2,084 results on '"Trichophyton isolation & purification"'
Search Results
2. Current epidemiology of tinea corporis and tinea cruris causative species: Analysis of data from a major commercial laboratory, United States.
- Author
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Zarzeka D, Benedict K, McCloskey M, Lockhart SR, Lipner SR, and Gold JAW
- Subjects
- Humans, United States epidemiology, Male, Female, Adult, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Tinea epidemiology, Tinea diagnosis, Tinea microbiology
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest Dr Lipner has served as a consultant for Ortho-Dermatologics, Moberg Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly, and BelleTorus Corporation. Authors Zarzeka, Benedict, and McCloskey, Drs Lockhart and Gold have no conflicts of interest to declare.
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- 2024
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3. [Skin lesions on the hands due to a prickly guest].
- Author
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IJkelenstam-Koek M, de Jager SA, and Kemperman PMJH
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Animals, Zoonoses diagnosis, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Hedgehogs microbiology, Tinea diagnosis, Tinea drug therapy, Tinea microbiology, Trichophyton isolation & purification
- Abstract
This case describes a 58-year-old woman who presented to the dermatology outpatient clinic with progressive skin lesions on the hands. Physical examination showed erythematosquamous plaques. The diagnosis zoonotic dermatomycosis was made based on fungal cultures, which showed a Trichophyton erinacei. This dermatophyte is particularly transmitted through hedgehogs. The patient appeared to have taken care of an infected hedgehog.
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- 2024
4. Treatment-resistant tinea caused by Trichophyton indotineae in Australia.
- Author
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Chua KY, Halliday CL, Chen SC, Koning S, Pawlikowski J, du Cros P, and Korman TM
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- Humans, Male, Australia, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Adult, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Tinea drug therapy, Tinea diagnosis, Tinea microbiology, Trichophyton drug effects, Trichophyton isolation & purification
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- 2024
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5. The Brief Case: A case of tinea corporis caused by drug-resistant Trichophyton indotineae identified by broad-range fungal DNA sequencing.
- Author
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Smith A, Wong-O'Brien B, Lieberman JA, Cookson BT, Grinager E, and Truong TT
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- Humans, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Tinea microbiology, Tinea drug therapy, Tinea diagnosis, Trichophyton genetics, Trichophyton drug effects, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Trichophyton classification, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Drug Resistance, Fungal genetics, DNA, Fungal genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Abstract
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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- 2024
- Full Text
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6. Refractory tinea corporis or cruris caused by Trichophyton indotineae .
- Author
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Avery EG, Ricciuto DR, and Kus JV
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- Humans, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Male, Female, Tinea drug therapy, Tinea diagnosis, Tinea microbiology, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Competing interests:: Julianne Kus is chair of the mycology scientific committee with the Institute for Quality Management in Healthcare. None declared.
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- 2024
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7. Chrysosporium articulatum mimicking Trichophyton spp. infection in a cat: a case presentation and literature review.
- Author
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Kizerwetter-Świda M, Bąk I, Biegańska MJ, Dembele K, and Chrobak-Chmiel D
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- Cats, Animals, Diagnosis, Differential, Male, Dermatomycoses veterinary, Dermatomycoses diagnosis, Dermatomycoses microbiology, Cat Diseases microbiology, Cat Diseases diagnosis, Tinea veterinary, Tinea diagnosis, Tinea microbiology, Chrysosporium isolation & purification, Chrysosporium genetics, Trichophyton isolation & purification
- Abstract
Background: Dermatophytosis is a common skin infection of cats and many other animals. A reliable diagnosis is crucial because of the zoonotic potential of dermatophytes. The routine mycological diagnostic procedures for dermatophytosis are widely known, but in the case of some isolates, identification based on phenotypic characteristics may be incorrect. Infections caused by Chrysosporium spp. are usually described in reptiles, but in other animals they are uncommon., Case Presentation: This study presents a description of a cat with dermatological lesions, that was mistakenly diagnosed with Trichophyton spp. dermatophytosis. Clinical material for mycological examination was collected from alopecic areas on the back of the neck, the ventral abdomen, and the hindlimbs. The initial identification based on phenotypic properties indicated Trichophyton spp. The result of the MALDI-ToF MS allowed the exclusion of the Trichophyton genus. Ultimately, the correct identification as Chrysosporium articulatum was obtained based on the sequencing of ribosomal genes., Conclusions: Interpretation of the results of the mycological examination of samples collected from animals' skin or hair shafts is always challenging. Thus, careful consideration of the primary cause of the clinical lesions observed on the skin is mandatory, and the culture results are worth supporting by molecular methods., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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8. The Mystery of an Inflamed "Soul Patch".
- Author
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Brockmeyer K and McMahon P
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Young Adult, Ketoconazole therapeutic use, Ketoconazole administration & dosage, Terbinafine therapeutic use, Terbinafine administration & dosage, Tinea drug therapy, Tinea diagnosis, Animals, Dogs, Naphthalenes therapeutic use, Naphthalenes administration & dosage, Hair Preparations, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Antifungal Agents administration & dosage
- Abstract
A 20-year-old man had developed dermatitis on his scalp and facial hair between his lower lip and chin, his 'soul patch', for one month. He initially presented to urgent care, where the dermatitis was attributed to Herpes simplex infection, for which he was treated with both oral valacyclovir and topical acyclovir. When no change was observed, he consulted his pediatrician, who prescribed oral clindamycin and referred him to dermatology. Physical examination revealed a crusted plaque on an erythematous and edematous base at the lower cutaneous border of the lower lip (Figure 1). Examination additionally revealed an erythematous scaling plaque on the left temporal area with associated flaking, tenderness, and hair loss and left-sided cervical lymphadenopathy. A fungal culture grew Trichophyton mentagrophytes , but a bacterial culture did not grow. Further investigation revealed that he had a dog; however, no other animal contact to account for a fungal reservoir was present. He was successfully treated with oral terbinafine for 6 weeks, plus ketoconazole 2% shampoo and ketoconazole 2% cream with complete reso-lution (Figure 2).
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- 2024
9. Prevalence and risk factors for onychomycosis in acute care dermatology wards.
- Author
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Inoue T, Watabe D, Furukawa M, Goto M, Kamada H, Sato Y, Arakawa N, Miura S, Sato T, Yasuhira S, Tsunemi Y, and Amano H
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- Humans, Female, Male, Cross-Sectional Studies, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Aged, Risk Factors, Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Foot Dermatoses epidemiology, Foot Dermatoses microbiology, Foot Dermatoses diagnosis, Young Adult, Japan epidemiology, Adolescent, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Nails microbiology, Nails pathology, Hand Dermatoses epidemiology, Hand Dermatoses microbiology, Hand Dermatoses diagnosis, Arthrodermataceae, Onychomycosis epidemiology, Onychomycosis diagnosis, Onychomycosis microbiology
- Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional study on the clinical and mycological features of onychomycosis in patients in the dermatology ward of Iwate Medical University Hospital, an acute care hospital. Of the 226 hospitalized patients, 73 (32.3%) had onychomycosis and 61 (26.9%) were diagnosed after admission. The toenail was the most common site of onychomycosis (94.5%), while toenail plus fingernail and fingernail only sites were 4.1% and 1.4%, respectively. The most common clinical form of onychomycosis was distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis (79%) with Trichophyton rubrum (66.7%) and T. interdigitale (27.8%) as the main causative species. Patients who were older, or had neurological diseases, or needed stretcher transfer had onychomycosis significantly more frequently than those who were obese, had diabetes, cancer, needed an escort for moving, or could move independently. Our study suggests that there is likely to be a significant number of untreated and undiagnosed patients with onychomycosis in acute care hospitals. Therefore, it is necessary to increase awareness of onychomycosis in hospitals., (© 2024 Japanese Dermatological Association.)
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- 2024
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10. Black Dot Tinea Capitis.
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Wang X
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Tinea Capitis drug therapy, Tinea Capitis diagnosis
- Published
- 2024
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11. [Persistent dermatomycosis due toTrichophyton indotineae].
- Author
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Buil JB, Meijer EFJ, den Reijer M, Zeeuwen-Franssen MEJ, Melchers WJG, and Verweij PE
- Subjects
- Humans, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Trichophyton drug effects, Dermatomycoses drug therapy, Dermatomycoses diagnosis, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Tinea drug therapy, Tinea diagnosis
- Abstract
Trichophyton indotineae is a recently identified dermatophyte that frequently causes extensive and persistent dermatomycosis, particularly tinea corporis, tinea cruris, and tinea faciei. The infection is frequently encountered in countries of the Indian subcontinent and surrounding areas. In Europe, T. indotineae has mainly been detected in patients with an epidemiological link to the aforementioned regions. Unlike dermatomycoses caused by other dermatophyte species, infections caused by T. indotineae often exhibit treatment failure with commonly prescribed antifungal drugs. Reduced susceptibility to terbinafine is often observed in T. indotineae . In addition, reduced susceptibility to itraconazole has also been reported. Due to the extensive and persistent nature of the infection, as well as the reduced susceptibility to antifungal drugs, international experts recommend aggressive treatment of T. indotineae using a combination of oral and topical antifungals. Susceptibility testing may be warranted to guide treatment decisions. Early recognition of T. indotineae infections is crucial to prevent prolonged recurrences.
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- 2024
12. Diagnostic ability of Peptidase S8 gene in the Arthrodermataceae causing dermatophytoses: A metadata analysis.
- Author
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Kenjar AR, Mohan Raj JR, Girisha BS, and Karunasagar I
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- Humans, Tinea microbiology, Tinea diagnosis, Subtilisin genetics, Trichophyton genetics, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Phylogeny, Fungal Proteins genetics, Arthrodermataceae genetics, Arthrodermataceae isolation & purification
- Abstract
An unambiguous identification of dermatophytes causing dermatophytoses is necessary for accurate clinical diagnosis and epidemiological implications. In the current taxonomy of the Arthrodermataceae, the etiological agents of dermatophytoses consist of seven genera and members of the genera Trichophyton are the most prevalent etiological agents at present. The genera Trichophyton consists of 16 species that are grouped as clades, but the species borderlines are not clearly delimited. The aim of the present study was to determine the discriminative power of subtilisin gene variants (SUB1-SUB12) in family Arthrodermataceae, particularly in Trichophyton. Partial and complete reads from 288 subtilisin gene sequences of 12 species were retrieved and a stringent filtering following two different approaches for analysis (probability of correct identification (PCI) and gene gap analysis) conducted to determine the uniqueness of the subtilisin gene subtypes. SUB1 with mean PCI value of 60% was the most suitable subtilisin subtype for specific detection of T.rubrum complex, however this subtype is not reported in members of T. mentagrophytes complex which is one of the most prevalent etiological agent at present. Hence, SUB7 with 40% PCI value was selected for testing its discriminative power in Trichophyton species. SUB7 specific PCR based detection of dermatophytes was tested for sensitivity and specificity. Sequences of SUB7 from 42 isolates and comparison with the ITS region showed that differences within the subtilisin gene can further be used to differentiate members of the T. mentagrophytes complex. Further, subtilisin cannot be used for the differentiation of T. benhamiae complex since all SUB subtypes show low PCI scores. Studies on the efficiency and limitations of the subtilisin gene as a diagnostic tool are currently limited. Our study provides information that will guide researchers in considering this gene for identifying dermatophytes causing dermatophytoses in human and animals., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Kenjar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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- 2024
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13. Dual quantitative PCR assays for the rapid detection of Trichophyton indotineae from clinical samples.
- Author
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Baron A, Hamane S, Gits-Muselli M, Legendre L, Benderdouche M, Mingui A, Ghelfenstein-Ferreira T, Alanio A, and Dellière S
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- Humans, DNA, Fungal genetics, Trichophyton genetics, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Trichophyton classification, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques methods, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer genetics, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Tinea diagnosis, Tinea microbiology, Sensitivity and Specificity
- Abstract
Trichophyton indotineae is an emerging species of the Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex (TMC), responsible for an epidemic of widespread hairless skin infections that is frequently (50-70%) resistant to terbinafine. In order to initiate appropriate treatment as quickly as possible without waiting for culture positivity (10-15 days) and molecular identification from the strain, we developed a dual quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the direct detection of T. indotineae in clinical samples. We first designed a T. indotineae-specific qPCR assay (TI-qPCR) targeting a single specific polymorphism in the internal transcribed spacer region. Although none of the 94 non-dermatophyte and 7 dermatophyte species were amplified, this TI-qPCR allowed amplification of other TMC species at a lower yield. With equal amounts (0.1 ng) of DNA per reaction, the mean quantitative cycle (Cq) values for T. indotineae and non-indotineae TMC were 27.9 (±0.1) and 38.9 (±0.3), respectively. Therefore, we normalized this assay against a previously validated pan-dermatophyte qPCR assay (PD-qPCR) and relied on the ΔCq [(TI-qPCR) - (PD-qPCR)] to identify T. indotineae versus other TMC species. Dual assay was validated using 86 clinical samples of culture-confirmed T. indotinea and 19 non-indotineae TMC cases. The mean ΔCq for non-indotineae TMC was 9.6 ± 2.7, whereas the ΔCq for T. indotinea was -1.46 ± 2.1 (P < .001). Setting the ΔCq at 4.5 as a cutoff value resulted in 100% specificity for the detection of T. indotineae. This dual qPCR assay quickly detects T. indotineae from skin scrapings, aiding in early diagnosis and treatment for patients with suspected infection., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The International Society for Human and Animal Mycology.)
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- 2024
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14. Epidemiology and management of tinea capitis in France: A 6-year nationwide retrospective survey.
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Gangneux JP, Miossec C, Machouart M, Gits-Muselli M, Benderdouche M, Ranque S, Botterel F, and Brun S
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- Humans, Retrospective Studies, France epidemiology, Child, Adolescent, Child, Preschool, Male, Female, Arthrodermataceae isolation & purification, Arthrodermataceae classification, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Prevalence, Surveys and Questionnaires, Infant, Adult, Tinea Capitis epidemiology, Tinea Capitis microbiology, Tinea Capitis drug therapy, Microsporum isolation & purification
- Abstract
Tinea capitis (TC) is still a frequent dermatophytosis in France, both autochthonous and imported. A nationwide retrospective survey was performed and a total of 4395 TC cases were recorded within 36 French mycology laboratories during a 6-year period. TC is a disease that occurs in childhood with 85% of the cases occurring before 10 years old and 94% before the age of 15. Anthropophilic origin was predominant with 779 cases of Trichophyton tonsurans (32.6%), 738 cases of Trichophyton soudanense/T. violaceum (31%), and 445 cases of Microsporum audouinii (19.2%). Of note, T. tonsurans represents more than 80% of the cases in the French West Indies (Martinique and Guadeloupe). By contrast, zoophilic species were less prevalent with mainly M. canis (10.3%) confirming the shift from zoophilic to anthropophilic species observed in many centers during the last decades. During this survey, diagnosis methods were also collected. Most labs had a classical process for the diagnosis: microscopic direct examination associated to cultures on Sabouraud and Sabouraud-cycloheximide media (incubated between 25 ± 5°C for at least 3 weeks) in all laboratories. Identification of the causal dermatophyte was performed by microscopic and macroscopic examination of the cultures in 100% of the labs, with various specific culture media available when fructification was insufficient (mainly malt or potato-dextrose agar, or Borelli medium). New techniques were also implemented with the introduction of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry identification in more than two third of the labs, and molecular identification available if necessary in half of the labs., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The International Society for Human and Animal Mycology.)
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- 2024
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15. Trichophyton verrucosum.
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Svendsen SV, Astvad KMT, Lützen L, Pedersen KS, and Svendsen MT
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- Humans, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Male, Tinea microbiology, Tinea drug therapy, Tinea diagnosis, Trichophyton isolation & purification
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- 2024
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16. Clinical Course, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Genomic Sequencing of Trichophyton indotineae.
- Author
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Caplan AS, Todd GC, Zhu Y, Sikora M, Akoh CC, Jakus J, Lipner SR, Graber KB, Acker KP, Morales AE, Rolón RMM, Westblade LF, Fonseca M, Cline A, Gold JAW, Lockhart SR, Smith DJ, Chiller T, Greendyke WG, Manjari SR, Banavali NK, and Chaturvedi S
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Adult, Aged, Adolescent, Child, Young Adult, Whole Genome Sequencing, Squalene Monooxygenase genetics, New York City epidemiology, Terbinafine pharmacology, Terbinafine administration & dosage, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Cohort Studies, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Antifungal Agents administration & dosage, Tinea drug therapy, Tinea microbiology, Tinea diagnosis, Trichophyton drug effects, Trichophyton genetics, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Microbial Sensitivity Tests
- Abstract
Importance: Trichophyton indotineae is an emerging dermatophyte causing outbreaks of extensive tinea infections often unresponsive to terbinafine. This species has been detected worldwide and in multiple US states, yet detailed US data on infections with T indotineae are sparse and could improve treatment practices and medical understanding of transmission., Objective: To correlate clinical features of T indotineae infections with in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing results, squalene epoxidase gene sequence variations, and isolate relatedness using whole-genome sequencing., Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cohort study of patients with T indotineae infections in New York City spanned May 2022 to May 2023. Patients with confirmed T indotineae infections were recruited from 6 New York City medical centers., Main Outcome and Measure: Improvement or resolution at the last follow-up assessment., Results: Among 11 patients with T indotineae (6 male and 5 female patients; median [range] age, 39 [10-65] years), 2 were pregnant; 1 had lymphoma; and the remainder were immunocompetent. Nine patients reported previous travel to Bangladesh. All had widespread lesions with variable scale and inflammation, topical antifungal monotherapy failure, and diagnostic delays (range, 3-42 months). Terbinafine treatment failed in 7 patients at standard doses (250 mg daily) for prolonged duration; these patients also had isolates with amino acid substitutions at positions 393 (L393S) or 397 (F397L) in squalene epoxidase that correlated with elevated terbinafine minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.5 μg/mL or higher. Patients who were treated with fluconazole and griseofulvin improved in 2 of 4 and 2 of 5 instances, respectively, without correlation between outcomes and antifungal minimum inhibitory concentrations. Furthermore, 5 of 7 patients treated with itraconazole cleared or had improvement at the last follow-up, and 2 of 7 were lost to follow-up or stopped treatment. Based on whole-genome sequencing analysis, US isolates formed a cluster distinct from Indian isolates., Conclusion and Relevance: The results of this case series suggest that disease severity, diagnostic delays, and lack of response to typically used doses and durations of antifungals for tinea were common in this primarily immunocompetent patient cohort with T indotineae, consistent with published data. Itraconazole was generally effective, and the acquisition of infection was likely in Bangladesh.
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- 2024
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17. Resistant Trichophyton indotineae Dermatophytosis-An Emerging Pandemic, Now in the US.
- Author
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Bui TS and Katz KA
- Subjects
- Humans, United States epidemiology, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Pandemics, Male, Tinea epidemiology, Tinea drug therapy, Tinea microbiology, Tinea diagnosis, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Trichophyton isolation & purification
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- 2024
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18. Comment on: Report of terbinafine-resistant Trichophyton indotineae in a pregnant patient-A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.
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Clemente Hernández B, Muelas Rives I, Aldea Manrique B, Hernández Aragües I, López Gómez C, and Gracia Cazaña T
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- Humans, Female, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious drug therapy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious microbiology, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious diagnosis, Terbinafine therapeutic use, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Tinea drug therapy, Tinea diagnosis, Tinea microbiology, Trichophyton drug effects, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Drug Resistance, Fungal
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- 2024
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19. First reported case of Trichophyton indotineae dermatophytosis in Singapore.
- Author
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Tan TY, Wang YS, Wong XYA, Rajandran P, Tan MG, Tan AL, and Tan YE
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- Humans, Singapore, Male, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Middle Aged, Female, Tinea diagnosis, Tinea microbiology, Tinea pathology, Tinea drug therapy, Trichophyton isolation & purification
- Published
- 2024
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20. Antifungal-resistant Trichophyton indotineae: transmission warrants priority attention and international collaboration.
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Xie W, Kong X, Liu W, Liang G, and Li X
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- Humans, International Cooperation, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Tinea transmission, Tinea drug therapy, Tinea microbiology, Trichophyton drug effects, Trichophyton isolation & purification
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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- 2024
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21. Antifungal-resistant Trichophyton indotineae: transmission is occurring outside previously identified endemic areas - are we prepared?
- Author
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Abdolrasouli A and Hay RJ
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- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Adult, Aged, Endemic Diseases, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Tinea transmission, Tinea drug therapy, Tinea microbiology, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Trichophyton drug effects
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest A.A. has received honoraria for lectures and presentations from Gilead Sciences Ltd. R.J.H. declares no conflicts of interest.
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- 2024
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22. Epidemiology of Tinea Capitis Among School-Children in Dschang, Western Cameroon.
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Agokeng DAJ, Dabou S, Kabtani J, Agokeng KBD, Diongue K, Njateng GSS, and Ranque S
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- Humans, Cameroon epidemiology, Child, Male, Female, Adolescent, Cross-Sectional Studies, Child, Preschool, Prevalence, Surveys and Questionnaires, Microsporum isolation & purification, Risk Factors, Arthrodermataceae isolation & purification, Arthrodermataceae classification, Schools, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Tinea Capitis epidemiology, Tinea Capitis microbiology
- Abstract
Data on the epidemiology of tinea capitis (TC), an infection of the scalp by dermatophytes, are scarce in Cameroon. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TC among school-children in the Dschang Subdivision, Western Cameroon. A cross-sectional study was carried out in June 2021 in Dschang including pupils aged 5-13. First, a standardized questionnaire was administered to participant for the collection of sociodemographic data. Then, samples were collected and cultured onto Sabouraud-Chloramphenicol-Gentamicin Agar. The etiological agents were identified based on their morphological features and with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A total of 1070 children were clinically examined and 108 (10.1%) children presented with TC lesions. The mean age of the 1070 participants was 8.3 ± 2.6 years (range: 5-13 years); 772 (72.2%) were males. The use of borehole water (OR = 0.01,
95% CI[0.001-0.03]), spring water (OR = 0.2,95% CI[0.08-0.50]), rainwater (OR = 0.004,95% CI[0.001-0.016]), and hairdressing salons visits (OR = 0.413,95% CI[0.196-0.872]) were associated with a decreased TC risk in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. In contrast, sharing bed with siblings (OR = 4.48,95% CI[2.095-9.60]) was associated with an increased TC risk in children. Among the 32 dermatophytes isolated in culture, Microsporum audouinii was the most frequent (43.8%), followed by Trichophyton rubrum (25.0%) and T. soudanense (25.0%). Microsporum canis and T. violaceum were both rarely isolated. Further studies are warranted to assess the association of TC with domestic water usage that has been highlighted in this study., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)- Published
- 2024
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23. Extensive Multidrug-Resistant Dermatophytosis From Trichophyton indotineae.
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Bui TS, Chan JB, and Katz KA
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal, Female, Middle Aged, Tinea diagnosis, Tinea drug therapy, Tinea microbiology, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Antifungal Agents administration & dosage, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Trichophyton drug effects
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- 2024
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24. Molecular Detection of Dermatophytes and Nondermatophytes in Onychomycosis in Antalya, Turkey.
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Felek R, Ozyurt OK, Cetinkaya O, Ozhak B, Ongut G, Uzun S, Karakas AA, Ogunc D, and Ilkit M
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- Humans, Female, Male, Turkey epidemiology, Adult, Middle Aged, Aged, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization methods, Young Adult, Adolescent, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Trichophyton genetics, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques methods, Coinfection microbiology, Coinfection diagnosis, Coinfection epidemiology, Onychomycosis microbiology, Onychomycosis diagnosis, Arthrodermataceae isolation & purification, Arthrodermataceae genetics
- Abstract
Background: Onychomycosis is a chronic nail infection, and dermatophytes, yeasts, and nondermatophytic molds may be the causative agents. This study aimed to determine the etiological agents of onychomycosis by using conventional and molecular methods., Methods: Between June 2020 and July 2021, 37 patients with a presumptive diagnosis of onychomycosis and mycological evidence (culture and/or EUROArray Dermatomycosis assay) were included in the study. Organisms detected in cultured nail specimens were identified by combined phenotypic characteristics and by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). An EUROarray Dermatomycosis assay was used for molecular detection of fungal pathogens., Results: The EUROArray Dermatomycosis assay was positive for a single fungal target in 23 samples, and 14 samples were positive by culture. The most common pathogen was Trichophyton rubrum in both methods. Coinfection was detected in 14 samples by using molecular methods, and Trichophyton rubrum and Fusarium solani (9 samples) were the most common pathogens detected together. Trichophyton spp., nondermatophyte molds, and Candida spp. were detected in 33 (89.2%), 16 (43.2%), and 6 (16.2%) samples, respectively, when the two methods were evaluated together., Conclusions: Our results revealed that fungal culture allows the diagnosis of onychomycosis, but it is not as sensitive as the EUROArray Dermatomycosis test, especially in patients receiving antifungal therapy.
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- 2024
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25. Terbinafine-resistant Trichophyton indotineae causing extensive dermatophytosis in a returning traveller, London, UK.
- Author
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Abdolrasouli A, Borman AM, Johnson EM, Hay RJ, and Arias M
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- Humans, Male, London, Travel, Middle Aged, Female, Terbinafine therapeutic use, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Tinea drug therapy, Tinea microbiology, Tinea diagnosis, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Trichophyton drug effects, Drug Resistance, Fungal
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest A.A. has received honoraria for lectures and presentations from Gilead Sciences Ltd. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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- 2024
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26. Case Report: Diagnosing Dermatophytoses in Children.
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Bulińska B, Purzycka-Bohdan D, Rychlik K, Anzelewicz S, and Nowicki RJ
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- Humans, Male, Child, Female, Tinea diagnosis, Tinea drug therapy, Tinea microbiology, Child, Preschool, Diagnosis, Differential, Microsporum isolation & purification, Tinea Capitis diagnosis, Tinea Capitis drug therapy, Tinea Capitis microbiology, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Microsporidiosis diagnosis, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use
- Abstract
Dermatophytoses of the skin and scalp are common disorders in the pediatric population. The resemblance of the clinical presentation to other dermatoses can make fungal infections challenging to diagnose. We present three cases of dermatophytoses in children. The presence of fungi within skin lesions was confirmed in all cases. The diagnoses were "id" reaction in response to Trichophyton tonsurans infection, Kerion celsi because of Microsporum canis infection, and hair loss during microsporosis. Based on our review and clinical experience, we suggest diagnostic paths and treatments for dermatophytoses in children., Competing Interests: CONFLICTS OF INTEREST None to report., (Copyright © 2023 National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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27. Tinea corporis caused by Trichophyton benhamiae: report of the first case transmitted by guinea pig in Brazil.
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Longo CLS, Hercules FM, Azevedo FS, Ferreira ALP, and Orofino-Costa R
- Subjects
- Humans, Brazil, Animals, Guinea Pigs, Male, Female, Tinea microbiology, Tinea pathology, Tinea drug therapy, Trichophyton isolation & purification
- Published
- 2024
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28. Expert Panel Review of Skin and Hair Dermatophytoses in an Era of Antifungal Resistance.
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Hill RC, Caplan AS, Elewski B, Gold JAW, Lockhart SR, Smith DJ, and Lipner SR
- Subjects
- Humans, Trichophyton drug effects, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Risk Factors, Skin microbiology, Skin pathology, Skin drug effects, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Tinea drug therapy, Tinea diagnosis, Tinea microbiology, Drug Resistance, Fungal
- Abstract
Dermatophytoses are fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails that affect approximately 25% of the global population. Occlusive clothing, living in a hot humid environment, poor hygiene, proximity to animals, and crowded living conditions are important risk factors. Dermatophyte infections are named for the anatomic area they infect, and include tinea corporis, cruris, capitis, barbae, faciei, pedis, and manuum. Tinea incognito describes steroid-modified tinea. In some patients, especially those who are immunosuppressed or who have a history of corticosteroid use, dermatophyte infections may spread to involve extensive skin areas, and, in rare cases, may extend to the dermis and hair follicle. Over the past decade, dermatophytoses cases not responding to standard of care therapy have been increasingly reported. These cases are especially prevalent in the Indian subcontinent, and Trichophyton indotineae has been identified as the causative species, generating concern regarding resistance to available antifungal therapies. Antifungal-resistant dermatophyte infections have been recently recognized in the United States. Antifungal resistance is now a global health concern. When feasible, mycological confirmation before starting treatment is considered best practice. To curb antifungal-resistant infections, it is necessary for physicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for resistant dermatophyte infections coupled with antifungal stewardship efforts. Furthermore, by forging partnerships with federal agencies, state and local public health agencies, professional societies, and academic institutions, dermatologists can lead efforts to prevent the spread of antifungal-resistant dermatophytes., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
- Published
- 2024
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29. Successful treatment of classic Kaposi sarcoma with Trichophyton rubrum-infected onychomycosis and tinea pedis utilizing combination of oral itraconazole and thalidomide.
- Author
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Chen J, Zheng Y, Zhu C, Lin L, and Su H
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Aged, Treatment Outcome, Skin Neoplasms drug therapy, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Skin Neoplasms microbiology, Skin Neoplasms diagnosis, Skin Neoplasms complications, Administration, Oral, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Itraconazole administration & dosage, Itraconazole therapeutic use, Thalidomide administration & dosage, Thalidomide therapeutic use, Sarcoma, Kaposi drug therapy, Sarcoma, Kaposi complications, Sarcoma, Kaposi diagnosis, Onychomycosis drug therapy, Onychomycosis microbiology, Onychomycosis diagnosis, Drug Therapy, Combination methods, Tinea Pedis drug therapy, Tinea Pedis diagnosis, Tinea Pedis microbiology, Antifungal Agents administration & dosage, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Arthrodermataceae
- Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a vascular proliferative tumor caused by human herpesvirus 8. At present, the treatment of KS is difficult and refractory. Here, we report a 68-year-old man who was diagnosed with a classical KS with tinea pedis and onychomycosis, infected by Trichophyton rubrum, and treated with itraconazole and thalidomide after locational excision of several bigger nodules. The lesions were relieved during treatment, and recurred after discontinuation. Retreatment still achieved good effect and the therapy was tapered down after control. After the whole course of treatment, the skin lesions subsided significantly without obvious adverse reactions, which showed that itraconazole combined with thalidomide may be another effective and safe treatment for KS in some cases., (© 2023 Japanese Dermatological Association.)
- Published
- 2024
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30. Internal Transcribed Spacer Region Typing of Trichophyton interdigitale Isolated from Japanese Patients.
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Hiruma J, Nojo H, Tsuchihashi H, Noguchi H, Hiruma M, Harada K, and Kano R
- Subjects
- Humans, East Asian People, Phylogeny, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer genetics, Trichophyton classification, Trichophyton isolation & purification
- Abstract
Trichophyton interdigitale, an anthropophilic species, is one of the main causative agents of tinea unguium and tinea pedis. T. interdigitale and the zoophilic species T. mentagrophytes are morphologically and physiologically very similar. Isolates of the T. interdigitale/T. mentagrophytes complex from around the world have been classified into more than 10 internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genotypes. In this study, we isolated T. interdigitale from Japanese patients and investigated which ITS type was more common. The ITS regions of 29 clinical isolates of T. interdigitale and one clinical isolate of T. mentagrophytes were sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis of the ITS region sequences revealed that the 29 isolates of T. interdigitale belong to ITS type II of T. interdigitale. The one clinical isolate of T. mentagrophytes was in the same cluster with ITS type II* of T. mentagrophytes. One terbinafine-resistant strain of T. interdigitale also belonged to ITS type II of T. interdigitale., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
- Published
- 2023
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31. Discovery of New Trichophyton Members, T. persicum and T. spiraliforme spp. nov., as a Cause of Highly Inflammatory Tinea Cases in Iran and Czechia.
- Author
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Čmoková A, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Kuklová I, Kolařík M, Shamsizadeh F, Ansari S, Gharaghani M, Miňovská V, Najafzadeh MJ, Nouripour-Sisakht S, Yaguchi T, Zomorodian K, Zarrinfar H, and Hubka V
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Animals, Cat Diseases microbiology, Cat Diseases transmission, Cats, Cattle, Cattle Diseases microbiology, Cattle Diseases transmission, Child, Child, Preschool, Czech Republic epidemiology, Dog Diseases microbiology, Dog Diseases transmission, Dogs, Female, Humans, Iran epidemiology, Male, Microsatellite Repeats genetics, Middle Aged, Phylogeny, Retrospective Studies, Tinea transmission, Trichophyton genetics, Young Adult, Zoonoses microbiology, Zoonoses transmission, Tinea epidemiology, Tinea microbiology, Trichophyton classification, Trichophyton isolation & purification
- Abstract
Pathogens from the Trichophyton benhamiae complex are one of the most important causes of animal mycoses with significant zoonotic potential. In light of the recently revised taxonomy of this complex, we retrospectively identified 38 Trichophyton isolates that could not be resolved into any of the existing species. These strains were isolated from Iranian and Czech patients during molecular epidemiological surveys on dermatophytosis and were predominantly associated with highly inflammatory tinea corporis cases, suggesting possible zoonotic etiology. Subsequent phylogenetic (4 markers), population genetic (10 markers), and phenotypic analyses supported recognition of two novel species. The first species, Trichophyton persicum sp. nov., was identified in 36 cases of human dermatophytosis and one case of feline dermatophytosis, mainly in Southern and Western Iran. The second species, Trichophyton spiraliforme sp. nov., is only known from a single case of tinea corporis in a Czech patient who probably contracted the infection from a dog. Although the zoonotic sources of infections summarized in this study are very likely, little is known about the host spectrum of these pathogens. Awareness of these new pathogens among clinicians should refine our knowledge about their poorly explored geographic distribution. IMPORTANCE In this study, we describe two novel agents of dermatophytosis and summarize the clinical manifestation of infections. These new pathogens were discovered thanks to long-term molecular epidemiological studies conducted in Czechia and Iran. Zoonotic origins of the human infections are highly probable, but the animal hosts of these pathogens are poorly known. Further research is needed to refine our knowledge about these new dermatophytes.
- Published
- 2021
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32. Evaluation of DermaGenius ® resistance real-time polymerase chain reaction for rapid detection of terbinafine-resistant Trichophyton species.
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Singh A, Singh P, Dingemans G, Meis JF, and Chowdhary A
- Subjects
- Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Arthrodermataceae drug effects, Arthrodermataceae genetics, Arthrodermataceae isolation & purification, Genes, Fungal, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Terbinafine therapeutic use, Tinea drug therapy, Drug Resistance, Fungal genetics, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Tinea microbiology, Trichophyton drug effects, Trichophyton genetics, Trichophyton isolation & purification
- Abstract
Background: Treatment-resistant dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes/interdigitale complex has emerged as a global public health threat, particularly in endemic countries like India and has spread to many other countries. This veritable spread is alarming due to increase in resistance to terbinafine, which targets the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway by inhibiting the enzyme squalene epoxidase (SQLE). About two third of studies worldwide have reported amino acid substitutions Phe397Leu and Leu393Phe in the SQLE protein to be responsible for high terbinafine MICs., Objectives: We evaluated the efficacy of the newly developed DermaGenius
® Resistance real-time PCR assay to rapidly identify Trichophyton isolates harbouring most common SQLE mutant (Phe397Leu and Leu393Phe) conferring high terbinafine resistance from wild-type susceptible isolates., Methods: A total of 97 Trichophyton isolates confirmed by ITS sequencing as T. mentagrophytes/interdigitale (recently named T. indotineae n = 90), T. rubrum/T. soudanense (n = 3), T mentagrophytes (n = 2) and T tonsurans (n = 2) were analysed to evaluate DermaGenius® Resistance real-time PCR assay. All 40 T. indotineae isolates exhibiting amino acid substitutions Phe397Leu or Leu393Phe identified by SQLE gene sequencing were evaluated for detection of non-wild-type strains by real-time PCR. Antifungal susceptibility testing for terbinafine was done by CLSI microbroth dilution method., Results: All terbinafine-resistant isolates harbouring amino acid substitutions Phe397Leu or Leu393Phe in SQLE gene were correctly recorded as SQLE mutants by the DermaGenius® Resistance real-time PCR assay., Conclusions: The DermaGenius® Resistance real-time PCR assay effectively identified Trichophyton species and distinguished wild-type from SQLE mutant genotype that harbour Phe397Leu and Leu393Phe amino acid substitutions., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)- Published
- 2021
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33. Routine laboratory test enabling the detection of dermatophytes and the identification of Trichophyton rubrum by means of in-house duplex real-time PCR.
- Author
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Pablo T, Mzabi A, Meo M, Decruyenaere F, and Perrin M
- Subjects
- DNA, Fungal genetics, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, Hair microbiology, Humans, Microbiological Techniques, Nails microbiology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Skin microbiology, Arthrodermataceae genetics, Arthrodermataceae isolation & purification, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Trichophyton genetics, Trichophyton isolation & purification
- Abstract
Dermatophytes are responsible, in majority, for fungal infections of skin, hair and nails, and Trichophyton rubrum is the most frequently isolated dermatophyte in humans. The time for dermatophyte growth in culture requires a total of two to four weeks. Molecular methods were developed to improve time to diagnosis and initiation of treatment. We present here an in-house duplex real-time PCR enabling detection of dermatophytes and simultaneous identification of T. rubrum from mycological samples and cultures. The objective of this work was to optimize the fungal DNA extraction method, the detection of dermatophytes and the identification of T. rubrum on a CFX96® (Real-Time PCR Detection System). In addition, the method comparison showed that this new method is more sensitive than the culture and microscopic observations. To conclude, this routinely used method has been accredited ISO 15189 since January 2020 in our laboratory., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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34. Complementary effect of mechanism of multidrug resistance in Trichophyton mentagrophytes isolated from human dermatophytoses of animal origin.
- Author
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Gnat S, Łagowski D, Nowakiewicz A, Dyląg M, and Osińska M
- Subjects
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters genetics, Animals, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Azoles pharmacology, Azoles therapeutic use, Drug Resistance, Multiple genetics, Genes, Fungal, Humans, Macrolides pharmacology, Macrolides therapeutic use, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mutation, Missense, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Squalene Monooxygenase genetics, Terbinafine pharmacology, Terbinafine therapeutic use, Trichophyton drug effects, Trichophyton genetics, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Zoonoses, Arthrodermataceae drug effects, Arthrodermataceae genetics, Arthrodermataceae isolation & purification, Drug Resistance, Fungal genetics, Tinea drug therapy
- Abstract
Background: Dermatophytoses have gained interest worldwide due to the increased resistance to terbinafine and azoles and difficulty in management of these refractory diseases., Objectives: In this study, we identified and analysed Trichophyton mentagrophytes clinical isolates obtained from humans with infections of animal origin., Methods: We used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to examine the transcriptional modulation of three MDR genes (PDR1, MDR2 and MDR4) and analysed squalene epoxidase (SQLE) gene sequences from multidrug-resistant Trichophyton mentagrophytes isolates., Results: The expression profile revealed a 2- to 12-fold increase in mRNA accumulation in the presence of any of the antifungals, compared to cells incubated without drugs. A statistically significant relationship between the isolates exposed to itraconazole and increased expression of the tested genes was revealed. Substantially lower transcription levels were noted for cells exposed to luliconazole, that is, a third-generation azole. Additionally, in the case of 50% of terbinafine-resistant strains, Leu397Phe substitution in the SQLE gene was detected. Furthermore, the reduced susceptibility to itraconazole and voriconazole was overcome by milbemycin oxime., Conclusions: In conclusion, our study shed more light on the role of the ABC transporter family in T. mentagrophytes, which, if overexpressed, can confer resistance to single azole drugs and even cross-resistance. Finally, milbemycin oxime could be an interesting compound supporting treatment with azole drugs in the case of refractory dermatomycoses., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)
- Published
- 2021
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35. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of tinea capitis in northern Taiwan during 2014-2019: An unusual bimodal distribution of patients and comparison of paediatric and adult cases.
- Author
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Wang HN, Shang CS, Yang SJ, Shih IH, Hui CR, Yang CY, Lu CW, and Sun PL
- Subjects
- Aged, Arthrodermataceae isolation & purification, Arthrodermataceae pathogenicity, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Immunosuppression Therapy, Male, Microsporum isolation & purification, Microsporum pathogenicity, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Taiwan epidemiology, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Trichophyton pathogenicity, Tinea Capitis epidemiology, Tinea Capitis pathology
- Abstract
Tinea capitis (TC) mainly occurs in children, and related studies in adults are rare. We aimed to investigate the current epidemiological, clinical and mycological characteristics of TC and to compare adult and paediatric patients in northern Taiwan. We conducted a retrospective study at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, from 2014 to 2019. The dataset included age, sex, records of underlying diseases, animal contact history, frequent hair salon visits, clinical patterns, treatment and outcome via chart or phone call reviews. The average ages of 72 children and 104 adults recruited were 6.0 and 74.0 years, respectively. A female predominance was noted in both groups, and the ratio of females was significantly higher in adults (94.2% vs 59.7%, P < .0001). Microsporum canis (76.4%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (11.1%) in children, and M. canis (49.0%) and T. violaceum (31.7%) in adults were the most common pathogens. Adults were more likely to be infected with T. violaceum (OR = 10.14, 95% CI = 2.04-50.26) than children. In contrast, adults were less likely to be infected with M. canis than children (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.11-0.90). Furthermore, adults visited hair salons more, had less animal contact and were more immunosuppressed than children. TC is not unusual in the adult population. Dermatologists are advised to realise risk factors such as immunosuppression and regular hair salon visit in adult TC., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)
- Published
- 2021
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36. Tinea capitis in children: A single-institution retrospective review from 2011 to 2019.
- Author
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Zhi H, Shen H, Zhong Y, Sang B, Lv W, Li Q, Liu Z, and Xia X
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Animals, Child, Child, Preschool, China epidemiology, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Microsporum isolation & purification, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Zoonoses, Arthrodermataceae isolation & purification, Dermatomycoses epidemiology, Tinea Capitis epidemiology
- Abstract
Tinea capitis remains a common public health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries., Objectives: To investigate the changes of the predominant dermatophytes of tinea capitis in children in Hangzhou in recent 9 years., Methods: The age, gender and pathogen spectrum of 650 children with tinea capitis at the Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Anhui Medical University from 2011 to 2019 were analysed, and the distribution of pathogens from 1998 to 2000 was compared., Results: Among the 650 cases, 340 cases (48.2%) were males and 310 cases (51.8%) were females. The main population infected with tinea capitis was children aged 0-10 years (620 cases, 95.4%). From 2011 to 2019, the predominant dermatophyte was changed from Trichophyton violaceum (2011) to Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex (2012-2015) and later to Microsporum canis (2016-2019). In the past 9 years, M. canis (250 cases, 38.5%) was the most common dermatophyte and followed by T mentagrophytes complex (209 cases, 32.2%). The dermatophyte spectrum was statistically different between the years 2011 and 2019 (Chi square: χ
2 = 69.75, P < .05), and the differences in anthropophilic and zoophilic pathogens between 1989-2000 and 2011-2019 were statistically significant (χ2 = 24.4, P < .05)., Conclusions: Research showed that children diagnosed with tinea capitis were mainly 0-10 years old. With age, the percentage of anthropophilic dermatophytes gradually increased, while the percentage of zoophilic dermatophytes decreased. M. canis was the predominant dermatophyte of tinea capitis in children, followed by T. mentagrophytes complex. The dermatophytes have shifted from anthropophilic to zoophilic dermatophytes in the past two decades., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)- Published
- 2021
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37. Total serum IgE level in patients of dermatophytosis and its association with various clinical parameters.
- Author
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Patel NH, Padhiyar JK, Singh R, and Patel T
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Biomarkers blood, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Tinea immunology, Young Adult, Immunity, Humoral physiology, Immunoglobulin E blood, Tinea blood, Tinea diagnosis, Trichophyton isolation & purification
- Published
- 2021
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38. Prevalence of dermatophytosis in animals and antifungal susceptibility testing of isolated Trichophyton and Microsporum species.
- Author
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Begum J and Kumar R
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Cattle Diseases microbiology, Dermatomycoses epidemiology, Dermatomycoses microbiology, Dog Diseases microbiology, Dogs, Goat Diseases microbiology, Goats, India epidemiology, Prevalence, Tinea epidemiology, Tinea microbiology, Tinea veterinary, Buffaloes, Cattle Diseases epidemiology, Dermatomycoses veterinary, Dog Diseases epidemiology, Goat Diseases epidemiology, Microsporum isolation & purification, Trichophyton isolation & purification
- Abstract
Dermatophytosis is a frequently encountered dermatological problem in domestic and pet animals which negatively affects animal health and production. This study investigated the prevalence of dermatophytosis in different animals and carried antifungal susceptibility testing in the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand. A total of 157 clinical samples were collected from the animals irrespective of sex and age during a time period of 3 years from December 2016 to December 2019. Direct microscopy, fungal culture, isolation, identification, and antifungal susceptibility testing were carried out. Direct microscopy and in vitro culture were equally efficient in diagnosis of dermatophytosis. The prevalence of dermatophytes ranged between 45 and 53.3% and Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the most abundant species (38%) followed by Microsporum canis (21.5%). All the species observed were isolated from goats and dogs except T. tonsurans and M. nanum, respectively. All the isolated dermatophytes were urease test positive except T. rubrum and T. verrucosum. The hair perforation test was negative for M. audouinii, along with T. rubrum and T. verrucosum, whereas only M. canis was positive for rice grain test. Only T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. verrucosum, and T. tonsurans were able to show optimum growth at 37 °C. Maximum inhibition of fungal growth was exhibited by clotrimazole and least by fluconazole.
- Published
- 2020
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39. Trichophyton rubrum DNA Strains in Patients with Onychomycosis with Persistent Mixed Infections Involving a Nondermatophyte Mold.
- Author
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Gupta AK and Nakrieko KA
- Subjects
- Arthrodermataceae genetics, DNA, Fungal genetics, Humans, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Trichophyton genetics, Arthrodermataceae isolation & purification, Coinfection, Onychomycosis diagnosis, Trichophyton isolation & purification
- Abstract
Background: Onychomycosis is estimated to occur in approximately 10% of the global population, with most cases caused by Trichophyton rubrum. Some persistent onychomycosis is caused by mixed infections of T rubrum and one or more co-infecting nondermatophyte molds (NDMs). In onychomycosis, T rubrum strain types may naturally switch and may also be triggered to switch in response to antifungal therapy. T rubrum strain types in mixed infections of onychomycosis have not been characterized., Methods: T rubrum DNA strains in mixed infections of onychomycosis containing co-infecting NDMs were compared with a baseline North American population through polymerase chain reaction amplification of ribosomal DNA tandemly repetitive subelements (TRSs) 1 and 2. The baseline DNA strain types were determined from 102 clinical isolates of T rubrum. The T rubrum DNA strain types from mixed infections were determined from 63 repeated toenail samples from 15 patients., Results: Two unique TRS-2 types among the clinical isolates contributed to four unique TRS-1 and TRS-2 strain types. Six TRS-1 and TRS-2 strain types represented 92% of the clinical isolates of T rubrum. Four TRS-1 and TRS-2 strain types accounted for 100% of the T rubrum within mixed infections., Conclusions: Four unique North American T rubrum strains were identified. In support of a shared ancestry, the T rubrum DNA strain types found in mixed infections with NDMs were among the most abundant types. A population of T rubrum strains in mixed infections of onychomycosis has been characterized, with more than one strain detected in some nails. The presence of a co-infecting NDM in mixed infections may contribute to failed therapy by stabilizing the T rubrum strain type, possibly preventing the antifungal therapy-induced strain type switching observed with infections caused by T rubrum alone.
- Published
- 2020
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40. Case Report: Extensive Tinea Corporis and Inflammatory Tinea Capitis Caused by the Anthropophilic Dermatophyte Trichophyton tonsurans .
- Author
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Akhoundi M, Marteau A, Lintanf M, Izri A, and Brun S
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Humans, Inflammation drug therapy, Inflammation microbiology, Inflammation pathology, Male, Tinea Capitis drug therapy, Tinea Capitis microbiology, Tinea Capitis pathology, Antifungal Agents administration & dosage, Econazole administration & dosage, Griseofulvin administration & dosage, Inflammation diagnosis, Tinea Capitis diagnosis, Trichophyton isolation & purification
- Abstract
Trichophyton tonsurans is an anthropophilic dermatophyte with a worldwide distribution and is responsible for superficial mycosis with a wide range of clinical manifestations. We report two atypical cases of tinea due to T. tonsurans in two children: a case of extensive tinea corporis and a case of inflammatory tinea capitis.
- Published
- 2020
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41. Efficacies and merits of the cotton swab technique for diagnosing tinea capitis in the pediatric population.
- Author
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Le M, Gabrielli S, Ghazawi FM, Alkhodair R, Sheppard DC, and Jafarian F
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Hair microbiology, Hair pathology, Humans, Infant, Male, Prospective Studies, Skin microbiology, Skin pathology, Specimen Handling adverse effects, Specimen Handling instrumentation, Tinea Capitis microbiology, Tinea Capitis pathology, Microsporum isolation & purification, Specimen Handling methods, Tinea Capitis diagnosis, Trichophyton isolation & purification
- Published
- 2020
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42. Use of MALDI-TOF MS for fungal species distribution of interdigital intertrigo in seafarers, Dakar, Senegal.
- Author
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Diongue K, Samb D, Seck MC, Diallo MA, Ndiaye M, Faye MD, Badiane AS, Ranque S, and Ndiaye D
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Candida isolation & purification, Cross-Sectional Studies, Foot Dermatoses epidemiology, Humans, Intertrigo epidemiology, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Onychomycosis epidemiology, Onychomycosis microbiology, Senegal epidemiology, Tinea Pedis epidemiology, Tinea Pedis microbiology, Travel, Trichophyton classification, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Young Adult, Foot Dermatoses microbiology, Intertrigo microbiology, Military Personnel statistics & numerical data, Mycological Typing Techniques methods, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Abstract
To determine fungal species distribution of interdigital intertrigo among seafarers in Dakar, Senegal, a cross-sectional study was carried out from May to August 2017 among seafarers clinically diagnosed with interdigital intertrigo. A questionnaire was filled to each patient before sampling the affected folds and transporting to Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital where mycological analyses were realized. Species identification by MALDI-TOF MS was performed in Marseille, France. In total, 169 men (21-66 years) were included. Few of them (3%) had a high level of education and the duration of the mycosis exceed 10 years for 88% of patients. Direct microscopic examination (ME) was positive in 34.3%. Among samples with positive ME, 58.6% had positive culture. An overall incidence of 30.2% was found. Patients with confirmed cases aged between 28 and 66 years. Among them, those between 36-50 years were predominant (52.9%). Those with a high level of education were less representative (2%). For 52.1% of patients, the duration of the mycosis was superior to 10 years. Furthermore, 57% of cases were significantly associated with other types of tinea pedis and/or onychomycosis (P=0.03). Culture was positive in 23.7% isolating 43 strains successfully identified at the species level by MALDI-TOF MS for 31 isolates: 20 Candida and 11 dermatophytes. The rest was identified only at the genus level belonged to Fusarium. In definitive, MALDI-TOF MS could be a useful tool for routine and fast identification of dermatophytes, yeasts and NDFF in clinical mycology laboratories., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
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43. Painful skin swelling after water contact.
- Author
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Hermasch MA, Schnabel V, Schön MP, Fischer J, and Frank J
- Subjects
- Diagnosis, Differential, Foot Dermatoses complications, Foot Dermatoses diagnosis, Humans, Keratoderma, Palmoplantar complications, Keratoderma, Palmoplantar genetics, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Onychomycosis complications, Onychomycosis diagnosis, Skin pathology, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Edema etiology, Keratoderma, Palmoplantar diagnosis, Water
- Published
- 2020
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44. Epidemiological survey of 42 403 dermatophytosis cases examined at Nagasaki University Hospital from 1966 to 2015.
- Author
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Takenaka M, Murota H, and Nishimoto K
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Aged, Animals, Child, Female, Geography, Hospitals, University statistics & numerical data, Humans, Japan epidemiology, Male, Nails microbiology, Pets microbiology, Prevalence, Skin microbiology, Tinea diagnosis, Tinea microbiology, Tinea transmission, Microsporum isolation & purification, Tinea epidemiology, Trichophyton isolation & purification
- Abstract
The causative species of a total of 42 403 dermatophytosis cases that occurred during 1966-2015 were surveyed. The most prevalent clinical type was tinea pedis, followed by tinea unguium, corporis, cruris, manus, faciei and capitis. The prevalence of tinea faciei and capitis has increased since the late 1990s and the late 2000s, respectively. The most prevalent dermatophyte species was Trichophyton rubrum, followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (the majority of the isolates were Trichophyton interdigitale in the latest nomenclature). These dermatophytes were detected in over 80% of the isolates identified in tinea pedis, unguium, cruris and manus cases. Recently, Microsporum canis and Trichophyton tonsurans have been increasingly identified. The frequency of M. canis isolated from tinea corporis, faciei and capitis cases started to rise in the early 1990s. T. tonsurans was first identified in Nagasaki in 2003. T. rubrum was the most commonly isolated pathogen in tinea faciei and corporis cases. However, the proportion of cases attributed to it has decreased since the early 1990s, whereas M. canis and T. tonsurans are being increasingly isolated since the early 2000s. In tinea capitis cases, the proportion of each pathogen isolated has changed dramatically. M. canis was first identified in the late 1970s, with an increasing prevalence up to the early 1990s. In contrast, the prevalence of T. tonsurans has increased since the early 2000s. In the 2010s, the most common fungus causing tinea capitis was T. tonsurans, followed by M. canis and T. rubrum., (© 2020 Japanese Dermatological Association.)
- Published
- 2020
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45. Species distribution of the main aetiologic agents causing skin dermatophytosis in Colombian patients: A 23-year experience at a Mycological Reference Center.
- Author
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Carrascal-Correa DF, Zuluaga A, and González A
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Arthrodermataceae classification, Arthrodermataceae isolation & purification, Child, Child, Preschool, Colombia epidemiology, Dermatomycoses microbiology, Epidermophyton classification, Epidermophyton isolation & purification, Fungi classification, Humans, Infant, Male, Microsporum classification, Microsporum isolation & purification, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Skin microbiology, Skin pathology, Tinea epidemiology, Trichophyton classification, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Young Adult, Dermatomycoses epidemiology, Fungi isolation & purification, Tinea microbiology
- Abstract
Background: Dermatophytosis is one of the most frequent superficial mycoses in the world., Main Aim: To describe the cases of skin dermatophytosis and its main aetiologic agents in patients referred to a Mycological Reference Laboratory in Medellín, Colombia., Methods: A retrospective study was carried out with records of patients referred between 1994 and 2016 to the Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Medellín-Colombia, because of clinical suspicion of skin dermatophytosis., Results: Of a total of 5628 clinical records of patients with suspicion of skin dermatophytosis analysed, 2780 (49.4%) had a proven or probable dermatophytosis diagnosis, 2774 cultures were performed, and aetiologic agents were isolated in 2576 samples (92.9%). The most frequently isolated aetiologic agents were Trichophyton rubrum (44.3%), followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex (33.3%), Epidermophyton floccosum (12.4%), Nannizzia gypseum complex (5.7%, formerly Microsporum gypseum), Microsporum canis (3.5%) and Trichophyton tonsurans (0.8%). The most frequent clinical forms were tinea pedis (72.7%) and tinea corporis (12.7%). In addition, a group of patients (0.9%) developed mixed infections by two dermatophyte agents and another (4.1%) developed infections in more than one anatomical site., Conclusions: The results of the present study are coherent with previous reports where T rubrum and T mentagrophytes complex were the main causative agents of dermatophytosis. However, the increased incidence of N gypsea complex over M canis is worth highlighting., (© 2020 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.)
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- 2020
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46. Tinea capitis: dermoscopy and calcium fluorescent microscopy as highly efficient and precise diagnostic tools.
- Author
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Xiao H, Pradhan S, Ran X, and Ran Y
- Subjects
- Calcium, Child, Female, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Tinea Capitis pathology, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Dermoscopy methods, Microscopy, Fluorescence methods, Tinea Capitis diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Tinea capitis comprising of tinea favosa and kerion is mostly seen in school-aged children. Some tinea capitis often presented with insignificant findings under the naked eyes are easily overlooked. The authors describe an unusual case of tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton violaceum. The patient was an 8-year-old girl, with a history of pruritus on the scalp for more than one year. A diagnosis of tinea capitis was confirmed by clinical examination aided by dermoscopy, calcium fluorescent microscopy and culture. Comma and corkscrew hairs are two specific dermoscopic patterns of tinea capitis. The patient was treated with systemic itraconazole, topical application with 1% naftifine 0.25% ketoconazole cream followed after daily hair wash with 2% ketoconazole shampoo for 8 weeks., (Copyright © 2020 Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
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- 2020
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47. Clinical isolates of Trichophyton rubrum are completely inhibited by photochemical treatment with a γ-cyclodextrin formulation of curcuminoids.
- Author
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Brasch J, Beck-Jendroschek V, Walther G, and Rubbel D
- Subjects
- Antifungal Agents, Humans, Phototherapy, Spores, Fungal drug effects, Diarylheptanoids pharmacology, Oxidants, Photochemical pharmacology, Tinea therapy, Trichophyton drug effects, Trichophyton isolation & purification, gamma-Cyclodextrins pharmacology
- Abstract
Introduction: It was shown previously that dermatophytes can markedly be inhibited by a photochemical treatment with curcumin. This kind of photo-inactivation needs to be improved, however, because curcumin is poorly water-soluble. Therefore, a new water-soluble γ-cyclodextrin formulation of curcuminoids was tested for its photochemical inactivation of Trichophyton (T.) rubrum., Materials and Methods: Conidia were harvested from 6 typical strains of T rubrum and used to inoculate wells of microtiter plates. These wells were also filled with a γ-cyclodextrin curcuminoid formulation with 0.1% DMSO and Sabouraud broth. The assays were then irradiated with visible light (wavelength 420 nm, 45 J/cm
2 ). After 24 hours, curcuminoid was added once more, and irradiation was repeated. Fungal growth was monitored photometrically for 8 days and compared with controls., Results: Growth of all 6 T rubrum strains was completely inhibited by the photochemical treatment with the γ-cyclodextrin formulation of curcuminoids. The same curcuminoid formulation applied without irradiation had only a minor inhibitory effect., Discussion: Photo-inactivation of dermatophytes with a γ-cyclodextrin formulation of curcuminoids plus visible light is a very promising procedure with potential for a new treatment of patients with superficial tinea., (© 2020 The Authors. Mycoses published by Blackwell Verlag GmbH.)- Published
- 2020
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48. A case of Tinea Faciei caused by Trichophyton benhamiae: first report in China.
- Author
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Tan J, Liu X, Gao Z, Yang H, Yang L, and Wen H
- Subjects
- Administration, Oral, Administration, Topical, Animals, Antifungal Agents administration & dosage, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Arthrodermataceae isolation & purification, Child, Preschool, China, Dermatomycoses drug therapy, Dermatomycoses microbiology, Face pathology, Female, Humans, Imidazoles administration & dosage, Imidazoles therapeutic use, Skin pathology, Terbinafine administration & dosage, Terbinafine therapeutic use, Thiophenes administration & dosage, Thiophenes therapeutic use, Tinea drug therapy, Tinea microbiology, Treatment Outcome, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Arthrodermataceae genetics, Dermatomycoses diagnosis, Tinea diagnosis, Trichophyton genetics
- Abstract
Background: Trichophyton benhamiae is a zoophilic dermatophyte that can cause tinea in humans and animals. Lesions caused by T. benhamiae tend to be highly inflammatory, and patients are often infected by animals or other patients infected with T. benhamiae. In this paper, we report the first case of tinea faciei caused by T. benhamiae in a Chinese girl who might be transmitted from a fox., Case Presentation: A 4-year-old girl from HaiNing city developed an itchy, erythematous, and annular plaque on her right face for the past 2 months. Before the lesion appeared, she was in close contact with the fur of a fox for almost 1 week. Septate hyaline hyphae were detected by direct mycological examination of the scales. Cultures grew on Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) at 26 °C for 2 weeks revealed the presence of T. mentagrophytes. A molecular sequencing test confirmed that the isolate was consistent with reference strains to T. benhamiae. Then, the diagnosis of tinea faciei due to T. benhamiae was made. Treatment with terbinafine (oral 125 mg/d) and sertaconazole nitrate cream (topical, twice daily) for 4 weeks was initiated and achieved significant improvement of the skin lesions., Conclusions: This rare dermatophytosis case highlights the importance of ITS sequencing in helping to recognize rare pathogenic fungi that can be easily misdiagnosed with a conventional morphological diagnosis.
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- 2020
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49. Combined and dynamic trichoscopic signs for diagnosis and follow-up of inflammatory tinea capitis.
- Author
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Liu ZH, Xia XJ, Zhi HL, Zhong Y, Sang B, Lv WW, Li QP, and Shen H
- Subjects
- Alopecia Areata drug therapy, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Scalp pathology, Treatment Outcome, Alopecia Areata etiology, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Tinea Capitis diagnosis, Tinea Capitis drug therapy, Trichophyton isolation & purification
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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50. Retrospective two-centre study on prepubertal children with Tinea capitis in Korea.
- Author
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Lee WJ, Lee EH, Bang YJ, and Jun JB
- Subjects
- Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Child, Child Health statistics & numerical data, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Itraconazole therapeutic use, Male, Republic of Korea epidemiology, Retrospective Studies, Seasons, Sex Distribution, Skin pathology, Terbinafine therapeutic use, Arthrodermataceae isolation & purification, Microsporum isolation & purification, Skin microbiology, Tinea Capitis diagnosis, Tinea Capitis drug therapy, Tinea Capitis epidemiology, Tinea Capitis etiology, Trichophyton isolation & purification
- Abstract
Tinea capitis is an infectious dermatological disorder caused by dermatophytes that occur primarily in children. It has recently been brought under effective control in Korea since the introduction of oral antifungal medications and the implementation of concerted public health initiatives. Therefore, its incidence rate has decreased considerably. We investigated changes in the epidemiological and mycological characteristics of tinea capitis patients under the age of 10 in Korea. Using medical records from Kyungpook National University Hospital and the Catholic Skin Disease Clinic from 1989 to 2018, we retrospectively investigated the characteristics of 786 patients with tinea capitis. Of the 786 patients, 744 were KOH-positive. The annual incidence of tinea capitis was decreased from 120 to less than 10 between 1989 and 2018. Overall, 446 (56.74%) were male and 340 (43.26%) were female, representing a ratio of 1:0.8. In terms of the seasonality of it, 276 (35.11%) visited hospital in winter, 193 (24.55%) in spring, 177 (22.52%) in fall and 140 (17.81%) in summer. Dermatophytes were cultured from 628 patients. Microsporum canis was the most common dermatophyte (73.16%), followed by Trichophyton verrucosum and Trichophyton rubum. Of the 786 patients, 577 (73.41%) lived in urban areas and 209 (26.59%) in rural areas. Changes in the epidemiological and mycological characteristics of children with tinea capitis were shown in incidence, sex distribution, seasonality and causative dermatophytes. The incidence of tinea capitis has fallen significantly in prepubertal children. Nevertheless, continuous surveillance is needed to prevent tinea capitis in Korea., (© 2019 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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