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137 results on '"Triscari, M"'

1. LEAD STANNATE AS COMPONENT OF ANTIQUE YELLOW GLASSY TESSERAE FROM SICILIAN MOSAICS

Author

Di Bella, M., Sabatino, G., Mastelloni, M. A., Italiano, F., Triscari, M., Marciano, G., Mottese, A. F., and Tripodo, A.

Subjects
SEM-EDS, XRD, yellow glass, mosaic tesserae, Sicily, Roman age, lead stannate
Abstract

New investigations carried out on lead stannate (Pb2SnO4) and lead antimonate (Pb2Sb2O7) in yellow mosaic glassy tesserae from archaeological sites of Sicily (Taormina; Lipari, Tusa and Piazza Armerina), dated early than the 4th century AD, allow to confirm the presence of lead stannate in ancient glass dated before the 4th century. The two compounds have been used either as glass opacifiers and colorants. The different refractive index between fine crystals of these compounds and the amorphous glassy matrix, in which they are immerged, prevent the complete light transmittance, giving the typical opaque appearance to the glass. While lead antimonate was used to produce opaque yellow glass from the beginning of glass production up to the Roman period, it was replaced by lead stannate from about the 4th century AD up to the end of the Roman period. Although until today only Lahil et al. (2011) reported the presence of lead stannate in the glass tesserae dated before the 4th century AD, our new results confirm its presence in the investigated yellow tesserae from several mosaics of Sicily dated early than the 4th century AD.

Published
2022
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3. NEW SPECTROSCOPIC DATA ON 'MARMI MISCHI' BAROQUE GLASS DECORATIONS FROM 'PALLIUM ALTARIS' OF MESSINA (SICILY, ITALY)

Author

Di Bella, M., Sabatino, G., Giuliano, A., Italiano, F., Quartieri, S., Triscari, M., Magazu, S., and Tripodo, A.

Subjects
carcara glass, SEM-EDX, Sicilian Baroque,carcara glass, SEM-EDX, portable XRF, Messina, Sicilian Baroque, portable XRF, Messina
Abstract

The ―Marmi Mischi‖ (mixed glass mosaic tesserae) are artificial calcium-rich glass decorations, typically used in southern Italy and Sicily during the Baroque period (1600-1700) to decorate walls and altars of reli-gious edifices. In this study, we provide new archaeometric information on the raw materials, pigments and opacifying agents used to produce ―Marmi Mischi‖ of ―Pallium altaris‖ from the Messina Regional Museum. To reach this objective, all the studied glass decorations were analysed by means of non-destructive portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF). Some of the decorations were further subjected to Environmental scanning elec-tron microscopy (ESEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) in the laboratory. Two types of glasses were recognised. The first one – bluish green in colour – is a basic or slightly modified ―carcara glass‖, character-ized by high concentrations of P. The second type – dark blue, turquoise, light turquoise and red in colour – is a ―carcara glass‖ modified by craftsmen, containing high amounts of colouring agents (Cu, Pb, Sn, Sb). The presence of schreibersite in some of the analysed samples indicates that forming occurred in extremely reducing conditions and proves that the glasses were produced in CaO furnaces called ―carcara‖ and used to produce lime. Moreover, our results suggest that: i) the dark blue, turquoise and bluish green nuances are as a result of Fe2+, with minor contribution by Cu and Co; ii) the light turquoise nuance is related to Fe2+ and Cu2+, with minor contribution by Co; and iii) the red colour is as a result of the reduction of copper to the metallic state by Sn and Pb. Ca-antimonate (Ca2Sb2O7) was identified as an opacifying agent for the blue glassy decorations, whereas metallic Cu was identified for the red. The overall results of the chemical and physical characterization of the ―Pallium altaris‖ glassy decorations from the Messina Regional Museum suggest that the used raw material was ―carcara glass,‖ to which various chemical elements were suitably added to obtain the desired nuances.

Published
2020
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8. NEW SPECTROSCOPIC DATA ON "MARMI MISCHI" BAROQUE GLASS DECORATIONS FROM "PALLIUM ALTARIS" OF MESSINA (SICILY, ITALY).

Author

M., Di Bella, G., Sabatino, A., Giuliano, F., Italiano, Quartieri, S., Triscari, M., Magazù, S., and Tripodo, A.

Subjects
X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, GLASS, PSYCHOLOGY of color, SCANNING electron microscopy, RAW materials
Abstract

The "Marmi Mischi" (mixed glass mosaic tesserae) are artificial calcium-rich glass decorations, typically used in southern Italy and Sicily during the Baroque period (1600-1700) to decorate walls and altars of religious edifices. In this study, we provide new archaeometric information on the raw materials, pigments and opacifying agents used to produce "Marmi Mischi" of "Pallium altaris" from the Messina Regional Museum. To reach this objective, all the studied glass decorations were analysed by means of non-destructive portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF). Some of the decorations were further subjected to Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) in the laboratory. Two types of glasses were recognised. The first one - bluish green in colour - is a basic or slightly modified "carcara glass", characterized by high concentrations of P. The second type - dark blue, turquoise, light turquoise and red in colour - is a "carcara glass" modified by craftsmen, containing high amounts of colouring agents (Cu, Pb, Sn, Sb). The presence of schreibersite in some of the analysed samples indicates that forming occurred in extremely reducing conditions and proves that the glasses were produced in CaO furnaces called "carcara" and used to produce lime. Moreover, our results suggest that: i) the dark blue, turquoise and bluish green nuances are as a result of Fe2+, with minor contribution by Cu and Co; ii) the light turquoise nuance is related to Fe2+ and Cu2+, with minor contribution by Co; and iii) the red colour is as a result of the reduction of copper to the metallic state by Sn and Pb. Ca-antimonate (Ca2Sb2O7) was identified as an opacifying agent for the blue glassy decorations, whereas metallic Cu was identified for the red. The overall results of the chemical and physical characterization of the "Pallium altaris" glassy decorations from the Messina Regional Museum suggest that the used raw material was "carcara glass," to which various chemical elements were suitably added to obtain the desired nuances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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