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We consider two extensions of the so-called DGKT solution, a 4d scale-separated anti-de Sitter (AdS) solution obtained as a compactification on a 6d torus orbifold. Each extension consists in a specific large $n$ expansion beyond the DGKT solution, where $n$ is the unbounded $F_4$-flux parameter. One of the extensions considered generalizes the known warped, partially backreacted solution. We analyse the two extensions in 10d massive type IIA supergravity as well as in a 4d effective theory, using a general warped compactification formalism, including axions. On top of known corrections to DGKT, we mainly get new ones from $F_4$; other fluxes are very constrained by flux quantization. In each extension, one would expect corresponding corrections to the mass spectrum, before reaching contributions from $\alpha'$-corrections. But the mass spectrum turns out to be robust, and conformal dimensions remain unchanged., Comment: v2: minor additions

We present minimally supersymmetric AdS$_4$ flux vacua derived from massive type IIA compactified on $T^6/\mathbb{Z}_3\times \mathbb{Z}_3$ orbifold, characterized by unconstrained fluxes with general scaling. We discover anisotropic scaling solutions where scale separation is realized in the supergravity limit and the subvolumes of the internal space become large and anisotropic for large values of unconstrained fluxes. Additionally, we identify regimes where subvolumes are either shrinking or remain constant while scale separation is either broken or realized. Then we employ a probe anti-D4-brane to interpolate between vacua, finding that it interpolates through the regimes we previously identified. Finally, we utilize an open string modulus of the anti-D4-brane to calculate the distance between vacua for the regime where scale separation is realized in the supergravity limit. We show the dependence of both the geodesic distance and the distance conjecture parameter on the flux scaling., Comment: 27 pages

The Weak Gravity Conjecture predicts that in quantum gravity there should exist overcharged states, that is states with charge larger than their mass. Extending this to large masses and charges, we are expecting similar overcharged classical solutions. This has been demonstrated in higher-derivative extensions of General Relativity. In this paper we investigate the existence of overcharged solutions in General Relativity. We study the dynamics of a thin shell of mass $m$ and charge $Q$ under the action of its own gravitational and $U(1)$ fields. We show that shells with surface energy $\sigma$ and pressure $P$ obeying $P=w\sigma$ with $0\leq w\leq 1$ are necessarily undercharged $m\geq |Q|$ and always collapse to form Reissner-Nordstr\"om black holes. Nevertheless, if $-1\leq w<0$, we find that overcharged $m\leq |Q|$ shells exist, which however, are inevitably stabilized at finite radial distance., Comment: 20 pages

We discuss minimally supersymmetric AdS$_3$ flux vacua of massive type IIA supergravity on G2-orientifolds. We find that configurations that are scale-separated can be within finite distance from non scale-separated ones, while both remain at large volume, weak coupling and have moduli stabilization. The transition is achieved with the use of a D4-brane modulus, which allows the $F_4$ flux to jump, and has an effective potential always accessible to the three-dimensional low-energy theory. Our analysis further allows us to check the distance conjecture quantitatively, as we can track explicitly the masses of the KK modes., Comment: 36 pages, v2

In this paper, we derive a characterisation of negative scalar potentials, $V<0$, in $d$-dimensional effective theories of quantum gravity. This is achieved thanks to an Anti-Trans-Planckian Censorship Conjecture (ATCC), inspired by a refined version of the TCC. The ATCC relies on the fact that in a contracting universe, modes that become sub-Planckian in length violate the validity of the effective theory. In the asymptotics of field space, we deduce that $-V'/V \geq c_0$ when $V' \geq 0$. The rate $c_0 = 2/\sqrt{(d-1)(d-2)}$ is successfully tested in several string compactifications for $d\geq 4$. In addition, a new asymptotic condition, $V''/V \geq c_0^2$, is derived. By extrapolation to anti-de Sitter solutions of radius $l$, we infer the existence of a scalar whose mass should obey $m^2 l^2 \lesssim -2$. This property is verified in many supersymmetric examples., Comment: 51 pages; v3: minor modifications and additions

We evaluate the backreaction of O6-planes in scale-separated $\text{AdS}_3$ flux vacua of massive Type IIA. Using the appropriate flux scaling we show that the corrections to the various background fields and moduli are controlled and subleading when going from smeared to localized sources. Similarly, the backreaction corrections to the scalar potential are parametrically small in the scale-separation limit, assuming always that the near-O6-plane singularities will find a resolution within string theory, even in the presence of a Romans mass. Our analysis is based on the equations of motion and therefore applies also to the non-supersymmetric vacua., Comment: 28 pages, v2: typos corrected, references added

We consider ${\cal N}=4$ conformal supergravity with an arbitrary holomorphic function of the complex scalar $S$ which parametrizes the $SU(1,1)/U(1)$ coset. Assuming non-vanishings vevs for $S$ and the scalars in a symmetric matrix $E_{ij}$ of the $\overline{\bf 10}$ of $SU(4)$ R-symmetry group, we determine the vacuum structure of the theory. We find that the possible vacua are classified by the number of zero eigenvalues of the scalar matrix and the spacetime is either Minkowski, de Sitter or anti-de Sitter. We determine the spectrum of the scalar fluctuations and we find that it contains tachyonic states which however can be removed by appropriate choice of the unspecified at the supergravity level holomorphic function. Finally, we also establish that $S$-supersymmetry is always broken whereas $Q$-supersymmetry exists only on flat Minkowski spacetime., Comment: 17 pages

We derive the 3D N=1 superpotential for the closed string sector of type IIB supergravity on toroidal O5 orientifolds with co-calibrated G2 structure and RR background flux. We find that such compactifications can provide full closed string moduli stabilization on supersymmetric AdS$_3$ vacua, and once we include brane-supersymmetry-breaking we also find indication for the existence of classical 3D de Sitter solutions. The latter however are rather difficult to reconcile with the shape moduli stabilization and flux quantization. We also discuss the possibility of achieving scale separation in AdS$_3$ and dS$_3$ vacua, but such effects seems to be hindered by the geometric flux quantization., Comment: 38 pages

We continue the study of compactifications of massive IIA supergravity on G2 orientifolds and demonstrate that breaking supersymmetry with anti-D2 and anti-D6 sources leads to 3d theories for which the typical tachyons haunting classical dS solutions can be absent. However for a concrete torus example the meta-stable dS window disappears after a quantization of fluxes and charges. We discuss the prospects of more general G2 compactifications and argue that they could potentially alleviate the tachyon problem by introducing larger tadpole numbers and warped throats. However, exactly those ingredients then seem to push the vacuum towards the brink of perturbative brane-flux decay in the open string sector. This is either a remarkable illustration of the no-dS swampland conjecture or such vacua live in very difficult to control regions of parameter space., Comment: 27 pages, 2 figures, v2, updated title and references

We discuss flux compactifications of IIA string theory on G2 holonomy spaces with O2/O6-planes to three dimensions and find two classes of solutions: 1) No-scale Minkowski vacua from NSNS 3-form fluxes and RR 4-form fluxes. 2) By adding Romans mass we find AdS$_3$ vacua for which the AdS scale can be decoupled completely from the KK scale while the solution is at tunable weak coupling and large volume. For the AdS$_3$ vacuum we only have a proper 3D description (i.e. smeared orientifold description) of the solution like the 4D analogue of IIA moduli stabilization from fluxes and O6-planes. This 3D description reveals that moduli with non-compact moduli spaces can be stabilized at the classical level. For both types of vacua we can have supersymmetry or not., Comment: 42 pages, v2, corrected few typos

We embed a new three-form vector multiplet in ${\cal N}=1$ supergravity and we show that it can be used to generate dynamically the Hilbert--Einstein term. We then recast the theory into the standard Freedman model and we argue that a pure Fayet--Iliopoulos term is in tension with the weak gravity conjecture. Finally, we couple the three-form to a super-membrane and study BPS domain walls within matter-coupled supergravity. In these models, the Planck mass takes different values on the domain wall sides., Comment: 44 pages, 3 plots, published version

We investigate the cosmology of mini Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) produced by large density perturbations. The mini PBHs evaporate promptly in the early universe and we assume that a stable remnant is left behind. The PBHs remnants can constitute the entire dark matter of the universe for a wide range of remnant masses. We build inflationary models, in the framework of $\alpha$-attractors utilizing exponential functions, in which the PBHs are produced during matter, radiation and kination domination eras. The advantage of these inflationary models is that the spectral index takes values favorable by the Planck 2018 data. The PBH production from runaway inflaton models has the unique and very attractive feature to automatically reheat the universe. In these models the PBHs are produced during the kination stage and their prompt evaporation efficiently produces the required entropy. Such runaway models are remarkably economic having interesting implications for the early universe cosmology, possibly giving rise to a wCDM late time cosmology as well., Comment: 20 pages, 13 figures, plain text

We consider primordial black hole (PBH) production in inflationary $\alpha$-attractors. We discuss two classes of models, namely models with a minimal polynomial superpotential as well as modulated chaotic ones that admit PBHs. We find that a significant amplification of the curvature power spectrum ${\cal P_R}$ can be realized in this class of models with a moderate tuning of the potential parameters. We consistently examine the PBH formation during radiation and additionally during reheating eras where the background pressure is negligible. It is shown that basic features of the curvature power spectrum are explicitly related with the postinflationary cosmic evolution and that the PBH mass and abundance expressions are accordingly modified. PBHs in the mass range $10^{-16}-10^{-14} \, M_{\odot}$ can form with a cosmologically relevant abundance for a power spectrum peak ${\cal P_R} \sim 10^{-2}$ and large reheating temperature and, furthermore, for a moderate peak ${\cal P_R} \sim 10^{-5}$ and reheating temperature $T_\text{rh}\sim 10^7$ GeV, characteristic of the position of the power spectrum peak. Regarding the CMB observables, the $\alpha$-attractor models utilized here to generate PBH in the low-mass region predict in general a smaller $n_s$ and larger $r$ and $\alpha_s$ parameter values compared to the conventional inflationary $\alpha$-attractor models., Comment: 34 pages, 12 figures with 33 plots. Minor corrections. References added. In this version there are updated parameters for our inflationary models in accordance with the Planck 2018 results. Journal version