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The study aimed to evaluate the effect of light restriction (18L:6D vs. 14L:10D), genotype (A vs. B), and sex on performance, behavior, and meat quality, and the occurrence of wooden breast (WB) and white striping (WS) in broiler chickens. To this purpose 704 one-day-old chickens of 2 genotypes, half males and half females, were reared from hatching until slaughtering at 45 d of age in 32 collective pens (22 chickens per pen). Light restriction reduced growth rate and final live weight (LW), but improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.01) and reduced inactive behaviors of chickens (P < 0.001). Light restriction also reduced WS occurrence in breasts (89.5 to 64.6%; P < 0.001) and reduced meat shear force (2.64 to 2.20 kg/g; P < 0.05) and ether extract content (2.29 to 1.87%; P < 0.05). Regarding genotype, compared to genotype B, chickens of genotype A were heavier (3,242 g vs. 3,124 g; P < 0.01) with higher cold carcass weight and Pectoralis major muscle yield (12.9 vs. 12.0%; P < 0.001) and a higher FCR (1.63 vs. 1.61; P < 0.01). Finally, females had lower final LW (2,852 g vs. 3,513 g) and higher FCR (1.64 vs. 1.59) than males (P < 0.001), but a higher proportion of breast and P. major (P < 0.001), lower cooking losses (P < 0.001) and shear force (P < 0.01), and higher protein content (21.6 vs. 20.7%; P < 0.001). In conclusion, light restriction depressed growth, but was effective in decreasing WS occurrence and improved feed conversion. The decrease in inactive behaviors (sitting/laying) of light-restricted chickens can be positively considered in view of animal welfare.

Tesis por compendio, [ES] La presente tesis doctoral presentaba como principal objetivo contribuir al conocimiento sobre estrategias de alimentación y técnicas de producción que puedan mejorar la sostenibilidad del sector acuícola a través de un enfoque multidisciplinar, evaluando el crecimiento, la salud y la calidad sensorial de los peces, así como la producción de especies vegetales. También se evaluó El impacto ambiental de las diferentes propuestas mediante el análisis del Ciclo de Vida (LCA) como parte de la discusión general de la tesis. El primer estudio evaluó el efecto de la sustitución de diferentes niveles de aceite de pescado (FO) por aceites vegetales en piensos para la seriola mediterránea (Seriola dumerili, Risso, 1810) en el perfil de ácidos grasos (FA) de diferentes tejidos. El perfíl de FA de la grasa visceral, hígado, músculo rojo y blanco cambiaron cuando se modificó la fuente lipídica en el pienso, mientras que el perfíl de FA del tejido cerebro fue bastante resistente a su alteración por los cambios en la dieta. Estos nuevos datos podrían ayudar a evaluar si las funciones fisiológicas claves se conservan cuando los peces son alimentan con dietas con niveles bajos de FO, así como para definir las necesidades de FA en la dieta de la S. dumerili para mejorar la sostenibilidad de la producción y el bienestar de los peces. El segundo estudio evaluó los efectos de un periodo de realimentación en la composición de ácidos grasos en el músculo de la seriola mediterránea. Después de 109 días durante los cuales los peces fueron alimentados con un pienso a base de aceite de pescado (FO 100) o un pienso (FO 0) en la que el FO fue sustituido completamente por aceites vegetales, todos los peces alimentados con la dieta FO 0 fueron sometidos a una realimentamentación con un pienso FO 100, durante 90 días. Un recebo de 90 días puede mejorar parcialmente el perfil de FA en los músculos de la seriola mediterránea previamente alimentada con dietas a base de aceite vegetal.El tercero, [CA] La present tesi doctoral va tenir com a objectiu contribuir al coneixement sobre estratègies d'alimentació i tècniques de producció que puguin millorar la sostenibilitat del sector aqüícola a través d'un enfocament multidisciplinari, avaluant el creixement, la salut i la qualitat sensorial dels peixos, així com la producció de espècies vegetals. El impacte ambiental de les diferents propostes també es va avaluar mitjançant l'anàlisi de l'Cicle de Vida (LCA) com a part de la discussió general de la tesi. En el primer estudi es va avaluar la substitució de diferents nivells d'oli de peix per olis vegetals en pinsos per a la seriola Mediterrània (Seriola dumerili, Risso, 1810) en el perfil d'àcids grassos (FA) de diferents teixits. El segon estudi es van avaluar els efectes d'un període de realimentació en la composició d'àcids grassos en el múscul de la seriola mediterrània. Un rentat de 90 dies pot millorar parcialment el perfil de FA en els músculs de la seriola mediterrània prèviament alimentada amb dietes a base d'oli vegetal. El tercer estudi va estudiar els efectes de dues densitats de producció (baixa - ALD, 3,81 kg m-3 enfront de alta - AHD, 7,26 kg m-3) sobre el creixement, la salut i la qualitat de la carn de la truita (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) i el rendiment i qualitat microbiològica de l'enciam (Lactuca sativa, L.) produïda en un sistema aquapònic de baixa tecnologia en comparació amb el cultiu hidropònic (HYP). En conclusió, les produccions de truita i enciam van tindre èxit en el sistema aquapònic provat, mentre que la densitat de població no va afectar al creixement dels peixos ni a la qualitat de la carn. En el quart estudi es va avaluar l'efecte de la substitució dietària de la farina de peix amb farina de Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758), parcialment desgreixada (HI) sobre el creixement, la digestibilitat de l'aliment, la morfologia intestinal i la qualitat del filet de la truita produïda en un sistema aquapònic de baixa tecnologia, [EN] The present PhD thesis aimed at improving the knowledge on feeding strategies and rearing techniques that might improve the sustainability of the aquaculture sector through a multidisciplinary approach, evaluating fish growth performance, health and quality, and vegetable production. The environmental impact of the different solutions was also assessed using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis as a part of thesis general discussion. The first contribution evaluated how replacing different levels of fish oil by vegetable oils in the diet of Mediterranean yellowtail, Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810), affects the fatty acids (FA) signature, i.e. overall FA profile, in different tissues. The FA signatures of red and white muscle, liver, and visceral fat tissues changed when the dietary FA source changed, whereas FA signatures in the brain were rather robust to such dietary changes. The second contribution assessed the effects of a wash-out on the fatty acid composition in the muscles of Mediterranean yellowtail. A 90-d wash-out can partially improve the FA profile in muscles of Mediterranean yellowtail previously fed vegetable oil-based diets. The third contribution investigated the effects of two stocking densities (low - ALD, 3.81 kg m¿3 vs. high - AHD, 7.26 kg m¿3) on the growth, health, and flesh quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) and the yield and microbiological quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa, L.) produced in a low-tech aquaponic system compared to hydroponic cultivation (HYP). Rainbow trout and lettuce productions were successful in the tested aquaponic system, whereas stocking density did not affect fish growth or flesh quality. The fourth contribution evaluated the effects of dietary substitution of fishmeal with partially defatted (Hermetia illucens, Linnaeus, 1758,) meal (HI) on the growth, feed digestibility, gut morphology, and fillet quality of rainbow trout reared in a low-tech aquaponic system fish growth and fillet qu

Table S1. Number and percentage (between parentheses) of chickens with normal breasts or defective breasts presenting a single myopathy or associated myopathies: whole data set

Fast-growing broiler chickens are subjected to breast myopathies such as white striping (WS), wooden breast (WB), and spaghetti meat (SM). Available studies about risk factors for myopathy occurrence often used flock data whereas a few reports evaluated chicken individual data. Thus, the present study aimed to elucidate the effect of growth and slaughter traits, besides sex and genotype on myopathy occurrence. Data were obtained from eight experimental trials, which used a total of 6,036 broiler chickens. Sex, genotype, daily weight gain, slaughter weight, and breast yield were evaluated as potential risk factors by logistic regression analyses. Then, the effects of myopathy and sex were evaluated on meat rheological traits (pH, colour, cooking losses and shear force). Based on a logistic regression, WS occurrence was associated with genotype, breast weight, and breast yield. Compared with chickens with intermediate breast weight and breast yield, higher odds of having WS were found in chickens with high breast weight (OR: 1.49) and yield (OR: 1.27), whereas lower odds were found in those with low breast weight (OR: 0.57) and yield (OR: 0.82). As or WB and SM, females had lower odds of having WB (OR: 0.55) and higher odds of showing SM (OR: 15.4) compared to males. In males, higher odds of having WB were found in chickens with a high daily weight gain (OR: 1.75) compared to those with an intermediate daily weight gain. In females, higher odds of having SM were associated to a high slaughter weight (OR: 2.10) while lower odds to a low slaughter weight (OR: 0.87). As for meat quality, only WB meat was clearly different for some technological and sensorial properties, which can play a major role also in meat processing. In conclusion, our analysis identified breast development as a potential risk factor for WS, while a high growth was the risk factor for wooden breast and spaghetti meat. A different probability of having wooden breasts or spaghetti meat in females and