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Anchor link identification is a task that determines which pair of accounts in different social networks belongs to the same user. As a foundation of many applications, such as information dissemination across networks, anchor link identification has attracted much attention in recent years. Several methods learned a latent common space to preserve the structural proximity of accounts, such that the contributions of diverse neighbors are ignored due to the unweighted edges. In sparse networks, the overlapping of neighbors is rare and structural similarities are small, resulting in performance degradation of these methods. In this paper, we propose a triple-layer attention mechanism-based network embedding (TANE) method which utilizes the network structure to identify anchor links. TANE has two learning modules: the attention learning module which learns contribution weights of intranetwork and internetwork neighbors in anchor link identification under the supervision of observed anchor links, and the embedding learning module which tries to learn a latent common space by preserving weighted structural proximity of neighbors and second-order neighbors (i.e., neighbors of neighbors). By exploiting second-order neighbors, more structural information is introduced into embedding processing, which reduces sparsity. The weights and embeddings are transferred between modules and learned uniformly by Adam algorithm. Extensive experimental results of two real-world datasets show that TANE can improve the top-k hit ratio of anchor link identification compared with several state-of-the-art methods.

Background Unwanted submental fat (SMF) is aesthetically unappealing, but methods of reduction are either invasive or lack evidence of their use. Objective The authors sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel triple-layer high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) regimen for SMF reduction. Methods Forty Korean subjects with moderate/severe SMF were evaluated after receiving a session of triple-layer HIFU treatments (using 3.0-, 4.5-, and 6.0-mm focusing transducers). The objective evaluation based on the 5-point Clinician-Reported Submental Fat Rating Scale (CR-SMFRS) and patients' satisfaction based on the 7-point Subject Self-Rating Scale (SSRS) were determined 8 weeks after treatment. Three-dimensional image analysis was also performed. Results At the follow-up visit, the proportion of treatment responders defined as subjects with ≥1-point improvement in CR-SMFRS was 62.5%, and the proportion of patients satisfied with appearance of their face and chin (score ≥4 on the SSRS) was 67.5% of the total patients. The results of 3-dimensional analysis were consistent with clinical observations. Only mild and transient side effects were observed for some patients with no serious adverse effects. Conclusion The triple-layer HIFU regimen including the novel 6.0-mm transducer has benefits for tightening and rejuvenation of the area with unwanted SMF, showing reasonable safety profiles.

In this work, a novel method for the fabrication of robust triple-layer membranes composed of nanofibrous high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) as the top layer, commercial fibrous polypropylene (C-PP) as...

Impulse characteristics of grounding systems have a great influence on proper evaluation of substation equipment stresses from lightning overvoltages, protection and design points of view. The grounding grid impulse characteristics depend on: grid parameters and soil characteristics as well as on the impulse current shape, magnitude and discharge point. The addition of driven rods to the grid has an action on grounding grid impulse characteristics. This paper presents an experimental study for determining the impedance of grounding grid with and without driven rods. Tests are conducted on three scale models to simulate single-, double- and triple layer soils. Also, the impedance of grounding grid calculated mathematically from the generalized equations which matched the impedance, voltage and current wave shapes. The values of grounding grid impedances determined experimentally and mathematieally are compared. The com parison was closed together and satisfied.

The remote phosphor as a lighting structure has outstanding luminous efficiency compared to other options, such as conformal or in-cup. However, the lack of uniformity in distributed color has prevented remote phosphor from wider development. The answer to the chromatic performance enhancement that has been suggested by numerous researchers is the multi-layer configuration with two or three different types of chromatic phosphor. The research purpose is to select the best configuration for multi-chip white LEDs (WLEDs) to achieve optimal results in color quality scale (CQS), color rendering index (CRI), light output and color homogeneity. WLEDs mentioned in this paper have two distinct color temperatures, 6600 K and 7700 K. Experimental results show that the remote phosphor structure with three phosphor layers is superior in terms of color rendering, chromatic performance, and emitted light. The deviation of correlated color measured in this structure is also low, which means that the color uniformity is greatly enhanced in this multi-layer lighting structure. This result can be demonstrated by analyzing the scattering characteristics of the phosphoric layers using the Mie theory. The research findings have proven the effectiveness of the multi-phosphor configuration and can serve as a guideline to fabricate WLEDs with better performance.

Lightweight architecture, implementing coated fabric and membrane materials, increasingly adopts multiple layer pneumatic cushions in order to guarantee adequate thermal insulation and better indoo...

In a triple-layer satellite (TLS) network with GEO, MEO and LEO, maintaining connectivity of topology confronts the challenge of intermittent visibility due to periodically orbital motions of nodes. To address this issue, in this letter, we develop a time-relevant graph called as space-time graph (STG) model for depicting the topological structure with fine granularity, by taking into account time-domain and spatial-domain properties. With STG, a Time-evolving Connected Dominating Set (TCDS) algorithm is proposed to construct a backbone network for efficient topology control with high spatial and temporal accessibility of the triple-layer network. The simulation results demonstrate better efficiency of the proposed algorithm with respects to the average hop and connectivity probability, compared with time-evolving multi-layered clustering (TEMC) algorithm and single time-slot clustering (STC) algorithm.

To enhance color quality of glass-based phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (pc-WLEDs) with multi-layer remote phosphor layer structures, two phosphors, green CdS:In and red ZnS:Te,Mn, are integrated into the glass matrix and applied to the dual-layer and triple-layer WLED packages. The attained results were examined with Mie-scattering theory and Lambert-Beer law. The dual-layer showed significant enhancement in color rendering index (CRI), in the range of approximate 80-90. Meanwhile, CRI in the triple-layer was lower and stayed around 66. In terms of color quality scale (CQS), a more overall color evaluating index, triple-layer structure helps the glass-based WLED achieve higher value than the dual-layer. The triple-layer is also beneficial to the luminous efficacy, according to the experimented results. Thus, the triple-layer structure can be used to strengthen the benefit of the glass matrix used in WLED products.

Recently we have introduced a novel methodology for efficient transport of heavy oil via a triple-layer core-annular flow [1]. Pumping pressures are significantly reduced by concentrating high shear rates to a lubricating layer, while ideas from visco-plastic lubrication were used to eliminate interfacial instabilities. We purposefully position a shaped unyielded skin of a visco-plastic fluid between the transported oil and the lubricating fluid layer. The shaping of the skin layer allows for lubrication forces to develop and balance the density difference between the fluids. Here we show an explicit advantage of the proposed method. Essentially the method can give stable flows for a very wide range of fluid input ratio, although not all will produce the desired reduction in frictional pressure losses. Additionally, we use the extensional flow method derived in [2] to estimate the required yield stress to maintain the skin completely unyielded.

A general term N95 Mask has been widely used by all including the health care personnel. It has been use incorrectly by all and it should be replaced with the term filtering facepiece respirator. There are two types of respirators being used in the world. One is the industrial type whereas the other one is the medical surgical one. The medical surgical masks are an intermediate product between the industrial and the triple layer medical mask. Many other equivalent products like KN95 masks are also available in the market. There is an urgent need of certification because this is the only way quality face masks can be provided to the public in these difficult times of COVID-19. This is essential because of the entry of many counterfeit and uncertified respirators have entered the market.

We present a design for a sensitive, label-free nanoparticle sensor based on triple-layer-coated microsphere resonators. The surfaces of the microsphere structure are coated with three layers that have high, low, and high refractive indexes from inside to outside, respectively. We theoretically and numerically investigate two cladding modes, we call the inner mode and outer mode. The resonance wavelengths of the two modes are used to detect the resonance wavelength shift caused by a single-nanoparticle. Numerical calculation suggests that if we change the thickness of the middle layer, the device offers another degree of freedom to obtain higher detection sensitivity. We build a model to accurately describe a nanoparticle close to the microsphere. The method for the sensors may promote the design of biosensing applications.

Ventral hernias often occur in transplanted patients because of weakness of the abdominal wall, poor muscle mass, and ascitis. In this report we describe the case of a re-recurrent ventral hernia seen emergently in a liver transplant recipient, who was treated using a singular 3-layer approach by placement of an intraperitoneal mesh, stressing technical aspects of the plasty as well as the importance of a sublay technique in the reinforcement of a previous prosthetic plasty.

A SiC/UHTC/SiC triple layer was designed and coated on C/SiC composites by chemical vapor deposition and brushing-sintering techniques to achieve long-term oxidation protection in a wide temperature range. After exposure to 1100 °C and 1300 °C for 114 h, and 1500 °C for 68 h in air, the coated composites exhibited mass losses of only 0.36, 1.65 and 3.45 mg/cm2, respectively. The low mass loss rates can be attributed to the synergistic effects of the ZrB2-based ultra-high temperature ceramic (UHTC) and SiC layers. The oxidation process and protective mechanism at different temperatures were discussed in detail.

Silicon anode materials with ultrahigh theoretic capacity of 4200 mAh g–1 exhibit an attractive prospect for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, notably volume change (>300%) in the silicon latt...

A multi-layer sieving machine is of multiplayer and highly efficient sieving machine that retains particles based on the difference in size. This study was carried out to evaluate the performance of a multi-layer electric sieving machine. The performance test of the machine was carried out in the Agricultural department farm of the Federal College of Forestry, Jericho Ibadan. The electrical sieving machine was used to carry out separation operations on a mixture of food crop materials at varying speeds. The machine passed the test of workability; it was able to perform the specific function of sieving and separating food materials of varying sizes. Mixed food materials were poured in the first layer of the mesh assembly and sieved. The time to completely separate the mixture into the three different layers was recorded and the respective weight of each layer was finally measured. Layer 1 had a mean weight gain of 0.42kg; layer 2 had a mean weight gain of 0.14 while layer 3 had a mean weight loss of 0.56kg when sieving was done for 5 minutes; at 7 minutes, Layer 1 had a mean weight gain of 0.1kg; layer 2 had a mean weight gain of 0.18 while layer 3 had a mean weight loss of 0.28kg, while at 10 minutes, the first layer had a mean weight gain of 0.06 kg, second layer also had mean weight gain of 0.02 while the third layer had a mean weight loss 0.08. The mean efficiency was highest at 99% in all the layers when sieving operation was carried out for 10 minutes and lowest at 96% for layer 3 when the machine ran for five (5) minutes. The effect of change in speed suggests that increment in sieving speed above 750rpm or below 300rpm gives a low efficiency.

We present the case of a 65-year-old patient who developed a large posterobasal ventricular septal defect resulting from an extensive acute myocardial infarction involving the inferior and basal septum and wall. We repaired the interventricular lesion by verticalizing the cardiac apex to perform a left posterobasal ventriculotomy. We removed a great part of the residual infarcted tissue, leaving the residual scar in place. Our technique first involved creating a double-layer patch comprising heterologous pericardium and a non-collagen-impregnated Sauvage Dacron patch, fixed with single pledgeted U-stitches from the right side of the anterior septum; then we applied a third layer of heterologous pericardium on the left side of the septum in order to have only a pericardial surface in contact with blood on both ventricular sides. A running suture was used to complete the procedure from the middle to the posterior rim of the ventricular septal defect. The final triple-layer patch allowed us to obtain a complete and durable closure of the defect. The subsequent closure of the left ventriculotomy was performed with a similar bilayer pericardium-Dacron patch (always leaving pericardium on the internal surface). This technique proved effective, guaranteeing resistance to suture stress, less risk of leakage, and reduced thrombogenicity.

This research suggests using triple-layer remote phosphor (TRP) to improve the color quality and luminous flux coming out of white LEDs (WLEDs). The TRP structure contains three different phosphor layers: beneath is the yellow phosphor YAG:Ce3+, a red phosphor LiInO2:Eu3+ above, and a green phosphor Zn2GeO4:Mn2+ in within. Controlling the red-light composition with a red phosphor layer LiInO2:Eu3+ leads to a higher color rendering index (CRI). Thus, increase the luminous efficacy (LE) of WLEDs using a green phosphor layer of CaLaB3O7:Ce3+,Mn2+ to monitor green light composition. Additionally, when increasing these two phosphor concentrations, the yellow concentration YAG:Ce3+ decreases to keep the average correlated color temperatures (ACCTs) within 6000K - 8500K. Besides CRI and LE, controlling green and red phosphor concentration is also a way to analyze the color quality scale (CQS). The study result shows that the higher the LiInO2:Eu3+ concentration, the greater the CRI value. However, CRI significantly reduces when increasing Zn2GeO4:Mn2+ concentration. Meanwhile, CQS can raise a substantial amount in the concentration range of 10%-14% LiInO2:Eu3+, flout LiInO2:Eu3+ concentration. Peculiarly, parallel with the improvement of CRI and CQS, LE also grows over 40% due to a decrease in backscattering light and added green light. This research may be valuable for manufactures for improving the color quality and luminous flux of WLEDs.

In this manuscript, we presented a research that enhance the performance of WLED using the multi-phosphor configuration. The phosphor layers in the research are separated from each other to achieved better luminous efficiency, however, it makes controlling color light quality more complex. Another issue is finding out the whether two layers of phosphor or three layers of phosphor is better in improving color quality. The research addressed this issue by analyzing the optical aspects of the respective WLEDs that employ these structure. The studied aspects are quality indicators such as luminous efficacy (LE), and color uniformity, color rendering index (CRI), color quality scale (CQS). The results of the experiments in this research, which come from the employment of WLEDs with 2 color temperatures 5600 K and 8500, suggest that WLED with three phosphor layers is better in CRI, CQS, LE. This type of phosphor structure also limits the color deviation significantly, thus, improves the color uniformity. This results is verifies with Mie theory, therefore, can be applied as reference or guideline for production of better WLEDs

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection appears as a global burden to public health...

Remote phosphor structure has higher luminous efficiency comparing to that of both conformal phosphor and in-cup phosphor structures. However, it is hard to control the color quality of remote phosphor structure, and this issue has become one of the most researchable objectives to many researchers in recent years. Up to now, there are two remote phosphor structures applied to improve the color quality, including dual-layer phosphor configuration and triple-layer phosphor configuration. The purpose of this research is to select one of those configurations to have multi-chip white LEDs (WLEDs) achieved the highest color rendering index (CRI), color quality scale (CQS), luminous efficacy (LE), and color uniformity. In this research, WLEDs with two correlated color temperatures (CCT) of 6600K and 7700K were applied. The obtained results showed that triple-layer phosphor configuration is more outstanding in CRI, CQS, and LE. Moreover, the color deviation has been significantly reduced, which means the color uniformity has been enhanced with the application of triple-layer phosphor configuration. These results can be proven by scattering properties of phosphor layers based on Mie theory. Thus, the researched results have become a reliable and valuable reference for manufacturing higher-quality WLEDs.

Small-diameter tissue-engineered vascular grafts are urgently needed for clinic arterial substitute. To simulate the structures and functions of natural blood vessels, we designed a novel triple-layer poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) fibrous vascular graft by combining E-jet 3D printing and electrospinning techniques. The resultant vascular graft consisted of an interior layer comprising 3D-printed highly aligned strong fibers, a middle layer made by electrospun densely fibers, and an exterior structure composed of mixed fibers fabricated by co-electrospraying. The biocompatible triple-layer graft was used for in vivo implantation, and results demonstrated that the longitudinally-aligned fibers within the lumen of the graft could enhance the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, while maintained good mechanical properties. The exterior layer provided a pathway that encouraged cells to migrate into the scaffold after implantation. This experimental graft overcame the limitations of conventionally electrospun vascular grafts of inadequate porosity and lowly cell penetration. The unique structure of the triple-layer vascular graft promoted cell growth and infiltration in vivo, thus provided an encouraging substitute for in situ tissue engineering.

The present study was to evaluate the survival rate of free and encapsulated Bifidobacterium bifidum BB28 under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and its stability during storage. Results showed that non-microencapsulated Bifidobacterium bifidum BB28 was more susceptible to simulated gastrointestinal conditions than microencapsulated bacteria. Microencapsulated Bifidobacterium BB28 exhibited a lower population reduction than free cells during exposure to simulated gastrointestinal conditions, the viable count of monolayer microcapsules, double layer microcapsules, and triple layer microcapsules decreased by nine magnitudes, four magnitudes, and one magnitude after 2 h, respectively. The enteric test showed that the microorganism cells were released from the monolayer, double layer, and triple layer microcapsules completely in 40 min. Moreover, the optimum storage times of free Bifidobacterium BB28, monolayer microcapsules, double layer microcapsules, and triple layer microcapsules were 21 days, 21 day...

The objective of this study was an assessment of on-farm storage practices for Bambara groundnut and roselle grains in Niger. It is based on a random sample of 164 farmers producing both crops in the Dosso and Maradi regions using a semi-structured questionnaire. Analysis of the data used Probit regression and budgeting. Fifty four percent of respondents use some type of potentially hermetic container for storage of Bambara groundnut and 46% use that type of container for roselle. Potentially, hermetic containers include metal drums, plastic jugs, and single, double and triple layer plastic bags. About 67% of the quantity of Bambara groundnut stored was in potentially hermetic containers and 58% of roselle. Triple layer Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags were used mainly by Bambara groundnut farmers storing larger quantities. While only about 10% of the respondents reported storing Bambara groundnuts in PICS bags. The quantity stored by those respondents is quite large, so about 39% of the total quantity of Bambara groundnut stored by the respondents was stored in PICS bags. For roselle, PICS bags were used by 4% of respondents for only 3% of quantity stored. Profitability of using PICS bags for one or two years is comparable to that achieved with the common practice of storing in woven bags with insecticide. While PICS bags use does not increase profitability substantially compared to insecticide use, it does allow the producer to reduce pesticide exposure and the associated health risks. Key words: Adoption, Bambara groundnut, hermetic storage, profitability, roselle.

As a fundamental security problem, counterfeits pose a tremendous threat to public health and social economy. Herein, we exploit multi-functional nanoinks made of one-dimensional silicon-based nanohybrids for constructing fluorescent and plasmonic security tags. Of particular significance, the presented security solution exhibits triple-layer authentication model, simultaneously featuring the advantages of physical unclonable functions (PUFs), huge-encoding capacity algorithm and artificial intelligence technique. In macroscale, the multi-color fluorescence security signals are used as the first layer, which can be verified through portable smartphone. In the second security layer, the unclonable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) security signals at low-level magnification could be visualized using confocal Raman system. Taking advantages of coarse grained and quaternary encrypting of signals from Raman at each pixel, the encoding capacity reaches 6.43 × 1024082, which is much higher than the value (i.e., 3 × 1015051) ever reported. In the third layer, the aggregated SERS signals at high-level magnification Raman mapping produce unrepeatable patterns with shape-specific information. By further applying specifically artificial intelligence (AI), faint features of different SERS images are extracted and trained, allowing 98–100% of recognition accuracy after 1000 learning cycles. Such triple-layer security solution ensures the PUFs, huge encoding capacity and AI authentication simultaneously, providing newly high-performance platform of unbreakable anti-counterfeiting.

Adsorption is the most important geochemical process that regulates trace element concentrations in natural water. The behavior of solutes adsorbed onto mineral surfaces depends on conditions in the solution, including pH, ionic strength, and concentrations of competing components. Surface complexation modeling (SCM) is the commonly accepted way to model the effect of variable solution conditions on adsorption. Extended Triple Layer Model (ETLM) is a SCM for ion adsorption to minerals developed by Prof. Sverjensky group. It considers adsorption reaction on mineral surfaces that contain one type of amphoteric surface hydroxyl, in combination with a triple layer model for the electrostatic interaction. The amphoteric surface hydroxyl represents an average of the actual surface sites. The ETLM implements the site occupancy standard states for the activities of surface species, which enables the direct comparison of the adsorption constants. ETLM has the minimum complexity required to realistically represent adsorption processes with the least number of parameters. The ETLM can provide predictions of adsorption behavior and surface speciation that are consistent with independent spectroscopic observations. Nowadays, ETLM can be used in many conventional geochemical codes. Practical application of ETLM in geochemical modeling will require an expansion of the inter-consistent database for the adsorption of various solutes on minerals. This review describes the theoretical background and conventions needed to estimate inter-consistent ETLM parameters. We review the surface charge characteristics of minerals in general, the experimental acquisition of their surface charges, the theory and conventions associated with the modeling of surface charges in the ETLM, and the procedure used to parameterize them. The acquisition of adequate adsorption data, the theory needed to model solute adsorption, and the procedure for parameterizing adsorption are then described. Finally, we introduce the features of a newly developed program, ETL(MIN)2, that facilitates the application of the ETLM, including model parameterization.