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Streptococcosis is one of the septicaemic bacterial diseases of public health concern due to its zoonotic potential. Its luxurious existence in wild marine fish from an open water body strongly suggests presence of massive sewage pollution. The aim of the current study was to identify and characterize most common streptococci affecting common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus) inhabiting the Mediterranean coast of Tripoli. A total number of 270 common pandora were clinically examined for possible streptococcal infection and non-streptococcal infection. The fishes were collected from the area extending from Tripoli to Tajoura (east to Tripoli) during the three seasons, summer, autumn, and spring. No fish samples were available during winter due to the bad climate / storms along the entire western Libyan Mediterranean coasts. Streptococcus iniae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus phocae, Enterococcus faecalis, and other non-streptococcal species, such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas anguilliseptica, and Photobacterium damselae sub species damselae were biochemically identified. Regardless of the season, S. iniae and E. faecalis were the most prevalent streptococcal species (13% and 8.88%, respectively). In contrast, the most retrieved non-streptococcal species were A. hydrophila, followed by Pseudomonas anguilliseptica, with a prevalence of 10%, and 14.44%, respectively. The highest infections were recorded during autumn, followed by summer, then spring with percentages of 53.34%, 50%, and 43.4%, respectively. The majority of the isolates were sensitive to erythromycin, florfenicol, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. The molecular screening using the sequences of 16S rRNA genes has confirmed the phylogenetic relationship to S. dysgalactiae, E. faecalis, S. iniae, and S. phocae isolates with similarity percentages exceeding 99.6%. The sequences were deposited in the GenBank with accession numbers (OK033868, OK033869, OK033870, and OK033871). To sum up, the obtained results highly suggests that the common pandora fish from Tripoli coast of the Mediterranean is biologically contaminated with various zoonotic streptococci which could be considered as a biological indicator for municipal sewage pollution.

Streptococcosis is one of the septicaemic bacterial diseases of public health concern due to its zoonotic potential. Its luxurious existence in wild marine fish from an open water body strongly suggests presence of massive sewage pollution. The aim of the current study was to identify and characterize most common streptococci affecting common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus) inhabiting the Mediterranean coast of Tripoli. A total number of 270 common pandora were clinically examined for possible streptococcal infection and non-streptococcal infection. The fishes were collected from the area extending from Tripoli to Tajoura (east to Tripoli) during the three seasons, summer, autumn, and spring. No fish samples were available during winter due to the bad climate / storms along the entire western Libyan Mediterranean coasts. Streptococcus iniae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus phocae, Enterococcus faecalis, and other non-streptococcal species, such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas anguilliseptica, and Photobacterium damselae sub species damselae were biochemically identified. Regardless of the season, S. iniae and E. faecalis were the most prevalent streptococcal species (13% and 8.88%, respectively). In contrast, the most retrieved non-streptococcal species were A. hydrophila, followed by Pseudomonas anguilliseptica, with a prevalence of 10%, and 14.44%, respectively. The highest infections were recorded during autumn, followed by summer, then spring with percentages of 53.34%, 50%, and 43.4%, respectively. The majority of the isolates were sensitive to erythromycin, florfenicol, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. The molecular screening using the sequences of 16S rRNA genes has confirmed the phylogenetic relationship to S. dysgalactiae, E. faecalis, S. iniae, and S. phocae isolates with similarity percentages exceeding 99.6%. The sequences were deposited in the GenBank with accession numbers (OK033868, OK033869, OK033870, and OK033871). To sum up, the obtained results highly suggests that the common pandora fish from Tripoli coast of the Mediterranean is biologically contaminated with various zoonotic streptococci which could be considered as a biological indicator for municipal sewage pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The main silicon-containing component in a charge during ferrosilicon smelting is quartzite. The carbothermic reduction rate of the crystalline structure SiO2 has a limitation associated with a fixed energy reserve of silicon-oxygen bond. The reactive capacity of silica can be increased by using its amorphous form instead of the crystalline SiO2. The amorphous form of silica has a higher dispersion, greater free surface energy, and, consequently, a more active degree of entering into a reaction. Such silica-containing materials include amorphous rocks: diatomite, opoka, tripoli. The article presents the results of experimental studies of electrothermal ferrosilicon production from a mixture of amorphous rocks (tripoli, opoka, diatomite with a mass ratio of 1:1:1).It is established that when smelting the mixture of amorphous rocks containing 77 % SiO2, 7.9 % Al2O3, 5.2 % Σ CaO and MgO, 4 % Σ K2O Na2O, 3.3 % Fe2O3, 1.3 % CaCO3, 0.9 % CaSO4, 0.4 % others, three ferrosilicon grades are formed: FeSi25 (22–29 % Si), FeSi45 (41–47 % Si), FeSi50 (47–52 % Si) with the extraction degree of 70–87.6 % silicon into the alloy. Moreover, the ferrosilicon grade decreases with an increase in steel shavings in the charge from 21.9-31.4 % to 33–35 %. In comparison with ferrosilicon smelting from a standard charge containing quartzite with the crystalline form of SiO2, steel shavings and coke, ferrosilicon production from the mixture of amorphous rocks allows to increase the process rate by 17.5–21.6 %. It is possible to increase the silicon extraction degree into the alloy from 80-85 %–94.5 % if its final stage is carried out in the resistance mode. Widespread occurrence in nature, favorable conditions of occurrence, low cost, high reactive capacity are favorable factors for using amorphous rocks in the production of ferroalloys.

Researchers from Western countries and some Russian scientists initially enthusiastically classified anti-government protests and uprisings in the 2010s in a number of Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa as «Arab Spring» or «Arab Awakening».However, the consequences of these «springs» and «awakenings» in some countries of the abovementioned region caused less delight and more anxiety. Indeed, if Tunisia after its «Arab Spring» returned to stable development, in Egypt one general (Hosni Mubarak) was replaced by another (Abdul-Fattah al-Sisi), then in Yemen, and especially in Libya, as a consequence of the «Arab awakenings» civil wars occurred, that are still ongoing, and threaten the complete disintegration of the above-mentioned countries.Based on the above, it is quite obvious that the analysis of the causes, the content of the main stages and consequences of the evolution of the internal political situation in Libya after the overthrow of the regime of M. Gaddafi in October 2011 is not only an urgent scientific, but also a political task. The purpose of the article is to analyze the reasons for the destabilization of the internal political situation in Libya since October 2011, the content of its key stages and consequences. When writing the text of the article, the following scientific methods were used: problem-chronological, comparativehistorical, periodization method, historical-genetic, historical-retrospective, etc. The development of the internal political situation in Libya since October 2011 has led the Libyan state to total disintegration. The Libyan statehood, which until October 2011 was not particularly strong and stable, is confidently drifting towards fragmentation and autonomy within not only individual regions, but even individual cities.

Introduction End-stage renal disease (ESRD) has become a significant problem in the North African region. There are few references about the primary causes of ESRD in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. The aim of this study was to determine the causes of the original kidney disease in KT recipients in Tripoli Central Hospital, Tripoli, Libya. Methods This is a hospital-based, retrospective descriptive study. It includes all KT recipients who were followed up in the outpatient clinic, at the Libyan National General Authority for Organ, Tissue, and Cell Transplantation and nephrology clinic in Tripoli Central Hospital during 2021, Tripoli, Libya. Results Data on 360 KT recipients were retrieved. Sixty-eight percent of the of the patients were males: 31.1% of all enrolled individuals were between 31 and 40 years. Patient mean age was 36.66 ± 11.86 years. The most common validated cause for ESRD was unknown (55.3%), followed by chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN; 15%), diabetes mellitus and systemic hypertension each equally (10.3%), congenital abnormalities (3.6%), polycystic kidney disease (3.3%), and nephrolithiasis (1.9%). Conclusion Original cause of kidney disease in most recipients was undetermined, possibly due to limited diagnostic tools or delayed presentation. However, CGN is a main known cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At a time when NGOs are taking charge of the education of young people who have remained excluded from the school system, ethnography can illustrate the diversity and the tensions in the pedagogical practices used to adapt the school order to a public of dropouts. Based on a study carried out in the centre of the NGO “Mouvement Social” in Tripoli (Lebanon), this article will show how two educators try to apply, in their own way, a pedagogy of autonomy and self-expression, while juggling the constraints of a context of social fragmentation and collapse. Such an educational style can coexist with so-called traditional pedagogical techniques. In order to establish closeness with the learners and foster their autonomy, it can also lead to reappropriating tropes in a playful manner, such as cunning in defiance of teacher authority.

Objective: to detect the prevalence of mental health problems, including behavioral and emotional difficulties among school children (6-15 years) in Tripoli, Libya as observed by their parents and teachers. Methods: The study took place in Tripoli, Libya. Data was collected over three months period between January and March 2022 from parents and teachers. The Arabic version of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ. Goodman 2002) were used. The sample size was 300 children aged between 6 and 15 years who were attending compulsory education. Four schools were randomly selected and then children were randomly sampled from each class. Parents were asked to hand over the questionnaire to their child’s teacher and collect them later. Data was analyzed to describe normative scores, bandings and cut-offs for normal, borderline and abnormal scores. Only public schools were included in the study. Results: When it came to the perception of teachers and parents, it was found that the response rate for parents and teachers were almost the same only 245 questionnaires were returned (134 male and 111 female) giving a response rate of 81.6%. out of these, 208, both the parents and teacher questionnaires were returned (84.8%),26 filled in only the parents' questionnaires (10.6%), and 11 returned only the teacher’s questionnaire (4.4%). TEACHERS rated their pupils consistently as showing difficulties in all areas with (23.0 %) of the children considered to be displaying abnormal behavior (Total Difficulties Score). The highest proportion of abnormal behavior was for peer relation (17.0%) and conduct problems (18.0%). PARENTS rated their children as having fewer problems than rated by teachers, but rates were still high with (15%) of the children receiving total difficulty scores in the abnormal band. The most problematic areas as assessed by parents were peer relations (29%) followed by emotion problems (22%). Conclusion: Parent SDQs revealed high rates of children with conduct, emotional and peer problems falling above the 90th centile established in the UK sample. Teachers SDQs revealed higher rates of children with conduct problems. Comparison with UK and Egypt data showed abnormal total difficulties score of 11.9% which is a bit higher than UK (10.1%) but lower than that of Egypt (20.6%). Much greater investment in child mental health care is needed. More efforts are needed to identify those children and decide what we can usefully do to help the many-not only the few.

Cướp biển Barbary là nỗi khiếp sợ của các quốc gia châu Âu và Mỹ trong thế kỷ XVIII-XIX. Với tư cách là một nước cộng hoà non trẻ vừa được thành lập sau cách mạng, nước Mỹ gặp phải nhiều khó khăn và thử thách trong đương đầu với cướp biển. Từ thực tế đó, các tổng thống Mỹ lên cầm quyền đã đưa ra nhiều chính sách khác nhau trong đối phó với nạn cướp biển. Trên cơ sở các nguồn sử liệu, bài báo phân tích những yếu tố tác động đến sự hình thành, nội dung chính sách đối với cướp biển Barbary của các tổng thống Mỹ trong giai đoạn từ năm 1783 đến năm 1805. Nghiên cứu này góp phần làm sáng tỏ một phần lịch sử chống cướp biển và lịch sử ngoại giao nước Mỹ trong buổi đầu thời kì lập quốc.

The first part of the article examines the fundamental aspects of the transformation of foreign policy concepts and strategies of the Republic of Turkey at the end of the second and beginning of the third presidential terms of Recep Tayyip Erdogan. The author’s assumption that the newly elected president in foreign policy is likely to follow the path of overcoming tensions with his Western allies and partners is justified by the analysis of the events taking place in Ankara’s relations with Washington given in the article. In the second part, the author of the article focuses on the emerging prospects for Turkey’s relations with the EU countries. The emphasis is on the analysis of the events of «crisis periods» in bilateral relations between Ankara and Brussels (in 2016 and 2020) and attempts to overcome their consequences. An important milestone in the trajectory of their reconciliation was Russia’s Special Military Operation on the territory of Ukraine. In its context, Erdogan continues to assert his role as an intermediary not only between Moscow and Kiev, but also as a channel of communication between Russia and the NATO countries as a whole.

This study was conducted within the framework of a research program at the Agricultural Research Center for Sustainable Development during the 2021-2022 agricultural season through field visits to pesticide marketing and storage sites in Tripoli and its suburbs to investigate the condition of commercial stores and their suitability to health conditions, the nature of their activity and their legal status, along with the status of the people working in them, their educational level and the extent to which their awareness of the dangers of pesticides and their impact on their health. Some questions were also about the types of pesticides traded in the Libyan market, their physical condition, their specialties, their commercial sources, and how to dispose of their empty containers. It became clear from this study that approximately half of the pesticide shops were in the main streets of Tripoli, and only 27% of them were in rural areas. Moreover, no less than 50% of the stores do not have warehouses, and those that do have warehouses are considered inappropriate for storing these dangerous materials. It was also shown that there is a lack of attention and implementation of the sanitary conditions in pesticide stores, including ventilation, air conditioners, and the height of the stores. We also noticed that the percentage of licensed shops designated for selling pesticides did not exceed 35%, and that many of them hold licenses not designated for selling pesticides, and some of them don’t have license. As for the materials that are marketed alongside pesticides, most of them are agricultural equipment, with the presence of fertilizers and seeds. Regarding the persons that are selling pesticides, their ages range from the twenties to the fifties, and their educational levels vary, as the percentage of illiterate people was 15%, the percentage of those who obtained compulsory primary, middle, and secondary education was 49%, the percentage of those who obtained an intermediate and higher diploma was 23%, and the percentage of university salespeople was 13%. It is striking that 79% of the sellers are not specialized in the agricultural field. As for the level of knowledge of the sellers about the dangers of chemical pesticides, it was found that 72% of them have little to moderate knowledge. In addition, 77% of them do not wear protective clothing, and only sometimes at best, which shows that 43% of the workers’ health was negatively affected by their handling of pesticides. Finally, this study showed that the pesticides circulating in the Tripoli area are liquid, solid and gaseous in approximately equal proportions. As for the specialties of pesticides on offer, it turned out that 22% of them are insecticides, 21% are herbicides, 21% are fungicides, 19% are rodenticides, and 17% are acaricides. As for the sources of pesticides offered on the market, 36% of them were issued by commercial agents of international companies or from well-known wholesalers with clear addresses. However, 27% of the pesticides offered were imported by unknown importers or obtained through unlicensed and often unknown street traders. As for the methods used to dispose of containers, the study showed that 50% of the containers are disposed of by filling them up, burning them, or using the containers to place other materials such as food and medicines, which is generally considered a violation of internationally recognized health methods. This study is considered a model for the other Libyan cities and will contribute to providing decision-makers with important and vital information for regulating the pesticide trading sector in Libya.

The discovery of the unpublished will of a Venetian merchant, Marco Zeno, notarized in Tripoli in 1278 (a deed published in the Appendix of the present paper), offers the opportunity to re-examine the presence of the lagoon merchants in that city, from the earliest evidence to the end of the fourteenth century. During the period of the crusades, the Venetians mainly frequented Acre and Tyre but were also active in Tripoli. After the fall of the city in 1289, we have no further evidence of the presence of the Venetians, who only reappeared there in the 1360s, following the profound restructuring of Venice's trade towards the Levant that took place during that century. After 1360, Damascus became increasingly important as a market for cotton, silk and spices, overtaking Tabriz. This opened a new route for Venetian merchants, with Beirut as its terminus. The other ports on the Syrian-Palestinian coast were also frequented by them in that period, albeit as secondary destinations; and among them the role of Beirut's most important subsidiary port was played precisely by Tripoli, as demonstrated by the rich unpublished documentation relating to the last thirty-five years of the century presented and discussed here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The samples of dispersed silica, tripoli from the Konoplyansky deposit, were used in this work. Pd(II)-Cu(II) compounds fixed on dispersed silica for the oxidation of carbon monoxide with air oxygen were obtained by impregnation of the carrier, which was previously boiled in distilled water for one hour, through NH,-coordination in the presence of ethyl alcohol, followed by maturation of the catalyst at 2 0°C for 20 hours and drying at 300°C for 4 hours. The initial and chemically modified sarrples of tripoli were characterized by X-ray phase analysis, IR-spectral and thermogravimetric research methods and tested in the reaction of low-temperature oxidation of carbon monoxide with oxygen. The degree of CO conversion in the stationary mode was used to estimate the activity of the catalyst. It was established that the activity of copper-palladium catalysts is significantly affected by the rrethod of catalyst preparation, namely: the sequence of mixing the starting solutions, the drying temperature, and the content of the catalyst components. The catalyst with the highest activity contained all the components, such as KjPdCl*, Cu(NO3)2, NH4OH, KBr, and C2HjOH, mixed beforehand in the specified sequence. It provides air purification from CO to a concentration that is 5 times lower than the maximum permissible concentration for the working area (MPCoo =20 mg/m3). The degree of CO oxidation reaches 92.696. With other variations of the method of the catalyst preparation, the samples show mush lower activity, which indicates the formation of surface complexes of different composition, responsible for the oxidation of carbon monoxide by air oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Salmonella is a leading cause of severe economic losses in poultry and foodborne illness in humans worldwide. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and multidrug resistance of Salmonella Enteritidis in several chicken abattoirs in Tripoli, Libya. The study includes the South, East, and West regions of Tripoli. Methods: Each region was assigned five slaughterhouses. Each chicken slaughterhouse was visited three times to collect samples. Five samples were taken at random from the neck skin, crop, and spleen. The total number of samples collected from all regions was 675. Bacterial isolation and identification, as well as antibiotic sensitivity testing, were performed on these samples. Results: Salmonella spp. was found to be 15% prevalent, and Salmonella Enteritidis was found to be 7% prevalent. The south region of Tripoli had the highest Salmonella Enteritidis (9%), while the west region had the highest Salmonella spp (22%). Salmonella prevalence increased significantly (P [Open Vet J 2023; 13(5.000): 638-644]

Background: Salmonella is a leading cause of severe economic losses in poultry and foodborne illness in humans worldwide. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and multidrug resistance of Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) in several chicken abattoirs in Tripoli, Libya. The study includes the South, East, and West regions of Tripoli. Methods: Each region was assigned five slaughterhouses. Each chicken slaughterhouse was visited three times to collect samples. Five samples were taken at random from the neck skin, crop, and spleen. The total number of samples collected from all regions was 675. Bacterial isolation and identification, as well as antibiotic sensitivity testing, were performed on these samples. Results: Salmonella spp. was found to be 15% prevalent, and S. Enteritidis was found to be 7% prevalent. The south region of Tripoli had the highest S. Enteritidis (9%), while the west region had the highest Salmonella spp. (22%). Salmonella prevalence increased significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the spleen (13%) as compared with the crop (5%) and neck (7%). Based on bacterial resistance pattern, Salmonella spp. isolated from the spleen had the highest multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of 0.86 in the south region followed by MAR indexes of 0.8 and 0.46 in the West and East, respectively. Conclusion: Isolation of Salmonella from the spleen may indicate chickens' systemic infection and failure to control the most important microbe for public health. Thus, the control measures have to be revised and a national Salmonella control program should be put in place urgently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorption of methylene blue and eosin Y on opal-cristobalite rocks has been studied. The amount of methylene blue and eosin Y adsorbed on opal-cristobalite rocks is determined by the amorphous silica and clay minerals contained in the rocks. The possibility of using the results of IR spectroscopy for accurate determination of the amorphous silica content in opal-cristobalite rocks is shown. For opal-cristobalite rocks, a higher value of the point of zero charge is associated with lower silicon and aluminum contents in them and higher total content of alkali and alkaline earth metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the issue of the press in Western Libya, starting from the Ottoman period, up to early 1920. In particular, the author analyses the newspaper al-Liwā' al-Ṭarābulusī, the official mouthpiece of the National Reform Party, whose secretary was Azzam and president al-Qīzānī, both involved in the newspaper activities. The article also aims to shed light on the editorial network that linked Libya to Italy, focusing on the League of oppressed peoples propaganda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. When using concrete and reinforced concrete structures, it is necessary to overcome problems associated with the quality of concrete to shrink in size and experience shrinkage during hardening and drying. To solve problems with shrinkage, special attention is paid to the materials that, when added to ordinary portland cement, make it possible to obtain non-shrinkable, expanding types of cements. A well-known way of producing expanding cements is to grind cement clinker, gypsum and a special additive together. In addition, the introduction of active mineral additives with pozzolanic properties allows to compact the structure of the cement stone, reduce porosity, increase strength and reduce shrinkage. They also save the clinker for the cement production, help to reduce the cost of production and help to reduce the burden on the environment. One of these mineral additives is tripoli.Materials and methods. The effect of additives content on the deformation property of the composite binger was studied using the experiment planning method. Deformation of cement at the age of 2, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days were determined in accordance with the method of results processing in accordance with GOST R 56727–2015, GOST 11052–74. The research was carried out in the laboratory of the Department of Construction Materials Science of the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering.Results. The results obtained are presented as the surface of a second level regression equation describing the dependence of the blinder deformation on the content of complex expanding and pozzolanic additives. As a result of the experiments conducted, the composition with the maximum expansion and the composition with maximum shrinkage using complex additives were obtained. The results will be further used to predict the deformation properties of the binder.Conclusions. Based on the results of this study, the authors will continue to study the properties of binders based on a complex expanding and pozzolanic additive in the future.

Background: Ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are common neoplasms in domestic animals that originate from the sex-cord stromal cells of the ovary. The aim of the present paper was to report a case of ovarian GCT in a 5- year- old Persian female cat and to describe the histopathological pattern of this tumor. Case Description: The cat was brought for a routine diagnostic examination for pregnancy at Albaittar clinic in Tripoli, Libya with a history of one month mating before it was brought to the clinic for investigation of progressive behavioral changes. The cat external examination showed noticeable enlargement at the abdomen that was potentially suspected for pregnancy; however, the abdominal ultrasonography showed a great mass located on right ovary. Therapeutic ovariohysterectomy was performed. The cat’s clinical signs resolved, 6 months later it was diagnosed with a mass on the right kidney suspected as metastasis and one week later the cat died. Conclusion: In this case, macroscopic and microscopic studies are discussed and histopathological examination confirmed ovarian GCT with cystic endometrial hyperplasia and suspected metastasis in one kidney.

Background and Aim: Studies on avian influenza virus (AIV) in Libya are few and limited. This study aimed to determine the presence of AIV in live bird markets (LBMs) in Tripoli and determine the risk factors associated with AIV spread. Materials and Methods: In total, 269 cloacal swabs were randomly collected from different bird species in 9 LBMs located in Tripoli and its surrounding regions. The target species were ducks, geese, local chickens, Australian chickens, Brahma chickens, turkeys, pigeons, quails, peacock broiler chicks, and pet birds. Total RNA was extracted from the swab samples and used for real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect AIV type A. Results: Of the 269 samples, 28 (10.41% of total samples) were positive for AIV type A. The LBMs with positive samples were Souq Aljumaa, Souq Alkhamees, Souq Althulatha, and Souq Tajoura. The highest percentage (35.71%) of AIV was recorded in Souq Aljumaa. Positive results for AIV type A were obtained primarily in three species of birds: Ducks (14/65; highest percentage: 21.5%), local chickens (12/98; 12.24%), and geese (2/28; 7.14%). Furthermore, the following three risk factors associated with the spread of AIV type A were identified: Time spent by breeders/vendors at the market (odds ratio [OR] = 11.181; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.827–32.669), methods used for disposing dead birds (OR = 2.356; 95% CI = 1.005–5.521), and last visited LBM (OR = 0.740; 95% CI = 0.580–0.944). Restricting the movement of poultry vendors from one market to another may protect against AIV spread. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate the high risk of AIV spread in LBMs and highlight the need for continuous surveillance of LBMs across the country.

Link for citation: Belousov P.E., Karelina N.D., Morozov I.A., Rudmin M.A., Milyutin V.V., Nekrasova N.A., Rumyantseva A.O., Zakusina O.V., Krupskaya V.V. Zeolite-containing tripoli of Khotynets deposit (Orel region): mineral composition, sorption properties and formation conditions. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 5, рр.70-84.In Rus. The relevance of the work is caused by the need to develop the mineral resource base of high-quality sorption materials in Russia, as well as to study the properties of natural sorbents with a view to their further application in practice. The aim of the work is to study the features of the geological structure, conditions of formation, mineral composition and sorption properties of zeolite-containing tripoli from the Khotynets deposit. The object of the study is the Khotynets deposit of zeolite-containing tripoli, studied by the field team of the Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Sciences RAS in 2019–2020. Methods: XRD, XRF, FTIR, optical and scanning electron microscopy, determination of SSA and pore size distribution, CEC, experiments on the sorption of cesium, strontium and copper. The paleotectonic reconstruction was carried out as well. Results. The productive strata of the Khotynets deposit consists of three benches, the main useful components of which are minerals of the zeolite, opal-cristobalite and smectite group. Their total content reaches 80 %. The formation of the deposit occurred in three stages and is associated with the primary accumulation of biochemogenic silica in coastal sea waters, the removal of terrigenous clay material from the nearby land, their further compaction, and processing of the accumulated material at the diagenesis stage. The formation of clinoptillolite is associated with an increase in pH and the dissolution of the opal-cristobalite and clay material as a result of the secondary impact of low-temperature deep solutions. The performed experiments showed that this mineral material has high sorption characteristics with respect to cesium and copper and can be used as a component of sorption mixtures for the purification of polluted waters.

The article examines the results of studies on the production of ferrosilicon from tripoli - a sedimentary rock consisting of opal-like silica. The main part of tripoli is amorphous silica. The studies included the thermodynamic modeling using the HSC-6.0 software package, based on the minimum Gibbs energy principle, combined with the second-order rotatable designs and electric melting of tripoli in an arc furnace. It was found that the interaction products in a tripoli-carbon-iron system under equilibrium conditions are FeSiγ, Fe3Si, FeSi, Fe5Si3, SiC, SiO(g), Al, Si. Formation of FeSi and Fe3Si occurs at 1200°C; of Fe5Si3 and Si - at 1400°C; of FeSiγ and SiC - at 1500°C; of aluminum - at 1700°C. An increase in the amount of iron from 25 % to 50 % by weight of tripoli allows to increase the extraction degree of silicon into the alloy at 1900°C to 82.5 %. To obtain FS45 grade ferrosilicon from tripoli, the following conditions are necessary: temperature of 1750 - 1900°C, the presence of 37.8 - 51 % of iron and 37 % of carbon. The electric smelting in an arc furnace allows producing FS50 grade ferrosilicon containing 51.1 % of silicon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines alterations made to the Red Castle in Tripoli during Italy's colonization of Libya between 1911 and 1943. Italian architects completed two projects which both restored the castle and altered its design through the construction of a tunnel that cuts through the historic site and joined sections of the coastal road (Lungomare Conti Volpi). Using a new visual analysis of the structures, this study argues that traditional Roman architecture influenced changes to the castle, which included elements found in preexisting Roman structures. The implications of these interventions within the context of historic preservation and colonialism are also explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical and mineralogical compositions were investigated and the limit adsorption of methylene blue were determined on samples of opal-cristobalite rocks. It was found that rocks with a high content of clay minerals are promising for use in water purification from highly soluble organic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the results of studying the possibility of obtaining ferrosilicon from tripoli. The studies included the thermodynamic modeling using the HSC-6.0 software package, based on the minimum Gibbs energy principle, and electric melting of tripoli in an arc single-phase electric furnace. The effect of temperature and the amount of carbon on the extraction degree of silicon into alloys and the silicon concentration in these alloys were determined. It was found that the interaction products of tripoli with carbon and iron under equilibrium conditions are mainly FeSi2, Fe3Si, FeSi, Fe5Si3, SiC, SiO(g), CaSiO2, MgSiO3, Al, Si, CO; the silicon extraction degree of 70–77% and its concentration in the alloy of 44.9–47.7% were achieved in the temperature range of 1830–2000 °C in the presence of 34–38% of carbon and 29% of iron; in the temperature range of 1700–1900 °C, the extraction degree of silicon into the alloy was 50–77.1%, and the concentration of silicon in the alloy at 1900 °C was 45–45.85%. During the electric melting of tripoli together with coke and steel shavings, depending on the composition of the charge, FS25 and FS65 ferrosilicon was formed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the author analyzes one of the most difficult problems in the Arab region, the civil war in Libya after the overthrow of Colonel Muammar Gaddafi in 2011. The author focuses on the fresh round of the escalation of the conflict (2019–20) between the eastern and western centers of power. The paper presents the importance of the political positions of Libyan tribes in the course of hostilities and their impact on the internal situation. The key issue of the study considered in the article directly concerns the political positions of the main clans within Libya. The author explains why some of the clans decided to participate in the military campaign on the side of the Libyan National Army, while the other defended the Government of National Accord; there were also those who adopted the position of non-interference in national affairs, since they sought to maintain autonomy. The main purpose of this work is to demonstrate the specifics of the Libyan problem, which is not only the desire of Tripolitania, Cyrenaica and Fezzan for their autonomous existence but also the internal contradictions between different tribes. It remains one of the most important factors hindering the unification of the country. After analyzing the publications in the modern Arabic-language press, the author offered her vision of the reasons for the ongoing armed confrontation in Libya and also presented and analyzed the full range of political positions and the role of the main Libyan tribes during the civil conflict, especially its latest round, which gives an idea of the complexity of the internal situation in Libya. The conclusion indicates the main reasons why Libya as a country cannot currently be a single and whole entity. The problem lies mainly in the complex ethnic and tribal situation as well as in the desire of individual tribes for an autonomous existence.

Background: Ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are common neoplasms in domestic animals that originate from the sex-cord stromal cells of the ovary. The aim of the present paper was to report a case of ovarian GCT in a 5-year-old Persian female cat and to describe the histopathological pattern of this tumor. Case Description: The cat was brought for a routine diagnostic examination for pregnancy at Albaittar clinic in Tripoli, Libya with a history of 1 month mating before it was brought to the clinic for investigation of progressive behavioral changes. The cat external examination showed noticeable enlargement in the abdomen that was potentially suspected of pregnancy; however, the abdominal ultrasonography showed a great mass located on the right ovary. A therapeutic ovariohysterectomy was performed. The cat's clinical signs resolved, 6 months later it was diagnosed with a mass on the right kidney suspected as metastasis and one week later the cat died. Conclusion: In this case, macroscopic and microscopic studies are discussed and histopathological examination confirmed ovarian GCT with cystic endometrial hyperplasia and suspected metastasis in one kidney. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to studying the reactivity of various amorphous rocks (diatomite, perlite, tripoli) and the identification of distinctive technological features of the synthesis of glass-ceramic materials based on them. A comparative assessment of rocks by chemical and mineralogical compositions and reactivity of charges based on them has been carried out. The results of the development of mixtures and the synthesis of glass-ceramic material are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the performance of natural Jordanian Tripoli as a catalyst in the pyrolysis of date kernels was investigated. Specifically, the impact of the pyrolysis temperature (450 °C, 500 °C, 550 °C, 600 °C and 650 °C), catalyst-to-feed (C/F) ratio- (0 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt% and 20 wt%) and heating rate (20 °C/min, 50 °C/min and 100 °C/min) on the yield and quality of the produced bio-oil is investigated. Results showed that bio-oil yield is enhanced at high pyrolysis temperatures and fast heating rates. Also, increasing the C/F ratio increased the gas yield and decreased the bio-oil yield. The highest and lowest char yields were 31.98 wt% and 25.36 wt% at 450 °C and 650 °C, respectively. The gas yield increased from 123.8 ml/g-feed to 214.6 ml/g-feed when the temperature was increased from 450 °C to 650 °C.Moreover, chemical composition was analyzed through solvent extraction method to identify the chemical families present in the produced bio-oil. Pyrolysis of date kernels by using Jordanian Tripoli as a catalyst reduced the organic acids and the undesired oxygenates in the bio-oil. Increasing the C/F ratio from 0 wt% to 20 wt% decreased the yield of levoglucosan from 23.0 wt% to 17.43 wt% and decreased the yield of organic acids from 12.1 wt% to 9 wt%. In addition, increasing the heating rate from 20 °C/min to 100 °C/min decreased the levoglucosan yield from 25.83 wt% to 22.01 wt% and increased the yield of organic acids from 6 wt% to 10.08 wt%.

The features of the changing composition in rock-forming minerals during thermal activation of tripoli are established. At T > 500°C, clay minerals are decomposed, and high-temperature modification of aluminum oxide is formed. In the temperature range of 200–500°C, the ordering of the amorphous opal-cristobalite structure grows owing to the phase changes in cristobalite; the further rise in the temperature leads to its transformation to tridymite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Studies on avian influenza virus (AIV) in Libya are few and limited. This study aimed to determine the presence of AIV in live bird markets (LBMs) in Tripoli and determine the risk factors associated with AIV spread. Materials and Methods: In total, 269 cloacal swabs were randomly collected from different bird species in 9 LBMs located in Tripoli and its surrounding regions. The target species were ducks, geese, local chickens, Australian chickens, Brahma chickens, turkeys, pigeons, quails, peacock broiler chicks, and pet birds. Total RNA was extracted from the swab samples and used for real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect AIV type A. Results: Of the 269 samples, 28 (10.41% of total samples) were positive for AIV type A. The LBMs with positive samples were Souq Aljumaa, Souq Alkhamees, Souq Althulatha, and Souq Tajoura. The highest percentage (35.71%) of AIV was recorded in Souq Aljumaa. Positive results for AIV type A were obtained primarily in three species of birds: Ducks (14/65; highest percentage: 21.5%), local chickens (12/98; 12.24%), and geese (2/28; 7.14%). Furthermore, the following three risk factors associated with the spread of AIV type A were identified: Time spent by breeders/vendors at the market (odds ratio [OR] = 11.181; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.827-32.669), methods used for disposing dead birds (OR = 2.356; 95% CI = 1.005-5.521), and last visited LBM (OR = 0.740; 95% CI = 0.580-0.944). Restricting the movement of poultry vendors from one market to another may protect against AIV spread. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate the high risk of AIV spread in LBMs and highlight the need for continuous surveillance of LBMs across the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Magazine of Historical Studies & Archaeology is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background People worldwide have a high intake of caffeine. Active adults are among the group of people who have always been interested in caffeine as an ergogenic aid. This study aims at examining the association between caffeine consumption and perceived performance (aerobic and anaerobic exercises) among active people attending different gyms in Tripoli, Lebanon. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 206 participants attending seven gyms in Tripoli. Participants were recruited using simple random sampling for a face-to-face individual interview. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data have been coded, entered, and analyzed using SPSS software. Results The prevalence rate of active people practicing both aerobic and anaerobic exercises is 63.6%. More than half of our sample (54.8%) has been working out for a duration of more than 6 months and 84.6% of respondents spend at least 30 min during their workouts. Caffeine consumption was popular in our sample with 92.2% indicating that they use caffeinated products. The findings of this study showed an association between anaerobic exercise and caffeine, perceived as physical performance enhancer and work durability enhancer. Yet no association was found between aerobic exercise and caffeine consumption. Conclusions Perhaps, future research could focus on the safe doses of caffeine that could be given for anaerobic exercises to have an ergogenic effect. This could help us to build scientific guidelines for caffeine’s association with sports performance.

Copyright of Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal is the property of World Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kadim is the property of Kadim and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies / Cumhuriyet Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi (CTAD) is the property of Ataturk Institute for Modern Turkish History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The sorption parameters of a number of natural materials, diatomite, tripoli, and bentonite rock, were studied in relation to the 137Cs, 90Sr, and 233U radionuclides. It was shown that the efficiency of 137Cs and 90Sr sorption is directly proportional to the content of the clay component (illite and smectite minerals) in the sample and to the cation-exchange capacity (CEC), which indicates the ion exchange sorption mechanism of these radionuclides. The sorption parameters of the studied samples with respect to 137Cs and 90Sr decrease in the series bentonite rock > diatomite > tripoli. The 137Cs distribution coefficients (Kd) of bentonite rock and diatomite samples in the NaNO3 concentration range of 0.1–1.0 mol/dm3 are more than 103 cm3/g, which evidences high sorption-selective parameters of these rocks with respect to 137Cs. The Kd values of 90Sr on all the studied sorbents upon sorption from tap water are 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than the sorption of 137Cs, which is caused by the competitive sorption of calcium ions. The main mechanism of 233U sorption is physical adsorption on the surface of minerals, which is proportional to the specific surface area of minerals. The Kd values of 233U for all studied sorbents are relatively low and are in the range of 48–160 cm3/g. It was shown that natural sorbents, bentonite clays and diatomites, can be used as effective geochemical barriers to prevent the migration of cesium and strontium radionuclides from radioactive waste storages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]