-Ru, Chen, Yanbei, Chen, Yitian, Cheng, H. P., Chessa, P., Cheung, H. T., Chia, H. Y., Chiadini, F., Chiang, C., Chiarini, G., Chiba, A., Chiba, R., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiofalo, M. L., Chiummo, A., Chou, C., Choudhary, S., Christensen, N., Chua, S. S. Y., Chung, K. W., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieślar, M., Cifaldi, M., Ciobanu, A. A., Ciolfi, R., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clarke, T. A., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Codazzo, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Collins, J., Colloms, S., Colombo, A., Colpi, M., Compton, C. M., Conti, L., Cooper, S. J., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Cornish, N. J., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cottingham, R., Coughlin, M. W., Couineaux, A., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Coupechoux, J. -F., Cousins, B., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creed, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cremonese, P., Criswell, A. W., Crockett-Gray, J. C. G., Croquette, M., Crouch, R., Crowder, S. G., Cudell, J. R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cuoco, E., Cusinato, M., Dabadie, P., Canton, T. Dal, Dall'Osso, S., Dálya, G., D'Angelo, B., Danilishin, S., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darroch, K. E., Dartez, L. P., Dasgupta, A., Datta, S., Dattilo, V., Daumas, A., Davari, N., Dave, I., Davenport, A., Davier, M., Davies, T. F., Davis, D., Davis, L., Davis, M. C., Daw, E. J., Dax, M., De Bolle, J., Deenadayalan, M., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., Del Favero, V., De Lillo, F., Dell'Aquila, D., Del Pozzo, W., De Marco, F., De Matteis, F., D'Emilio, V., Demos, N., Dent, T., Depasse, A., DePergola, N., De Pietri, R., De Rosa, R., De Rossi, C., De Simone, R., Dhani, A., Dhurandhar, S., Diab, R., Díaz, M. C., Di Cesare, M., Dideron, G., Didio, N. A., Dietrich, T., Di Fiore, L., Di Fronzo, C., Di Giovanni, F., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Diksha, D., Di Michele, A., Ding, J., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Divyajyoti, Dmitriev, A., Doctor, Z., Dohmen, E., Doleva, P. P., Donahue, L., D'Onofrio, L., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Dooney, T., Doravari, S., Dorosh, O., Drago, M., Driggers, J. C., Drori, Y., Ducoin, J. -G., Dunn, L., Dupletsa, U., D'Urso, D., Duval, H., Duverne, P. -A., Dwyer, S. E., Eassa, C., Ebersold, M., Eckhardt, T., Eddolls, G., Edelman, B., Edo, T. B., Edy, O., Effler, A., Eichholz, J., Einsle, H., Eisenmann, M., Eisenstein, R. A., Ejlli, A., Emma, M., Engelby, E., Engl, A. J., Errico, L., Essick, R. C., Estellés, H., Estevez, D., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evstafyeva, T., Ewing, B. E., Ezquiaga, J. M., Fabrizi, F., Faedi, F., Fafone, V., Fairhurst, S., Fan, P. C., Farah, A. M., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favaro, G., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fazio, M., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Fenyvesi, E., Ferguson, D. L., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, T. A., Fidecaro, F., Fiori, A., Fiori, I., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fittipaldi, R., Fiumara, V., Flaminio, R., Fleischer, S. M., Fleming, L. S., Floden, E., Foley, E. M., Fong, H., Font, J. A., Fornal, B., Forsyth, P. W. F., Franceschetti, K., Franchini, N., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Mascioli, A. Frattale, Frei, Z., Freise, A., Freitas, O., Frey, R., Frischhertz, W., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fronzé, G. G., Fuentes-Garcia, M., Fujii, S., Fukunaga, I., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabella, W. E., Gadre, B., Gair, J. R., Galaudage, S., Gallardo, S., Gallego, B., Gamba, R., Gamboa, A., Ganapathy, D., Ganguly, A., Gaonkar, S. G., Garaventa, B., Garcia-Bellido, J., García-Núñez, C., García-Quirós, C., Gardner, J. W., Gardner, K. A., Gargiulo, J., Garron, A., Garufi, F., Gasbarra, C., Gateley, B., Gayathri, V., Gemme, G., Gennai, A., George, J., George, R., Gerberding, O., Gergely, L., Ghadiri, N., Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, Shaon, Ghosh, Shrobana, Ghosh, Suprovo, Ghosh, Tathagata, Giacoppo, L., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Gibson, D. R., Gibson, D. T., Gier, C., Giri, P., Gissi, F., Gkaitatzis, S., Glanzer, J., Gleckl, A. E., Glotin, F., Godfrey, J., Godwin, P., Goebbels, N. L., Goetz, E., Golomb, J., Lopez, S. Gomez, Goncharov, B., González, G., Goodarzi, P., Goodwin-Jones, A. W., Gosselin, M., Göttel, A. S., Gouaty, R., Gould, D. W., Goyal, S., Grace, B., Grado, A., Graham, V., Granados, A. E., Granata, M., Granata, V., Argianas, L. Granda, Gras, S., Grassia, P., Gray, C., Gray, R., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Green, S. M., Green, S. R., Gretarsson, A. M., Gretarsson, E. M., Griffith, D., Griffiths, W. L., Griggs, H. L., Grignani, G., Grimaldi, A., Grimaud, C., Grote, H., Gruson, A. S., Guerra, D., Guetta, D., Guidi, G. M., Guimaraes, A. R., Gulati, H. K., Gulminelli, F., Gunny, A. M., Guo, H., Guo, W., Guo, Y., Gupta, Anchal, Gupta, Anuradha, Gupta, Ish, Gupta, N. C., Gupta, P., Gupta, S. K., Gupta, T., Gupte, N., Gurav, R., Gurs, J., Gutierrez, N., Guzman, F., Haba, D., Haberland, M., Haegel, L., Hain, G., Haino, S., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Han, W. -B., Haney, M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O. A., Hanselman, A. G., Hansen, H., Hanson, J., Harada, R., Harder, T., Haris, K., Harmark, T., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Haskell, B., Haster, C. -J., Hathaway, J. S., Haughian, K., Hayakawa, H., Hayama, K., Healy, J., Heffernan, A., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heinze, J., Heinzel, J., Heitmann, H., Hellman, F., Hello, P., Helmling-Cornell, A. F., Hemming, G., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennes, E., Hennig, J. -S., Hennig, M., Henshaw, C., Hernandez, A., Hertog, T., Heurs, M., Hewitt, A. L., Higginbotham, S., Hild, S., Hill, P., Hill, S., Himemoto, Y., Hines, A. S., Hirata, N., Hirose, C., Ho, J., Hoang, S., Hochheim, S., Hofman, D., Holland, N. A., Holley-Bockelmann, K., Hollows, I. J., Holmes, Z. J., Holz, D. E., Hong, C., Hornung, J., Hoshino, S., Hough, J., Hourihane, S., Howell, E. J., Hoy, C. G., Hoyland, D., Hrishikesh, C. A., Hsieh, H. -F., Hsiung, C., Hsu, H. C., Hsu, S. -C., Hsu, W. -F., Hu, P., Hu, Q., Huang, H. Y., Huang, Y. -J., Huang, Y., Huang, Y. T., Huddart, A. D., Hughey, B., Hui, D. C. Y., Hui, V., Hur, R., Husa, S., Huxford, R., Huynh-Dinh, T., Iakovlev, A., Iandolo, G. A., Iess, A., Inayoshi, K., Inoue, Y., Iorio, G., Irwin, J., Isi, M., Ismail, M. A., Itoh, Y., Iwaya, M., Iyer, B. R., JaberianHamedan, V., Jacquet, P. -E., Jadhav, S. J., Jadhav, S. P., Jain, T., James, A. L., James, P. A., Jamshidi, R., Jan, A. Z., Jani, K., Janiurek, L., Janquart, J., Janssens, K., Janthalur, N. N., Jaraba, S., Jaranowski, P., Jasal, P., Jaume, R., Javed, W., Jennings, A., Jia, W., Jiang, J., Jin, H. -B., Johansmeyer, K., Johns, G. R., Johnson, N. A., Johnston, R., Johny, N., Jones, D. H., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jose, S., Joshi, P., Ju, L., Jung, K., Junker, J., Juste, V., Kajita, T., Kalaghatgi, C., Kalogera, V., Kamiizumi, M., Kanda, N., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Kapadia, S. J., Kapasi, D. P., Karat, S., Karathanasis, C., Karki, S., Kashyap, R., Kasprzack, M., Kastaun, W., Kato, J., Kato, T., Katsanevas, S., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaur, T., Kaushik, R., Kawabe, K., Keitel, D., Kelley-Derzon, J., Kennington, J., Kesharwani, R., Key, J. S., Khadka, S., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, F., Khan, I., Khanam, T., Khazanov, E. A., Khursheed, M., Kiendrebeogo, W., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, C., Kim, J. C., Kim, K., Kim, M. H., Kim, S., Kim, W. S., Kim, Y. -M., Kimball, C., Kimura, N., Kinley-Hanlon, M., Kinnear, M., Kissel, J. S., Kiyota, T., Klimenko, S., Klinger, T., Knee, A. M., Knust, N., Koch, P., Koehlenbeck, S. M., Koekoek, G., Kohri, K., Kokeyama, K., Koley, S., Kolitsidou, P., Kolstein, M., Komori, K., Kong, A. K. H., Kontos, A., Korobko, M., Kossak, R. V., Kou, X., Koushik, A., Kouvatsos, N., Kovalam, M., Koyama, N., Kozak, D. B., Kranzhoff, S. L., Kringel, V., Krishnendu, N. V., Królak, A., Kuehn, G., Kuijer, P., Kulkarni, S., Ramamohan, A. Kulur, Kumar, A., Kumar, Praveen, Kumar, Prayush, Kumar, Rahul, Kumar, Rakesh, Kume, J., Kuns, K., Kuroyanagi, S., Kuwahara, S., Kwak, K., Kwan, K., Lacaille, G., Lagabbe, P., Laghi, D., Lai, S., Laity, A. H., Lakkis, M. H., Lalande, E., Lalleman, M., Landry, M., Lane, B. B., Lang, R. N., Lange, J., Lantz, B., La Rana, A., La Rosa, I., Lartaux-Vollard, A., Lasky, P. D., Lawrence, J., Laxen, M., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., LeBohec, S., Lecoeuche, Y. K., Lee, H. M., Lee, H. W., Lee, K., Lee, R. -K., Lee, R., Lee, S., Lee, Y., Legred, I. N., Lehmann, J., Lehner, L., Lemaître, A., Lenti, M., Leonardi, M., Leonova, E., Lequime, M., Leroy, N., Lesovsky, M., Letendre, N., Lethuillier, M., Levesque, C., Levin, Y., Leyde, K., Li, A. K. Y., Li, K. L., Li, T. G. F., Li, X., Lin, Chien-Yu, Lin, Chun-Yu, Lin, E. T., Lin, F., Lin, H., Lin, L. C. -C., Linde, F., Linker, S. D., Littenberg, T. B., Liu, A., Liu, G. C., Liu, Jian, Llamas, F., Llobera-Querol, J., Lo, R. K. L., Locquet, J. -P., London, L., Longo, A., Lopez, D., Portilla, M. Lopez, Lorenzini, M., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lott IV, T. P., Lough, J. D., Loughlin, H. A., Lousto, C. O., Lowry, M. J., Lück, H., Lumaca, D., Lundgren, A. P., Lussier, A. W., Ma, L. -T., Ma, S., Ma'arif, M., Macas, R., MacInnis, M., Maciy, R. R., Macleod, D. M., MacMillan, I. A. O., Macquet, A., Macri, D., Maeda, K., Maenaut, S., Hernandez, I. Magaña, Magare, S. S., Magazzù, C., Magee, R. M., Maggio, E., Maggiore, R., Magnozzi, M., Mahesh, M., Mahesh, S., Maini, M., Majhi, S., Majorana, E., Makarem, C. N., Malaquias-Reis, J. A., Maliakal, S., Malik, A., Man, N., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mannix, B., Mansell, G. L., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Mapelli, M., Marchesoni, F., Pina, D. Marín, Marion, F., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Markakis, C., Markosyan, A. S., Markowitz, A., Maros, E., Marquina, A., Marsat, S., Martelli, F., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martinez, B. B., Martinez, M., Martinez, V., Martini, A., Martinovic, K., Martins, J. C., Martynov, D. V., Marx, E. J., Massaro, L., Masserot, A., Masso-Reid, M., Mastrodicasa, M., Mastrogiovanni, S., Mateu-Lucena, M., Matiushechkina, M., Matsuyama, M., Mavalvala, N., Maxwell, N., McCarrol, G., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McCormick, S., McCuller, L., McGhee, G. I., McGowan, K. B. M., Mchedlidze, M., McIsaac, C., McIver, J., McKinney, K., McLeod, A., McRae, T., McWilliams, S. T., Meacher, D., Mehta, A. K., Meijer, Q., Melatos, A., Mellaerts, S., Menendez-Vazquez, A., Menoni, C. S., Mercer, R. A., Mereni, L., Merfeld, K., Merilh, E. L., Mérou, J. R., Merritt, J. D., Merzougui, M., Messenger, C., Messick, C., Meyer-Conde, M., Meylahn, F., Mhaske, A., Miani, A., Miao, H., Michaloliakos, I., Michel, C., Michimura, Y., Middleton, H., Miller, A. L., Miller, S., Millhouse, M., Milotti, E., Minenkov, Y., Mio, N., Mir, Ll. M., Mirasola, L., Miravet-Tenés, M., Miritescu, C. -A., Mishra, A. K., Mishra, A., Mishra, C., Mishra, T., Mitchell, A. L., Mitchell, J. G., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mitselmakher, G., Mittleman, R., Miyakawa, O., Miyamoto, S., Miyoki, S., Mo, G., Mobilia, L., Modafferi, L. M., Mohapatra, S. R. P., Mohite, S. R., Molina-Ruiz, M., Mondal, C., Mondin, M., Montani, M., Moore, C. J., Morales, M., Moraru, D., Morawski, F., More, A., More, S., Moreno, C., Moreno, G., Morisaki, S., Moriwaki, Y., Morras, G., Moscatello, A., Mourier, P., Mours, B., Mow-Lowry, C. M., Mozzon, S., Muciaccia, F., Mukherjee, D., Mukherjee, Samanwaya, Mukherjee, Soma, Mukherjee, Subroto, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Mukund, N., Mullavey, A., Munch, J., Mungioli, C. L., Munn, M., Oberg, W. R. Munn, Murakoshi, M., Murray, P. G., Muusse, S., Nadji, S. L., Nagar, A., Nagarajan, N., Nagler, K. N., Nakamura, K., Nakano, H., Nakano, M., Nandi, D., Napolano, V., Narayan, P., Nardecchia, I., Narola, H., Naticchioni, L., Nayak, R. K., Neil, B. F., Neilson, J., Nelson, A., Nelson, T. J. N., Nery, M., Neunzert, A., Ng, S., Nguyen, C., Nguyen, P., Quynh, L. Nguyen, Nichols, S. A., Nielsen, A. B., Nieradka, G., Niko, A., Nishino, Y., Nishizawa, A., Nissanke, S., Nitoglia, E., Niu, W., Nocera, F., Norman, M., North, C., Novak, J., Siles, J. F. Nuño, Nurbek, G., Nuttall, L. K., Obayashi, K., Oberling, J., O'Dell, J., Oertel, M., Offermans, A., Oganesyan, G., Oh, J. J., Oh, K., Oh, S. H., O'Hanlon, T., Ohashi, M., Ohkawa, M., Ohme, F., Ohta, H., Oliveira, A. S., Oliveri, R., Oloworaran, V., O'Neal, B., Oohara, K., O'Reilly, B., Ormsby, N. D., Orselli, M., O'Shaughnessy, R., Oshima, Y., Oshino, S., Ossokine, S., Osthelder, C., Ottaway, D. J., Ouzriat, A., Overmier, H., Owen, B. J., Pace, A. E., Pagano, R., Page, M. A., Pai, A., Pai, S. A., Pal, A., Pal, S., Palaia, M. A., Palashov, O., Pálfi, M., Palma, P. P., Palomba, C., Pan, K. C., Panda, P. K., Panebianco, L., Pang, P. T. H., Pannarale, F., Pant, B. C., Panther, F. H., Panzer, C. D., Paoletti, F., Paoli, A., Paolone, A., Papalexakis, E. E., Papalini, L., Papigkiotis, G., Parisi, A., Park, J., Parker, W., Pascale, G., Pascucci, D., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passuello, D., Patane, O., Patel, M., Pathak, D., Pathak, M., Patra, A., Patricelli, B., Patron, A. S., Paul, S., Payne, E., Pearce, T., Pedraza, M., Pegna, R., Pele, A., Arellano, F. E. Peña, Penn, S., Penuliar, M. D., Perego, A., Pereira, A., Perez, J. J., Périgois, C., Perkins, C. C., Perna, G., Perreca, A., Perret, J., Perriès, S., Perry, J. W., Pesios, D., Petrillo, C., Pfeiffer, H. P., Pham, H., Pham, K. A., Phukon, K. S., Phurailatpam, H., Piccinni, O. J., Pichot, M., Piendibene, M., Piergiovanni, F., Pierini, L., Pierra, G., Pierro, V., Pietrzak, M., Pillas, M., Pilo, F., Pinard, L., Pineda-Bosque, C., Pinto, I. M., Pinto, M., Piotrzkowski, B. J., Pirello, M., Pitkin, M. D., Placidi, A., Placidi, E., Planas, M. L., Plastino, W., Poggiani, R., Polini, E., Pompili, L., Poon, J., Porcelli, E., Portell, J., Porter, E. K., Posnansky, C., Poulton, R., Powell, J., Pracchia, M., Pradhan, B. K., Pradier, T., Prajapati, A. K., Prasai, K., Prasanna, R., Prasia, P., Pratten, G., Principe, M., Prodi, G. A., Prokhorov, L., Prosposito, P., Prudenzi, L., Puecher, A., Pullin, J., Punturo, M., Puosi, F., Puppo, P., Pürrer, M., Qi, H., Qin, J., Quéméner, G., Quetschke, V., Quigley, C., Quinonez, P. J., Quitzow-James, R., Raab, F. J., Raaijmakers, G., Radulesco, N., Raffai, P., Rail, S. X., Raja, S., Rajan, C., Rajbhandari, B., Ramirez, D. S., Ramirez, K. E., Vidal, F. A. Ramis, Ramos-Buades, A., Rana, D., Randel, E., Ranjan, S., Rapagnani, P., Ratto, B., Rawat, S., Ray, A., Raymond, V., Razzano, M., Read, J., Payo, M. Recaman, Regimbau, T., Rei, L., Reid, S., Reid, S. W., Reitze, D. H., Relton, P., Renzini, A., Rettegno, P., Revenu, B., Reza, A., Rezac, M., Rezaei, A. S., Ricci, F., Ricci, M., Richards, D., Richardson, C. J., Richardson, J. W., Rijal, A., Riles, K., Riley, H. K., Rinaldi, S., Rittmeyer, J., Robertson, C., Robinet, F., Robinson, M., Rocchi, A., Rolland, L., Rollins, J. G., Romanelli, M., Romano, A. E., Romano, R., Romero, A., Romero-Shaw, I. M., Romie, J. H., Roocke, T. J., Rosa, L., Rosauer, T. J., Rose, C. A., Rosińska, D., Ross, M. P., Rossello, M., Rowan, S., Roy, S. K., Roy, S., Rozza, D., Ruggi, P., Morales, E. Ruiz, Ruiz-Rocha, K., Sachdev, S., Sadecki, T., Sadiq, J., Saffarieh, P., Sah, M. R., Saha, S. S., Sainrat, T., Menon, S. Sajith, Sakai, K., Sakellariadou, M., Sako, T., Sakon, S., Salafia, O. S., Salces-Carcoba, F., Salconi, L., Saleem, M., Salemi, F., Sallé, M., Salvador, S., Sanchez, A., Sanchez, E. J., Sanchez, J. H., Sanchez, L. E., Sanchis-Gual, N., Sanders, J. R., Sänger, E. M., Saravanan, T. R., Sarin, N., Sasli, A., Sassi, P., Sassolas, B., Satari, H., Sato, R., Sato, S., Sato, Y., Sauter, O., Savage, R. L., Sawada, T., Sawant, H. L., Sayah, S., Schaetzl, D., Scheel, M., Scheuer, J., Schiworski, M. G., Schmidt, P., Schmidt, S., Schnabel, R., Schneewind, M., Schofield, R. M. S., Schouteden, K., Schuler, H., Schulte, B. W., Schutz, B. F., Schwartz, E., Scott, J., Scott, S. M., Seetharamu, T. C., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Sekiguchi, Y., Sellers, D., Sengupta, A. S., Sentenac, D., Seo, E. G., Seo, J. W., Sequino, V., Sergeev, A., Serra, M., Servignat, G., Setyawati, Y., Shaffer, T., Shah, U. S., Shahriar, M. S., Shaikh, M. A., Shams, B., Shao, L., Sharma, A. K., Sharma, P., Sharma-Chaudhary, S., Shawhan, P., Shcheblanov, N. S., Shen, B., Shikano, Y., Shikauchi, M., Shimode, K., Shinkai, H., Shiota, J., Shoemaker, D. H., Shoemaker, D. M., Short, R. W., ShyamSundar, S., Sider, A., Siegel, H., Sieniawska, M., Sigg, D., Silenzi, L., Simmonds, M., Singer, L. P., Singh, A., Singh, D., Singh, M. K., Singha, A., Sintes, A. M., Sipala, V., Skliris, V., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Slaven-Blair, T. J., Smetana, J., Smith, J. R., Smith, L., Smith, R. J. E., Smith, W. J., Soldateschi, J., Somala, S. N., Somiya, K., Soni, K., Soni, S., Sordini, V., Sorrentino, F., Sorrentino, N., Soulard, R., Souradeep, T., Southgate, A., Sowell, E., Spagnuolo, V., Spencer, A. P., Spera, M., Spinicelli, P., Srivastava, A. K., Stachurski, F., Steer, D. A., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Stergioulas, N., Stevens, P., StPierre, M., Strang, L. C., Stratta, G., Strong, M. D., Strunk, A., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Suchenek, M., Sudhagar, S., Sueltmann, N., Sullivan, A. G., Sullivan, K. D., Sun, L., Sunil, S., Sur, A., Suresh, J., Sutton, P. J., Suzuki, Takamasa, Suzuki, Takanori, Swinkels, B. L., Syx, A., Szczepańczyk, M. J., Szewczyk, P., Tacca, M., Tagoshi, H., Tait, S. C., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, R., Takamori, A., Takatani, K., Takeda, H., Takeda, M., Talbot, C. J., Talbot, C., Tamaki, M., Tamanini, N., Tanabe, D., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, S. J., Tanaka, T., Tanasijczuk, A. J., Tang, D., Tanioka, S., Tanner, D. B., Tao, L., Tapia, R. D., Martín, E. N. Tapia San, Tarafder, R., Taranto, C., Taruya, A., Tasson, J. D., Teloi, M., Tenorio, R., Themann, H., Theodoropoulos, A., Thirugnanasambandam, M. P., Thomas, L. M., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thompson, J. E., Thondapu, S. R., Thorne, K. A., Thrane, E., Tissino, J., Tiwari, A., Tiwari, Shubhanshu, Tiwari, Srishti, Tiwari, V., Todd, M. R., Toivonen, A. M., Toland, K., Tolley, A. E., Tomaru, T., Tomita, K., Tomura, T., Tong-Yu, C., Toriyama, A., Toropov, N., Torres-Forné, A., Torrie, C. I., Toscani, M., Melo, I. Tosta e, Tournefier, E., Trani, A. A., Trapananti, A., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Trenado, J., Trevor, M., Tringali, M. C., Tripathee, A., Troiano, L., Trovato, A., Trozzo, L., Trudeau, R. J., Tsang, T. T. L., Tso, R., Tsuchida, S., Tsukada, L., Tsutsui, T., Turbang, K., Turconi, M., Turski, C., Ubach, H., Ubhi, A. S., Uchikata, N., Uchiyama, T., Udall, R. P., Uehara, T., Ueno, K., Unnikrishnan, C. S., Ushiba, T., Utina, A., Vacatello, M., Vahlbruch, H., Vaidya, N., Vajente, G., Vajpeyi, A., Valdes, G., Valencia, J., Valentini, M., Vallejo-Peña, S. A., Vallero, S., Valsan, V., van Bakel, N., van Beuzekom, M., van Dael, M., Brand, J. F. J. van den, Broeck, C. Van Den, Vander-Hyde, D. C., van der Sluys, M., Van de Walle, A., van Dongen, J., Vandra, K., van Haevermaet, H., van Heijningen, J. V., Vanosky, J., van Putten, M. H. P. M., van Ranst, Z., van Remortel, N., Vardaro, M., Vargas, A. F., Varma, V., Vasúth, M., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venikoudis, S., Venneberg, J., Verdier, P., Verkindt, D., Verma, B., Verma, P., Verma, Y., Vermeulen, S. M., Veske, D., Vetrano, F., Veutro, A., Vibhute, A. M., Viceré, A., Vidyant, S., Viets, A. D., Vijaykumar, A., Vilkha, A., Villa-Ortega, V., Vincent, E. T., Vinet, J. -Y., Viret, S., Virtuoso, A., Vitale, S., Vocca, H., Voigt, D., von Reis, E. R. G., von Wrangel, J. S. A., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Wagner, K. J., Walet, R. C., Walker, M., Wallace, G. S., Wallace, L., Wang, H., Wang, J. Z., Wang, W. H., Wang, Z., Waratkar, G., Ward, R. L., Warner, J., Was, M., Washimi, T., Washington, N. Y., Watarai, D., Wayt, K. E., Weaver, B., Weaving, C. R., Webster, S. A., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Weller, C. M., Weller, R. A., Wellmann, F., Wen, L., Weßels, P., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., White, D. D., Whiting, B. F., Whittle, C., Wildberger, J. B., Wilk, O. S., Wilken, D., Willetts, K., Williams, D., Williams, M. J., Williams, N. S., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wils, M., Wipf, C. C., Woan, G., Woehler, J., Wofford, J. K., Wolfe, N. E., Wong, D., Wong, H. T., Wong, H. W. Y., Wong, I. C. F., Wright, J. L., Wright, M., Wu, C., Wu, D. S., Wu, H., Wysocki, D. M., Xiao, L., Xu, V. A., Xu, Y., Yadav, N., Yamamoto, H., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, M., Yamamoto, T. S., Yamamoto, T., Yamamura, S., Yamazaki, R., Yan, S., Yan, T., Yang, F. W., Yang, F., Yang, K. Z., Yang, L. -C., Yang, Y., Yarbrough, Z., Yeh, S. -W., Yelikar, A. B., Yeung, S. M. C., Yin, X., Yokoyama, J., Yokozawa, T., Yoo, J., Yu, H., Yuzurihara, H., Zadrożny, A., Zannelli, A. J., Zanolin, M., Zeeshan, M., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J. -P., Zeoli, M., Zerrad, M., Zevin, M., Zhang, A. C., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhao, Yue, Zhao, Yuhang, Zheng, Y., Zhong, H., Zhong, S., Zhou, R., Zhu, Z. -H., Zimmerman, A. B., Zucker, M. E., and Zweizig, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: We present results from a search for X-ray/gamma-ray counterparts of gravitational-wave (GW) candidates from the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) network using the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (Swift-BAT). The search includes 636 GW candidates received in low latency, 86 of which have been confirmed by the offline analysis and included in the third cumulative Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalogs (GWTC-3). Targeted searches were carried out on the entire GW sample using the maximum--likelihood NITRATES pipeline on the BAT data made available via the GUANO infrastructure. We do not detect any significant electromagnetic emission that is temporally and spatially coincident with any of the GW candidates. We report flux upper limits in the 15-350 keV band as a function of sky position for all the catalog candidates. For GW candidates where the Swift-BAT false alarm rate is less than 10$^{-3}$ Hz, we compute the GW--BAT joint false alarm rate. Finally, the derived Swift-BAT upper limits are used to infer constraints on the putative electromagnetic emission associated with binary black hole mergers., Comment: 50 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2024

19. Euclid preparation. LI. Forecasting the recovery of galaxy physical properties and their relations with template-fitting and machine-learning methods

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Enia, A., Bolzonella, M., Pozzetti, L., Humphrey, A., Cunha, P. A. C., Hartley, W. G., Dubath, F., Paltani, S., Lopez, X. Lopez, Quai, S., Bardelli, S., Bisigello, L., Cavuoti, S., De Lucia, G., Ginolfi, M., Grazian, A., Siudek, M., Tortora, C., Zamorani, G., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Fabricius, M., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Jahnke, K., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., McCracken, H. J., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Neissner, C., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Pettorino, V., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sapone, D., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Scodeggio, M., Secroun, A., Sefusatti, E., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Surace, C., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Boucaud, A., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Gracia-Carpio, J., Mauri, N., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Porciani, C., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Ballardini, M., Bergamini, P., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Contini, T., Cooray, A. R., Cucciati, O., Davini, S., De Caro, B., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gozaliasl, G., Hall, A., Hemmati, S., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stanford, S. A., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., Zinchenko, I. A., Rodighiero, G., and Talia, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Euclid will collect an enormous amount of data during the mission's lifetime, observing billions of galaxies in the extragalactic sky. Along with traditional template-fitting methods, numerous machine learning algorithms have been presented for computing their photometric redshifts and physical parameters (PPs), requiring significantly less computing effort while producing equivalent performance measures. However, their performance is limited by the quality and amount of input information, to the point where the recovery of some well-established physical relationships between parameters might not be guaranteed. To forecast the reliability of Euclid photo-$z$s and PPs calculations, we produced two mock catalogs simulating Euclid photometry. We simulated the Euclid Wide Survey (EWS) and Euclid Deep Fields (EDF). We tested the performance of a template-fitting algorithm (Phosphoros) and four ML methods in recovering photo-$z$s, PPs (stellar masses and star formation rates), and the SFMS. To mimic the Euclid processing as closely as possible, the models were trained with Phosphoros-recovered labels. For the EWS, we found that the best results are achieved with a mixed labels approach, training the models with wide survey features and labels from the Phosphoros results on deeper photometry, that is, with the best possible set of labels for a given photometry. This imposes a prior, helping the models to better discern cases in degenerate regions of feature space, that is, when galaxies have similar magnitudes and colors but different redshifts and PPs, with performance metrics even better than those found with Phosphoros. We found no more than 3% performance degradation using a COSMOS-like reference sample or removing u band data, which will not be available until after data release DR1. The best results are obtained for the EDF, with appropriate recovery of photo-$z$, PPs, and the SFMS., Comment: 26 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication on A&A
Published: 2024
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20. Euclid preparation. Sensitivity to non-standard particle dark matter model

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Lesgourgues, J., Schwagereit, J., Bucko, J., Parimbelli, G., Giri, S. K., Hervas-Peters, F., Schneider, A., Archidiacono, M., Pace, F., Sakr, Z., Amara, A., Amendola, L., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Aussel, H., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Di Giorgio, A. M., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoekstra, H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Ilić, S., Jahnke, K., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kubik, B., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Laureijs, R., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Nakajima, R., Neissner, C., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Saglia, R., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Scaramella, R., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Sefusatti, E., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Fabbian, G., Farinelli, R., Gracia-Carpio, J., Mauri, N., Nucita, A. A., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Anselmi, S., Ballardini, M., Bertacca, D., Blot, L., Böhringer, H., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Davini, S., De Caro, B., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Munñoz, A. Jimenez, Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Libet, G., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Tao, C., Tessore, N., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., and Verza, G.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Euclid mission of the European Space Agency will provide weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clustering surveys that can be used to constrain the standard cosmological model and its extensions, with an opportunity to test the properties of dark matter beyond the minimal cold dark matter paradigm. We present forecasts from the combination of these surveys on the parameters describing four interesting and representative non-minimal dark matter models: a mixture of cold and warm dark matter relics; unstable dark matter decaying either into massless or massive relics; and dark matter experiencing feeble interactions with relativistic relics. We model these scenarios at the level of the non-linear matter power spectrum using emulators trained on dedicated N-body simulations. We use a mock Euclid likelihood to fit mock data and infer error bars on dark matter parameters marginalised over other parameters. We find that the Euclid photometric probe (alone or in combination with CMB data from the Planck satellite) will be sensitive to the effect of each of the four dark matter models considered here. The improvement will be particularly spectacular for decaying and interacting dark matter models. With Euclid, the bounds on some dark matter parameters can improve by up to two orders of magnitude compared to current limits. We discuss the dependence of predicted uncertainties on different assumptions: inclusion of photometric galaxy clustering data, minimum angular scale taken into account, modelling of baryonic feedback effects. We conclude that the Euclid mission will be able to measure quantities related to the dark sector of particle physics with unprecedented sensitivity. This will provide important information for model building in high-energy physics. Any hint of a deviation from the minimal cold dark matter paradigm would have profound implications for cosmology and particle physics., Comment: 31 pages, 21 figures
Published: 2024

21. Euclid preparation. Observational expectations for redshift z<7 active galactic nuclei in the Euclid Wide and Deep surveys

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Selwood, M., Fotopoulou, S., Bremer, M. N., Bisigello, L., Landt, H., Bañados, E., Zamorani, G., Shankar, F., Stern, D., Lusso, E., Spinoglio, L., Allevato, V., Ricci, F., Feltre, A., Mannucci, F., Salvato, M., Bowler, R. A. A., Mignoli, M., Vergani, D., La Franca, F., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoekstra, H., Holliman, M. S., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Laureijs, R., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Rix, Hans-Walter, Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Scaramella, R., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Surace, C., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Colodro-Conde, C., De Lucia, G., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Farinelli, R., George, K., Gracia-Carpio, J., Martinelli, M., Mauri, N., Neissner, C., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Anselmi, S., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Contini, T., Cooray, A. R., Cucciati, O., Davini, S., De Caro, B., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Libet, G., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Nicastro, L., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Sánchez, A. G., Schneider, A., Sefusatti, E., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Steinwagner, J., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Verza, G., Weaver, J. R., and Zinchenko, I. A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We forecast the expected population of active galactic nuclei (AGN) observable in the Euclid Wide Survey (EWS) and Euclid Deep Survey (EDS). Starting from an X-ray luminosity function (XLF) we generate volume-limited samples of the AGN expected in the survey footprints. Each AGN is assigned an SED appropriate for its X-ray luminosity and redshift, with perturbations sampled from empirical distributions. The photometric detectability of each AGN is assessed via mock observation of the assigned SED. We estimate 40 million AGN will be detectable in at least one band in the EWS and 0.24 million in the EDS, corresponding to surface densities of 2.8$\times$10$^{3}$ deg$^{-2}$ and 4.7$\times$10$^{3}$ deg$^{-2}$. Employing colour selection criteria on our simulated data we select a sample of 4.8$\times$10$^{6}$ (331 deg$^{-2}$) AGN in the EWS and 1.7$\times$10$^{4}$ (346 deg$^{-2}$) in the EDS, amounting to 10% and 8% of the AGN detectable in the EWS and EDS. Including ancillary Rubin/LSST bands improves the completeness and purity of AGN selection. These data roughly double the total number of selected AGN to comprise 21% and 15% of the detectable AGN in the EWS and EDS. The total expected sample of colour-selected AGN contains 6.0$\times$10$^{6}$ (74%) unobscured AGN and 2.1$\times$10$^{6}$ (26%) obscured AGN, covering $0.02 \leq z \lesssim 5.2$ and $43 \leq \log_{10} (L_{bol} / erg s^{-1}) \leq 47$. With this simple colour selection, expected surface densities are already comparable to the yield of modern X-ray and mid-infrared surveys of similar area. The relative uncertainty on our expectation for detectable AGN is 6.7% for the EWS and 12.5% for the EDS, driven by the uncertainty of the XLF., Comment: 36 pages, 21 figures, submitted to A&A
Published: 2024

22. Euclid preparation. Detecting globular clusters in the Euclid survey

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Voggel, K., Lançon, A., Saifollahi, T., Larsen, S. S., Cantiello, M., Rejkuba, M., Cuillandre, J. -C., Hudelot, P., Nucita, A. A., Urbano, M., Romelli, E., Raj, M. A., Schirmer, M., Tortora, C., Abdurro'uf, Annibali, F., Baes, M., Boldrini, P., Cabanac, R., Carollo, D., Conselice, C. J., Duc, P. -A., Ferguson, A. M. N., Hunt, L. K., Knapen, J. H., Lonare, P., Marleau, F. R., Poulain, M., Sánchez-Janssen, R., Sola, E., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carlberg, R. G., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoekstra, H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Jahnke, K., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kohley, R., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Laureijs, R., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Nakajima, R., Nichol, R. C., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Scaramella, R., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Surace, C., Tallada-Crespí, P., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Colodro-Conde, C., De Lucia, G., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Farinelli, R., George, K., Gracia-Carpio, J., Liebing, P., Martinelli, M., Mauri, N., Neissner, C., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Bruton, S., Calabro, A., Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., De Caro, B., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Ilbert, O., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Libet, G., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Schneider, A., Sefusatti, E., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Steinwagner, J., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., Zinchenko, I. A., Mamon, G. A., and Scott, D.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Extragalactic globular clusters (EGCs) are an abundant and powerful tracer of galaxy dynamics and formation, and their own formation and evolution is also a matter of extensive debate. The compact nature of globular clusters means that they are hard to spatially resolve and thus study outside the Local Group. In this work we have examined how well EGCs will be detectable in images from the Euclid telescope, using both simulated pre-launch images and the first early-release observations of the Fornax galaxy cluster. The Euclid Wide Survey will provide high-spatial resolution VIS imaging in the broad IE band as well as near-infrared photometry (YE, JE, and HE). We estimate that the galaxies within 100 Mpc in the footprint of the Euclid survey host around 830 000 EGCs of which about 350 000 are within the survey's detection limits. For about half of these EGCs, three infrared colours will be available as well. For any galaxy within 50Mpc the brighter half of its GC luminosity function will be detectable by the Euclid Wide Survey. The detectability of EGCs is mainly driven by the residual surface brightness of their host galaxy. We find that an automated machine-learning EGC-classification method based on real Euclid data of the Fornax galaxy cluster provides an efficient method to generate high purity and high completeness GC candidate catalogues. We confirm that EGCs are spatially resolved compared to pure point sources in VIS images of Fornax. Our analysis of both simulated and first on-sky data show that Euclid will increase the number of GCs accessible with high-resolution imaging substantially compared to previous surveys, and will permit the study of GCs in the outskirts of their hosts. Euclid is unique in enabling systematic studies of EGCs in a spatially unbiased and homogeneous manner and is primed to improve our understanding of many understudied aspects of GC astrophysics., Comment: Submitted to A&A
Published: 2024

23. Euclid. V. The Flagship galaxy mock catalogue: a comprehensive simulation for the Euclid mission

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Castander, F. J., Fosalba, P., Stadel, J., Potter, D., Carretero, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Pozzetti, L., Bolzonella, M., Mamon, G. A., Blot, L., Hoffmann, K., Huertas-Company, M., Monaco, P., Gonzalez, E. J., De Lucia, G., Scarlata, C., Breton, M. -A., Linke, L., Viglione, C., Li, S. -S., Zhai, Z., Baghkhani, Z., Pardede, K., Neissner, C., Teyssier, R., Crocce, M., Tutusaus, I., Miller, L., Congedo, G., Biviano, A., Hirschmann, M., Pezzotta, A., Aussel, H., Hoekstra, H., Kitching, T., Percival, W. J., Guzzo, L., Mellier, Y., Oesch, P. A., Bowler, R. A. A., Bruton, S., Allevato, V., Gonzalez-Perez, V., Manera, M., Avila, S., Kovács, A., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Amendola, L., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Balestra, A., Bardelli, S., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fotopoulou, S., Fourmanoit, N., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Franzetti, P., Galeotta, S., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Granett, B. R., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Holliman, M. S., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kohley, R., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lahav, O., Laureijs, R., Mignant, D. Le, Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Masters, D. C., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Nakajima, R., Nichol, R. C., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paech, K., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Peacock, J. A., Pedersen, K., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Scodeggio, M., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Starck, J. -L., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tsyganov, A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zerbi, F. M., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Baccigalupi, C., Bernardeau, F., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Casenove, P., Castignani, G., Colodro-Conde, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Fabbian, G., Finelli, F., Gracia-Carpio, J., Ilić, S., Liebing, P., Marcin, S., Martinelli, M., Matthew, S., Mauri, N., Pöntinen, M., Porciani, C., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Sefusatti, E., Steinwagner, J., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Anselmi, S., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aubourg, E., Balaguera-Antolinez, A., Ballardini, M., Bertacca, D., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Böhringer, H., Borgani, S., Bouvard, T., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Quevedo, B. Camacho, Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Caro, F., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Contini, T., Cooray, A. R., Costanzi, M., Cucciati, O., Davini, S., De Caro, B., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ezziati, M., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gasparetto, T., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gonzalez, A. H., Gozaliasl, G., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Holland, A. D., Ilbert, O., Joudaki, S., Jullo, E., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Lesgourgues, J., Liaudat, T. I., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Miluzio, M., Mora, A., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Nicastro, L., Walton, Nicholas A., Oguri, M., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Pourtsidou, A., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Rollins, R. P., Rusholme, B., Sahlén, M., Sánchez, A. G., Schaye, J., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sereno, M., Shankar, F., Shulevski, A., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stanford, S. A., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Testera, G., Tewes, M., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Vernizzi, F., Verza, G., Vielzeuf, P., Weaver, J. R., Zalesky, L., Dimauro, P., Duc, P. -A., Fang, Y., Ferguson, A. M. N., Gutierrez, C. M., Kova{č}ić, I., Kruk, S., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Montoro, A., Murray, C., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Sarpa, E., Viitanen, A., Martín-Fleitas, J., and Yung, L. Y. A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the Flagship galaxy mock, a simulated catalogue of billions of galaxies designed to support the scientific exploitation of the Euclid mission. Euclid is a medium-class mission of the European Space Agency optimised to determine the properties of dark matter and dark energy on the largest scales of the Universe. It probes structure formation over more than 10 billion years primarily from the combination of weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clustering data. The breath of Euclid's data will also foster a wide variety of scientific analyses. The Flagship simulation was developed to provide a realistic approximation to the galaxies that will be observed by Euclid and used in its scientific analyses. We ran a state-of-the-art N-body simulation with four trillion particles, producing a lightcone on the fly. From the dark matter particles, we produced a catalogue of 16 billion haloes in one octant of the sky in the lightcone up to redshift z=3. We then populated these haloes with mock galaxies using a halo occupation distribution and abundance matching approach, calibrating the free parameters of the galaxy mock against observed correlations and other basic galaxy properties. Modelled galaxy properties include luminosity and flux in several bands, redshifts, positions and velocities, spectral energy distributions, shapes and sizes, stellar masses, star formation rates, metallicities, emission line fluxes, and lensing properties. We selected a final sample of 3.4 billion galaxies with a magnitude cut of H_E<26, where we are complete. We have performed a comprehensive set of validation tests to check the similarity to observational data and theoretical models. In particular, our catalogue is able to closely reproduce the main characteristics of the weak lensing and galaxy clustering samples to be used in the mission's main cosmological analysis. (abridged), Comment: Paper submitted as part of the A&A special issue `Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations
Published: 2024

24. Euclid. IV. The NISP Calibration Unit

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Hormuth, F., Jahnke, K., Schirmer, M., Lee, C. G. -Y., Scott, T., Barbier, R., Ferriol, S., Gillard, W., Grupp, F., Holmes, R., Holmes, W., Kubik, B., Macias-Perez, J., Laurent, M., Marpaud, J., Marton, M., Medinaceli, E., Morgante, G., Toledo-Moreo, R., Trifoglio, M., Rix, Hans-Walter, Secroun, A., Seiffert, M., Stassi, P., Wachter, S., Gutierrez, C. M., Vescovi, C., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Balestra, A., Bardelli, S., Battaglia, P., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, R., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Ducret, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Fabricius, M., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Faustini, F., Fotopoulou, S., Fourmanoit, N., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Franzetti, P., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., George, K., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoekstra, H., Hook, I., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jhabvala, M., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kohley, R., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Mignant, D. Le, Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marcin, S., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Morris, P. W., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Nakajima, R., Neissner, C., Nichol, R. C., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Paech, K., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Rusholme, B., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Sauvage, M., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Sefusatti, E., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Smadja, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zerbi, F. M., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Farinelli, R., Gracia-Carpio, J., Kazandjian, M. V., Mauri, N., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Aubourg, E., Ballardini, M., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Borsato, E., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Casenove, P., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Charles, Y., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Cucciati, O., Davini, S., De Caro, B., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Huertas-Company, M., Ilbert, O., Jacobson, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Laudisio, F., Legrand, L., Libet, G., Loureiro, A., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Miluzio, M., Moretti, C., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Rollins, R. P., Sahlén, M., Scarlata, C., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sereno, M., Shulevski, A., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Tao, C., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., Zalesky, L., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Bouvard, T., Caro, F., Dimauro, P., Fang, Y., Ferguson, A. M. N., Finoguenov, A., Gasparetto, T., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Graet, J. Le, Liaudat, T. I., Montoro, A., Murray, C., Oguri, M., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Sarpa, E., Tanidis, K., Vernizzi, F., Viitanen, A., Kova{č}ić, I., Lesgourgues, J., Martín-Fleitas, J., and Mora, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The near-infrared calibration unit (NI-CU) on board Euclid's Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) is the first astronomical calibration lamp based on light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to be operated in space. Euclid is a mission in ESA's Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 framework, to explore the dark universe and provide a next-level characterisation of the nature of gravitation, dark matter, and dark energy. Calibrating photometric and spectrometric measurements of galaxies to better than 1.5% accuracy in a survey homogeneously mapping ~14000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky requires a very detailed characterisation of near-infrared (NIR) detector properties, as well their constant monitoring in flight. To cover two of the main contributions - relative pixel-to-pixel sensitivity and non-linearity characteristics - as well as support other calibration activities, NI-CU was designed to provide spatially approximately homogeneous (<12% variations) and temporally stable illumination (0.1%-0.2% over 1200s) over the NISP detector plane, with minimal power consumption and energy dissipation. NI-CU is covers the spectral range ~[900,1900] nm - at cryo-operating temperature - at 5 fixed independent wavelengths to capture wavelength-dependent behaviour of the detectors, with fluence over a dynamic range of >=100 from ~15 ph s^-1 pixel^-1 to >1500 ph s^-1 pixel^-1. For this functionality, NI-CU is based on LEDs. We describe the rationale behind the decision and design process, describe the challenges in sourcing the right LEDs, as well as the qualification process and lessons learned. We also provide a description of the completed NI-CU, its capabilities and performance as well as its limits. NI-CU has been integrated into NISP and the Euclid satellite, and since Euclid's launch in July 2023 has started supporting survey operations., Comment: Paper accepted for publication in A&A as part of the special issue 'Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations
Published: 2024

25. Euclid. III. The NISP Instrument

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Jahnke, K., Gillard, W., Schirmer, M., Ealet, A., Maciaszek, T., Prieto, E., Barbier, R., Bonoli, C., Corcione, L., Dusini, S., Grupp, F., Hormuth, F., Ligori, S., Martin, L., Morgante, G., Padilla, C., Toledo-Moreo, R., Trifoglio, M., Valenziano, L., Bender, R., Castander, F. J., Garilli, B., Lilje, P. B., Rix, H. -W., Auricchio, N., Balestra, A., Barriere, J. -C., Battaglia, P., Berthe, M., Bodendorf, C., Boenke, T., Bon, W., Bonnefoi, A., Caillat, A., Capobianco, V., Carle, M., Casas, R., Cho, H., Costille, A., Ducret, F., Ferriol, S., Franceschi, E., Gimenez, J. -L., Holmes, W., Hornstrup, A., Jhabvala, M., Kohley, R., Kubik, B., Laureijs, R., Mignant, D. Le, Lloro, I., Medinaceli, E., Mellier, Y., Polenta, G., Racca, G. D., Renzi, A., Salvignol, J. -C., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Seiffert, M., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Strada, P., Smadja, G., Stanco, L., Wachter, S., Anselmi, S., Borsato, E., Caillat, L., Cogato, F., Colodro-Conde, C., Crouzet, P. -E., Conforti, V., D'Alessandro, M., Copin, Y., Cuillandre, J. -C., Davies, J. E., Davini, S., Derosa, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Di Ferdinando, D., Farinelli, R., Ferrari, A. G., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Gutierrez, C. M., Giacomini, F., Lagier, P., Gianotti, F., Krause, O., Madrid, F., Laudisio, F., Macias-Perez, J., Naletto, G., Niclas, M., Marpaud, J., Mauri, N., da Silva, R., Passalacqua, F., Paterson, K., Patrizii, L., Risso, I., Solheim, B. G. B., Scodeggio, M., Stassi, P., Steinwagner, J., Tenti, M., Testera, G., Travaglini, R., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tubio, O., Valieri, C., Vescovi, C., Ventura, S., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Amiaux, J., Andreon, S., Aussel, H., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Basset, A., Bonchi, A., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Chabaud, P. -Y., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Cuby, J. -G., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Fabricius, M., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Faustini, F., Fosalba, P., Fotopoulou, S., Fourmanoit, N., Frailis, M., Franzetti, P., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Granett, B. R., Grazian, A., Guzzo, L., Hailey, M., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoar, J., Hoekstra, H., Hook, I., Hudelot, P., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lahav, O., Lindholm, V., Alvarez, J. Lorenzo, Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martignac, J., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Masters, D. C., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Nakajima, R., Nichol, R. C., Niemi, S. -M., Nutma, T., Paech, K., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Peacock, J. A., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Refregier, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, E., Rottgering, H. J. A., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sauvage, M., Scaramella, R., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Serrano, S., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Vibert, D., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zerbi, F. M., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Appleton, P. N., Baccigalupi, C., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Casenove, P., Crocce, M., De Lucia, G., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Fabbian, G., Finelli, F., George, K., Gracia-Carpio, J., Ilić, S., Liebing, P., Liu, C., Mainetti, G., Marcin, S., Martinelli, M., Morris, P. W., Neissner, C., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Porciani, C., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Sefusatti, E., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Aubourg, E., Ballardini, M., Bertacca, D., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Calderone, G., Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Charles, Y., Chary, R., Colbert, J., Contarini, S., Contini, T., Cooray, A. R., Costanzi, M., Cucciati, O., De Caro, B., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Gozaliasl, G., Gregorio, A., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hemmati, S., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Hosseini, S., Huertas-Company, M., Ilbert, O., Jacobson, J., Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Lacasa, F., Brun, V. Le, Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Libet, G., Liu, S. J., Loureiro, A., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., McPartland, C. J. R., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Miluzio, M., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Nadathur, S., Nicastro, L., Walton, Nicholas A., Odier, J., Oguri, M., Popa, V., Potter, D., Pourtsidou, A., Rocci, P. -F., Rollins, R. P., Rusholme, B., Sahlén, M., Sánchez, A. G., Scarlata, C., Schaye, J., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sereno, M., Shankar, F., Shulevski, A., Sikkema, G., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Stanford, S. A., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tucci, M., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Vernizzi, F., Verza, G., Vielzeuf, P., Weaver, J. R., Zalesky, L., Zinchenko, I. A., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Bennett, C. L., Bouvard, T., Caro, F., Conseil, S., Dimauro, P., Duc, P. -A., Fang, Y., Ferguson, A. M. N., Gasparetto, T., Kova{č}ić, I., Kruk, S., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Liaudat, T. I., Montoro, A., Mora, A., Murray, C., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Radovich, M., Sarpa, E., Tommasi, E., Viitanen, A., Lesgourgues, J., Levi, M. E., and Martín-Fleitas, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) on board the Euclid satellite provides multiband photometry and R>=450 slitless grism spectroscopy in the 950-2020nm wavelength range. In this reference article we illuminate the background of NISP's functional and calibration requirements, describe the instrument's integral components, and provide all its key properties. We also sketch the processes needed to understand how NISP operates and is calibrated, and its technical potentials and limitations. Links to articles providing more details and technical background are included. NISP's 16 HAWAII-2RG (H2RG) detectors with a plate scale of 0.3" pix^-1 deliver a field-of-view of 0.57deg^2. In photo mode, NISP reaches a limiting magnitude of ~24.5AB mag in three photometric exposures of about 100s exposure time, for point sources and with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 5. For spectroscopy, NISP's point-source sensitivity is a SNR = 3.5 detection of an emission line with flux ~2x10^-16erg/s/cm^2 integrated over two resolution elements of 13.4A, in 3x560s grism exposures at 1.6 mu (redshifted Ha). Our calibration includes on-ground and in-flight characterisation and monitoring of detector baseline, dark current, non-linearity, and sensitivity, to guarantee a relative photometric accuracy of better than 1.5%, and relative spectrophotometry to better than 0.7%. The wavelength calibration must be better than 5A. NISP is the state-of-the-art instrument in the NIR for all science beyond small areas available from HST and JWST - and an enormous advance due to its combination of field size and high throughput of telescope and instrument. During Euclid's 6-year survey covering 14000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky, NISP will be the backbone for determining distances of more than a billion galaxies. Its NIR data will become a rich reference imaging and spectroscopy data set for the coming decades., Comment: Paper submitted as part of the A&A special issue 'Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations
Published: 2024

26. Euclid. I. Overview of the Euclid mission

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Mellier, Y., Abdurro'uf, Barroso, J. A. Acevedo, Achúcarro, A., Adamek, J., Adam, R., Addison, G. E., Aghanim, N., Aguena, M., Ajani, V., Akrami, Y., Al-Bahlawan, A., Alavi, A., Albuquerque, I. S., Alestas, G., Alguero, G., Allaoui, A., Allen, S. W., Allevato, V., Alonso-Tetilla, A. V., Altieri, B., Alvarez-Candal, A., Alvi, S., Amara, A., Amendola, L., Amiaux, J., Andika, I. T., Andreon, S., Andrews, A., Angora, G., Angulo, R. E., Annibali, F., Anselmi, A., Anselmi, S., Arcari, S., Archidiacono, M., Aricò, G., Arnaud, M., Arnouts, S., Asgari, M., Asorey, J., Atayde, L., Atek, H., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aubert, M., Aubourg, E., Auphan, T., Auricchio, N., Aussel, B., Aussel, H., Avelino, P. P., Avgoustidis, A., Avila, S., Awan, S., Azzollini, R., Baccigalupi, C., Bachelet, E., Bacon, D., Baes, M., Bagley, M. B., Bahr-Kalus, B., Balaguera-Antolinez, A., Balbinot, E., Balcells, M., Baldi, M., Baldry, I., Balestra, A., Ballardini, M., Ballester, O., Balogh, M., Bañados, E., Barbier, R., Bardelli, S., Baron, M., Barreiro, T., Barrena, R., Barriere, J. -C., Barros, B. J., Barthelemy, A., Bartolo, N., Basset, A., Battaglia, P., Battisti, A. J., Baugh, C. M., Baumont, L., Bazzanini, L., Beaulieu, J. -P., Beckmann, V., Belikov, A. N., Bel, J., Bellagamba, F., Bella, M., Bellini, E., Benabed, K., Bender, R., Benevento, G., Bennett, C. L., Benson, K., Bergamini, P., Bermejo-Climent, J. R., Bernardeau, F., Bertacca, D., Berthe, M., Berthier, J., Bethermin, M., Beutler, F., Bevillon, C., Bhargava, S., Bhatawdekar, R., Bianchi, D., Bisigello, L., Biviano, A., Blake, R. P., Blanchard, A., Blazek, J., Blot, L., Bosco, A., Bodendorf, C., Boenke, T., Böhringer, H., Boldrini, P., Bolzonella, M., Bonchi, A., Bonici, M., Bonino, D., Bonino, L., Bonvin, C., Bon, W., Booth, J. T., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Borsato, E., Bose, B., Botticella, M. T., Boucaud, A., Bouche, F., Boucher, J. S., Boutigny, D., Bouvard, T., Bouwens, R., Bouy, H., Bowler, R. A. A., Bozza, V., Bozzo, E., Branchini, E., Brando, G., Brau-Nogue, S., Brekke, P., Bremer, M. N., Brescia, M., Breton, M. -A., Brinchmann, J., Brinckmann, T., Brockley-Blatt, C., Brodwin, M., Brouard, L., Brown, M. L., Bruton, S., Bucko, J., Buddelmeijer, H., Buenadicha, G., Buitrago, F., Burger, P., Burigana, C., Busillo, V., Busonero, D., Cabanac, R., Cabayol-Garcia, L., Cagliari, M. S., Caillat, A., Caillat, L., Calabrese, M., Calabro, A., Calderone, G., Calura, F., Quevedo, B. Camacho, Camera, S., Campos, L., Canas-Herrera, G., Candini, G. P., Cantiello, M., Capobianco, V., Cappellaro, E., Cappelluti, N., Cappi, A., Caputi, K. I., Cara, C., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carella, E., Carlberg, R. G., Carle, M., Carminati, L., Caro, F., Carrasco, J. M., Carretero, J., Carrilho, P., Duque, J. Carron, Carry, B., Carvalho, A., Carvalho, C. S., Casas, R., Casas, S., Casenove, P., Casey, C. M., Cassata, P., Castander, F. J., Castelao, D., Castellano, M., Castiblanco, L., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Cavet, C., Cavuoti, S., Chabaud, P. -Y., Chambers, K. C., Charles, Y., Charlot, S., Chartab, N., Chary, R., Chaumeil, F., Cho, H., Chon, G., Ciancetta, E., Ciliegi, P., Cimatti, A., Cimino, M., Cioni, M. -R. L., Claydon, R., Cleland, C., Clément, B., Clements, D. L., Clerc, N., Clesse, S., Codis, S., Cogato, F., Colbert, J., Cole, R. E., Coles, P., Collett, T. E., Collins, R. S., Colodro-Conde, C., Colombo, C., Combes, F., Conforti, V., Congedo, G., Conseil, S., Conselice, C. J., Contarini, S., Contini, T., Conversi, L., Cooray, A. R., Copin, Y., Corasaniti, P. -S., Corcho-Caballero, P., Corcione, L., Cordes, O., Corpace, O., Correnti, M., Costanzi, M., Costille, A., Courbin, F., Mifsud, L. Courcoult, Courtois, H. M., Cousinou, M. -C., Covone, G., Cowell, T., Cragg, C., Cresci, G., Cristiani, S., Crocce, M., Cropper, M., Crouzet, P. E, Csizi, B., Cuby, J. -G., Cucchetti, E., Cucciati, O., Cuillandre, J. -C., Cunha, P. A. C., Cuozzo, V., Daddi, E., D'Addona, M., Dafonte, C., Dagoneau, N., Dalessandro, E., Dalton, G. B., D'Amico, G., Dannerbauer, H., Danto, P., Das, I., Da Silva, A., da Silva, R., Doumerg, W. d'Assignies, Daste, G., Davies, J. E., Davini, S., Dayal, P., de Boer, T., Decarli, R., De Caro, B., Degaudenzi, H., Degni, G., de Jong, J. T. A., de la Bella, L. F., de la Torre, S., Delhaise, F., Delley, D., Delucchi, G., De Lucia, G., Denniston, J., De Paolis, F., De Petris, M., Derosa, A., Desai, S., Desjacques, V., Despali, G., Desprez, G., De Vicente-Albendea, J., Deville, Y., Dias, J. D. F., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Diego, J. M., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dimauro, P., Dinis, J., Dolag, K., Dolding, C., Dole, H., Sánchez, H. Domínguez, Doré, O., Dournac, F., Douspis, M., Dreihahn, H., Droge, B., Dryer, B., Dubath, F., Duc, P. -A., Ducret, F., Duffy, C., Dufresne, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Duret, V., Durrer, R., Durret, F., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Eggemeier, A., Eisenhardt, P. R. M., Elbaz, D., Elkhashab, M. Y., Ellien, A., Endicott, J., Enia, A., Erben, T., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Escoffier, S., Sanz, I. Escudero, Essert, J., Ettori, S., Ezziati, M., Fabbian, G., Fabricius, M., Fang, Y., Farina, A., Farina, M., Farinelli, R., Farrens, S., Faustini, F., Feltre, A., Ferguson, A. M. N., Ferrando, P., Ferrari, A. G., Ferré-Mateu, A., Ferreira, P. G., Ferreras, I., Ferrero, I., Ferriol, S., Ferruit, P., Filleul, D., Finelli, F., Finkelstein, S. L., Finoguenov, A., Fiorini, B., Flentge, F., Focardi, P., Fonseca, J., Fontana, A., Fontanot, F., Fornari, F., Fosalba, P., Fossati, M., Fotopoulou, S., Fouchez, D., Fourmanoit, N., Frailis, M., Fraix-Burnet, D., Franceschi, E., Franco, A., Franzetti, P., Freihoefer, J., Frenk, C. . S., Frittoli, G., Frugier, P. -A., Frusciante, N., Fumagalli, A., Fumagalli, M., Fumana, M., Fu, Y., Gabarra, L., Galeotta, S., Galluccio, L., Ganga, K., Gao, H., García-Bellido, J., Garcia, K., Gardner, J. P., Garilli, B., Gaspar-Venancio, L. -M., Gasparetto, T., Gautard, V., Gavazzi, R., Gaztanaga, E., Genolet, L., Santos, R. Genova, Gentile, F., George, K., Gerbino, M., Ghaffari, Z., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gibb, G. P. S., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Ginolfi, M., Giocoli, C., Girardi, M., Giri, S. K., Goh, L. W. K., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Gonzalez-Perez, V., Gonzalez, A. H., Gonzalez, E. J., Gonzalez, J. C., Beauchamps, S. Gouyou, Gozaliasl, G., Gracia-Carpio, J., Grandis, S., Granett, B. R., Granvik, M., Grazian, A., Gregorio, A., Grenet, C., Grillo, C., Grupp, F., Gruppioni, C., Gruppuso, A., Guerbuez, C., Guerrini, S., Guidi, M., Guillard, P., Gutierrez, C. M., Guttridge, P., Guzzo, L., Gwyn, S., Haapala, J., Haase, J., Haddow, C. R., Hailey, M., Hall, A., Hall, D., Hamaus, N., Haridasu, B. S., Harnois-Déraps, J., Harper, C., Hartley, W. G., Hasinger, G., Hassani, F., Hatch, N. A., Haugan, S. V. H., Häußler, B., Heavens, A., Heisenberg, L., Helmi, A., Helou, G., Hemmati, S., Henares, K., Herent, O., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Heuberger, T., Hewett, P. C., Heydenreich, S., Hildebrandt, H., Hirschmann, M., Hjorth, J., Hoar, J., Hoekstra, H., Holland, A. D., Holliman, M. S., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Horeau, B., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hosseini, S., Hu, D., Hudelot, P., Hudson, M. J., Huertas-Company, M., Huff, E. M., Hughes, A. C. N., Humphrey, A., Hunt, L. K., Huynh, D. D., Ibata, R., Ichikawa, K., Iglesias-Groth, S., Ilbert, O., Ilić, S., Ingoglia, L., Iodice, E., Israel, H., Israelsson, U. E., Izzo, L., Jablonka, P., Jackson, N., Jacobson, J., Jafariyazani, M., Jahnke, K., Jain, B., Jansen, H., Jarvis, M. J., Jasche, J., Jauzac, M., Jeffrey, N., Jhabvala, M., Jimenez-Teja, Y., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Joachimi, B., Johansson, P. H., Joudaki, S., Jullo, E., Kajava, J. J. E., Kang, Y., Kannawadi, A., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kärcher, M., Kashlinsky, A., Kazandjian, M. V., Keck, F., Keihänen, E., Kerins, E., Kermiche, S., Khalil, A., Kiessling, A., Kiiveri, K., Kilbinger, M., Kim, J., King, R., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Kitching, T., Kluge, M., Knabenhans, M., Knapen, J. H., Knebe, A., Kneib, J. -P., Kohley, R., Koopmans, L. V. E., Koskinen, H., Koulouridis, E., Kou, R., Kovács, A., Kovačić, I., Kowalczyk, A., Koyama, K., Kraljic, K., Krause, O., Kruk, S., Kubik, B., Kuchner, U., Kuijken, K., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lacasa, F., Lacey, C. G., La Franca, F., Lagarde, N., Lahav, O., Laigle, C., La Marca, A., La Marle, O., Lamine, B., Lam, M. C., Lançon, A., Landt, H., Langer, M., Lapi, A., Larcheveque, C., Larsen, S. S., Lattanzi, M., Laudisio, F., Laugier, D., Laureijs, R., Laurent, V., Lavaux, G., Lawrenson, A., Lazanu, A., Lazeyras, T., Boulc'h, Q. Le, Brun, A. M. C. Le, Brun, V. Le, Leclercq, F., Lee, S., Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Leirvik, K. N., Jeune, M. Le, Lembo, M., Mignant, D. Le, Lepinzan, M. D., Lepori, F., Reun, A. Le, Leroy, G., Lesci, G. F., Lesgourgues, J., Leuzzi, L., Levi, M. E., Liaudat, T. I., Libet, G., Liebing, P., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lin, C. -C., Linde, D., Linder, E., Lindholm, V., Linke, L., Li, S. -S., Liu, S. J., Lloro, I., Lobo, F. S. N., Lodieu, N., Lombardi, M., Lombriser, L., Lonare, P., Longo, G., López-Caniego, M., Lopez, X. Lopez, Alvarez, J. Lorenzo, Loureiro, A., Loveday, J., Lusso, E., Macias-Perez, J., Maciaszek, T., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Magnard, F., Magnier, E. A., Magro, A., Mahler, G., Mainetti, G., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Malavasi, N., Mamon, G. A., Mancini, C., Mandelbaum, R., Manera, M., Manjón-García, A., Mannucci, F., Mansutti, O., Outeiro, M. Manteiga, Maoli, R., Maraston, C., Marcin, S., Marcos-Arenal, P., Margalef-Bentabol, B., Marggraf, O., Marinucci, D., Marinucci, M., Markovic, K., Marleau, F. R., Marpaud, J., Martignac, J., Martín-Fleitas, J., Martin-Moruno, P., Martin, E. L., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Martin, H., Martins, C. J. A. P., Marulli, F., Massari, D., Massey, R., Masters, D. C., Matarrese, S., Matsuoka, Y., Matthew, S., Maughan, B. J., Mauri, N., Maurin, L., Maurogordato, S., McCarthy, K., McConnachie, A. W., McCracken, H. J., McDonald, I., McEwen, J. D., McPartland, C. J. R., Medinaceli, E., Mehta, V., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Melin, J. -B., Ménard, B., Mendes, J., Mendez-Abreu, J., Meneghetti, M., Mercurio, A., Merlin, E., Metcalf, R. B., Meylan, G., Migliaccio, M., Mignoli, M., Miller, L., Miluzio, M., Milvang-Jensen, B., Mimoso, J. P., Miquel, R., Miyatake, H., Mobasher, B., Mohr, J. J., Monaco, P., Monguió, M., Montoro, A., Mora, A., Dizgah, A. Moradinezhad, Moresco, M., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Morisset, N., Moriya, T. J., Morris, P. W., Mortlock, D. J., Moscardini, L., Mota, D. F., Mottet, S., Moustakas, L. A., Moutard, T., Müller, T., Munari, E., Murphree, G., Murray, C., Murray, N., Musi, P., Nadathur, S., Nagam, B. C., Nagao, T., Naidoo, K., Nakajima, R., Nally, C., Natoli, P., Navarro-Alsina, A., Girones, D. Navarro, Neissner, C., Nersesian, A., Nesseris, S., Nguyen-Kim, H. N., Nicastro, L., Nichol, R. C., Nielbock, M., Niemi, S. -M., Nieto, S., Nilsson, K., Noller, J., Norberg, P., Nouri-Zonoz, A., Ntelis, P., Nucita, A. A., Nugent, P., Nunes, N. J., Nutma, T., Ocampo, I., Odier, J., Oesch, P. A., Oguri, M., Oliveira, D. Magalhaes, Onoue, M., Oosterbroek, T., Oppizzi, F., Ordenovic, C., Osato, K., Pacaud, F., Pace, F., Padilla, C., Paech, K., Pagano, L., Page, M. J., Palazzi, E., Paltani, S., Pamuk, S., Pandolfi, S., Paoletti, D., Paolillo, M., Papaderos, P., Pardede, K., Parimbelli, G., Parmar, A., Partmann, C., Pasian, F., Passalacqua, F., Paterson, K., Patrizii, L., Pattison, C., Paulino-Afonso, A., Paviot, R., Peacock, J. A., Pearce, F. R., Pedersen, K., Peel, A., Peletier, R. F., Ibanez, M. Pellejero, Pello, R., Penny, M. T., Percival, W. J., Perez-Garrido, A., Perotto, L., Pettorino, V., Pezzotta, A., Pezzuto, S., Philippon, A., Pierre, M., Piersanti, O., Pietroni, M., Piga, L., Pilo, L., Pires, S., Pisani, A., Pizzella, A., Pizzuti, L., Plana, C., Polenta, G., Pollack, J. E., Poncet, M., Pöntinen, M., Pool, P., Popa, L. A., Popa, V., Popp, J., Porciani, C., Porth, L., Potter, D., Poulain, M., Pourtsidou, A., Pozzetti, L., Prandoni, I., Pratt, G. W., Prezelus, S., Prieto, E., Pugno, A., Quai, S., Quilley, L., Racca, G. D., Raccanelli, A., Rácz, G., Radinović, S., Radovich, M., Ragagnin, A., Ragnit, U., Raison, F., Ramos-Chernenko, N., Ranc, C., Rasera, Y., Raylet, N., Rebolo, R., Refregier, A., Reimberg, P., Reiprich, T. H., Renk, F., Renzi, A., Retre, J., Revaz, Y., Reylé, C., Reynolds, L., Rhodes, J., Ricci, F., Ricci, M., Riccio, G., Ricken, S. O., Rissanen, S., Risso, I., Rix, H. -W., Robin, A. C., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rocci, P. -F., Rodenhuis, M., Rodighiero, G., Monroy, M. Rodriguez, Rollins, R. P., Romanello, M., Roman, J., Romelli, E., Romero-Gomez, M., Roncarelli, M., Rosati, P., Rosset, C., Rossetti, E., Roster, W., Rottgering, H. J. A., Rozas-Fernández, A., Ruane, K., Rubino-Martin, J. A., Rudolph, A., Ruppin, F., Rusholme, B., Sacquegna, S., Sáez-Casares, I., Saga, S., Saglia, R., Sahlén, M., Saifollahi, T., Sakr, Z., Salvalaggio, J., Salvaterra, R., Salvati, L., Salvato, M., Salvignol, J. -C., Sánchez, A. G., Sanchez, E., Sanders, D. B., Sapone, D., Saponara, M., Sarpa, E., Sarron, F., Sartori, S., Sartoris, B., Sassolas, B., Sauniere, L., Sauvage, M., Sawicki, M., Scaramella, R., Scarlata, C., Scharré, L., Schaye, J., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schindler, J. -T., Schinnerer, E., Schirmer, M., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, M., Schneider, A., Schneider, M., Schneider, P., Schöneberg, N., Schrabback, T., Schultheis, M., Schulz, S., Schuster, N., Schwartz, J., Sciotti, D., Scodeggio, M., Scognamiglio, D., Scott, D., Scottez, V., Secroun, A., Sefusatti, E., Seidel, G., Seiffert, M., Sellentin, E., Selwood, M., Semboloni, E., Sereno, M., Serjeant, S., Serrano, S., Setnikar, G., Shankar, F., Sharples, R. M., Short, A., Shulevski, A., Shuntov, M., Sias, M., Sikkema, G., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Skottfelt, J., Slezak, E., Sluse, D., Smith, G. P., Smith, L. C., Smith, R. E., Smit, S. J. A., Soldano, F., Solheim, B. G. B., Sorce, J. G., Sorrenti, F., Soubrie, E., Spinoglio, L., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Stagnaro, L., Stanco, L., Stanford, S. A., Starck, J. -L., Stassi, P., Steinwagner, J., Stern, D., Stone, C., Strada, P., Strafella, F., Stramaccioni, D., Surace, C., Sureau, F., Suyu, S. H., Swindells, I., Szafraniec, M., Szapudi, I., Taamoli, S., Talia, M., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tarrío, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. L., Teixeira, E. M., Tenti, M., Idiago, P. Teodoro, Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Tessore, N., Testa, V., Testera, G., Tewes, M., Teyssier, R., Theret, N., Thizy, C., Thomas, P. D., Toba, Y., Toft, S., Toledo-Moreo, R., Tolstoy, E., Tommasi, E., Torbaniuk, O., Torradeflot, F., Tortora, C., Tosi, S., Tosti, S., Trifoglio, M., Troja, A., Trombetti, T., Tronconi, A., Tsedrik, M., Tsyganov, A., Tucci, M., Tutusaus, I., Uhlemann, C., Ulivi, L., Urbano, M., Vacher, L., Vaillon, L., Valageas, P., Valdes, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Broeck, M. Van den, Vassallo, T., Vavrek, R., Vega-Ferrero, J., Venemans, B., Venhola, A., Ventura, S., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Vergani, D., Verma, A., Vernizzi, F., Veropalumbo, A., Verza, G., Vescovi, C., Vibert, D., Viel, M., Vielzeuf, P., Viglione, C., Viitanen, A., Villaescusa-Navarro, F., Vinciguerra, S., Visticot, F., Voggel, K., von Wietersheim-Kramsta, M., Vriend, W. J., Wachter, S., Walmsley, M., Walth, G., Walton, D. M., Walton, N. A., Wander, M., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Weaver, J. R., Weller, J., Wetzstein, M., Whalen, D. J., Whittam, I. H., Widmer, A., Wiesmann, M., Wilde, J., Williams, O. R., Winther, H. -A., Wittje, A., Wong, J. H. W., Wright, A. H., Yankelevich, V., Yeung, H. W., Yoon, M., Youles, S., Yung, L. Y. A., Zacchei, A., Zalesky, L., Zamorani, G., Vitorelli, A. Zamorano, Marc, M. Zanoni, Zennaro, M., Zerbi, F. M., Zinchenko, I. A., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., and Zumalacarregui, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The current standard model of cosmology successfully describes a variety of measurements, but the nature of its main ingredients, dark matter and dark energy, remains unknown. Euclid is a medium-class mission in the Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 programme of the European Space Agency (ESA) that will provide high-resolution optical imaging, as well as near-infrared imaging and spectroscopy, over about 14,000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky. In addition to accurate weak lensing and clustering measurements that probe structure formation over half of the age of the Universe, its primary probes for cosmology, these exquisite data will enable a wide range of science. This paper provides a high-level overview of the mission, summarising the survey characteristics, the various data-processing steps, and data products. We also highlight the main science objectives and expected performance., Comment: Accepted for publication in the A&A special issue`Euclid on Sky'
Published: 2024

27. Euclid. II. The VIS Instrument

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Cropper, M., Al-Bahlawan, A., Amiaux, J., Awan, S., Azzollini, R., Benson, K., Berthe, M., Boucher, J., Bozzo, E., Brockley-Blatt, C., Candini, G. P., Cara, C., Chaudery, R. A., Cole, R. E., Danto, P., Denniston, J., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dryer, B., Endicott, J., Dubois, J. -P., Farina, M., Galli, E., Genolet, L., Gow, J. P. D., Guttridge, P., Hailey, M., Hall, D., Harper, C., Holland, A. D., Horeau, B., Hu, D., King, R., James, R. E., Larcheveque, C., Khalil, A., Lawrenson, A., Liebing, P., Martignac, J., McCracken, H. J., Murray, N., Nakajima, R., Niemi, S. -M., Pendem, A., Paltani, S., Philippon, A., Pool, P., Plana, C., Pottinger, S., Racca, G. D., Rousseau, A., Ruane, K., Salatti, M., Salvignol, J. -C., Sciortino, A., Short, Alexander, Liu, S. J., Skottfelt, J., Swindells, I., Smit, S. J. A., Szafraniec, M., Thomas, P. D., Thomas, W., Tommasi, E., Winter, B., Tosti, S., Visticot, F., Walton, D. M., Willis, G., Mora, A., Kohley, R., Massey, R., Nightingale, J. W., Kitching, T., Hoekstra, H., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Aussel, H., Baldi, M., Balestra, A., Bardelli, S., Basset, A., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Boenke, T., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, R., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cuby, J. -G., Cuillandre, J. -C., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Dinis, J., Dolding, C., Douspis, M., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Fabricius, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Franzetti, P., Frugier, P. -A., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Granett, B. R., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Herent, O., Hoar, J., Holliman, M. S., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kuijken, K., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lahav, O., Laureijs, R., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Alvarez, J. Lorenzo, Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Masters, D. C., Maurogordato, S., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Miller, L., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Nichol, R. C., Nutma, T., Padilla, C., Paech, K., Pasian, F., Peacock, J. A., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Refregier, A., Renzi, A., Riccio, G., Rix, Hans-Walter, Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, E., Rottgering, H. J. A., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sauvage, M., Scaramella, R., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Starck, J. -L., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Wachter, S., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Baccigalupi, C., Bernardeau, F., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Casenove, P., Colodro-Conde, C., Crocce, M., De Lucia, G., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Fabbian, G., Farinelli, R., Finelli, F., George, K., Gracia-Carpio, J., Ilić, S., Israel, H., Mainetti, G., Marcin, S., Martinelli, M., Mauri, N., Neissner, C., Nguyen-Kim, H. N., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Porciani, C., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Sefusatti, E., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Aubourg, E., Ballardini, M., Bertacca, D., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Calderone, G., Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Chary, R., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Cordes, O., Costanzi, M., Cucciati, O., Davini, S., De Caro, B., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gregorio, A., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Huertas-Company, M., Ilbert, O., Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Lacasa, F., Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Libet, G., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., McPartland, C. J. R., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Miluzio, M., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Odier, J., Oguri, M., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Pourtsidou, A., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Rollins, R. P., Rusholme, B., Sahlén, M., Sánchez, A. G., Scarlata, C., Schaye, J., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sereno, M., Shankar, F., Sikkema, G., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Stanford, S. A., Steinwagner, J., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Testera, G., Tewes, M., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Vernizzi, F., Verza, G., Vielzeuf, P., Weaver, J. R., Zalesky, L., Zinchenko, I. A., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Bouvard, T., Caro, F., Dimauro, P., Duc, P. -A., Fang, Y., Ferguson, A. M. N., Gasparetto, T., Gutierrez, C. M., Kova{č}ić, I., Kruk, S., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Liaudat, T. I., Montoro, A., Murray, C., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Sarpa, E., Viitanen, A., Lesgourgues, J., and Martín-Fleitas, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: This paper presents the specification, design, and development of the Visible Camera (VIS) on the ESA Euclid mission. VIS is a large optical-band imager with a field of view of 0.54 deg^2 sampled at 0.1" with an array of 609 Megapixels and spatial resolution of 0.18". It will be used to survey approximately 14,000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky to measure the distortion of galaxies in the redshift range z=0.1-1.5 resulting from weak gravitational lensing, one of the two principal cosmology probes of Euclid. With photometric redshifts, the distribution of dark matter can be mapped in three dimensions, and, from how this has changed with look-back time, the nature of dark energy and theories of gravity can be constrained. The entire VIS focal plane will be transmitted to provide the largest images of the Universe from space to date, reaching m_AB>24.5 with S/N >10 in a single broad I_E~(r+i+z) band over a six year survey. The particularly challenging aspects of the instrument are the control and calibration of observational biases, which lead to stringent performance requirements and calibration regimes. With its combination of spatial resolution, calibration knowledge, depth, and area covering most of the extra-Galactic sky, VIS will also provide a legacy data set for many other fields. This paper discusses the rationale behind the VIS concept and describes the instrument design and development before reporting the pre-launch performance derived from ground calibrations and brief results from the in-orbit commissioning. VIS should reach fainter than m_AB=25 with S/N>10 for galaxies of full-width half-maximum of 0.3" in a 1.3" diameter aperture over the Wide Survey, and m_AB>26.4 for a Deep Survey that will cover more than 50 deg^2. The paper also describes how VIS works with the other Euclid components of survey, telescope, and science data processing to extract the cosmological information., Comment: Paper submitted as part of the A&A special issue `Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations
Published: 2024

28. Constraining possible $\gamma$-ray burst emission from GW230529 using Swift-BAT and Fermi-GBM

Author: Ronchini, Samuele, Bala, Suman, Wood, Joshua, Delaunay, James, Dichiara, Simone, Kennea, Jamie A., Parsotan, Tyler, Raman, Gayathri, Tohuvavohu, Aaron, Adhikari, Naresh, Bhat, Narayana P., Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Bissaldi, Elisabetta, Burns, Eric, Campana, Sergio, Chandra, Koustav, Cleveland, William H., Dalessi, Sarah, De Pasquale, Massimiliano, García-Bellido, Juan, Gasbarra, Claudio, Giles, Misty M., Gupta, Ish, Hartmann, Dieter, Hristov, Boyan A., Hui, Michelle C., Kashyap, Rahul, Kocevski, Daniel, Mailyan, Bagrat, Malacaria, Christian, Nakano, Hiroyuki, Principe, Giacomo, Roberts, Oliver J., Sathyaprakash, Bangalore, Shao, Lijing, Troja, Eleonora, Veres, Péter, and Wilson-Hodge, Colleen A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: GW230529 is the first compact binary coalescence detected by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration with at least one component mass confidently in the lower mass-gap, corresponding to the range 3-5$M_{\odot}$. If interpreted as a neutron star-black hole merger, this event has the most symmetric mass ratio detected so far and therefore has a relatively high probability of producing electromagnetic (EM) emission. However, no EM counterpart has been reported. At the merger time $t_0$, Swift-BAT and Fermi-GBM together covered 100$\%$ of the sky. Performing a targeted search in a time window $[t_0-20 \text{s},t_0+20 \text{s}]$, we report no detection by the Swift-BAT and the Fermi-GBM instruments. Combining the position-dependent $\gamma-$ray flux upper limits and the gravitational-wave posterior distribution of luminosity distance, sky localization and inclination angle of the binary, we derive constraints on the characteristic luminosity and structure of the jet possibly launched during the merger. Assuming a top-hat jet structure, we exclude at 90$\%$ credibility the presence of a jet which has at the same time an on-axis isotropic luminosity $\gtrsim 10^{48}$ erg s$^{-1}$, in the bolometric band 1 keV-10 MeV, and a jet opening angle $\gtrsim 15$ deg. Similar constraints are derived testing other assumptions about the jet structure profile. Excluding GRB 170817A, the luminosity upper limits derived here are below the luminosity of any GRB observed so far., Comment: 18 pages, 1 table, 11 figures
Published: 2024

29. Euclid preparation. Sensitivity to neutrino parameters

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Archidiacono, M., Lesgourgues, J., Casas, S., Pamuk, S., Schöneberg, N., Sakr, Z., Parimbelli, G., Schneider, A., Peters, F. Hervas, Pace, F., Sabarish, V. M., Costanzi, M., Camera, S., Carbone, C., Clesse, S., Frusciante, N., Fumagalli, A., Monaco, P., Scott, D., Viel, M., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Capobianco, V., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoekstra, H., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Jahnke, K., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kubik, B., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Scaramella, R., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Colodro-Conde, C., Crocce, M., Fabbian, G., Graciá-Carpio, J., Mainetti, G., Martinelli, M., Mauri, N., Neissner, C., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Anselmi, S., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Bernardeau, F., Bertacca, D., Borgani, S., Borsato, E., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Cañas-Herrera, G., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Coupon, J., Davini, S., de la Torre, S., De Lucia, G., Desprez, G., Di Domizio, S., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Escoffier, S., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gregorio, A., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Ilić, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Sánchez, A. G., Sefusatti, E., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Steinwagner, J., Testera, G., Tewes, M., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., and Vielzeuf, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Euclid mission of the European Space Agency will deliver weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clustering surveys that can be used to constrain the standard cosmological model and extensions thereof. We present forecasts from the combination of these surveys on the sensitivity to cosmological parameters including the summed neutrino mass $M_\nu$ and the effective number of relativistic species $N_{\rm eff}$ in the standard $\Lambda$CDM scenario and in a scenario with dynamical dark energy ($w_0 w_a$CDM). We compare the accuracy of different algorithms predicting the nonlinear matter power spectrum for such models. We then validate several pipelines for Fisher matrix and MCMC forecasts, using different theory codes, algorithms for numerical derivatives, and assumptions concerning the non-linear cut-off scale. The Euclid primary probes alone will reach a sensitivity of $\sigma(M_\nu)=$56meV in the $\Lambda$CDM+$M_\nu$ model, whereas the combination with CMB data from Planck is expected to achieve $\sigma(M_\nu)=$23meV and raise the evidence for a non-zero neutrino mass to at least the $2.6\sigma$ level. This can be pushed to a $4\sigma$ detection if future CMB data from LiteBIRD and CMB Stage-IV are included. In combination with Planck, Euclid will also deliver tight constraints on $\Delta N_{\rm eff}< 0.144$ (95%CL) in the $\Lambda$CDM+$M_\nu$+$N_{\rm eff}$ model, or $\Delta N_{\rm eff}< 0.063$ when future CMB data are included. When floating $(w_0, w_a)$, we find that the sensitivity to $N_{\rm eff}$ remains stable, while that to $M_\nu$ degrades at most by a factor 2. This work illustrates the complementarity between the Euclid spectroscopic and imaging/photometric surveys and between Euclid and CMB constraints. Euclid will have a great potential for measuring the neutrino mass and excluding well-motivated scenarios with additional relativistic particles., Comment: 48 pages, 33 figures
Published: 2024

30. Euclid preparation. LIII. LensMC, weak lensing cosmic shear measurement with forward modelling and Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Congedo, G., Miller, L., Taylor, A. N., Cross, N., Duncan, C. A. J., Kitching, T., Martinet, N., Matthew, S., Schrabback, T., Tewes, M., Welikala, N., Aghanim, N., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Holliman, M. S., Holmes, W., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kuijken, K., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Morin, B., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schneider, P., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Colodro-Conde, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Graciá-Carpio, J., Mauri, N., Neissner, C., Nucita, A. A., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Cañas-Herrera, G., Chambers, K. C., Cooray, A. R., Coupon, J., Davini, S., De Lucia, G., Desprez, G., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Escoffier, S., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Gabarra, L., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Guinet, D., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Ilić, S., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Maoli, R., Martinelli, M., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maturi, M., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Monaco, P., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Patrizii, L., Peel, A., Pezzotta, A., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Pöntinen, M., Reimberg, P., Rocci, P. -F., Sánchez, A. G., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schneider, A., Sefusatti, E., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Steinwagner, J., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., and Vergani, D.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Statistics - Computation
Abstract: LensMC is a weak lensing shear measurement method developed for Euclid and Stage-IV surveys. It is based on forward modelling in order to deal with convolution by a point spread function (PSF) with comparable size to many galaxies; sampling the posterior distribution of galaxy parameters via Markov Chain Monte Carlo; and marginalisation over nuisance parameters for each of the 1.5 billion galaxies observed by Euclid. We quantified the scientific performance through high-fidelity images based on the Euclid Flagship simulations and emulation of the Euclid VIS images; realistic clustering with a mean surface number density of 250 arcmin$^{-2}$ ($I_{\rm E}<29.5$) for galaxies, and 6 arcmin$^{-2}$ ($I_{\rm E}<26$) for stars; and a diffraction-limited chromatic PSF with a full width at half maximum of $0.^{\!\prime\prime}2$ and spatial variation across the field of view. LensMC measured objects with a density of 90 arcmin$^{-2}$ ($I_{\rm E}<26.5$) in 4500 deg$^2$. The total shear bias was broken down into measurement (our main focus here) and selection effects (which will be addressed elsewhere). We found measurement multiplicative and additive biases of $m_1=(-3.6\pm0.2)\times10^{-3}$, $m_2=(-4.3\pm0.2)\times10^{-3}$, $c_1=(-1.78\pm0.03)\times10^{-4}$, $c_2=(0.09\pm0.03)\times10^{-4}$; a large detection bias with a multiplicative component of $1.2\times10^{-2}$ and an additive component of $-3\times10^{-4}$; and a measurement PSF leakage of $\alpha_1=(-9\pm3)\times10^{-4}$ and $\alpha_2=(2\pm3)\times10^{-4}$. When model bias is suppressed, the obtained measurement biases are close to Euclid requirement and largely dominated by undetected faint galaxies ($-5\times10^{-3}$). Although significant, model bias will be straightforward to calibrate given the weak sensitivity. LensMC is publicly available at https://gitlab.com/gcongedo/LensMC, Comment: Appearing on A&A. 28 pages, 18 figures, and 2 tables
Published: 2024

31. Soft X-ray prompt emission from a high-redshift gamma-ray burst EP240315a

Author: Liu, Y., Sun, H., Xu, D., Svinkin, D. S., Delaunay, J., Tanvir, N. R., Gao, H., Zhang, C., Chen, Y., Wu, X. -F., Zhang, B., Yuan, W., An, J., Bruni, G., Frederiks, D. D., Ghirlanda, G., Hu, J. -W., Li, A., Li, C. -K., Li, J. -D., Malesani, D. B., Piro, L., Raman, G., Ricci, R., Troja, E., Vergani, S. D., Wu, Q. -Y., Yang, J., Zhang, B. -B., Zhu, Z. -P., Postigo, A. de Ugarte, Demin, A. G., Dobie, D., Fan, Z., Fu, S. -Y., Fynbo, J. P. U., Geng, J. -J., Gianfagna, G., Hu, Y. -D., Huang, Y. -F., Jiang, S. -Q., Jonker, P. G., Julakanti, Y., Kennea, J. A., Kokomov, A. A., Kuulkers, E., Lei, W. -H., Leung, J. K., Levan, A. J., Li, D. -Y., Li, Y., Littlefair, S. P., Liu, X., Lysenko, A. L., Ma, Y. -N., Martin-Carrillo, A., O'Brien, P., Parsotan, T., Quirola-Vasquez, J., Ridnaia, A. V., Ronchini, S., Rossi, A., Mata-Sanchez, D., Schneider, B., Shen, R. -F., Thakur, A. L., Tohuvavohu, A., Torres, M. A. P., Tsvetkova, A. E., Ulanov, M. V., Wei, J. -J., Xiao, D., Yin, Y. -H. I., Bai, M., Burwitz, V., Cai, Z. -M., Chen, F. -S., Chen, H. -L., Chen, T. -X., Chen, W., Chen, Y. -F., Chen, Y. -H., Cheng, H. -Q., Cui, C. -Z., Cui, W. -W., Dai, Y. -F., Dai, Z. -G., Eder, J., Fan, D. -W., Feldman, C., Feng, H., Feng, Z., Friedrich, P., Gao, X., Guan, J., Han, D. -W, Han, J., Hou, D. -J., Hu, H. -B., Hu, T., Huang, M. -H., Huo, J., Hutchinson, I., Ji, Z., Jia, S. -M., Jia, Z. -Q., Jiang, B. -W., Jin, C. -C., Jin, G., Jin, J. -J., Keereman, A., Lerman, H., Li, J. -F., Li, L. -H., Li, M. -S., Li, W., Li, Z. -D., Lian, T. -Y., Liang, E. -W., Ling, Z. -X., Liu, C. -Z., Liu, H. -Y., Liu, H. -Q., Liu, M. -J., Liu, Y. -R., Lu, F. -J., LU, H. -J., Luo, L. -D., Ma, F. L., Ma, J., Mao, J. -R., Mao, X., McHugh, M., Meidinger, N., Nandra, K., Osborne, J. P., Pan, H. -W., Pan, X., Ravasio, M. E., Rau, A., Rea, N., Rehman, U., Sanders, J., Santovincenzo, A., Song, L. -M., Su, J., Sun, L. -J., Sun, S. -L., Sun, X. -J., Tan, Y. -Y., Tang, Q. -J., Tao, Y. -H., Tong, J. -Z., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wang, L., Wang, W. -X., Wang, X. -F., Wang, X. -Y., Wang, Y. -L., Wang, Y. -S., Wei, D. -M., Willingale, R., Xiong, S. -L., Xu, H. -T., Xu, J. -J., Xu, X. -P., Xu, Y. -F., Xu, Z., Xue, C. -B., Xue, Y. -L., Yan, A. -L., Yang, F., Yang, H. -N., Yang, X. -T., Yang, Y. -J, Yu, Y. -W., Zhang, J., Zhang, M., Zhang, S. -N., Zhang, W. -D., Zhang, W. -J., Zhang, Y. -H., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Z. -L., Zhao, D. -H., Zhao, H. -S., Zhao, X. -F., Zhao, Z. -J., Zhou, L. -X., Zhou, Y. -L., Zhu, Y. -X., Zhu, Z. -C., and Zuo, X. -X.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are believed to originate from core collapse of massive stars. High-redshift GRBs can probe the star formation and reionization history of the early universe, but their detection remains rare. Here we report the detection of a GRB triggered in the 0.5--4 keV band by the Wide-field X-ray Telescope (WXT) on board the Einstein Probe (EP) mission, designated as EP240315a, whose bright peak was also detected by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope and Konus-Wind through off-line analyses. At a redshift of $z=4.859$, EP240315a showed a much longer and more complicated light curve in the soft X-ray band than in gamma-rays. Benefiting from a large field-of-view ($\sim$3600 deg$^2$) and a high sensitivity, EP-WXT captured the earlier engine activation and extended late engine activity through a continuous detection. With a peak X-ray flux at the faint end of previously known high-$z$ GRBs, the detection of EP240315a demonstrates the great potential for EP to study the early universe via GRBs., Comment: 41 pages, 8 figures, 7 tables
Published: 2024

32. Euclid preparation. Improving cosmological constraints using a new multi-tracer method with the spectroscopic and photometric samples

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Dournac, F., Blanchard, A., Ilić, S., Lamine, B., Tutusaus, I., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Aussel, H., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brau-Nogue, S., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Granett, B. R., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Schneider, P., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Seiffert, M., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Surace, C., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Colodro-Conde, C., De Lucia, G., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Farinelli, R., Gracia-Carpio, J., Mainetti, G., Martinelli, M., Mauri, N., Neissner, C., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Baccigalupi, C., Balaguera-Antolinez, A., Ballardini, M., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Coupon, J., Davini, S., De Caro, B., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Hildebrandt, H., Munoz, A. Jimenez, Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Libet, G., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Sánchez, A. G., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schneider, A., Sefusatti, E., Sereno, M., Steinwagner, J., Tessore, N., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., and Verza, G.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Future data provided by the Euclid mission will allow us to better understand the cosmic history of the Universe. A metric of its performance is the figure-of-merit (FoM) of dark energy, usually estimated with Fisher forecasts. The expected FoM has previously been estimated taking into account the two main probes of Euclid, namely the three-dimensional clustering of the spectroscopic galaxy sample, and the so-called 3x2pt signal from the photometric sample (i.e., the weak lensing signal, the galaxy clustering, and their cross-correlation). So far, these two probes have been treated as independent. In this paper, we introduce a new observable given by the ratio of the (angular) two-point correlation function of galaxies from the two surveys. For identical (normalised) selection functions, this observable is unaffected by sampling noise, and its variance is solely controlled by Poisson noise. We present forecasts for Euclid where this multi-tracer method is applied and is particularly relevant because the two surveys will cover the same area of the sky. This method allows for the exploitation of the combination of the spectroscopic and photometric samples. When the correlation between this new observable and the other probes is not taken into account, a significant gain is obtained in the FoM, as well as in the constraints on other cosmological parameters. The benefit is more pronounced for a commonly investigated modified gravity model, namely the $\gamma$ parametrisation of the growth factor. However, the correlation between the different probes is found to be significant and hence the actual gain is uncertain. We present various strategies for circumventing this issue and still extract useful information from the new observable., Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, submitted to A&A
Published: 2024
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33. Euclid preparation. XLIII. Measuring detailed galaxy morphologies for Euclid with machine learning

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Aussel, B., Kruk, S., Walmsley, M., Huertas-Company, M., Castellano, M., Conselice, C. J., Veneri, M. Delli, Sánchez, H. Domínguez, Duc, P. -A., Kuchner, U., La Marca, A., Margalef-Bentabol, B., Marleau, F. R., Stevens, G., Toba, Y., Tortora, C., Wang, L., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Franzetti, P., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Laureijs, R., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Starck, J. -L., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Colodro-Conde, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Farinelli, R., Graciá-Carpio, J., Mainetti, G., Marcin, S., Mauri, N., Neissner, C., Nucita, A. A., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Bretonnière, H., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Cañas-Herrera, G., Chambers, K. C., Coupon, J., Cucciati, O., Davini, S., De Lucia, G., Desprez, G., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Escoffier, S., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., George, K., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gregorio, A., Guinet, D., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Munoz, A. Jimenez, Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Magliocchetti, M., Maoli, R., Martinelli, M., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maturi, M., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Monaco, P., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Peel, A., Pezzotta, A., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Pöntinen, M., Reimberg, P., Rocci, P. -F., Sánchez, A. G., Schneider, A., Sefusatti, E., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stanford, S. A., Steinwagner, J., Testera, G., Tewes, M., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., and Zinchenko, I. A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The Euclid mission is expected to image millions of galaxies with high resolution, providing an extensive dataset to study galaxy evolution. We investigate the application of deep learning to predict the detailed morphologies of galaxies in Euclid using Zoobot a convolutional neural network pretrained with 450000 galaxies from the Galaxy Zoo project. We adapted Zoobot for emulated Euclid images, generated based on Hubble Space Telescope COSMOS images, and with labels provided by volunteers in the Galaxy Zoo: Hubble project. We demonstrate that the trained Zoobot model successfully measures detailed morphology for emulated Euclid images. It effectively predicts whether a galaxy has features and identifies and characterises various features such as spiral arms, clumps, bars, disks, and central bulges. When compared to volunteer classifications Zoobot achieves mean vote fraction deviations of less than 12% and an accuracy above 91% for the confident volunteer classifications across most morphology types. However, the performance varies depending on the specific morphological class. For the global classes such as disk or smooth galaxies, the mean deviations are less than 10%, with only 1000 training galaxies necessary to reach this performance. For more detailed structures and complex tasks like detecting and counting spiral arms or clumps, the deviations are slightly higher, around 12% with 60000 galaxies used for training. In order to enhance the performance on complex morphologies, we anticipate that a larger pool of labelled galaxies is needed, which could be obtained using crowdsourcing. Finally, our findings imply that the model can be effectively adapted to new morphological labels. We demonstrate this adaptability by applying Zoobot to peculiar galaxies. In summary, our trained Zoobot CNN can readily predict morphological catalogues for Euclid images., Comment: 27 pages, 26 figures, 5 tables, published in A&A
Published: 2024
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34. Euclid preparation. Optical emission-line predictions of intermediate-z galaxy populations in GAEA for the Euclid Deep and Wide Surveys

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Scharré, L., Hirschmann, M., De Lucia, G., Charlot, S., Fontanot, F., Spinelli, M., Xie, L., Feltre, A., Allevato, V., Plat, A., Bremer, M. N., Fotopoulou, S., Gabarra, L., Granett, B. R., Moresco, M., Scarlata, C., Pozzetti, L., Spinoglio, L., Talia, M., Zamorani, G., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Jahnke, K., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kitching, T., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Pettorino, V., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Surace, C., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Colodro-Conde, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Farinelli, R., Graciá-Carpio, J., Mainetti, G., Martinelli, M., Mauri, N., Neissner, C., Nucita, A. A., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Anselmi, S., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Cañas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Contini, T., Cooray, A. R., Coupon, J., Cucciati, O., Desprez, G., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., ánchez, A. Díaz-S, Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Escoffier, S., Ferrero, I., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., George, K., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gregorio, A., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Monaco, P., Morgante, G., Walton, Nicholas A., Pöntinen, M., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Sánchez, A. G., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Steinwagner, J., Testera, G., Tewes, M., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., and Zinchenko, I. A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: In anticipation of the Euclid Wide and Deep Surveys, we present optical emission-line predictions at intermediate redshifts from 0.4 to 2.5. Our approach combines a mock light cone from the GAEA semi-analytic model to self-consistently model nebular emission from HII regions, narrow-line regions of active galactic nuclei (AGN), and evolved stellar populations. Our analysis focuses on seven optical emission lines: H$\alpha$, H$\beta$, [SII]$\lambda\lambda 6717, 6731$, [NII]$\lambda 6584$, [OI]$\lambda 6300$, [OIII]$\lambda 5007$, and [OII]$\lambda\lambda 3727, 3729$. We find that Euclid will predominantly observe massive, star-forming, and metal-rich line-emitters. Interstellar dust, modelled using a Calzetti law with mass-dependent scaling, may decrease observable percentages by a further 20-30% with respect to our underlying emission-line populations from GAEA. We predict Euclid to observe around 30-70% of H$\alpha$-, [NII]-, [SII]-, and [OIII]-emitting galaxies at redshift below 1 and under 10% at higher redshift. Observability of H$\beta$-, [OII]-, and [OI]- emission is limited to below 5%. For the Euclid-observable sample, we find that BPT diagrams can effectively distinguish between different galaxy types up to around redshift 1.8, attributed to the bias toward metal-rich systems. Moreover, we show that the relationships of H$\alpha$ and [OIII]+H$\beta$ to the star-formation rate, and the [OIII]-AGN luminosity relation, exhibit minimal changes with increasing redshift. Based on line ratios [NII]/H$\alpha$, [NII]/[OII], and [NII]/[SII], we further propose novel z-invariant tracers for the black hole accretion rate-to-star formation rate ratio. Lastly, we find that commonly used metallicity estimators display gradual shifts in normalisations with increasing redshift, while maintaining the overall shape of local calibrations. This is in tentative agreement with recent JWST data., Comment: 32 pages, 15 figures, submitted to A&A
Published: 2024
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35. Euclid preparation XLVI. The Near-IR Background Dipole Experiment with Euclid

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Kashlinsky, A., Arendt, R. G., Ashby, M. L. N., Atrio-Barandela, F., Scaramella, R., Strauss, M. A., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Jahnke, K., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Seiffert, M., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Surace, C., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Colodro-Conde, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Fabbian, G., Farinelli, R., Graciá-Carpio, J., Mainetti, G., Martinelli, M., Mauri, N., Neissner, C., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Blanchard, A., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Cañas-Herrera, G., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Coupon, J., De Lucia, G., Desprez, G., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Gabarra, L., García-Bellido, J., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., George, K., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gregorio, A., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Loureiro, A., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Monaco, P., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Pöntinen, M., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Schneider, A., Sefusatti, E., Sereno, M., Steinwagner, J., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., and Hasinger, G.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: Verifying the fully kinematic nature of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) dipole is of fundamental importance in cosmology. In the standard cosmological model with the Friedman-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric from the inflationary expansion the CMB dipole should be entirely kinematic. Any non-kinematic CMB dipole component would thus reflect the preinflationary structure of spacetime probing the extent of the FLRW applicability. Cosmic backgrounds from galaxies after the matter-radiation decoupling, should have kinematic dipole component identical in velocity with the CMB kinematic dipole. Comparing the two can lead to isolating the CMB non-kinematic dipole. It was recently proposed that such measurement can be done using the near-IR cosmic infrared background (CIB) measured with the currently operating Euclid telescope, and later with Roman. The proposed method reconstructs the resolved CIB, the Integrated Galaxy Light (IGL), from Euclid's Wide Survey and probes its dipole, with a kinematic component amplified over that of the CMB by the Compton-Getting effect. The amplification coupled with the extensive galaxy samples forming the IGL would determine the CIB dipole with an overwhelming signal/noise, isolating its direction to sub-degree accuracy. We develop details of the method for Euclid's Wide Survey in 4 bands spanning 0.6 to 2 mic. We isolate the systematic and other uncertainties and present methodologies to minimize them, after confining the sample to the magnitude range with negligible IGL/CIB dipole from galaxy clustering. These include the required star-galaxy separation, accounting for the extinction correction dipole using the method newly developed here achieving total separation, accounting for the Earth's orbital motion and other systematic effects. (Abridged), Comment: Euclid Key Project paper, A&A, in press
Published: 2024

36. The Gravitational Wave AfterglowPy Analysis (GWAPA) webtool

Author: Eyles-Ferris, R. A. J., van Eerten, H., Troja, E., and O'Brien, P. T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: We present the first release of the Gravitational Wave AfterglowPy Analysis (GWAPA) webtool. GWAPA is designed to provide the community with an interactive tool for rapid analysis of gravitational wave afterglow counterparts and can be extended to the general case of gamma-ray burst afterglows seen at different angles. It is based on the afterglowpy package and allows users to upload observational data and vary afterglow parameters to infer the properties of the explosion. Multiple jet structures, including top hat, Gaussian and power laws, in addition to a spherical outflow model are implemented. A Python script for MCMC fitting is also available to download, with initial guesses taken from GWAPA., Comment: Published in RNAAS. GWAPA will be available at https://gwapa.web.roma2.infn.it/ once essential server repairs are complete
Published: 2024

37. Euclid preparation. TBD. Galaxy power spectrum modelling in real space

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Pezzotta, A., Moretti, C., Zennaro, M., Dizgah, A. Moradinezhad, Crocce, M., Sefusatti, E., Ferrero, I., Pardede, K., Eggemeier, A., Barreira, A., Angulo, R. E., Marinucci, M., Quevedo, B. Camacho, de la Torre, S., Alkhanishvili, D., Biagetti, M., Breton, M. -A., Castorina, E., D'Amico, G., Desjacques, V., Guidi, M., Kärcher, M., Oddo, A., Ibanez, M. Pellejero, Porciani, C., Pugno, A., Salvalaggio, J., Sarpa, E., Veropalumbo, A., Vlah, Z., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Granett, B. R., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Jahnke, K., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kubik, B., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Pollack, J. E., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Seiffert, M., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Surace, C., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Colodro-Conde, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Mainetti, G., Martinelli, M., Mauri, N., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Bernardeau, F., Blanchard, A., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., {n}as-Herrera, G. Ca\, Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Coupon, J., Davini, S., De Lucia, G., Desprez, G., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Escoffier, S., Ferreira, P. G., Finelli, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Hall, A., Ilić, S., Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Monaco, P., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Pourtsidou, A., Pöntinen, M., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sánchez, A. G., Sahlén, M., Schneider, A., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Steinwagner, J., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., and Vielzeuf, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We investigate the accuracy of the perturbative galaxy bias expansion in view of the forthcoming analysis of the Euclid spectroscopic galaxy samples. We compare the performance of an Eulerian galaxy bias expansion, using state-of-art prescriptions from the effective field theory of large-scale structure (EFTofLSS), against a hybrid approach based on Lagrangian perturbation theory and high-resolution simulations. These models are benchmarked against comoving snapshots of the Flagship I N-body simulation at $z=(0.9,1.2,1.5,1.8)$, which have been populated with H$\alpha$ galaxies leading to catalogues of millions of objects within a volume of about $58\,h^{-3}\,{\rm Gpc}^3$. Our analysis suggests that both models can be used to provide a robust inference of the parameters $(h, \omega_{\rm c})$ in the redshift range under consideration, with comparable constraining power. We additionally determine the range of validity of the EFTofLSS model in terms of scale cuts and model degrees of freedom. From these tests, it emerges that the standard third-order Eulerian bias expansion can accurately describe the full shape of the real-space galaxy power spectrum up to the maximum wavenumber $k_{\rm max}=0.45\,h\,{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$, even with a measurement precision well below the percent level. In particular, this is true for a configuration with six free nuisance parameters, including local and non-local bias parameters, a matter counterterm, and a correction to the shot-noise contribution. Fixing either tidal bias parameters to physically-motivated relations still leads to unbiased cosmological constraints. We finally repeat our analysis assuming a volume that matches the expected footprint of Euclid, but without considering observational effects, as purity and completeness, showing that we can get consistent cosmological constraints over this range of scales and redshifts., Comment: 38 pages, 19 figures
Published: 2023
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38. Euclid Preparation. XXXVII. Galaxy colour selections with Euclid and ground photometry for cluster weak-lensing analyses

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Lesci, G. F., Sereno, M., Radovich, M., Castignani, G., Bisigello, L., Marulli, F., Moscardini, L., Baumont, L., Covone, G., Farrens, S., Giocoli, C., Ingoglia, L., La Hera, S. Miranda, Vannier, M., Biviano, A., Maurogordato, S., Aghanim, N., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Franzetti, P., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., Gillis, B., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Kümmel, M., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Munari, E., Nakajima, R., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Skottfelt, J., Stanco, L., Starck, J. -L., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Bolzonella, M., Bozzo, E., Colodro-Conde, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Graciá-Carpio, J., Marcin, S., Mauri, N., Neissner, C., Nucita, A. A., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Anselmi, S., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Bruton, S., Burigana, C., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Cañas-Herrera, G., Chambers, K. C., Cooray, A. R., Coupon, J., Cucciati, O., Davini, S., de la Torre, S., De Lucia, G., Desprez, G., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Escoffier, S., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gwyn, S., Hildebrandt, H., Huertas-Company, M., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Magliocchetti, M., Mainetti, G., Maoli, R., Martinelli, M., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maturi, M., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Monaco, P., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Patrizii, L., Pezzotta, A., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Pöntinen, M., Reimberg, P., Rocci, P. -F., Sánchez, A. G., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sefusatti, E., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stanford, S. A., Steinwagner, J., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valiviita, J., and Vergani, D.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We derived galaxy colour selections from Euclid and ground-based photometry, aiming to accurately define background galaxy samples in cluster weak-lensing analyses. Given any set of photometric bands, we developed a method for the calibration of optimal galaxy colour selections that maximises the selection completeness, given a threshold on purity. We calibrated galaxy selections using simulated ground-based $griz$ and Euclid $Y_{\rm E}J_{\rm E}H_{\rm E}$ photometry. Both selections produce a purity higher than 97%. The $griz$ selection completeness ranges from 30% to 84% in the lens redshift range $z_{\rm l}\in[0.2,0.8]$. With the full $grizY_{\rm E}J_{\rm E}H_{\rm E}$ selection, the completeness improves by up to $25$ percentage points, and the $z_{\rm l}$ range extends up to $z_{\rm l}=1.5$. The calibrated colour selections are stable to changes in the sample limiting magnitudes and redshift, and the selection based on $griz$ bands provides excellent results on real external datasets. The $griz$ selection is also purer at high redshift and more complete at low redshift compared to colour selections found in the literature. We find excellent agreement in terms of purity and completeness between the analysis of an independent, simulated Euclid galaxy catalogue and our calibration sample, except for galaxies at high redshifts, for which we obtain up to 50 percent points higher completeness. The combination of colour and photo-$z$ selections applied to simulated Euclid data yields up to 95% completeness, while the purity decreases down to 92% at high $z_{\rm l}$. We show that the calibrated colour selections provide robust results even when observations from a single band are missing from the ground-based data. Finally, we show that colour selections do not disrupt the shear calibration for stage III surveys., Comment: 20 pages, 13 figures. Published by A&A
Published: 2023

39. Euclid preparation. Modelling spectroscopic clustering on mildly nonlinear scales in beyond-$\Lambda$CDM models

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Bose, B., Carrilho, P., Marinucci, M., Moretti, C., Pietroni, M., Carella, E., Piga, L., Wright, B. S., Vernizzi, F., Carbone, C., Casas, S., D'Amico, G., Frusciante, N., Koyama, K., Pace, F., Pourtsidou, A., Baldi, M., de la Bella, L. F., Fiorini, B., Giocoli, C., Lombriser, L., Aghanim, N., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Bardelli, S., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Costille, A., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., Gillis, B., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Jahnke, K., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Meneghetti, M., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schneider, P., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Seiffert, M., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Starck, J. -L., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Colodro-Conde, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Graciá-Carpio, J., Mauri, N., Neissner, C., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Ballardini, M., Bernardeau, F., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Cañas-Herrera, G., Chambers, K. C., Cooray, A. R., Coupon, J., Davini, S., de la Torre, S., De Lucia, G., Desprez, G., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Escoffier, S., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Guinet, D., Hall, A., Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Magliocchetti, M., Maoli, R., Martinelli, M., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maturi, M., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Monaco, P., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Pezzotta, A., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Pöntinen, M., Reimberg, P., Rocci, P. -F., Sánchez, A. G., Schneider, A., Sefusatti, E., Sereno, M., Silvestri, A., Mancini, A. Spurio, Steinwagner, J., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valiviita, J., and Vergani, D.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We investigate the approximations needed to efficiently predict the large-scale clustering of matter and dark matter halos in beyond-$\Lambda$CDM scenarios. We examine the normal branch of the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati model, the Hu-Sawicki $f(R)$ model, a slowly evolving dark energy, an interacting dark energy model and massive neutrinos. For each, we test approximations for the perturbative kernel calculations, including the omission of screening terms and the use of perturbative kernels based on the Einstein-de Sitter universe; we explore different infrared-resummation schemes, tracer bias models and a linear treatment of massive neutrinos; we employ two models for redshift space distortions, the Taruya-Nishimishi-Saito prescription and the Effective Field Theory of Large-Scale Structure. This work further provides a preliminary validation of the codes being considered by Euclid for the spectroscopic clustering probe in beyond-$\Lambda$CDM scenarios. We calculate and compare the $\chi^2$ statistic to assess the different modelling choices. This is done by fitting the spectroscopic clustering predictions to measurements from numerical simulations and perturbation theory-based mock data. We compare the behaviour of this statistic in the beyond-$\Lambda$CDM cases, as a function of the maximum scale included in the fit, to the baseline $\Lambda$CDM case. We find that the Einstein-de Sitter approximation without screening is surprisingly accurate for all cases when comparing to the halo clustering monopole and quadrupole obtained from simulations. Our results suggest that the inclusion of multiple redshift bins, higher-order multipoles, higher-order clustering statistics (such as the bispectrum) and photometric probes such as weak lensing, will be essential to extract information on massive neutrinos, modified gravity and dark energy., Comment: 29 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables, 3 appendices. Journal accepted version
Published: 2023
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40. Euclid preparation. Spectroscopy of active galactic nuclei with NISP

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Lusso, E., Fotopoulou, S., Selwood, M., Allevato, V., Calderone, G., Mancini, C., Mignoli, M., Scodeggio, M., Bisigello, L., Feltre, A., Ricci, F., La Franca, F., Vergani, D., Gabarra, L., Brun, V. Le, Maiorano, E., Palazzi, E., Moresco, M., Zamorani, G., Cresci, G., Jahnke, K., Humphrey, A., Landt, H., Mannucci, F., Marconi, A., Pozzetti, L., Salucci, P., Salvato, M., Shankar, F., Spinoglio, L., Stern, D., Serjeant, S., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auphan, T., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bender, R., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Dinis, J., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fourmanoit, N., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Franzetti, P., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Kümmel, M., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kubik, B., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schneider, P., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Surace, C., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Vibert, D., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Colodro-Conde, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Graciá-Carpio, J., Mainetti, G., Mauri, N., Neissner, C., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Anselmi, S., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Bethermin, M., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Cañas-Herrera, G., Chambers, K. C., Cooray, A. R., Coupon, J., Cucciati, O., Davini, S., De Lucia, G., Desprez, G., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Escoffier, S., Ferrero, I., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Guinet, D., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Muñoz, A. Jiminez, Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Magliocchetti, M., Maoli, R., Martinelli, M., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maturi, M., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Monaco, P., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Patrizii, L., Pezzotta, A., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Pöntinen, M., Rocci, P. -F., Sánchez, A. G., Schneider, A., Sefusatti, E., Sereno, M., Shulevski, A., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Stanford, S. A., Steinwagner, J., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., and Zinchenko, I. A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The statistical distribution and evolution of key properties (e.g. accretion rate, mass, or spin) of active galactic nuclei (AGN), remain an open debate in astrophysics. The ESA Euclid space mission, launched on July 1st 2023, promises a breakthrough in this field. We create detailed mock catalogues of AGN spectra, from the rest-frame near-infrared down to the ultraviolet, including emission lines, to simulate what Euclid will observe for both obscured (type 2) and unobscured (type 1) AGN. We concentrate on the red grisms of the NISP instrument, which will be used for the wide-field survey, opening a new window for spectroscopic AGN studies in the near-infrared. We quantify the efficiency in the redshift determination as well as in retrieving the emission line flux of the H$\alpha$+[NII] complex as Euclid is mainly focused on this emission line as it is expected to be the brightest one in the probed redshift range. Spectroscopic redshifts are measured for 83% of the simulated AGN in the interval where the H$\alpha$+[NII] is visible (0.892x10^{-16}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$, encompassing the peak of AGN activity at $z\simeq 1-1.5$) within the spectral coverage of the red grism. Outside this redshift range, the measurement efficiency decreases significantly. Overall, a spectroscopic redshift is correctly determined for ~90% of type 2 AGN down to an emission line flux of $3x10^{-16}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$, and for type 1 AGN down to $8.5x10^{-16}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$. Recovered black hole mass values show a small offset with respect to the input values ~10%, but the agreement is good overall. With such a high spectroscopic coverage at z<2, we will be able to measure AGN demography, scaling relations, and clustering from the epoch of the peak of AGN activity down to the present-day Universe for hundreds of thousand AGN with homogeneous spectroscopic information., Comment: 29 pages, 23 figures. Submitted to A&A, revised version
Published: 2023

41. Prospects for Time-Domain and Multi-Messenger Science with AXIS

Author: Time-Domain, The AXIS, Group, Multi-Messenger Science Working, Arcodia, Riccardo, Bauer, Franz E., Cenko, S. Bradley, Dage, Kristen C., Haggard, Daryl, Ho, Wynn C. G., Kara, Erin, Koss, Michael, Liu, Tingting, Mallick, Labani, Negro, Michela, Pradhan, Pragati, Quirola-Vasquez, J., Reynolds, Mark T., Ricci, Claudio, Rothschild, Richard E., Sridhar, Navin, Troja, Eleonora, and Yao, Yuhan
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The Advanced X-ray Imaging Satellite (AXIS) promises revolutionary science in the X-ray and multi-messenger time domain. AXIS will leverage excellent spatial resolution (<1.5 arcsec), sensitivity (80x that of Swift), and a large collecting area (5-10x that of Chandra) across a 24-arcmin diameter field of view to discover and characterize a wide range of X-ray transients from supernova-shock breakouts to tidal disruption events to highly variable supermassive black holes. The observatory's ability to localize and monitor faint X-ray sources opens up new opportunities to hunt for counterparts to distant binary neutron star mergers, fast radio bursts, and exotic phenomena like fast X-ray transients. AXIS will offer a response time of <2 hours to community alerts, enabling studies of gravitational wave sources, high-energy neutrino emitters, X-ray binaries, magnetars, and other targets of opportunity. This white paper highlights some of the discovery science that will be driven by AXIS in this burgeoning field of time domain and multi-messenger astrophysics., Comment: This White Paper is part of a series commissioned for the AXIS Probe Concept Mission; additional AXIS White Papers can be found at http://axis.astro.umd.edu
Published: 2023

42. Euclid's Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer ready for flight -- review of final performance

Author: Medinaceli, E., Valenziano, L., Auricchio, N., Franceschi, E., Gianotti, F., Battaglia, P., Farinelli, R., Balestra, A., Dusini, S., Sirignano, C., Borsato, E., Stanco, L., Renzi, A., Troja, A., Gabarra, L., Ligori, S., Capobianco, V., Corcione, L., Bonino, D., Sirri, G., Patrizii, L., Tenti, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Valieri, C., Mauri, N., Giacomini, F., Mignant, D. Le, Prieto, E., Carle, M., Ducret, F., Gillard, W., Secroun, A., Maciaszek, T., Ferriol, S., Barbier, R., Grupp, F., Holmes, W., Pniel, M., Waczynski, A., Prado, S., Seiffert, M., Jhabvala, M., Laureijs, RJ., Racca, G., Salvignol, JC., Boenke, T., and Strada, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: ESA's mission Euclid, while undertaking its final integration stage, is fully qualified. Euclid will perform an extragalactic survey ($0
Published: 2023
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43. Euclid Preparation. TBD. Impact of magnification on spectroscopic galaxy clustering

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Jelic-Cizmek, G., Sorrenti, F., Lepori, F., Bonvin, C., Camera, S., Castander, F. J., Durrer, R., Fosalba, P., Kunz, M., Lombriser, L., Tutusaus, I., Viglione, C., Sakr, Z., Aghanim, N., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoekstra, H., Holmes, W., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Jahnke, K., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Starck, J. -L., Surace, C., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Colodro-Conde, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Graciá-Carpio, J., Liebing, P., Mauri, N., Neissner, C., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Baccigalupi, C., Balaguera-Antolínez, A., Ballardini, M., Bruton, S., Burigana, C., Cabanac, R., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., {n}as-Herrera, G. Ca\, Chambers, K. C., Cooray, A. R., Coupon, J., Davini, S., de la Torre, S., De Lucia, G., Desprez, G., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Escoffier, S., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Guinet, D., Hildebrandt, H., Ilić, S., {n}oz, A. Jimenez Mu\, Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Loureiro, A., Magliocchetti, M., Mainetti, G., Maoli, R., Martinelli, M., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maturi, M., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Monaco, P., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Patrizii, L., Pezzotta, A., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Pöntinen, M., Reimberg, P., Rocci, P. -F., Sánchez, A. G., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sefusatti, E., Sereno, M., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Steinwagner, J., Testera, G., Tewes, M., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., and Tanidis, K.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: In this paper we investigate the impact of lensing magnification on the analysis of Euclid's spectroscopic survey, using the multipoles of the 2-point correlation function for galaxy clustering. We determine the impact of lensing magnification on cosmological constraints, and the expected shift in the best-fit parameters if magnification is ignored. We consider two cosmological analyses: i) a full-shape analysis based on the $\Lambda$CDM model and its extension $w_0w_a$CDM and ii) a model-independent analysis that measures the growth rate of structure in each redshift bin. We adopt two complementary approaches in our forecast: the Fisher matrix formalism and the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. The fiducial values of the local count slope (or magnification bias), which regulates the amplitude of the lensing magnification, have been estimated from the Euclid Flagship simulations. We use linear perturbation theory and model the 2-point correlation function with the public code coffe. For a $\Lambda$CDM model, we find that the estimation of cosmological parameters is biased at the level of 0.4-0.7 standard deviations, while for a $w_0w_a$CDM dynamical dark energy model, lensing magnification has a somewhat smaller impact, with shifts below 0.5 standard deviations. In a model-independent analysis aiming to measure the growth rate of structure, we find that the estimation of the growth rate is biased by up to $1.2$ standard deviations in the highest redshift bin. As a result, lensing magnification cannot be neglected in the spectroscopic survey, especially if we want to determine the growth factor, one of the most promising ways to test general relativity with Euclid. We also find that, by including lensing magnification with a simple template, this shift can be almost entirely eliminated with minimal computational overhead., Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2023

44. Euclid preparation. XXXIX. The effect of baryons on the Halo Mass Function

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Castro, T., Borgani, S., Costanzi, M., Dakin, J., Dolag, K., Fumagalli, A., Ragagnin, A., Saro, A., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Aghanim, N., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Jahnke, K., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., Medinaceli, E., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Starck, J. -L., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bozzo, E., Cerna, C., Colodro-Conde, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Mauri, N., Neissner, C., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Anselmi, S., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Borlaff, A. S., Bruton, S., Burigana, C., Cabanac, R., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Cañas-Herrera, G., Chambers, K. C., Cooray, A. R., Coupon, J., Cucciati, O., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Davini, S., de la Torre, S., De Lucia, G., Desprez, G., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., Garcia-Bellido, J., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Hildebrandt, H., Ilić, S., Munñoz, A. Jimanez, Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Magliocchetti, M., Mainetti, G., Maoli, R., Martinelli, M., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maturi, M., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Monaco, P., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Patrizii, L., Pezzotta, A., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Pöntinen, M., Reimberg, P., Rocci, P. -F., Sánchez, A. G., Schaye, J., Schneider, A., Sefusatti, E., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Stanford, S. A., Steinwagner, J., Testera, G., Tewes, M., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valiviita, J., and Vergani, D.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Euclid photometric survey of galaxy clusters stands as a powerful cosmological tool, with the capacity to significantly propel our understanding of the Universe. Despite being sub-dominant to dark matter and dark energy, the baryonic component in our Universe holds substantial influence over the structure and mass of galaxy clusters. This paper presents a novel model to precisely quantify the impact of baryons on galaxy cluster virial halo masses, using the baryon fraction within a cluster as proxy for their effect. Constructed on the premise of quasi-adiabaticity, the model includes two parameters calibrated using non-radiative cosmological hydrodynamical simulations and a single large-scale simulation from the Magneticum set, which includes the physical processes driving galaxy formation. As a main result of our analysis, we demonstrate that this model delivers a remarkable one percent relative accuracy in determining the virial dark matter-only equivalent mass of galaxy clusters, starting from the corresponding total cluster mass and baryon fraction measured in hydrodynamical simulations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this result is robust against changes in cosmological parameters and against varying the numerical implementation of the sub-resolution physical processes included in the simulations. Our work substantiates previous claims about the impact of baryons on cluster cosmology studies. In particular, we show how neglecting these effects would lead to biased cosmological constraints for a Euclid-like cluster abundance analysis. Importantly, we demonstrate that uncertainties associated with our model, arising from baryonic corrections to cluster masses, are sub-dominant when compared to the precision with which mass-observable relations will be calibrated using Euclid, as well as our current understanding of the baryon fraction within galaxy clusters., Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables, 1 appendix, abstract abridged for arXiv submission; v2 matches published version
Published: 2023

45. Modelling of Long-Term Afterglow Counterparts to Gravitational Wave Events: The Full View of GRB 170817A

Author: Ryan, Geoffrey, van Eerten, Hendrik, Troja, Eleonora, Piro, Luigi, O'Connor, Brendan, and Ricci, Roberto
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The arrival of gravitational wave astronomy and a growing number of time-domain focused observatories are set to lead to a increasing number of detections of short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) launched with a moderate inclination to Earth. Being nearby events, these are also prime candidates for very long-term follow-up campaigns and very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI), which has implications for multi-messenger modelling, data analysis, and statistical inference methods applied to these sources. Here we present a comprehensive modelling update that directly incorporates into afterglowpy astrometric observations of the GRB position, Poissonian statistics for faint sources, and modelling of a trans-relativistic population of electrons. We use the revolutionary event GW170817 to demonstrate the impact of these extensions both for the best-fit physics parameters and model selection methods that assess the statistical significance of additional late-time emission components. By including in our analysis the latest Chandra X-ray observations of GRB 170817A, we find only weak evidence (less than two sigma) for a new emission component at late times, which makes for a slightly more natural fit to the centroid evolution and prediction for the external medium density., Comment: 23 pages, 12 figures, submitted to ApJ
Published: 2023

46. Machine-Learning Enhanced Photometric Analysis of the Extremely Bright GRB 210822A

Author: Angulo-Valdez, Camila, Becerra, Rosa L., Pereyra, Margarita, Garcia-Cifuentes, Keneth, Vargas, Felipe, Watson, Alan M., De Colle, Fabio, Fraija, Nissim, Butler, Nathaniel R., Dainotti, Maria G., Dichiara, Simone, Lee, William H., Troja, Eleonora, Bloom, Joshua S., González, J. Jesús, Kutyrev, Alexander S., Prochaska, J. Xavier, Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico, and Richer, Michael G.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present analytical and numerical models of the bright long GRB 210822A at $z=1.736$. The intrinsic extreme brightness exhibited in the optical, which is very similar to other bright GRBs (e.g., GRBs 080319B, 130427A, 160625A 190114C, and 221009A), makes GRB 210822A an ideal case for studying the evolution of this particular kind of GRB. We use optical data from the RATIR instrument starting at $T+315.9$ s, with publicly available optical data from other ground-based observatories, as well as Swift/UVOT, and X-ray data from the Swift/XRT instrument. The temporal profiles and spectral properties during the late stages align consistently with the conventional forward shock model, complemented by a reverse shock element that dominates optical emissions during the initial phases ($T<300$ s). Furthermore, we observe a break at $T=80000$s that we interpreted as evidence of a jet break, which constrains the opening angle to be about $\theta_\mathrm{j}=(3-5)$ degrees. Finally, we apply a machine-learning technique to model the multi-wavelength light curve of GRB 210822A using the AFTERGLOWPY library. We estimate the angle of sight $\theta_{obs}=(6.4 \pm 0.1) \times 10^{-1}$ degrees, the energy $E_0=(7.9 \pm 1.6)\times 10^{53}$ ergs, the electron index $p=2.54 \pm 0.10$, the thermal energy fraction in electrons $\epsilon_\mathrm{e}=(4.63 \pm 0.91) \times 10^{-5}$ and in the magnetic field $\epsilon_\mathrm{B}= (8.66 \pm 1.01) \times 10^{-6}$, the efficiency $\chi = 0.89 \pm 0.01$, and the density of the surrounding medium $n_\mathrm{0} = 0.85 \pm 0.01 cm^{-3}$., Comment: Resubmitted to MNRAS after moderate revision, 12 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2023

47. Understanding the Nature of the Optical Emission in Gamma-Ray Bursts: Analysis from TAROT, COATLI, and RATIR Observations

Author: Becerra, R. L., Klotz, A., Atteia, J. L., Guetta, D., Watson, A. M., De Colle, F., Angulo-Valdez, C., Butler, N. R., Dichiara, S., Fraija, N., Garcia-Cifuentes, K., Kutyrev, A. S., Lee, W. H., Pereyra, M., and Troja, E.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We collected the optical light curve data of 227 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) observed with the TAROT, COATLI, and RATIR telescopes. These consist of 133 detections and 94 upper limits. We constructed average light curves in the observer and rest frames in both X-rays (from {\itshape Swift}/XRT) and in the optical. Our analysis focused on investigating the observational and intrinsic properties of GRBs. Specifically, we examined observational properties, such as the optical brightness function of the GRBs at $T=1000$ seconds after the trigger, as well as the temporal slope of the afterglow. We also estimated the redshift distribution for the GRBs within our sample. Of the 227 GRBs analysed, we found that 116 had a measured redshift. Based on these data, we calculated a local rate of $\rho_0=0.2$ Gpc$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$ for these events with $z<1$. To explore the intrinsic properties of GRBs, we examined the average X-ray and optical light curves in the rest frame. We use the {\scshape afterglowpy} library to generate synthetic curves to constrain the parameters typical of the bright GRB jet, such as energy (${\langle} {E_{0}}{\rangle}\sim 10^{53.6}$~erg), opening angle (${\langle}\theta_\mathrm{core}{\rangle}\sim 0.2$~rad), and density (${\langle}n_\mathrm{0}{\rangle}\sim10^{-2.1}$ cm$^{-3}$). Furthermore, we analyse microphysical parameters, including the fraction of thermal energy in accelerated electrons (${\langle}\epsilon_e{\rangle}\sim 10^{-1.37}$) and in the magnetic field (${\langle}\epsilon_B{\rangle}\sim10^{-2.26}$), and the power-law index of the population of non-thermal electrons (${\langle}p{\rangle}\sim 2.2$)., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 13 pages and 9 figures
Published: 2023

48. A lanthanide-rich kilonova in the aftermath of a long gamma-ray burst

Author: Yang, Yu-Han, Troja, Eleonora, O'Connor, Brendan, Fryer, Chris L., Im, Myungshin, Durbak, Joe, Paek, Gregory S. H., Ricci, Roberto, De Bom, Clécio R., Gillanders, James H., Castro-Tirado, Alberto J., Peng, Zong-Kai, Dichiara, Simone, Ryan, Geoffrey, van Eerten, Hendrik, Dai, Zi-Gao, Chang, Seo-Won, Choi, Hyeonho, De, Kishalay, Hu, Youdong, Kilpatrick, Charles D., Kutyrev, Alexander, Jeong, Mankeun, Lee, Chung-Uk, Makler, Martin, Navarete, Felipe, and Pérez-García, Ignacio
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Kilonovae are a rare class of astrophysical transients powered by the radioactive decay of nuclei heavier than iron, synthesized in the merger of two compact objects. Over the first few days, the kilonova evolution is dominated by a large number of radioactive isotopes contributing to the heating rate. On timescales of weeks to months, its behavior is predicted to differ depending on the ejecta composition and merger remnant. However, late-time observations of known kilonovae are either missing or limited. Here we report observations of a luminous red transient with a quasi-thermal spectrum, following an unusual gamma-ray burst of long duration. We classify this thermal emission as a kilonova and track its evolution up to two months after the burst. At these late times, the recession of the photospheric radius and the rapidly-decaying bolometric luminosity ($L_{\rm bol}\propto t^{-2.7\pm 0.4}$) support the recombination of lanthanide-rich ejecta as they cool., Comment: 47 pages, 14 figures, 9 tables; submitted; a minor typo fixed
Published: 2023

49. Heavy element nucleosynthesis associated with a gamma-ray burst

Author: Gillanders, James H., Troja, Eleonora, Fryer, Chris L., Ristic, Marko, O'Connor, Brendan, Fontes, Christopher J., Yang, Yu-Han, Domoto, Nanae, Rahmouni, Salma, Tanaka, Masaomi, Fox, Ori D., and Dichiara, Simone
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Kilonovae are a novel class of astrophysical transients, and the only observationally-confirmed site of rapid neutron capture nucleosynthesis (the r-process) in the Universe. To date, only a handful of kilonovae have been detected, with just a single spectroscopically-observed event (AT 2017gfo). Spectra of AT 2017gfo provided evidence for the formation of elements heavier than iron; however, these spectra were collected during the first ~ 10 days, when emission from light r-process elements dominates the observations. Heavier elements, if synthesised, are expected to shape the late-time evolution of the kilonova, beyond the phases for which we have spectral observations. Here we present spectroscopic observations of a rapidly-reddening thermal transient, following the gamma-ray burst, GRB 230307A. Early (2.4 day) optical spectroscopy identifies the presence of a hot (T ~ 6700 K) thermal continuum. By 29 days, this component has expanded and cooled significantly (T ~ 640 K), yet it remains optically thick, indicating the presence of high-opacity ejecta. We show that these properties can only be explained by the merger of compact objects, and further, leads us to infer the production of the heavy lanthanide elements. We identify several spectral features (in both absorption and emission), whose cause can be explained by newly-synthesised heavy elements. This event marks only the second recorded spectroscopic evidence for the synthesis of r-process elements, and the first to be observed at such late times., Comment: 41 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables. Submitted - comments welcome!
Published: 2023

50. A luminous precursor in the extremely bright GRB 230307A

Author: Dichiara, S., Tsang, D., Troja, E., Neill, D., Norris, J. P., and Yang, Y. H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: GRB 230307A is an extremely bright long duration GRB with an observed gamma-ray fluence of $\gtrsim$3$\times$10$^{-3}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ (10-1000 keV), second only to GRB 221009A. Despite its long duration, it is possibly associated with a kilonova, thus resembling the case of GRB 211211A. In analogy with GRB 211211A, we distinguish three phases in the prompt gamma-ray emission of GRB 230307A: an initial short duration, spectrally soft emission; a main long duration, spectrally hard burst; a temporally extended and spectrally soft tail. We intepret the initial soft pulse as a bright precursor to the main burst and compare its properties with models of precursors from compact binary mergers. We find that to explain the brightness of GRB 230307A, a magnetar-like ($\gtrsim 10^{15}$ G) magnetic field should be retained by the progenitor neutron star. Alternatively, in the post-merger scenario, the luminous precursor could point to the formation of a rapidly rotating massive neutron star., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Published: 2023

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