232 results on '"Trkulja, Nenad"'
Search Results
2. Evaluation of the viability of old seeds of several important agricultural weeds
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Šikuljak Danijela, Uludag Ahmet, Anđelković Ana, Trkulja Nenad, Božić Dragana, and Vrbničanin Sava
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germination ,seed longevity ,seed persistence ,viable seeds ,weed seeds ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Persistent seed banks are equally important in agriculture and invasion biology. While seed vitality persistence exemplifies an eternal uphill battle for weed control in agriculture, it signals a potential invasiveness of species in invasion biology. Considering yield losses caused by Amaranthus retroflexus, Abutilon theophrasti, Chenopodium album and Datura stramonium in agriculture, and the importance of Ambrosia trifida as an emerging invader in Europe, the objective of this study was to test the viability and longevity of the aged seeds of these economically important weeds. Three seed viability/longevity tests were conducted: the crush test, germination test in Petri dishes, and 3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) test. The results revealed a significant variation in germination potential among the tested species. The highest vitality was observed in 7-year-old seeds of A. retroflexus (41.67 %), followed by 16-year-old A. theophrasti seeds (17.78 %), 13-year-old C. album seeds (15.00 %) and 17-year-old D. stramonium seeds (7.5 %). Furthermore, a remarkable seed longevity was documented in the tested species (with the exception of A. trifida), preserving their germination potential for over half a century. Seed germination was recorded in 49-year-old seeds of D. stramonium, 53-year-old seeds of A. retroflexus, 58-year-old seeds of A. theophrasti and 59-year-old seeds of C. album, in strong evidence of the persistence of these weed species' seeds in the environment.
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- 2024
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3. Effects of fertilizer treatment on the polyphenol content in maize and velvetleaf competition
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Alynad Ali F., Trkulja Nenad R., Đurović Sanja B., Janković Snežana M., Elahmar Mohamed A., Nesseef Layth, and Šikuljak Danijela M.
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polyphenols ,velvetleaf ,maize ,competition ,Agriculture - Abstract
The aim of this research was to examine the effect of fertilizer treatment on the content of polyphenols in velvetleaf and maize, grown without use of herbicides under controlled conditions (12h/12h, T 25º/22ºC day/night). Plants were treated with organic - F1 and synthetic fertilizers - F2 and F3. The content of total phenols, individual polyphenolic acids and antioxidant activity of plant extracts were examined, as important indicators of the plant condition and its resistance to oxidative stress. The content of total phenols was determined spectrophotometrically (modified Folin-Ciocalteu method). The content of individual polyphenolic acids was determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography method, while measurement of polyphenols antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH method. It was established that in maize, the application of fertilizers, neither in monoculture nor in competition with velvetleaf plants, caused statistically significant changes in the content of polyphenolic acids. However, in velvetleaf, the use of fertilizers led to an increase in the content of polyphenolic acids in conditions of competition vs monoculture. The content of chlorogenic, p-coumaric and trans-ferulic acids was statistically, significantly higher in plants of velvetleaf competition vs monoculture, and the content of chlorogenic, p-coumaric and cinnamic acids was lower in plants of maize competition vs monoculture. A statistically significant increase in the content of total polyphenols and their antioxidant activity in velvetleaf plants indicates the difficulty of removing weeds from crops, especially resistant populations. The research conducted and the results obtained confirm that weeds in competitive conditions manifest their natural competitive advantage, which is further enhanced by crop feeding.
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- 2023
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4. Influence of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria on quality parameters of pepper seed from Serbia
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Živković Ivana, Iličić Renata, Barać Goran, Damnjanović Jelena, Cvikić Dejan, Trkulja Nenad, and Popović-Milovanović Tatjana
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pepper ,bacterial spot ,germination ,moisture ,seed health ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
The present study focused on detecting bacteria of the Xanthomonas spp. complex (X. euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria, X. perforans and X. gardneri) and examining their influence on certain quality parameters of pepper seed collected from the territory of Smederevska Palanka (Serbia). The analysis included 27 non-commercial pepper seed genotypes (including chili and sweet pepper) collected in 2021. Several parameters of the quality of analyzed pepper seed (germination energy, total germination, moisture and seed health) were determined. The results showed that out of a total of 27 analyzed samples of pepper seed, the presence of X. euvesicatoria was detected in 13 of them. The presence of X. vesicatoria, X. gardneri and X. perforans was not confirmed. Germination energy of infected seed was 52-84%, and of bacteria-free seed 63-90%; total germination of infected seed was 66-91%, and of bacteria-free seed 80-95%. Seed moisture of infected seed samples was 6.1-12%, and of bacteria-free seed 6.2-8.1%. These parameters did not show significant statistical difference (p>0.05). The presence of seed-borne fungi Fusarium sp. accounted for up to 3% in 25 samples, while it was up to 6% in the remaining two; Alternaria sp. ranked from 1-4% in 25 samples, and up to 5% in only two samples. The results led to a conclusion that the bacterium X. euvesicatoria is the predominant pathogen of the Xanthomonas spp. complex, but it did not affect the quality parameters of the tested pepper seed.
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- 2023
5. Rhizoctonia Disease and Its Management
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Trkulja, Nenad, Milosavljević, Anja, Oro, Violeta, Misra, Varucha, editor, Srivastava, Santeshwari, editor, and Mall, Ashutosh Kumar, editor
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- 2022
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6. Sugar Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schmidt): Identification and Antagonists
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Oro, Violeta, Trkulja, Nenad, Milosavljević, Anja, Sečanski, Mile, Tabaković, Marijenka, Misra, Varucha, editor, Srivastava, Santeshwari, editor, and Mall, Ashutosh Kumar, editor
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- 2022
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7. First report of Colletotrichum nigrum causing tomato anthracnose in Serbia
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Iličić, Renata, primary, Blagojević, Jovana, additional, Bagi, Ferenc, additional, Konstantin, Đina, additional, Trkulja, Vojislav, additional, Trkulja, Nenad, additional, and Popović Milovanović, Tatjana, additional
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- 2024
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8. Colletotrichum Species Associated with Apple Bitter Rot and Glomerella Leaf Spot: A Comprehensive Overview.
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Trkulja, Vojislav, Čojić, Bojana, Trkulja, Nenad, Tomić, Andrija, Matić, Slavica, Ikanović, Jela, and Popović Milovanović, Tatjana
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COLLETOTRICHUM acutatum ,COLLETOTRICHUM gloeosporioides ,APPLE growing ,LEAF spots ,PHYTOPATHOGENIC microorganisms - Abstract
Species of the genus Colletotrichum are among the most important plant pathogens globally, as they are capable of infecting many hosts—apple (Malus spp.) and other fruit and woody plant species—but also vegetable crops, cereals, legumes, and other annual and perennial herbaceous plants. The apple (Malus spp.) is attacked by various species from the genus Colletotrichum, whereby 27 different species from this genus have been described as the causative agents of apple bitter rot (ABR) and 15 as the cause of Glomerella leaf spot (GLS). These species generally belong to one of three species complexes: Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Colletotrichum boninense. The largest number of apple pathogens of the genus Colletotrichum belong to the species complex C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides. However, further data on these species and the interactions between the species complexes of the genus Colletotrichum that cause these two apple diseases is needed for the development of effective control measures, thus ensuring successful and profitable apple cultivation. To contribute to this endeavor, a comprehensive review of the causative agents of ABR and GLS from the genus Colletotrichum is provided. In addition to presenting the species' current names, distribution, economic significance, and the symptoms they cause in apple, their development cycle, epidemiology, and molecular detection strategies are described, with a particular emphasis on control measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Net blotch (Pyrenophora teres Drechsler): An increasingly significant threat to barley production
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Tomić, Andrija, primary, Trkulja, Vojislav, additional, Matić, Slavica, additional, Trkulja, Nenad, additional, Iličić, Renata, additional, Scortichini, Marco, additional, and Popović Milovanović, Tatjana, additional
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- 2024
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10. Nematofauna of the Natural Park “Devil’s Town”
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Oro, Violeta, primary, Pisinov, Boris, additional, Trkulja, Nenad, additional, Stanisavljevic, Rade, additional, Belosevic, Svetlana, additional, Tabakovic, Marijenka, additional, and Sekulic, Zoran, additional
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- 2023
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11. An Overview of the Emergence of Plant Pathogen ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ in Europe
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Trkulja, Vojislav, primary, Tomić, Andrija, additional, Matić, Slavica, additional, Trkulja, Nenad, additional, Iličić, Renata, additional, and Popović Milovanović, Tatjana, additional
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- 2023
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12. Potencijal Bacillus velezensis soja P64 poreklom sa semena paprike u suzbijanju Xanthomonas euvesicatoria
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Živković, Ivana, Jelušić, Aleksandra, Iličić, Renata, Trkulja, Nenad, Adžić, Slađan, Damnjanović, Jelena, Popović Milovanović, Tatjana, Živković, Ivana, Jelušić, Aleksandra, Iličić, Renata, Trkulja, Nenad, Adžić, Slađan, Damnjanović, Jelena, and Popović Milovanović, Tatjana
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Primena sintetičkih pesticida u zaštiti bilja se poslednjih godina sve više zamenjuje ekološki prihvatljivim i zdravstveno bezbednim rešenjima, što podrazumeva i primenu mikroorganizama kao biokontrolnih agenasa u suzbijanju biljnih bolesti i štetočina. Bacillus velezensis je gram-pozitivna bakterija koju je moguće izolovati iz različitih niša, uglavnom zemljišta, vode i korena biljaka. Kao rizobakterijski organizam poznat je po sposobnosti da podstiče imunitet biljke u uslovima stresa, biotičke ili abiotičke prirode. Cilj ovog rada je ispitivanje potencijala B. velezensis soja P64 poreklom sa semena paprike (sorta Župska Rana) za suzbijanje fitopatogene bakterije Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, prouzrokovača bakteriozne pegavosti paprike, u in vivo uslovima. Eksperiment je postavljen na sorti paprike Župska rana gajenoj u poljskim uslovima (lokalitet Čenta) na kojoj su izvedena dva tretmana, prvi u fenofazi razvoja listova, a drugi tokom cvetanja. Izolat X22 X. euvesicatoria i B. velezensis soj P64 su gajeni na YDC i LB podlozi, redom, i pripremljene su bakterijske suspenzije koncentracije 107 CFU mL-1 za fitopatogena, odnosno 108 CFU mL-1 za antagonistu. Tretmani su podrazumevali folijarnu primenu soja B. velezensis 48 h pre (preventivni tretman) i 48 h nakon inokulacije paprike (prskanjem) sa X. euvesicatoria izolatom X22 (kurativni tretman). Eksperimentalna parcela je redovno zalivana, a biljke su svakodnevno prskane vodom kako bi se obezbedili uslovi vlažnosti koji pogoduju ostvarivanju i širenju infekcije. Ocena intenziteta zaraze je vršena ukupno 6 puta, na svakih sedam dana od primene tretmana, korišćenjem skale 0-4 (0=bez simptoma, 1=10% lezija na površini lista, 2=25%, 3=50-80% i 4=>80% površine lista sa lezijama). Efikasnost primenjenih tretmana izračunata je preko Abbott-ove formule. Efikasnost preventivnih tretmana sa B. velezensis sojem P64 se kretala od 74,43%, 7 dana posle tretmana (DPT), do 98,09% 49 DPT, uz intenzitet zaraze 4,72% prilikom prve ocene, a
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- 2023
13. Novija proučavanja uzročnika bakteriozne pegavosti lista šećerne repe
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Popović Milovanović, Tatjana, Trkulja, Nenad, Ristić, Danijela, Iličić, Renata, Trkulja, Vojislav, Jelušić, Aleksandra, Popović Milovanović, Tatjana, Trkulja, Nenad, Ristić, Danijela, Iličić, Renata, Trkulja, Vojislav, and Jelušić, Aleksandra
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Bakteriozna pegavost lista šećerne repe prouzrokovana fitopatogenom bakterijom Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata (Psa) je široko rasprostranjena bolest, koja osim ove biljne kulture napada blitvu, cveklu i dr. Ova bolest se poslednjih godina sve češće javlja na usevima šećerne repe u Srbiji, posebno u uslovima prohladnog i vlažnog proleća. Epifitocije su beležene 2013. godine u centralnim i južnim delovima Vojvodine (Bačka i Srem), kada su na osnovu sekvenciranja konzervativnog gena gyrB, utvrđene četiri različite alelske varijante ovog patogena. Obzirom na noviju epifitociju bakteriozne pegavosti lista na području gajenja šećerne repe u Srbiji, cilj ovoga rada je bio da se izvrši izolacija i identifikacija prouzrokovača i determiniše njegov genetički diverzitet na osnovu analize ponavljajućih palindromskih sekvenci (rep-PCR) i nasumično amplifikovanih polimorfnih DNK (RAPD-PCR). Tokom 2023. godine na šećernoj repi (sorta Viola) u lokalitetima Ruski Krstur i Srpski Miletić prikupljeni su uzorci obolelog lišća sa simptomima bakteriozne pegavosti u vidu nepravilnih nekrotičnih pega, oivičenih tamnijim marginama, sa centralnim delom mrke do sive boje. U nekim slučajevima pege su se spajale čineći veću nekrotičnu leziju. Izolacija je vršena na hranljivu podlogu obogaćenu sa 5% saharoze (NAS), na kojoj su nakon tri dana inkubacije na 26 °C, dominirale beličaste, okrugle, sjajne i ispupčene bakterijske kolonije. Za dalji rad je odabrano 18 izolata, a kao uporedni poslužili su referentni Psa sojevi, PD193 i PD197. Prema rezultatima LOPAT testova, svi izolati su pokazali pripadnost Ia grupi fluorescentnih Pseudomonas (+---+). Patogenost je dokazana infiltracijom bakterijske suspenzije u list šećerne repe. Pripadnost izolata bakteriji Psa dokazana je PCR metodom primenom prajmera specifičnih za patovar Papt2F/1R kojima su amplifikovani fragmenti DNK veličine 250 bp karakteristični za Psa. Rep-PCR je izvođen primenom prajmera BOXA1R (BOXPCR), ERIC1R/ERIC2 (ERIC-PCR) i GTG5 (GTG
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- 2023
14. Utvrđivanje genetičke strukture populacija Acidovorax citrulli u Srbiji
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Popović Milovanović, Tatjana, Iličić, Renata, Trkulja, Nenad, Trkulja, Vojislav, Zečević, Katarina, Jelušić, Aleksandra, Popović Milovanović, Tatjana, Iličić, Renata, Trkulja, Nenad, Trkulja, Vojislav, Zečević, Katarina, and Jelušić, Aleksandra
- Abstract
Bakteriozna mrljavost plodova lubenice (Acidovorax citrulli) predstavlja širom sveta ozbiljnu pretnju uključujući uzgajivače i proizvođače semena i rasada gajenih vrsta biljaka iz porodice Cucurbitacae. Krajem 1980-ih, bakterija A. citrulli se nakon epidemijskih pojava na lubenici u SAD proširila na druga područja i useve (dinja, tikva, bundeva, krastavac). Do danas su opisane dve genetički različite populacije A. citrulli. U Srbiji je prvi nalaz A. citrulli zabeležen 2014. godine na lubenici u lokalitetima Bačke i Srema. Međutim, uprkos sprovedenim eradikativnim merama i naporima u upravljanju ovim patogenom, ponovo je detektovan 2018., 2021., i 2022. godine na području Mačve i Srema. U cilju boljeg razumevanja genetičke strukture populacija A. citrulli prisutnih u Srbiji, u ovom radu je korišćena analiza sekvenci više genskih lokusa (MLSA) primenom konzerviranih gena i gena virulentnosti. Tokom rada korišćena su četiri reprezentativna soja A. citrulli, pod šiframa Ac414 (Čelarevo, 2014), Ac818 (Šabac, 2018), Ac221 (Ašanja, 2021) i Ac322 (Hrtkovci, 2022), odabrana na osnovu prethodnih rezultata dobijenih umnožavanjem ponavljajućih sekvenci DNK (rep-PCR). Za MLSA je korišćeno devet gena, i to osam konzervativnih (gltA, gmc, gyrB, lepA, phaC, pilT, trpB, ugpB) i jedan gen virulentnosti (Aave_1548). PCR program se sastojao od inicijalne denaturacije (5 min na 95 °C), praćene sa 30 ciklusa denaturacije (30 s na 95 °C), hibridizacije (30 s na 60 °C za konzervativne gene i 55 °C za gen virulentnosti Aave_1548) i elongacije (30 s za konzervativne gene i 90 s za gen Aave_1548 na 72 °C); i finalne elongacije (5 min na 72 °C). Amplifikovani produkti su sekvencirani u Eurofins Genomics (Hamburg, Nemačka). Kvalitet dobijenih sekvenci je manuelno pregledan, nakon čega je za svaki od četiri testirana soja napravljena multigenska sekvenca na osnovu svih sekvenciranih gena. Multigenske sekvence testiranih i referentnih sojeva A. citrulli preuzetih iz baze podataka Nacionalnog c
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- 2023
15. Nematofauna of the Natural Park “Devil’s Town”
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Oro, Violeta, Oro, Violeta, Pisinov, Boris, Trkulja, Nenad, Stanisavljević, Rade, Belosevic, Svetlana, Tabaković, Marijenka, Sekulić, Zoran, Oro, Violeta, Oro, Violeta, Pisinov, Boris, Trkulja, Nenad, Stanisavljević, Rade, Belosevic, Svetlana, Tabaković, Marijenka, and Sekulić, Zoran
- Abstract
“Devil’s Town” is a natural park dominated by broadleaf deciduous trees, and made up of two rare natural phenomena in the world: earthen statues, as specific forms of relief, and two springs of highly acidic water with high mineralization. Devil’s Town is a “biodiversity star” with a unique ambient, flora, fauna, and microbiome. The research aimed to: investigate the concentration of chemical parameters in the soil of the natural park, identify nematodes that can survive in extreme conditions, explore feeding habits of nematodes, and infer phylogenetic relationships of nematodes based on 28S rRNA sequences. Soil samples were collected from two sites, designated Soil under vegetation and Saxon mine soil, from which nematodes were discovered. Phylogenetic analyses were performed with 28S rRNA gene primers, using Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. The presence of minerals and heavy metals, combined with high acidity created extreme environmental conditions in which specific nematode species can survive. These circumstances favored fast-moving species with teeth and spears, such as mononchids and dorylaimids, enabling them to adopt predatory feeding behavior. In contrast, Acrobeloides, Prismatolaimus, Rhabditis spp. etc., are saprobionts adapted to specific chemical pollutants, and they tolerate high levels of Pb, Zn, Fe, Cu, Cd and As.
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- 2023
16. Influence of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria on quality parameters of pepper seed from Serbia
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Živković, Ivana, Živković, Ivana, Iličić, Renata, Barać, Goran, Damnjanović, Jelena, Cvikić, Dejan, Trkulja, Nenad, Popović Milovanović, Tatjana, Živković, Ivana, Živković, Ivana, Iličić, Renata, Barać, Goran, Damnjanović, Jelena, Cvikić, Dejan, Trkulja, Nenad, and Popović Milovanović, Tatjana
- Abstract
The present study focused on detecting bacteria of the Xanthomonas spp. complex (X. euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria, X. perforans and X. gardneri) and examining their influence on certain quality parameters of pepper seed collected from the territory of Smederevska Palanka (Serbia). The analysis included 27 non-commercial pepper seed genotypes (including chili and sweet pepper) collected in 2021. Several parameters of the quality of analyzed pepper seed (germination energy, total germination, moisture and seed health) were determined. The results showed that out of a total of 27 analyzed samples of pepper seed, the presence of X. euvesicatoria was detected in 13 of them. The presence of X. vesicatoria, X. gardneri and X. perforans was not confirmed. Germination energy of infected seed was 52-84%, and of bacteria-free seed 63-90%; total germination of infected seed was 66-91%, and of bacteria-free seed 80-95%. Seed moisture of infected seed samples was 6.1-12%, and of bacteria-free seed 6.2-8.1%. These parameters did not show significant statistical difference (p>0.05). The presence of seed-borne fungi Fusarium sp. accounted for up to 3% in 25 samples, while it was up to 6% in the remaining two; Alternaria sp. ranked from 1-4% in 25 samples, and up to 5% in only two samples. The results led to a conclusion that the bacterium X. euvesicatoria is the predominant pathogen of the Xanthomonas spp. complex, but it did not affect the quality parameters of the tested pepper seed., U ovom radu izvršena je detekcija bakterija iz kompleksa Xanthomonas (X. euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria, X. perforans i X. gardneri) i ispitan uticaj prisustva bakterija na određene parametre kvaliteta semena paprike poreklom sa teritorije Smederevske Palanke (Srbija). Analiza je obuhvatila 27 nekomercijalnih genotipova semena paprike (uključujući čili i slatku papriku) prikupljenih u sezoni 2021. godine. U radu su ocenjeni parametri kvaliteta semena paprike i to energija klijanja, ukupna klijavost, vlaga i zdravstvena ispravnost. Rezultati su pokazali da je od ukupno 27 analiziranih uzoraka semena paprike, prisustvo X. euvesicatoria detektovano kod ukupno 13 uzoraka. Prisustvo X. vesicatoria, X. gardneri i X. perforans nije utvrđeno ni u jednom uzorku semena paprike. Energija klijanja zaraženog semena je iznosila od 52-84%, a kod semena bez prisustva bakterija od 63-90%; ukupna klijavost u zaraženom semenu je bila od 66-91%, a u semenu bez prisustva bakterija 80-95%. Vlažnost semena u zaraženim uzorcima je iznosila 6,1-12%, a u uzorcima bez prisustva bakterija između 6,2-8,1%. Utvrđivani parametri kvaliteta se nisu značajno razlikovali na statističkom nivou (p>0,05). Prisustvo fitopatogenih gljiva koje se prenose semenom je utvrđeno u svim uzorcima semena paprike, i to Fusarium sp. do 3% kod ukupno 25 uzoraka, dok je kod dva uzorka zaraza bila i do 6%; prisustvo Alternaria sp. je bilo od 1-4% kod ukupno 25, a kod dva uzorka više, do 5%. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da je bakterija X. euvesicatoria dominantan patogen iz kompleksa Xanthomonas vrsta, ali da utvrđeno prisustvo nije značajno uticalo na parametre kvaliteta semena paprike
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- 2023
17. Molecular and experimental evidence of multi-resistance of Cercospora beticola field populations to MBC, DMI and QoI fungicides
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Trkulja, Nenad R., Milosavljević, Anja G., Mitrović, Milana S., Jović, Jelena B., Toševski, Ivo T., Khan, Mohamed F. R., and Secor, Gary A.
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- 2017
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18. BIOCONTROL ABILITY OF BACILLUS HALOTOLERANS AGAINST STONE FRUIT PATHOGENS
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Iličić, Renata, Popović Milovanović, Tatjana, Jelušić, Aleksandra, Bagi, Ferenc, Trkulja, Nenad, Živković, Ivana, Stanković, Slaviša, Iličić, Renata, Popović Milovanović, Tatjana, Jelušić, Aleksandra, Bagi, Ferenc, Trkulja, Nenad, Živković, Ivana, and Stanković, Slaviša
- Abstract
The biocontrol ability of Bacillus halotolerans strain B33 against the most significant stone fruit bacterial and fungal pathogens was investigated under in vitro conditions. The results indicate that the inhibition zone toward bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni originating from peach and apricot (strains Xp219 and Xp320, respectively) ranged from 20 to 45 mm in diameter, depending of the used B. halotolerans concentration. B. halotolerans B33 did not inhibit the growth of bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (strains RE05 and RE3 originating from sweet cherry), P. s. pv. morsprunorum race 1 (strain Pm5 originating from sweet cherry and Pm26 from plum) and P. cerasi (strain RE10 originating from wild cherry). In the case of fungal pathogen Monilinia fructicola strain 116, 41.66−61.00% growth inhibition was observed when pure culture of B. halotolerans was used. From the obtained results in this work, B. halotolerans strain B33 could be recommended to be potentially used as a suitable biocontrol agent for the control of Xanthomonads plant pathogenic bacteria and Monilinia spp. on stone fruit.
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- 2022
19. ACIDOVORAX CITRULLI – RIZIK OD DALJEG ŠIRENJA U SRBIJI
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Popović Milovanović, Tatjana, Iličić, Renata, Zečević, Katarina, Trkulja, Nenad, Marković, Sanja, Jelušić, Aleksandra, Milovanović, Predrag, Popović Milovanović, Tatjana, Iličić, Renata, Zečević, Katarina, Trkulja, Nenad, Marković, Sanja, Jelušić, Aleksandra, and Milovanović, Predrag
- Abstract
Fitopatogena bakterija Acidovorax citrulli, prouzrokovač bakteriozne mrljavosti plodova lubenice prvi put je detektovana u Srbiji 2014. godine u Bačkoj i Sremu. Zbog ekonomskog značaja u regionu Evropske unije je svrstana na A1 listu karantinskih organizama (Evropska i mediteranska organizacija za zaštitu bilja), a u Srbiji na Listu IA deo I (Službeni glasnik 57/15). Distribucija zaraženog semena predstavlja najvažniji izvor inokuluma A. citrulli, pa se kontrola patogena prvenstveno bazira na testiranje zdravstvenog stanja semena. Osim ove mere preporučuje se i uklanjanje potencijalnih domaćina ove bakterije u polju (samoniklih i korovskih vrsta Cucurbitacae), uvođenje plodoreda, kao i hemijska zaštita fungicidima na bazi bakra. Međutim, iako se u Srbiji redovno sprovode mere eradikacije na lokalitetima gde je utvrđeno prisustvo A. citrulli, kao i redovna kontrola semena iz uvoza i program mera za zaštitu zdravlja bilja, simptomi bolesti se u pojedinim lokalitetima i dalje javljaju. Stoga, cilj ovog rada je praćenje, izolacija i identifikacija A. citrulli na plodovima lubenice sa simptomima bakteriozne mrljavosti u dvogodišnjem periodu (2021-2022. godina). Tokom 2021. na lokalitetu Ašanja i 2022. godine na lokalitetu Hrtkovci beleženi su simptomi bakteriozne mrljavosti lubenice. Izolacija prouzrokovača je vršena na hranljivu podlogu obogaćenu 5% saharozom. Brojne bakterijske kolonije, među kojima su dominirale sitne, beličaste, okrugle, sjajne i ispupčene kolonije formirale su se nakon tri dana inkubacije. Za rad je odabrano 10 izolata po godini/lokalitetu, a kao uporedni sojevi poslužili su A. citrulli dobijeni 2014. (lokalitet Čelarevo) i 2018. (lokalitet Šabac). Patogenost je dokazana na plodovima lubenice, pojavom tamno-zelenih, vlažnih pega 3-5 dana nakon injektiranja bakterijske suspenzije u mezokarp. Metodom lančane reakcije polimeraze (PCR) korišćenjem A. citrulli specifičnog para prajmera BX-L1/BX-S-R2 amplifikovani su fragmenti veličine 279 bp kod svih isp
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- 2022
20. Detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Phaseoli and Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. Phaseolicola on bean seed using a Milk-tween medium
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Popović Tatjana, Ignjatov Maja, Jošić Dragana, Starović Mira, Živković Svetlana, Aleksić Goran, and Trkulja Nenad
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bacteria ,beans ,Pseudomonas ,seeds ,Xanthomonas ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Bean production is threaten by phytopathogenic bacteria causing agents of blights, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap) and Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola (Psp). Since there is no satisfactory chemical control for the disease, the recommended measures are preventive and include use of healthy seed, crop rotation, deep plowing and use of resistant cultivars. In this work we involved a detection method for isolation of Xap and Psp from bean seed to semi-selective medium Milk Agar Tween (MT). On this medium, Xap formed yellow, mucoid and convex colonies with two hydrolysis zones (less milk and more enlightened), and Psp formed whitish-cream, flat and round colonies. The identification of Xap and Psp was confirmed using the ELISA and PCR. Due to its selectivity, easy preparation and possibility of simultaneous detection of bacteria Xap and Psp, MT medium can be recommended for routine test of seed health for local seed or seed from import.
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- 2012
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21. Using molecular markers in the identification of different genotypes of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)
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Terzic, Dragan, primary, Stanisavljevic, Rade, additional, Zivanovic, Tomislav, additional, Tabakovic, Marijenka, additional, Trkulja, Nenad, additional, Markovic, Jordan, additional, Postic, Dobrivoj, additional, and Strbanovic, Ratibor, additional
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- 2022
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22. Germination and the Initial Seedling Growth of Lettuce, Celeriac and Wheat Cultivars after Micronutrient and a Biological Application Pre-Sowing Seed Treatment
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Poštić, Dobrivoj, primary, Štrbanović, Ratibor, additional, Tabaković, Marijenka, additional, Popović, Tatjana, additional, Ćirić, Ana, additional, Banjac, Nevena, additional, Trkulja, Nenad, additional, and Stanisavljević, Rade, additional
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- 2021
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23. Characterisation of benzimidazole resistance of Cercospora beticola in Serbia using PCR-based detection of resistance-associated mutations of the β-tubulin gene
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Trkulja, Nenad, Ivanović, Žarko, Pfaf-Dolovac, Erika, Dolovac, Nenad, Mitrović, Milana, Toševski, Ivo, and Jović, Jelena
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- 2013
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24. Antifungal activities of PGPR bacteria against Macrophomina phaseolina
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Dervišević, Marina, Đorđević, Nikola, Milosavljević, Anja, Trkulja, Nenad, and Đorđević, Snežana
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PGPR bacteria ,antifungal activities - Abstract
Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is a widespread phytopathogenic fungus that infects over 500 plant species and can survive as a saprophyte in the soil for many years. Considering that, due to the development of resistance, chemical fungicides often do not produce good results, as well as the negative effects of these compounds on the environment and human health, the potential of the microbiological activity of bacterial isolates to control M. phaseolina has been researched on sugar beet Poster presented at the conference Geneva Eurosoil [https://www.postersessiononline.eu/173580348_eu/congresos/Eurosoil2021/aula/-PO_35_Eurosoil2021.pdf]
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- 2021
25. Efikasnost autohtonih bakterijskih izolata u suzbijanju Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
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Dervišević, Marina, Đorđević, Nikola, Knežević, Isidora, Trkulja, Nenad, Milosavljević, Anja, and Đorđević, Snežana
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Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) ,trulež ,skladištenje - Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.), prouzrokovač bele truleži, široko je rasprostranjena i prouzrokuje štete na više od 400 biljaka domaćina, uključujući brojne ratarske i povrtarske biljke, kako u polju, tako i u skladišnim uslovima. Kako plodored i hemijske metode, često nisu dovoljno efikasni u kontroli ovog patogena, cilj ovog rada bio je da se ispita efikasnost bakterijskih izolata roda Bacillus u suzbijanju S. sclerotiorum. Antagonistička aktivnost 6 autohtonih bakterijskih izolata (Bacillus subtilis Z3, Bacillus mojavensis 5B2, Bacillus mojavensis R6, Bacillus firmus S5, Bacillus proteolyticus 7E i Bacillus thuringiensis 109 /18 1.) ispitivana je metodom dvojne kultivacije. U Petri kutijama sa krompir-dekstroznim agarom (PDA) zasejani su fragmenti (Ø8 mm) izolata S. sclerotiorum, a potom su bakteriološkom ezom, na udaljenosti 3 cm od fragmenata gljiva, naneti bakterijski sojevi. U kontrolnom tretmanu, naneti su fragmenti micelije izolata fitopatogene gljjive bez prisustva bakterijskog soja. Ogled je izveden u tri ponavljanja po tretmanu. Očitavanje 35 rezultata je urađeno nakon inkubacije u trajanju od 7 dana na temperaturi od 25 ± 1oC, merenjem prečnika inhibicije. Bakterijski sojevi koji su pokazali najveću efikasnost u ovom testu, ispitivani su i u biotestovima na listovima kupusa i krtolastom povrću (mrkva i paštrnak) u laboratorijskim uslovima. Bakterijski izolati Bacillus mojavensis 5B2, Bacillus mojavensis R-6 i Bacillus thuringiensis 109/18 1. pokazali su antifungalnu aktivnost prema Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Najveći procenat inhibicije (PIRG) zabeležen je kod Bacillus mojavensis R6 (56.47%), zatim kod B. mojavensis 5B2 (49.41%) i B. thuringiensis 109/18 1. (48.24%), dok Bacillus subtilis Z3, Bacillus firmus S5 i Bacillus proteolyticus 7E nisu pokazali antifungalnu aktivnost prema S. sclerociorum. U biotestovima, bakterijski sojevi Bacillus mojavensis R6, B. mojavensis 5B2 i B. thuringiensis 109/18 1. inhibirali su porast micelije i sklerocija i na taj način sprečili razvoj S. sclerotiorum, za razliku od kontrolnih tretmana u kojima je došlo do formiranja karakterističnih simptoma koje ovaj patogen prouzrokuje. Iz tog razloga, ovi bakterijski sojevi mogu biti potencijalni biološki agensi za kontrolu S. sclerotiorum, na ekološki prihvatljiv i siguran način.
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- 2021
26. Antagonistička aktivnost bakterijskih izolata roda Bacillus prema Botrytis cinerea
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Đorđević, Nikola, Dervišević, Marina, Knežević, Isidora, Trkulja, Nenad, Milosavljević, Anja, and Đorđević, Snežana
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Botrytis cinerea ,siva trulež ,staklenička i plastenička proizvodnja ,vinova loza ,voće ,povrće - Abstract
Botrytis cinerea, prouzrokovač sive truleži, široko je rasprostranjen i štetan patogen na velikom broju biljaka, uključujući vinovu lozu i voće, kao i povrće, naročito u stakleničkoj i plasteničkoj proizvodnji. Za suzbijanje ovog patogena primenjuju se različiti fungicidi hemijske prirode, a u poslednje vreme, primenu nalaze i brojni biokontrolni agensi, uključujući bakterije roda Bacillus, zbog čega je cilj ovog rada bio da se ispita antifungalna aktivnost bakterijskih sojeva u suzbijanju Botrytis cinerea. U ovom istraživanju, korišćeno je 12 bakterijskih sojeva roda Bacillus (Bacillus velezensis 31/18 RK 1-1, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 31/18 RK 1-2, Bacillus licheniformis 31/18 RS-9, Bacillus mojavensis 31/18 5b2, Bacillus aerius 92/17 7, Bacillus marisflavi 6E, Bacillus pumilus W27-2, Bacillus macroides W29-5, Bacillus megaterium S1, Bacillus thuringiensis BCE, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B002, Bacillus proteolyticus 7E). Antifungalna aktivnost ispitivanih sojeva roda Bacillus prema Botrytis cinerea, testirana je u laboratorijskim uslovima, metodom 68 dvojne kultivacije, a nakon 7 dana inkubacije očitavani su rezultati. Svi ispitivani sojevi bakterija, testirani su i na plodovima krastavca, u različitim koncentracijama primene (1%, 0,5% i 0,1%). Rezultati ispitivanja antifungalne aktivnosti bakterijskih sojeva roda Bacillus prema B. cinerea pokazali su da je najveći procenat inhibicije od 57,7% zabeležen kod Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 31/18 RK 1-2, zatim 50,7% kod Bacillus velezensis 31/18 RK 1-1 i 45,4% kod Bacillus mojavensis 31/18 5b2, dok su ostali sojevi pokazali manju inhibitornu aktivnost. U bitestu na plodovima krastavca najbolji rezultati su zabeleženi u tretmanu sa Bacillus licheniformis 31/18 RS-9 gde je rast micelije B. cinerea zaustavljen u tretmanima sa svakom od primenjenih koncentracija. Takođe, dobro antagonističko delovanje pokazalo se i kod Bacillus mojavensis 31/18 5b2 pri primenjenim koncentracijama 1 i 0.5%. Iz tog razloga, bakterije roda Bacillus imaju dobar potencijal za upotrebu u suzbijanju fitopatogene gljive B. cinerea.
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- 2021
27. Germination and the initial seedling growth of lettuce, celeriac and wheat cultivars after micronutrient and a biological application pre-sowing seed treatment
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Poštić, Dobrivoj, Poštić, Dobrivoj, Štrbanović, Ratibor, Tabaković, Marijenka, Popović, Tatjana, Ćirić, Ana, Banjac, Nevena, Trkulja, Nenad, Stanisavljević, Rade, Poštić, Dobrivoj, Poštić, Dobrivoj, Štrbanović, Ratibor, Tabaković, Marijenka, Popović, Tatjana, Ćirić, Ana, Banjac, Nevena, Trkulja, Nenad, and Stanisavljević, Rade
- Abstract
Seed treatments with zinc, boron, biostimulant Coveron and MIX (zinc + boron + Coveron) were applied to three lettuce and three celeriac cultivars. Seeds of three wheat cultivars were treated under laboratory conditions with Trichoderma harzianum and eight Bacillus spp. Seed germination, seedling growth, and the presence of the following pathogens were determined: Fusarium sp., Al-ternaria sp., Penicillium sp., and Mucor sp. The Coveron treatment was the most effective on lettuce seeds tested in the germination cabinet. Seed germination was higher by 4% than in the control. Alternatively, germination of seeds treated with boron in the greenhouse was higher by 12% than in the control. The Coveron treatment had the highest effect on the shoot length, which was greater by 0.7 and 2.1 cm in the germination cabinet and the greenhouse, respectively. This treatment was also the most effective on the root length. Zn, B, and MIX treatments increased celeriac seed germination by 14% in the germination cabinet. The Zn treatment was the most efficient on seeds tested in the greenhouse. The germination was higher by 15%. A significant cultivar × treatment interaction was determined in both observed species under both conditions. The maximum effect on wheat seed germination (8%) was achieved with the T. harzianum treatment in the Salazar cultivar. A significant interdependence (p ≤ 0.01 to p ≤ 0.001) was established between seed germination and the seedling growth. The interrelationship between seed germination and pathogens of all cultivars was negative.
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- 2021
28. Erwix – biobaktericid na bazi Bacillus subtilis za suzbijanje Erwinia sp.
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Đorđević, Snežana, Dervišević, Marina, Trkulja, Nenad, Đorđević, Nikola, Mandić, Violeta, Knežević, Isidora, Đorđević, Snežana, Dervišević, Marina, Trkulja, Nenad, Đorđević, Nikola, Mandić, Violeta, and Knežević, Isidora
- Abstract
U Srbiji, poljoprivredna proizvodnja se i dalje najviše oslanja na hemijske pesticide u sprečavanju i kontroli E. amylovora. Međutim, imajući u vidu da su antibiotici zabranjeni, kao i da se sve veći broj hemijskih jedinjenja isključuje iz upotrebe zbog razvoja rezistentnosti, štetnosti po neciljane organizme i životnu sredinu, primena preparata Erwix u suzbijanju bakteriozne plamenjače, jednog od najznačajnijeg patogena jabučastog voćaka, predstavlja odličnu alternativu hemijskim preparatima, zbog niza prednosti u odnosu na jedinjenja hemijske prirode. Erwix sadrži saprofitnu bakteriju Bacillus subtilis. Ova bakterija spada u grupu sigurnih bezopasnih bakterija za životnu sredinu i čoveka (GRAS – General Recognized As Safety). Erwix nije toksičan za pčele, nema karencu i preporučuje se za organsku i konvencionalnu poljoprivrednu proizvodnju. Ovo tehničko rešenje je bazirano na proizvodnji i primeni bakterijskog biobaktericida Erwix u cilju prevencije zaraze i procene efikasnosti ovog preparata u suzbijanju E. amylovora na jabučastom voću.
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- 2021
29. Slavol S - biostimulator na bazi auksina poreklom iz PGRP bakterija
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Đorđević, Snežana, Mandić, Violeta, Đorđević, Nikola, Dervišević, Marina, Trkulja, Nenad, Đorđević, Snežana, Mandić, Violeta, Đorđević, Nikola, Dervišević, Marina, and Trkulja, Nenad
- Abstract
Neki opšti postupci u pripremi semena poznati su našim poljoprivrednim proizvođačima. Međutim, kod nas i u regionu nije u velikoj meri zastupljena primena prirodnih bakterijskih biostimulatora rasta na semenu, kao što nije ni razvijena njihova tehnologija proizvodnje. S druge strane, jedan od najefikasnijih načina povećanja klijavosti semena i sigurnost u setvi pruža inokulacija semena biostimulatorima. Uglavnom su u primeni hemijski i mikrobiološki biostimulatori poreklom iz Evrope i Amerike različitih komercijalnih naziva. Ovo tehničko rešenje je bazirano na proizvodnji i primeni bakterijskog biostimulatora u cilju pospešivanja klijanja semena i ožiljavanja klijanaca i mladih biljaka. Izolacija Bacillus spp. urađena je klasičnom mikrobiološkom metodom iz rizosfere kukuruza, a daljom genetičkom karakterizacijom vrsta (B. subtilis i B. megaterium) dobijena je baza za pripremu, testiranje i proizvodnju novog proizvoda pod nazivom Slavol S. Sve prethodno navedeno ima za cilj da se poveća klijavost semena i ožiljavanje klijanaca i mladih biljaka što će na kraju uticati i na sam prinos u poljoprivrednom smislu. Akcenat se stavlja na to da su pravilna gustina setve i broj biljaka po jedinici površine veoma važni za ostvarivanje visokih i stabilnih prinosa što je za proizvođače i najbitnije. Osim toga, bolji početni porast biljaka povećava njihovu otpornost na stres izazvan abiotičkim i biotičkim faktorima, pre svega nepovoljnim klimatskim i zemljišnim uslovima. Nažalost kod nas u biljnoj proizvodnji inokulaciju semena mikrobiološkim biostimulatorima sprovodi mali broj poljoprivrednih proizvođača usled loše finansijske situacije u agraru, ali i nedovoljne njihove edukacije i male reklamne kampanje. Na teritoriji Republike Srbije uglavnom su na tržištu zastupljeni biostimulatori čija je osnova sintetički auksin. Za razliku od njih, Slavol S je biostimulator baziran na prirodnom auksinu (indol-3-sirćetna kiselina) poreklom iz bakterija.
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- 2021
30. Characterisation of a 16SrII phytoplasma strain associated with bushy stunt of hawkweed oxtongue (Picris hieracioides) in south-eastern Serbia and the role of the leafhopper Neoaliturus fenestratus (Deltocephalinae) as a natural vector
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Mitrović, Milana, Jović, Jelena, Cvrković, Tatjana, Krstić, Oliver, Trkulja, Nenad, and Toševski, Ivo
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- 2012
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31. First Report of a Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Alternaria protenta on the Datura stramonium in Serbia
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Blagojević, J., Blagojević, J., Janjatović, Sanja, Ignjatov, Maja, Trkulja, Nenad, Gašić, Katarina, Ivanović, Žarko, Blagojević, J., Blagojević, J., Janjatović, Sanja, Ignjatov, Maja, Trkulja, Nenad, Gašić, Katarina, and Ivanović, Žarko
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- 2020
32. Molecular and experimental evidence of multi-resistance of Cercospora beticola field populations to MBC, DMI and QoI fungicides
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Trkulja, Nenad, Trkulja, Nenad, Milosavljević, Anja, Mitrović, Milana, Jović, Jelena, Toševski, Ivo, Khan, Mohamed F. R., Secor, Gary A., Trkulja, Nenad, Trkulja, Nenad, Milosavljević, Anja, Mitrović, Milana, Jović, Jelena, Toševski, Ivo, Khan, Mohamed F. R., and Secor, Gary A.
- Abstract
Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) caused by Cercospora beticola occurs annually in Serbia causing severe yield losses of sugar beet, which requires intensive use of fungicides. In recent years we have observed unsatisfactory control of CLS originating from northwestern Serbia. Frequency of C. beticola populations resistant to Quinone outside inhibitors (QoI) was 81% (51/63 isolates), 98% (62/63) to sterol-demethylation inbibitors (DMI) and 54% (34/63) to methyl-2-benzimidazole carbamate fungicides (MBC). The genetic basis underlying the resistance was tested by characterizing the cob, CYP51 and -tubulin genes, associated with resistance to QoI, DMI and MBC fungicides, respectively. Isolates that were resistant to QoI fungicides had the G143A mutation in the cob gene. Characterization of the CYP51 gene revealed seven diverse haplotypes; however, no correlation with sensitivity or resistance to DMI fungicides could be identified. Resistance to MBC fungicides was associated with the presence of the E198A mutation in the -tubulin gene of all resistant isolates. From a total of 63 isolates originating from sugar beet fields of northwestern Serbia, 62 isolates showed resistance to multiple modes of action. Three multi-resistant phenotypes were identified: MR1 (N = 29) - resistant to QoI and DMI fungicides (QoI-R and DMI-R) but sensitive to MBC fungicides (MBC-S); MR2 (N = 11, QoI-S, DMI-R and MBC-R); and MR3 (N = 22), resistant to all three groups of fungicides (QoI-R, DMI-R and MBC-R). This is the first report of C. beticola resistance to QoI fungicides in Serbia. This study revealed development of multi-resistance of C. beticola isolates to MBC, DMI and QoI fungicides, which represents the first record of this phenomenon in C. beticola populations.
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- 2017
33. Mogućnosti ublažavanja problema prehrambene nesigurnosti i siromaštva na afričkom kontinentu putem GMO tehnologije
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Bošković, Jelena, Trkulja, Nenad, Prodanović, Radivoj, Hyba Hamad Hyba, Hassan, Bošković, Jelena, Trkulja, Nenad, Prodanović, Radivoj, and Hyba Hamad Hyba, Hassan
- Abstract
Afrički kontinent se suočava sa ogromnim izazovima kao što su siromaštvo, bolesti, glad i prehrambena nesigurnost, što je dodatno pogoršano klimatskim promenama i brzim porastom stanovništva. Neki veruju da genetski modifikovani organizmi (GMO) i GM usevi mogu ponuditi deo rešenja za navedene probleme. Debata o GMO dobila je na značaju, s obzirom da su nedavne regulatorne izmene otvorile vrata za komercijalizaciju GM useva u nekim državama afričkog kontinenta. Međutim, nedovoljno se zna o mogućim uticajima GM useva na različite komponente afričke zajednice i na kvalitet života afričkog farmera. Cilj istraživanja je sagledati potencijalnu ulogu GM kultura u rešavanju nekih od sadašnjih i budućih izazova Afrike, uključujući uticaj biotehnologije na zdravlje ljudi, životnu sredinu, politiku i socioekonomiju i kvalitet života afričkog farmera. U istraživanje su uključene zemlje koje su komercijalizovale GM tehnologije, sprovode naučna istraživanja ili su u procesu razvoja regulatornih okvira i politika, koje se odnose na GM tehnologiju, uključujući Južnu Afriku, Burkinu Faso, Keniju, Nigeriju i druge zemlje. Uglavnom se koriste i obrađuju podaci sprovedenih studija među poljoprivrednim istraživačima, radnicima, državnim službenicima, nevladinim organizacijama, kreatorima politika i drugim, kao i publikacije međunarodnih organizacija od uticaja, poput Afričke unije, FAO i dr. Prikazani su i diskutovani rezultati praktičnih istraživanja, odnosno transformacije određenih transgena. Istraživanje se odnosi na implikacije uvođenja GM tehnologije u zemljama Afrike, kao i na analizu nivoa svesti, stavove, percepcije i prihvatanje GM useva među akterima i farmerima. U naučno-stručnoj javnosti preovladavaju pozitivni stavovi i percepcije prema genetski modifikovanim kulturama. Sagledavaju se promene vladinog i javnog stava, koji podržava GM tehnologije. Ipak, ne mali broj je onih koji izražavaju zabrinutost zbog potencijalnih okolišnih, trgovinskih i socio-ekonomskih efekata. Ide, The African continent faces enormous challenges such as poverty, hunger and food insecurity, illness, further exacerbated by climate change and a rapid increase in population. Some believe that genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and GM crops can offer part of the solution to these problems. The debate on GMOs has gained significance, given that recent regulatory changes have opened the doors for the commercialization of GM plants in some countries of the African continent. However, it is not known enough about the possible effects of GM crops on the various components of the African community and the quality of life of an African farmer. The aim of the research is to examine the potential role of GM cultures in addressing some of the present and future challenges of Africa, including the impact of biotechnology on human health, the environment, politics and socioeconomics, the quality of life of an African farmer. The survey includes countries that have implemented or are in the process of developing regulatory frameworks and policies relating to GM technology, including South Africa, Burkina Faso, Kenya, Nigeria and other countries. It is mainly used and processed data from studies conducted among agricultural researchers, workers, civil servants, NGOs, policymakers and others, as well as publications of international influential organizations such as the African Union, FAO, etc. The results of practical research, or the transformation of certain transgenes, are also discussed. The research relates to the implications of the introduction of GM technology in countries in Africa, as well as on the analysis of the level of awareness, attitudes, perceptions and acceptance of GM crops among actors and farmers. Positive attitudes and perceptions towards genetically modified cultures prevail in the scientific-professional public. Changes in government and public opinion, supported by GM technologies, are being examined. However, not a small number of those expressing c
- Published
- 2019
34. First Report of QoI Resistance in Botrytis cinerea Isolates Causing Gray Mold in Strawberry Fields in Serbia
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Trkulja, Nenad, Trkulja, Nenad, Pfaf-Dolovac, Erika, Milosavljević, Anja, Bosković, J., Jović, Jelena, Mitrović, Milana, Toševski, Ivo, Trkulja, Nenad, Trkulja, Nenad, Pfaf-Dolovac, Erika, Milosavljević, Anja, Bosković, J., Jović, Jelena, Mitrović, Milana, and Toševski, Ivo
- Published
- 2016
35. Seed Quality of Vetch (Vicia sativa) affected by Different Seed Colors and Sizes after Various Storage Periods
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Stanisavljević, Rade, Velijević, Nataša, Štrbanović, Ratibor, Poštić, Dobrivoj, Aleksić, Goran, Trkulja, Nenad, Knezević, Jasmina, and Dodig, Dejan
- Subjects
Seed ,Size ,Vetch ,Germination ,Seedling vigour ,Colour - Abstract
In many regions worldwide, vetch is an important forage crops for the production of fibrous feed. Vetch seed available on the south-eastern Europe market often differ in the size, colour and age, hence seed quality and seedling vigour are questionable. Seed samples of two vetch varieties were drawn from three lots during two years. According to these samples, seeds were classified into groups of three sizes and three colours. The effect of the seed size and colour on seed quality and seedling vigour was estimated immediately after harvest, and then nine, 21 and 33 months after harvest. The determined effects of seed size, colour and age, as well as of their interactions on seed quality and seedling vigour were significant. On the other hand, years, varieties, lots and their interactions did not significantly affect seed quality and seedling vigour. There were no significant differences in seed quality and seedling vigour over nine, 21 and 33 month storage periods, but the ageing test showed the significant differences among the duration of storage. Germination and vigour of seedlings were significantly higher in large seeds. Pale seeds had better quality after nine and 21 month storage period (time when the seed in the second year after harvesting should be sown), while seed quality was greater in dark seeds after 33 months of storage (time when the seed in the third year after harvesting should be sown). (C) 2018 Friends Science Publishers
- Published
- 2018
36. First Report of Cercospora armoraciae, Causal Agent of Cercospora Leaf Spot, on Horseradish in Serbia
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Trkulja, Nenad, Trkulja, Nenad, Milosavljević, Anja, Mitrović, Milana, Jović, Jelena, Toševski, Ivo, Trkulja, Nenad, Trkulja, Nenad, Milosavljević, Anja, Mitrović, Milana, Jović, Jelena, and Toševski, Ivo
- Published
- 2015
37. First Report of Cercospora violae Infecting the Garden Violet Viola odorata in Serbia.
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Trkulja, Nenad, Trkulja, Nenad, Milosavljević, Anja, Živković, Svetlana, Popović, Tatjana, Mitrović, Milana, Jović, Jelena, Toševski, Ivo, Trkulja, Nenad, Trkulja, Nenad, Milosavljević, Anja, Živković, Svetlana, Popović, Tatjana, Mitrović, Milana, Jović, Jelena, and Toševski, Ivo
- Published
- 2015
38. Discriminatory concentration assay to detection of low and high benzimidazole resistant isolates of Cercospora beticola
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Trkulja, Nenad, Trkulja, Nenad, Dolovac, Nenad, Milosavljević, Anja, Pfaf-Dolovac, Erika, Trkulja, Nenad, Trkulja, Nenad, Dolovac, Nenad, Milosavljević, Anja, and Pfaf-Dolovac, Erika
- Published
- 2014
39. Characterization of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Causal Agent of Citrus Blast of Mandarin in Montenegro
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Ivanović, Žarko, Ivanović, Žarko, Perović, Tatjana, Popović, Tatjana, Blagojević, Jovana, Trkulja, Nenad, Hrnčić, Snježana, Ivanović, Žarko, Ivanović, Žarko, Perović, Tatjana, Popović, Tatjana, Blagojević, Jovana, Trkulja, Nenad, and Hrnčić, Snježana
- Abstract
Citrus blast caused by bacterium Pseudomonas syringae is a very important disease of citrus occuring in many areas of the world, but with few data about genetic structure of the pathogen involved. Considering the above fact, this study reports genetic characterization of 43 P syringae isolates obtained from plant tissue displaying citrus blast symptoms on mandarin (Citrus reticulata) in Montenegro, using multilocus sequence analysis of gyrB, rpoD, and gapl gene sequences. Gene sequences from a collection of 54 reference pathotype strains of P syringae from the Plant Associated and Environmental Microbes Database (PAMDB) was used to establish a genetic relationship with our isolates obtained from mandarin. Phylogenetic analyses of gyrB, rpoD, and gapl gene sequences showed that P syringae pv. syringae causes citrus blast in mandarin in Montenegro, and belongs to genomospecies 1. Genetic homogeneity of isolates suggested that the Montenegrian population might be clonal which indicates a possible common source of infection. These findings may assist in further epidemiological studies of this pathogen and for determining mandarin breeding strategies for P syringae control.
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- 2017
40. Characterisation of benzimidazole resistance of Cercospora beticola in Serbia using PCR-based detection of resistance-associated mutations of the beta-tubulin gene
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Trkulja, Nenad, Trkulja, Nenad, Ivanović, Žarko, Pfaf-Dolovac, Erika, Dolovac, Nenad, Mitrović, Milana, Toševski, Ivo, Jović, Jelena, Trkulja, Nenad, Trkulja, Nenad, Ivanović, Žarko, Pfaf-Dolovac, Erika, Dolovac, Nenad, Mitrović, Milana, Toševski, Ivo, and Jović, Jelena
- Abstract
A survey to detect and characterise benzimidazole resistance within populations of Cercospora beticola in Serbia was performed. From 52 field isolates collected from sugar beet and beet root, only eight were found to be benzimidazole-sensitive based on the inhibition of mycelial growth by discriminatory concentrations of carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl. Sensitivity tests revealed the presence of three resistant phenotypes among the tested isolates: high-resistance (HR), low-resistance (LR) and moderate-resistance (MR). The benzimidazole resistant isolates were characterised based on the DNA sequence of the beta-tubulin gene and temperature sensitivity. The HR isolates showed no temperature sensitivity regardless of carbendazim concentration, whereas the LR and MR isolates were sensitive at lower temperatures. Analysis of the beta-tubulin gene sequence revealed two amino acid replacements in the benzimidazole-resistant isolates of C. beticola. One was a glutamic acid to alanine change at position 198 (codon GAG to GCG) that was identified in HR isolates; this mutation has previously been reported to be associated with the development of benzimidazole resistance in C. beticola. The second replacement was a novel point mutation of phenylalanine (TTC) to tyrosine (TAC) at position 167, identified in low and moderate benzimidazole-resistant isolates, sharing a single LR/MR beta-tubulin genotype. A diagnostic PCR-RFLP assay utilising a BsaI restriction site present in the benzimidazole sensitive and LR/MR genotypes but absent in the HR genotype was developed for the routine detection of high resistance. A mutation-specific PCR assay was developed for the diagnosis of LR/MR genotype based on a mutation from T to A at codon 167, which is unique to this genotype.
- Published
- 2013
41. Erwinia amylovora - prouzrokovač nekroze korenovog vrata stabla jabuke
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Gavrilović, Veljko, Milijašević, Svetlana, Todorović, Biljana, Živković, Svetlana, and Trkulja, Nenad
- Subjects
korenov vrat ,fungi ,Apple ,apple ,food and beverages ,lcsh:Plant culture ,necrosis ,Necrosis ,root collar ,jabuka ,Erwinia amylovora ,Root collar ,lcsh:SB1-1110 ,nekroza - Abstract
A large-scale outbreak of fire blight symptoms caused by Erwinia amylovora was recorded in pome fruit trees during 2007. In addition to fruit necrosis and shoot blight as the typical disease symptoms, dark purple necrosis was observed in the root collar area girdling the trunk just above the ground and thus withering the whole apple tree. Since similar symptoms on apple trees could be caused by E. amylovora or one of several phytopathogenic fungi of the genera Phomopsis and Phytophthora, an investigation was conducted to identify the causal agent of this disease. Levan-producing, nonfluorescent bacteria were isolated from diseased samples. The isolated strains produced HR in tobacco leaves and necrosis of artificially inoculated, immature pear fruits, followed by oozing of bacterial exudate, a characterisitic of E. amylovora. Based on the results of pathogenicity tests, biochemical characteristics, ELISA test and PCR analysis, it was confirmed that the investigated strains belonged to E. amylovora, causing the root collar necrosis of apple trees as an atypical symptom of this bacterium in Serbia. The explanation of this symptom may be that the vegetative rootstocks were infected with E. amylovora. Therefore, the development of diagnostic protocols for detection of E. amylovora in apple rootstock is very important for health inspections of planting materials. Tokom 2007. godine zabeležena je masovna pojava bakteriozne plamenjače jabučastih voćaka prouzrokovana bakterijom Erwinia amylovora. Pored nekroze plodova i plamenjače mladara, tipičnih simptoma bolesti, našu pažnju je privukla pojava nekroze mrkoljubičaste boje u zoni korenovog vrata, koja prstenasto zahvata prizemni deo i prouzrokuje izumiranje stabala jabuke. S obzirom na to da uzrok ovakvih patoloških promena može da bude E. amylovora, ali i fitopatogene gljive iz rodova Phomopsis i Phytophthora, preduzeta su istraživanja sa ciljem da se utvrdi etiologija ovog oboljenja jabuke. Iz obolelih uzoraka izolovane su bakterije koje stvaraju levan, ali ne i fluorescentni pigment. Proučavani sojevi prouzrokovali su HR na listovima duvana i nekrozu inokulisanih, nesazrelih plodova kruške, uz obilno stvaranje bakterijskog eksudata, što je karakterističan znak E. amylovora. Na osnovu rezultata dobijenih pri testovima provere patogenosti, ali i rezultata biohemijskih odlika, ELISA testa i molekularnih metoda (PCR), potvrđeno je da proučavani izolati pripadaju bakteriji E. amylovora, koja je uzročnik simptoma nekroze korenovog vrata stabala jabuke, prvi put zabeleženih u Srbiji. Moguće objašnjenje ove pojave je da su vegetativne podloge za kalemljenje bile inficirane ovom bakterijom. Zbog toga je veoma bitno razvijati dijagnostičke protokole za utvrđivanje prisustva E. amylovora u podlogama za kalemljenje jabuke, tokom procesa kontrole zdravstvene ispravnosti sadnog materijala.
- Published
- 2008
42. Characterization of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Causal Agent of Citrus Blast of Mandarin in Montenegro
- Author
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Ivanovic, Zarko, primary, Perovic, Tatjana, additional, Popovic, Tatjana, additional, Blagojevic, Jovana, additional, Trkulja, Nenad, additional, and Hrncic, Snjezana, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Morphological and breeding characteristics of Cercospora beticola isolates
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Trkulja, Nenad, Trkulja, Nenad, Blagojević, Jovana, Ivanović, Žarko, Milosavljević, Anja, Popović, Tatjana, Kuzmanović, Slobodan, Bošković, Jelena, Trkulja, Nenad, Trkulja, Nenad, Blagojević, Jovana, Ivanović, Žarko, Milosavljević, Anja, Popović, Tatjana, Kuzmanović, Slobodan, and Bošković, Jelena
- Abstract
Determination of breeding and morphological characteristics of C. beticola isolates was performed on PDA, MEA i CDA mediums. Determination of morphological characteristics were evaluated by monitoring mycelial growth, texture, color, edge and color of beneath of mycelium. Isolates growth on different temperatures was monitored on PDA medium on 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C and 40°C. There was a significant increase in variability of the isolates on PDA, MEA and CDA mediums, but there is a variability in the growth of different isolates of the same medium too. Isolates expressed the variation in color and the width of the edge zone during growth on different substrates. The mycelium texture was cottony on all surfaces, while the beneath was brown to dark-olive colour. At temperatures of 10°C and 40°C isolates of C. beticola did not develop mycelium, and the highest increase was recorded at 25°C., Utvrđivanje morfoloških i odgajivačkih karakteristika izolata C. beticola izvedeno je na KDA, MEA i CDA podlozi. Utvrđivanje morfoloških karakteristika obuhvatilo je praćenje porasta micelije, teksture, boje, ivične zone i boje naličja micelije. Porast izolata na različitim temperaturama praćen je na KDA podlozi na temperaturama 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C i 40°C. Utvrđena je značajna varijabilnost porasta izolata na KDA, MEA i CDA podlozi, a variabilnost postoji i u porastu različitih izolata na istoj podlozi. Izolati su ispoljili i variranje u boji i širini ivične zone tokom porasta na različitim podlogama. Tekstura micelije bila je pamučasta na svim podlogama, dok je boja sa naličja bila mrka do tamno-maslinasta. Na temperaturama 10°C i 40°C izolati C. beticola nisu razvijali miceliju, a najintenzivniji porast je ostvaren na 25°C.
- Published
- 2012
44. Prvi nalaz tumorogenih sojeva Agrobacterium radiobacter na malini u Srbiji
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Milijašević, Svetlana, Gavrilović, Veljko, Živković, Svetlana, Trkulja, Nenad, and Pulawska, Joanna
- Subjects
crown gall ,Identification ,agrobacterium ,lcsh:Plant culture ,malina ,tumorigenic agrobacterium ,Raspberry ,Crown gall ,PCR ,tumorogeni sojevi ,Tumorigenic Agrobacterium ,identifikacija ,identification ,lcsh:SB1-1110 ,bakteriozni rak korena ,raspberry - Abstract
During the spring of 2003, gall symptoms on the roots and crowns of young raspberry plants cv. Vilamette were observed near Valjevo. Phytopathogenic bacteria were isolated from diseased plant samples. Based on the pathogenic, morphological, differential biochemical and physiological characteristics, the isolated strains were identified as tumorigenic Agrobacterium radiobacter (biovar 1 Agrobacterium). In order to confirm the identity of isolated strains by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers complementary to tms2 gene located on the Ti plasmid were used. In the first PCR protocol using a tms2F1 + tms2R2 primer pair, 617 bp products specific for tumorigenic Agrobacterium strains were amplified. The second PCR protocol, using a tms2F1 + tms2B primer pair, amplified the expected 458 bp products. On the basis of multiplex PCR with primers complementary to chromosomal gene coding for 23S rRNA, the isolated strains were classified as biovar 1 Agrobacterium (A. radiobacter). This is the first report of tumorigenic A. radiobacter on raspberry in Serbia. Tokom proleća 2003. godine, zapaženi su tumori na korenu i korenovom vratu mladih biljaka maline sorte Vilamette u okolini Valjeva. Iz obolelih uzoraka izolovane su fitopatogene bakterije. Proučavanjem patogenih, morfoloških i diferencijalnih biohemijsko-fizioloških karakteristika izolovanih sojeva, utvrđeno je da proučavani sojevi pripadaju bakteriji Agrobacterium radiobacter (biovar 1). U cilju potvrde identiteta izolovanih sojeva lančanom reakcijom polimeraze (PCR), korišćeni su prajmeri komplementarni tms2 genu lociranom na Ti plazmidu. U prvoj PCR reakciji izvedenoj korišćenjem tms2F1 + tms2R2 para prajmera, detektovani su fragmenti nukleinske kiseline veličine 617 baznih parova (bp), specifični za tumorogene sojeve A. tumefaciens. U drugoj PCR reakciji korišćenjem para prajmera tms2F1 i tms2B su amplifikovani PCR produkti očekivane veličine 458 bp, karakteristični za ovu bakteriju. Na osnovu multiplex PCR reakcije korišćenjem prajmera komplementarnih na hromozomalni gen koji kodira 23S rRNA sojevi izolovani iz tumora na korenu maline svrstani su u biovar 1 Agrobacterium (A. radiobacter). Ovo je prvi nalaz ove bakterije na malini u Srbiji.
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- 2007
45. First Report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae on Pea (Pisum sativum) in Serbia
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Popović, Tatjana, Ivanović, Žarko, Trkulja, Nenad, Milosavljević, Anja, and Ignjatov, Maja
- Published
- 2015
46. First Report of Thielaviopsis thielavioides, A Causal Agent of Postharvest Blackening on Daucus carota in Serbia
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Milosavljević, Anja, Trkulja, Nenad, Popović, Tatjana, Ivanović, Žarko, Mitrović, Milana, Jović, Jelena, and Toševski, Ivo
- Published
- 2015
47. Enhancement of seed germination in three grass species using chemical and temperature treatments
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Stanisavljević, Rade, Štrbanović, Ratibor, Poštić, Dobrivoj, Trkulja, Nenad, Vučković, Savo, Radić, Vojo, and Dodig, Dejan
- Subjects
Sulphuric acid ,Forage grass seed ,Temperature ,Dormancy ,Germination - Abstract
Seeds of three forage plant species, cocksfoot, tall fescue and perennial ryegrass with good amount of dormancy were chemically treated (25%, 50%, 75% and 98% H2SO4) for different durations and exposed to different temperatures (40 degrees C, 50 degrees C, 60 degrees C, 70 degrees C, 80 degrees C and 90 degrees C) for varying periods with an aim to decrease seed dormancy and increase seed germination. Three groups of seeds based on after ripening period of 0, 3 and 8 months were subjected to these treatments. Immediately after harvest, germination of cocksfoot and tall fescue seeds increased by 24%, but only 13% in perennial ryegrass. Three months after harvest it was possible to increase germination by 20% (cocksfoot), 18% (tall fescue) and 6% (perennial ryegrass). Eight months after harvest it was still possible to increase seed germination of cocksfoot and tall fescue by 4-5% whereas, in ryegrass dormancy was completely lost after 8 months storage
- Published
- 2015
48. Frequency of resistance Cercospora beticola (Sacc.) populations to benzimidazole and DMI fungicides
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Trkulja, Nenad, Trkulja, Nenad, Dolovac, Nenad, Pfaf-Dolovac, Erika, Stevanović, Miloš, Ivanović, Žarko, Štrbanović, Ratibor, Živković, Svetlana, Trkulja, Nenad, Trkulja, Nenad, Dolovac, Nenad, Pfaf-Dolovac, Erika, Stevanović, Miloš, Ivanović, Žarko, Štrbanović, Ratibor, and Živković, Svetlana
- Abstract
Cercospora leaf spot is the most important disease that occurs on sugar beet in the world. Damages caused by this disease can reduce yields up to 50 %. Resistance to the group of benzimidazole fungicide was determined in 1976. Last twenty years their use has been reduced but they're still used, mainly formulated in mixture with fungicides - sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMI). Sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMI) have been used extensively in the last two decades to control C. beticola in the world, and resistance to them was observed in 2000. The results showed that populations of C. beticola resistant to benzimidazole are present in sugar beet fields and are the dominant population, with the prevalence of resistance 83.87 - 94.28 %. The frequency of resistance to DMI fungicides is smaller, but highly significant and amounts to 12.90 - 14.29 %., Pegavost lišća šećerne repe je najznačajnija bolest koja se javlja na šećernoj repi u svetu. Štete koje nastaju usled pojave bolesti mogu smanjiti prinos i do 50%. Prema fungicidima iz grupe benzimidazola rezistentnost je utvrđena 1976. godine. Poslednjih dvadeset godina njihova upotreba je redukovana, ali se i dalje koriste uglavnom formulisani u mešavini sa fungicidima inhibitorima sinteze sterola (DMI). Fungicidi inhibitori demetilacije sterola (DMI), se zadnje dve decenije intenzivno koriste za suzbijanje C. beticola u svetu, a pojava rezistentnosti prema njima konstatovana je 2000. godine. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da su populacije C. beticola rezistentne prema benzimidazolima prisutne na poljima šećerne repe i čine dominantnu populaciju uz učestalost rezistentnosti 83.87 - 94.28 %. Učestalost rezistentnosti prema DMI fungicidima je manja, ali veoma značajna i iznosi 12.90 - 14.29 %.
- Published
- 2011
49. Stolbur phytoplasma infection of kale crops (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera L.) in Serbia
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Trkulja, Nenad, Trkulja, Nenad, Ivanović, Žarko, Pfaf-Dolovac, Erika, Dolovac, Nenad, Živković, Svetlana, Jović, Jelena, Mitrović, Milana, Trkulja, Nenad, Trkulja, Nenad, Ivanović, Žarko, Pfaf-Dolovac, Erika, Dolovac, Nenad, Živković, Svetlana, Jović, Jelena, and Mitrović, Milana
- Abstract
Kale plants (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera L.) showing symptoms of reddening on leaf and petioles and overall stunting were found on locality Pancevo (south Banat) during inspection on vegetable crops carried out in 2010 in Serbia. The phytoplasma associated with the disease was detected through nested PCR with primer pairs P1/P7 and R16F2n/R2 followed by RFLP analysis with restriction enzyme Msel. A total of 10 symptomatic and 4 asymptomatic plants were collected and analyzed for the presence of phytoplasma. Nested PCR amplified 16S ribosomal RNA fragments of phytoplasma in all samples of kale with symptoms, while all asymptomatic plants tested negative. Digestion with Msel identified in infected kale the same pattern as a reference strain of stolbur phytoplasma belonging to 16SrXII-A group. Amplification of the elongation factor tuf gene and digestion with HpaII restriction enzyme was performed for genotype differentiation of stolbur phytoplasmas detected in kale. Digestion of tuf gene indicated presence of tuf-type b of stolbur phytoplasma in all symptomatic kale plants. This is the first report of stolbur phytoplasma infecting kale crops in Serbia.
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- 2011
50. Efficacy of fungicides for control Monilinia laxa (Ader. i Ruhl.) in cheery orchard during the two-year study: 2008-2009
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Trkulja, Nenad, Trkulja, Nenad, Aleksić, Goran, Starović, Mira, Dolovac, Nenad, Ivanović, Žarko, Savić, Dušan, Gavrilović, Veljko, Trkulja, Nenad, Trkulja, Nenad, Aleksić, Goran, Starović, Mira, Dolovac, Nenad, Ivanović, Žarko, Savić, Dušan, and Gavrilović, Veljko
- Abstract
Monilinia laxa (Ader. i Ruhl.) the causer agent of brown rot of stone fruit is widespread in all growing regions in Serbia. The disease severity depends of weather condition. Extended period of flowering and heavy precipitation are suitable for disease progress. The testing of fungicides for control M. laxa were carried out in two localities investigation during 2008 and 2009. The trials were set according to methods by OEEP/EPPO. The fungicide groups dicarboximides, benzimidazols and DMIs showed high efficiency in disease control., Monilinia laxa (Ader. i Ruhl.), prouzrokovač sušenja cvetova i grančica koštičavog voća rasprostranjena je svuda gde se gaje ove voćne vrste. Ovo oboljenje se na našim prostorima redovno javlja na koštičavom voću, a intenzitet pojave zavisi od vremenskih uslova. Produžen period cvetanja i obilne količine padavina pogoduju razvoju bolesti, a štete u takvim godinama mogu biti značajne. Tokom 2008. i 2009. godine na dva lokaliteta ispitivana je efikasnost fungicida koji se koriste za suzbijanje M. laxa u našoj zemlji. Ogledi su postavljeni po OEEP/EPPO metodama. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na veoma visok stepen efikasnosti fungicida iz grupa dikarboksimida, benzimidazola i DMI (inhibitori demetilacije sterola) fungicida.
- Published
- 2010
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