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Bat species present a series of attributes that makes them prone to being parasitized. Bat flies (Streblidae) are hematophagous ectoparasites exclusive to bats. Our study aimed to investigate the association of bat flies with the Common vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus (É. Geoffroy, 1810), in Honduras. We analyzed the effect of sex and age of the host on parasitism. Eight localities belonging to six departments were sampled in an altitudinal range between 50 and 995 m. Field data were obtained between May 2018 to November 2019 and 80 individuals were captured, from which 395 bat flies were extracted. Four species of bat flies were registered: Strebla wiedemanni Kolenati, 1856, Trichobius parasiticus Gervais, 1844, T. joblingi Wenzel, 1966 and T. caecus Edwards, 1948. Trichobius parasiticus presented the highest prevalence and mean intensity, followed by S. wiedemanni. Trichobius joblingi and T. caecus are new records of parasitism on D. rotundus for Honduras, although we consider as an accidental association. We recorded six types of infracommunities that parasitized 85% of the hosts. The prevalence and mean intensity was not affected by age and sex of the host for any bat fly species.

As an obligate ectoparasite of bats, the bat fly Trichobius frequens (Diptera: Streblidae) inhabits the same subterranean environment as their nocturnal bat hosts. In this study, we characterize the macromorphology, optical architecture, rhabdom anatomy, photoreceptor absorbance, and opsin expression of the significantly reduced visual system in T. frequens resulting from evolution in the dark. The eyes develop over a 21–22 day pupal developmental period, with pigmentation appearing on pupal day 11. After eclosion as an adult, T. frequens eyes consist of on average 8 facets, each overlying a fused rhabdom consisting of anywhere from 11 to 18 estimated retinula cells. The dimensions of the facets and fused rhabdoms are similar to those measured in other nocturnal insects. T. frequens eyes are functional as shown by expression of a Rh1 opsin forming a visual pigment with a peak sensitivity to 487 nm, similar to other dipteran Rh1 opsins. Future studies will evaluate how individuals with such reduced capabilities for spatial vision as well as sensitivity still capture enough visual information to use flight to maneuver through dark habitats.

In Colombia, the taxonomical understanding of ectoparasites (Diptera: Streblidae and Nycteribiidae) of bats is scarce, despite the high diversity of hosts. This fact reflects the lack of important information on the group and poses the need for studies that expand the knowledge on bat ectoparasites in different regions of the country. The aim of this study was to contribute pioneer knowledge on bat ectoparasitic insects in the department of Caldas, located in the Central Andes Mountain range of Colombia. We assessed 318 bats from four eco parks in the city of Manizales, and collected 234 ectoparasitic insects. We provide the first report of the family Streblidae for Caldas, with seven genera and eight species: Anastrebla caudiferae Wenzel, 1976, Anatrichobius scorzai Wenzel, 1966, Exastinion oculatum Wenzel, 1976, Megistopoda proxima (Séguy‚ 1926), Paratrichobius longicrus Ribeiro, 1907, Paraeuctenodes similis Wenzel, 1976, Trichobius longipes Rudow, 1871, and Trichobius tiptoni Wenzel, 1976. In addition, we report the species Basilia ferrisi Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1931 and Basilia sp. for the family Nycteribiidae.

We present the first list of the ectoparasite insects (Diptera: Streblidae) collected on bats of the Phyllostomidae and Molossidae families, from the AICOM (Important area for bats conservation) denominated Osununu / Teyu Cuare, in the locality of San Ignacio (Misiones province, Argentina). Trichobius furmani Wenzel was registered for the first time in Argentina, parasitizing Carollia perspicillata L. (Phyllostomidae); this ectoparasite was previously found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, and Peru

Streblidae are ectoparasites exclusive to bats and feed only on their blood. Studies on ectoparasite fauna have increased our ecological knowledge of the parasitic relationship between streblids and their bat hosts. We evaluate assemblages of phyllostomid bats and their ectoparasitic flies in three scenarios with different types of anthropogenic use: pine-oak forest, avocado orchards, and an urban park during an annual cycle in the highlands of Michoacan, Mexico. We recorded a total of 325 bats belonging to nine species in three subfamilies: Glossophaginae, Desmodontinae, and Stenodermatinae, and obtained 225 bat flies belonging to seven species. The nectivorous bat Anoura geoffroyi Gray, 1838, had the highest prevalence of infestation and the hematophagous bat Desmodus rotundus (É. Geoffroy, 1810) was the host with the highest mean parasite abundance and mean intensity. Aspidoptera delatorrei Wenzel, 1966, Megistopoda proxima (Séguy, 1926), Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907), Trichobius brennani Wenzel, 1966, and T. parasiticus Gervais, 1844, are new records for the state of Michoacan reported in this study.

In this paper 4 species of bat ectoparasites are recorded from the island of Sint Eustatius, Dutch Caribbean. One species of true bug (Hemiptera: Polyctenidae) as well as 3 species of bat flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae: Streblinae) are recorded. All species are photographed. The first DNA barcodes for 3 bat ectoparasite species (Trichobius frequens, Trichobius intermedius, and Hesperoctenes fumarius) have been posted to the BOLD database; DNA barcode sequences for a fourth species (Megistopoda aranea) are the first from a Caribbean island.

The mite species Monunguis streblida Wharton, 1938 (Neothrombidiidae) is reported in association with dipteran ectoparasites (Streblidae) of Brazilian bats for the first time. A 1-year study of two populations of the bat Anoura geoffroyi Gray, 1838 in caves in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, found them to be parasitized by four species of streblids, three of which were parasitized by M. streblida. Three hundred and thirty-two individuals of M. streblida were collected in association with 135 individuals of Anastrebla modestini Wenzel, 1966, two individuals of A. caudiferae Wenzel, 1976, and two individuals of Trichobius sp. (dugesii complex). The predominant association of M. streblida with A. modestini suggests a preference for this host for the larvae of this mite. Fluctuations in the abundance of mites were found to accompany seasonal cycles and fluctuations in the abundance of their main host, with the mites being more abundant in months with higher temperatures and greater rainfall. The present work represents the first formal record of the occurrence of M. streblida in South America, increasing its range of occurrence southward by more than 5000 km.

Here we record the occurrence of 38 species, including 30 species of Streblidae and eight species of Nycteribiidae. Of these, 12 are new records for the Distrito Federal, three are new for the Cerrado, and one, Trichobius johnsonae Wenzel, 1966 is the first record from Brazil. We also recorded a yet undescribed species of Basilia from the district.

hispidus Wenzel, 1976: 80, figs 28 G���H, 29 B. Type locality: Venezuela, Merida, Tabay. Type host: Sturnira bidens Thomas. HT M, AT F (USNM); PT 12 (FMNH), (UCV). Distr.: Colombia (Huila (El Parque Guacharos, Guacharo Cave, roof area; El Parque Guacharos, Rio Suaza Cascada)), Venezuela. Refs.: Wenzel 1976: 80; Guerrero, 1995 a: 18 (cat.), 1997: 10 (cat.); Graciolli & Carvalho, 2012: 448; FMNH, 2014., Published as part of Dick, Carl W., Graciolli, Gustavo & Guerrero, Ricardo, 2016, FAMILY STREBLIDAE, pp. 784-802 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 796, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.67, http://zenodo.org/record/264152, {"references":["Wenzel, R. L. (1976) The streblid batflies of Venezuela (Diptera: Streblidae). Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, 20, 1 - 177.","Guerrero, R. (1995 a) Catalogo de los Streblidae (Diptera: Pupipara) parasitos de murcielagos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) del Nuevo Mundo. III. Los grupos: dugesii, dunni y phyllostomae del genero Trichobius Gervais, 1844. Acta Biologicas Venezuelica, 15, 1 - 27.","Graciolli, G. & de Carvalho, C. J. B (2012) Do fly parasites of bats and their hosts coevolve? Speciation in Trichobius phyllostomae group (Diptera, Streblidae) and their hosts (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) suggests that they do not. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 56, 436 - 450. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262012000400007"]}

lionycteridis Wenzel, 1966: 464, fig. 60. Type locality: Panama, San Blas, Armila. Type host: Lionycteris spurrelli Thomas. HT M (FMNH); PT F (AMNH). Distr.: Colombia (Meta (Villavicencio, Cabrada Honda, 4-5 km w)), Panama, Peru, Venezuela. Refs.: Wenzel et al., 1966: 464; Wenzel, 1970: 4 (cat.), 1976: 46; Guerrero, 1994 a: 13 (cat.), 1997: 9 (cat.); FMNH, 2014., Published as part of Dick, Carl W., Graciolli, Gustavo & Guerrero, Ricardo, 2016, FAMILY STREBLIDAE, pp. 784-802 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 797, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.67, http://zenodo.org/record/264152, {"references":["Wenzel, R. L., Tipton, V. J. & Kewlicz, A. (1966) The streblid batflies of Panama (Diptera: Calypterae: Streblidae). In: Wenzel, R. L. & Tipton, V. J. (Eds.), Ectoparasites of Panama. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, pp. 405 - 675.","Wenzel, R. L. (1970) 100. Family Streblidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 25 pp.","Guerrero, R. (1994 a) Catalogo de los Streblidae (Diptera: Pupipara) parasitos de murcielagos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) del Nuevo Mundo. II. Los grupos: pallidus, caecus, major, uniformis y longipes del genero Trichobius Gervais, 1844. Acta Biologicas Venezuelica, 15, 1 - 18."]}

costalimai Guimar��es, 1938: 660, fig. 10. Type locality: Brazil, Pernambuco, Recife. Type host: ���morcego indeterminado��� (see Guimar��es, 1938). HT M, AT F (repository unknown), PT 2 F (repository unknown) 1 F (MZSP). Distr.: Colombia (Choc�� (Golfo de Uraba, Unguia), Cundinamarca (Melgar; Tocaima; Villeta), Meta (Pto. Lopez; San Juan de Arama, Los Micos), Tolima (Honda; Melgar)), Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad, Venezuela. Refs.: Guimar��es, 1938: 660; Wenzel et al., 1966: 471; Wenzel, 1970: 3 (cat.); Wenzel, 1976: 69; Guerrero, 1994 a: 14 (cat.), 1997: 10 (cat.); ter Hofstede et al., 2004: 620; FMNH, 2014., Published as part of Dick, Carl W., Graciolli, Gustavo & Guerrero, Ricardo, 2016, FAMILY STREBLIDAE, pp. 784-802 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 795, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.67, http://zenodo.org/record/264152, {"references":["Guimaraes, L. R. (1938) Sobre as especies sul americanas do genera Trichobius (Diptera-Streblidae). Revista do Museu Paulista, 23, 651 - 666.","Wenzel, R. L., Tipton, V. J. & Kewlicz, A. (1966) The streblid batflies of Panama (Diptera: Calypterae: Streblidae). In: Wenzel, R. L. & Tipton, V. J. (Eds.), Ectoparasites of Panama. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, pp. 405 - 675.","Wenzel, R. L. (1970) 100. Family Streblidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 25 pp.","Wenzel, R. L. (1976) The streblid batflies of Venezuela (Diptera: Streblidae). Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, 20, 1 - 177.","Guerrero, R. (1994 a) Catalogo de los Streblidae (Diptera: Pupipara) parasitos de murcielagos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) del Nuevo Mundo. II. Los grupos: pallidus, caecus, major, uniformis y longipes del genero Trichobius Gervais, 1844. Acta Biologicas Venezuelica, 15, 1 - 18.","ter Hofstede, H. M., Fenton, M. B. & Whitaker, J. O. Jr. (2004) Host and host-site specificity of bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae and Nycterbiidae) on Neotropical bats (Chiroptera). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 82, 616 - 626."]}

uniformis Curran, 1935: 10, fig. 8. Type locality: Panama, Canal Zone, Paraiso. Type host: Glossophaga leachii Gray. HT F, AT M, PT 5 (AMNH). Distr.: Colombia (Cundinamarca (Apulo; Lomitas), Norte de Santander (Petrolea Tibu)), Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela. Refs.: Curran, 1935: 10; Guimar��es, 1938: 655; Wenzel et al. 1966: 459; Wenzel, 1970: 6 (cat.), 1976: 47; Guerrero, 1994 a: 12 (cat.), 1997: 9 (cat.); Graciolli & Coelho, 2001: 967; Graciolli & Linardi, 2002: 139; Dick & Gettinger, 2005: 1021; ter Hofstede et al., 2004: 620; Dick, 2013: 13; FMNH, 2014., Published as part of Dick, Carl W., Graciolli, Gustavo & Guerrero, Ricardo, 2016, FAMILY STREBLIDAE, pp. 784-802 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 798, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.67, http://zenodo.org/record/264152, {"references":["Curran, C. H. (1935) New species of Nycteribiidae and Streblidae (Diptera). American Museum Novitates, 765, 1 - 15.","Guimaraes, L. R. (1938) Sobre as especies sul americanas do genera Trichobius (Diptera-Streblidae). Revista do Museu Paulista, 23, 651 - 666.","Wenzel, R. L., Tipton, V. J. & Kewlicz, A. (1966) The streblid batflies of Panama (Diptera: Calypterae: Streblidae). In: Wenzel, R. L. & Tipton, V. J. (Eds.), Ectoparasites of Panama. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, pp. 405 - 675.","Wenzel, R. L. (1970) 100. Family Streblidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 25 pp.","Guerrero, R. (1994 a) Catalogo de los Streblidae (Diptera: Pupipara) parasitos de murcielagos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) del Nuevo Mundo. II. Los grupos: pallidus, caecus, major, uniformis y longipes del genero Trichobius Gervais, 1844. Acta Biologicas Venezuelica, 15, 1 - 18.","Graciolli, G. & Coelho, D. C. (2001) Streblidae (Diptera, Hippoboscoidea) sobre morcegos filostomideos (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) em cavernas do Distrito Federal, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 18, 965 - 970. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752001000300028","Graciolli, G. & Linardi, P. M. (2002) Some Streblidae and Nycteribiidae (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea) from Maraca Island, Roraima, Brazil. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 97, 139 - 141. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02762002000100026","Dick, C. W. & Gettinger, D. (2005) A faunal survey of streblid bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae) associated with bats in Paraguay. Journal of Parasitology, 91, 1015 - 1024. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1645 / GE- 536 R. 1","ter Hofstede, H. M., Fenton, M. B. & Whitaker, J. O. Jr. (2004) Host and host-site specificity of bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae and Nycterbiidae) on Neotropical bats (Chiroptera). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 82, 616 - 626.","Dick, C. W. (2013) Review of the bat flies of Honduras, Central America (Diptera: Streblidae). Journal of Parasitology Research, 2013 (Article ID 437696), 1 - 17. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1155 / 2013 / 437696"]}

galei Wenzel, 1966: 449, figs 54, 57 J���L. Type locality: Panama, Fort Sherman, San Lorenzo caves. Type host: Natalus stramineus mexicanus Miller. HT M, AT F (FMNH); PT 109 (in numerous collections, see Wenzel et al., 1966: 410). Distr.: Colombia (Bol��var (Cartagena; Tolu), C��rdoba (Tierra Alta), Santander (Cueva Macaregua, San Gil)), Honduras, Panama, Paraguay, Venezuela. Refs.: Wenzel et al., 1966: 449; Wenzel, 1970: 4 (cat.), 1976: 36; Guerrero, 1994 a: 4 (cat.), 1997: 10 (cat.); Dick & Gettinger, 2005: 1021; Dick, 2013: 12; FMNH, 2014., Published as part of Dick, Carl W., Graciolli, Gustavo & Guerrero, Ricardo, 2016, FAMILY STREBLIDAE, pp. 784-802 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 796, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.67, http://zenodo.org/record/264152, {"references":["Wenzel, R. L., Tipton, V. J. & Kewlicz, A. (1966) The streblid batflies of Panama (Diptera: Calypterae: Streblidae). In: Wenzel, R. L. & Tipton, V. J. (Eds.), Ectoparasites of Panama. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, pp. 405 - 675.","Wenzel, R. L. (1970) 100. Family Streblidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 25 pp.","Guerrero, R. (1994 a) Catalogo de los Streblidae (Diptera: Pupipara) parasitos de murcielagos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) del Nuevo Mundo. II. Los grupos: pallidus, caecus, major, uniformis y longipes del genero Trichobius Gervais, 1844. Acta Biologicas Venezuelica, 15, 1 - 18.","Dick, C. W. & Gettinger, D. (2005) A faunal survey of streblid bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae) associated with bats in Paraguay. Journal of Parasitology, 91, 1015 - 1024. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1645 / GE- 536 R. 1","Dick, C. W. (2013) Review of the bat flies of Honduras, Central America (Diptera: Streblidae). Journal of Parasitology Research, 2013 (Article ID 437696), 1 - 17. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1155 / 2013 / 437696"]}

longicrus (Miranda Ribeiro), 1907: 236, pl. 25 (Trichobius). Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista. Type host: Artibeus jamaicensis Leach. Distr.: Colombia (Antioquia (San Jeronimo, 35 km NW of Medellin), Meta (El Parque La Macarena, 1 km n Cabana Duda; Camp Izawa), Tolima (Melgar), Valle del Cauca (Cauca Valley, 15 km se Cali)), Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad, Venezuela. Type repository unknown. Refs.: Miranda Ribeiro, 1907: 236; Costa Lima, 1921: 20; Wenzel et al., 1966: 521; Wenzel, 1970: 8 (cat.), 1976: 89; Guerrero, 1994 b: 175 (cat.), 1997: 10 (cat.); Autino & Claps, 2000: 195 (cat.); Graciolli & Carvalho, 2001: 919; ter Hofstede et al., 2004: 620; Dick & Gettinger, 2005: 1020; Dick, 2013: 9; FMNH, 2014., Published as part of Dick, Carl W., Graciolli, Gustavo & Guerrero, Ricardo, 2016, FAMILY STREBLIDAE, pp. 784-802 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 793, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.67, http://zenodo.org/record/264152, {"references":["Miranda Ribeiro, A. (1907) Alguns dipteros interesantes. Archivos do Museu Nacional, 14, 231 - 239.","Costa Lima, A. (1921) Sobre os Streblideos americanos (Diptera-Pupipara). Archivos da Escola Superior da Agricultura e Medicina Veterinaria, Nictheroy, 5, 17 - 34, pl. 1.","Wenzel, R. L., Tipton, V. J. & Kewlicz, A. (1966) The streblid batflies of Panama (Diptera: Calypterae: Streblidae). In: Wenzel, R. L. & Tipton, V. J. (Eds.), Ectoparasites of Panama. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, pp. 405 - 675.","Wenzel, R. L. (1970) 100. Family Streblidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 25 pp.","Guerrero, R. (1994 b) Catalogo de los Streblidae (Diptera: Pupipara) parasitos de murcielagos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) del Nuevo Mundo. IV. Trichobiinae con alas desarroladas. Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana, 9, 161 - 192.","Autino, A. G. & Claps, G. L. (2000) Catalogue of the ectoparasitic insects of the bats of Argentina. Insecta Mundi, 14, 193 - 209.","Graciolli, G. & de Carvalho, C. J. B. (2001) Moscas ectoparasitas (Diptera, Hippoboscoidea) de morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) do Estado do Parana. II. Streblidae. Chave pictorica para generos e especies. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 18, 907 - 960. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752001000300026","ter Hofstede, H. M., Fenton, M. B. & Whitaker, J. O. Jr. (2004) Host and host-site specificity of bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae and Nycterbiidae) on Neotropical bats (Chiroptera). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 82, 616 - 626.","Dick, C. W. & Gettinger, D. (2005) A faunal survey of streblid bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae) associated with bats in Paraguay. Journal of Parasitology, 91, 1015 - 1024. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1645 / GE- 536 R. 1","Dick, C. W. (2013) Review of the bat flies of Honduras, Central America (Diptera: Streblidae). Journal of Parasitology Research, 2013 (Article ID 437696), 1 - 17. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1155 / 2013 / 437696"]}

diphyllae Wenzel, 1966: 492, figs 68 B, 73 A. Type locality: Guatemala, San Lorenzo. Type host: Diphylla ecaudata Spix (= Diphylla centralis Thomas). HT and AT (FMNH; sexes not given); PT 85 (in numerous collections, see Wenzel et al. 1966: 410). Distr.: Colombia (Vaup��s (Rio Inrida, Cerro de las Pinturas)), Brazil, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Peru, Venezuela. Refs.: Wenzel et al., 1966: 492; Guerrero, 1995 a: 12 (cat.), 1997: 10 (cat.); Dick, 2013: 11; FMNH, 2014., Published as part of Dick, Carl W., Graciolli, Gustavo & Guerrero, Ricardo, 2016, FAMILY STREBLIDAE, pp. 784-802 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 795, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.67, http://zenodo.org/record/264152, {"references":["Wenzel, R. L., Tipton, V. J. & Kewlicz, A. (1966) The streblid batflies of Panama (Diptera: Calypterae: Streblidae). In: Wenzel, R. L. & Tipton, V. J. (Eds.), Ectoparasites of Panama. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, pp. 405 - 675.","Guerrero, R. (1995 a) Catalogo de los Streblidae (Diptera: Pupipara) parasitos de murcielagos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) del Nuevo Mundo. III. Los grupos: dugesii, dunni y phyllostomae del genero Trichobius Gervais, 1844. Acta Biologicas Venezuelica, 15, 1 - 27.","Dick, C. W. (2013) Review of the bat flies of Honduras, Central America (Diptera: Streblidae). Journal of Parasitology Research, 2013 (Article ID 437696), 1 - 17. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1155 / 2013 / 437696"]}

dugesii Townsend, 1891: 106. Type locality: Mexico, Guanajuato. Type host: Glossophaga soricina Pallas. HT (Snow Entomological Museum?; see Wenzel et al. 1966: 478). Distr.: Colombia (Cundinamarca (Apulo; Lomitas; Melgar), Meta (San Juan de Arama, Los Micos); Santander (Lisboa, Portugal), Vichada (El Parque Tuparro)), Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad, Venezuela. Refs.: Townsend, 1891: 106; Wenzel et al., 1966: 478; Wenzel, 1970: 3 (cat.), 1976: 49; Guerrero, 1995 a: 2 (cat.), 1997: 9 (cat.); Graciolli & Coelho, 2001: 967; Graciolli & Rui, 2001: 86; ter Hofstede et al., 2004: 620; Dick, 2013: 11; FMNH, 2014. blandus Curran, 1935: 10, fig. 11., Published as part of Dick, Carl W., Graciolli, Gustavo & Guerrero, Ricardo, 2016, FAMILY STREBLIDAE, pp. 784-802 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on pages 795-796, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.67, http://zenodo.org/record/264152, {"references":["Townsend, C. H. T. (1891) A remarkable new Hippoboscid from Mexico. Entomological News, 2, 105 - 106.","Wenzel, R. L., Tipton, V. J. & Kewlicz, A. (1966) The streblid batflies of Panama (Diptera: Calypterae: Streblidae). In: Wenzel, R. L. & Tipton, V. J. (Eds.), Ectoparasites of Panama. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, pp. 405 - 675.","Wenzel, R. L. (1970) 100. Family Streblidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 25 pp.","Guerrero, R. (1995 a) Catalogo de los Streblidae (Diptera: Pupipara) parasitos de murcielagos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) del Nuevo Mundo. III. Los grupos: dugesii, dunni y phyllostomae del genero Trichobius Gervais, 1844. Acta Biologicas Venezuelica, 15, 1 - 27.","Graciolli, G. & Coelho, D. C. (2001) Streblidae (Diptera, Hippoboscoidea) sobre morcegos filostomideos (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) em cavernas do Distrito Federal, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 18, 965 - 970. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752001000300028","Graciolli, G. & Rui, A. M. (2001) Streblidae (Diptera, Hippoboscoidea) em morcegos (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) no nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Iheringia Serie Zoologia, 90, 85 - 90.","ter Hofstede, H. M., Fenton, M. B. & Whitaker, J. O. Jr. (2004) Host and host-site specificity of bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae and Nycterbiidae) on Neotropical bats (Chiroptera). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 82, 616 - 626.","Dick, C. W. (2013) Review of the bat flies of Honduras, Central America (Diptera: Streblidae). Journal of Parasitology Research, 2013 (Article ID 437696), 1 - 17. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1155 / 2013 / 437696","Curran, C. H. (1935) New species of Nycteribiidae and Streblidae (Diptera). American Museum Novitates, 765, 1 - 15."]}

tiptoni Wenzel, 1976: 60, figs 24 D, 26 I. Type locality: Venezuela, Barinas, Altamira. Type host: Anoura caudifer E. Geoffroy. HT M, AT F (USNM); PT 79 (FMNH, UCV). Distr.: Colombia (Nari��o (El Carmen)), Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, Venezuela. Refs.: Wenzel, 1976: 60; Guerrero, 1995 a: 7 (cat.), 1997: 10 (cat.); Graciolli & Carvalho, 2001: 913; Dick et al., 2007: 375; FMNH, 2014., Published as part of Dick, Carl W., Graciolli, Gustavo & Guerrero, Ricardo, 2016, FAMILY STREBLIDAE, pp. 784-802 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 797, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.67, http://zenodo.org/record/264152, {"references":["Wenzel, R. L. (1976) The streblid batflies of Venezuela (Diptera: Streblidae). Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, 20, 1 - 177.","Guerrero, R. (1995 a) Catalogo de los Streblidae (Diptera: Pupipara) parasitos de murcielagos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) del Nuevo Mundo. III. Los grupos: dugesii, dunni y phyllostomae del genero Trichobius Gervais, 1844. Acta Biologicas Venezuelica, 15, 1 - 27.","Graciolli, G. & de Carvalho, C. J. B. (2001) Moscas ectoparasitas (Diptera, Hippoboscoidea) de morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) do Estado do Parana. II. Streblidae. Chave pictorica para generos e especies. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 18, 907 - 960. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752001000300026"]}

perspicillatus (Pess��a & Galv��o), 1937: 1, figs 1-3 (Trichobius). Type locality: Brazil, Bahia. Type host: Carollia perspicillata Linnaeus (= Hemiderma perspicillatum Linnaeus). CT 2 M, 1 F (MZSP). Distr.: Colombia (Choc�� (Golfo de Uraba, Unguia), Cundinamarca (Melgar; Tocaima; Viletta), Meta (Pto. Lopez; San Juan de Arama, Los Micos), Tolima (Honda, Central; Melgar)), Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad, Venezuela. Refs.: Pess��a & Galv��o, 1937: 1; Wenzel et al., 1966: 511; Wenzel, 1970: 7 (cat.), 1976: 86; Guerrero, 1994 b: 161 (cat.), 1997: 10 (cat.); Dick, 2013: 10; FMNH, 2014., Published as part of Dick, Carl W., Graciolli, Gustavo & Guerrero, Ricardo, 2016, FAMILY STREBLIDAE, pp. 784-802 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 795, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.67, http://zenodo.org/record/264152, {"references":["Pessoa, S. B. & Galvao, A. L. (1937) Descripcao de uma nova especies do genero Trichobius (Diptera-Streblidae). Folia Clinica et Biologica Sao Paulo, 12, 255 - 267.","Wenzel, R. L., Tipton, V. J. & Kewlicz, A. (1966) The streblid batflies of Panama (Diptera: Calypterae: Streblidae). In: Wenzel, R. L. & Tipton, V. J. (Eds.), Ectoparasites of Panama. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, pp. 405 - 675.","Wenzel, R. L. (1970) 100. Family Streblidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 25 pp.","Guerrero, R. (1994 b) Catalogo de los Streblidae (Diptera: Pupipara) parasitos de murcielagos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) del Nuevo Mundo. IV. Trichobiinae con alas desarroladas. Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana, 9, 161 - 192.","Dick, C. W. (2013) Review of the bat flies of Honduras, Central America (Diptera: Streblidae). Journal of Parasitology Research, 2013 (Article ID 437696), 1 - 17. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1155 / 2013 / 437696"]}

petersoni Wenzel, 1976: 78, figs 28 I, 29 A. Type locality: Colombia, Cundinamarca, Bogota. Type host: Sturnira bogotensis Shamel. HT M, AT F (USNM); PT 21 (FMNH), (UCV). Distr.: Colombia (Cundinamarca (Bogota), Huila (El Parque Guacharos, Upper Bridge on Rio Suaza)), Bolivia, Venezuela. Refs.: Wenzel, 1976: 78; Guerrero, 1995 a: 18, 1997: 10 (cat.); Dick et al., 2007: 375; Graciolli & Carvalho, 2012: 448; FMNH, 2014., Published as part of Dick, Carl W., Graciolli, Gustavo & Guerrero, Ricardo, 2016, FAMILY STREBLIDAE, pp. 784-802 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 797, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.67, http://zenodo.org/record/264152, {"references":["Wenzel, R. L. (1976) The streblid batflies of Venezuela (Diptera: Streblidae). Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, 20, 1 - 177.","Guerrero, R. (1995 a) Catalogo de los Streblidae (Diptera: Pupipara) parasitos de murcielagos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) del Nuevo Mundo. III. Los grupos: dugesii, dunni y phyllostomae del genero Trichobius Gervais, 1844. Acta Biologicas Venezuelica, 15, 1 - 27.","Graciolli, G. & de Carvalho, C. J. B (2012) Do fly parasites of bats and their hosts coevolve? Speciation in Trichobius phyllostomae group (Diptera, Streblidae) and their hosts (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) suggests that they do not. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 56, 436 - 450. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262012000400007"]}

furmani Wenzel, 1966: 490, figs. 68 C, 72. Type locality: Peru, Puno, Segrario. Type host: Desmodus rotundus E. Geoffroy. HT M, AT F (FMNH); PT 243 (in numerous collections, see Wenzel et al. 1966: 410). Distr.: Colombia (Meta (El Parque La Macarena, Cabana Duda, 20 ft e; Villavicencio, small cano, National Police Base, 500 m ne; Villavicencio), Vaup��s (Upper Rio Inrida, Cerro de las Pinturas)), Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru. Refs.: Wenzel et al., 1966: 490, 1970: 4 (cat.); Guerrero, 1995 a: 11 (cat.), 1997: 10 (cat.); Graciolli & Carvalho, 2001: 915; FMNH, 2014., Published as part of Dick, Carl W., Graciolli, Gustavo & Guerrero, Ricardo, 2016, FAMILY STREBLIDAE, pp. 784-802 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 796, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.67, http://zenodo.org/record/264152, {"references":["Wenzel, R. L., Tipton, V. J. & Kewlicz, A. (1966) The streblid batflies of Panama (Diptera: Calypterae: Streblidae). In: Wenzel, R. L. & Tipton, V. J. (Eds.), Ectoparasites of Panama. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, pp. 405 - 675.","Guerrero, R. (1995 a) Catalogo de los Streblidae (Diptera: Pupipara) parasitos de murcielagos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) del Nuevo Mundo. III. Los grupos: dugesii, dunni y phyllostomae del genero Trichobius Gervais, 1844. Acta Biologicas Venezuelica, 15, 1 - 27.","Graciolli, G. & de Carvalho, C. J. B. (2001) Moscas ectoparasitas (Diptera, Hippoboscoidea) de morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) do Estado do Parana. II. Streblidae. Chave pictorica para generos e especies. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 18, 907 - 960. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752001000300026"]}

angulatus Wenzel, 1976: 62, figs 24 A, 26 B. Type locality: Venezuela, Bolivar, 85 km sse El Dorado, km 125, 1,032 m. Type host: Platyrrhinus aurarius Handley & Ferris. HT M, AT F (USNM); PT 15 M 8 F 1 sex undet. (FMNH, UCV). Distr.: Colombia (Meta (El Parque La Macarena, Cano, Cabana Refugio, 80 m w; El Parque La Macarena, Refugio, 100 m w; Villavicencio, small cano, National Police Base)), Venezuela. Refs.: Wenzel, 1976: 62; Guerrero, 1995 a: 8 (cat.), 1997: 10 (cat.); FMNH, 2014., Published as part of Dick, Carl W., Graciolli, Gustavo & Guerrero, Ricardo, 2016, FAMILY STREBLIDAE, pp. 784-802 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 795, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.67, http://zenodo.org/record/264152, {"references":["Wenzel, R. L. (1976) The streblid batflies of Venezuela (Diptera: Streblidae). Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, 20, 1 - 177.","Guerrero, R. (1995 a) Catalogo de los Streblidae (Diptera: Pupipara) parasitos de murcielagos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) del Nuevo Mundo. III. Los grupos: dugesii, dunni y phyllostomae del genero Trichobius Gervais, 1844. Acta Biologicas Venezuelica, 15, 1 - 27."]}

johnsonae Wenzel, 1966: 455, figs 55 A, 57 G���I. Type locality: Panama, Cocle, Penonome cave. Type host: Pteronotus personatus psilotis Dobson. HT M, AT F (FMNH); PT 4 M, 4 F (MZSP), 278 (in numerous collections, see Wenzel et al., 1966: 410). Distr.: Colombia (Bol��var (Cartagena)), Panama, Venezuela. Refs.: Wenzel et al. 1966: 455, Wenzel, 1970: 4 (cat.), 1976: 34; Guerrero, 1994 a: 5 (cat.), 1997: 10 (cat.); FMNH, 2014., Published as part of Dick, Carl W., Graciolli, Gustavo & Guerrero, Ricardo, 2016, FAMILY STREBLIDAE, pp. 784-802 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 797, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.67, http://zenodo.org/record/264152, {"references":["Wenzel, R. L., Tipton, V. J. & Kewlicz, A. (1966) The streblid batflies of Panama (Diptera: Calypterae: Streblidae). In: Wenzel, R. L. & Tipton, V. J. (Eds.), Ectoparasites of Panama. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, pp. 405 - 675.","Wenzel, R. L. (1970) 100. Family Streblidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 25 pp.","Guerrero, R. (1994 a) Catalogo de los Streblidae (Diptera: Pupipara) parasitos de murcielagos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) del Nuevo Mundo. II. Los grupos: pallidus, caecus, major, uniformis y longipes del genero Trichobius Gervais, 1844. Acta Biologicas Venezuelica, 15, 1 - 18."]}

vampyropis Wenzel, 1966: 500, figs 74 B, 75 C. Type locality: Panama, Bocas del Toro, Rancho Mojica. Type host: Platyrrhinus vittatus Peters. HT M, AT F (FMNH); PT 7 (USNM), (EHB), (GML). Distr.: Colombia (Huila (El Parque Guacharos, Rio Suaza Cascada), Nari��o (El Carmen)), Panama, Venezuela. Refs.: Wenzel et al., 1966: 500, Wenzel, 1970: 6 (cat.), 1976: 77; Guerrero, 1995 a: 17, 1997: 10 (cat.); Graciolli & Carvalho, 2012: 448; FMNH, 2014., Published as part of Dick, Carl W., Graciolli, Gustavo & Guerrero, Ricardo, 2016, FAMILY STREBLIDAE, pp. 784-802 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 798, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.67, http://zenodo.org/record/264152, {"references":["Wenzel, R. L., Tipton, V. J. & Kewlicz, A. (1966) The streblid batflies of Panama (Diptera: Calypterae: Streblidae). In: Wenzel, R. L. & Tipton, V. J. (Eds.), Ectoparasites of Panama. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, pp. 405 - 675.","Wenzel, R. L. (1970) 100. Family Streblidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 25 pp.","Guerrero, R. (1995 a) Catalogo de los Streblidae (Diptera: Pupipara) parasitos de murcielagos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) del Nuevo Mundo. III. Los grupos: dugesii, dunni y phyllostomae del genero Trichobius Gervais, 1844. Acta Biologicas Venezuelica, 15, 1 - 27.","Graciolli, G. & de Carvalho, C. J. B (2012) Do fly parasites of bats and their hosts coevolve? Speciation in Trichobius phyllostomae group (Diptera, Streblidae) and their hosts (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) suggests that they do not. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 56, 436 - 450. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262012000400007"]}

caecus Edwards, 1918: 424. Type locality: Trinidad, Guacharo Caves. Type host: unknown. CT 3 F (BMNH). Distr.: Colombia (Bol��var ("Las Campanas", Coloso), Vichada (El Parque Tuparro, Centro Administrativo, near boat landing)), Brazil, Honduras, Mexico? (see Guerrero, 1997), Trinidad, Venezuela. Refs.: Edwards, 1918: 424; Wenzel et al. 1966: 450; Wenzel, 1970: 3 (cat.), 1976: 32; Guerrero, 1994 a: 3 (cat.), 1997: 10 (cat.); Graciolli & Linardi, 2002: 139; Dick, 2013: 11; FMNH, 2014., Published as part of Dick, Carl W., Graciolli, Gustavo & Guerrero, Ricardo, 2016, FAMILY STREBLIDAE, pp. 784-802 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 795, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.67, http://zenodo.org/record/264152, {"references":["Edwards, F. W. (1918) Two new Diptera from Trinidad. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 9, 424 - 425. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931808562338","Guerrero, R. (1997) Catalogo de los Streblidae (Diptera: Pupipara) parasitos de murcielagos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) del Nuevo Mundo. VII. Lista de especies, hospedadores y paises. Acta Biologica Venezuelica, 17, 9 - 24.","Wenzel, R. L., Tipton, V. J. & Kewlicz, A. (1966) The streblid batflies of Panama (Diptera: Calypterae: Streblidae). In: Wenzel, R. L. & Tipton, V. J. (Eds.), Ectoparasites of Panama. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, pp. 405 - 675.","Wenzel, R. L. (1970) 100. Family Streblidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 25 pp.","Guerrero, R. (1994 a) Catalogo de los Streblidae (Diptera: Pupipara) parasitos de murcielagos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) del Nuevo Mundo. II. Los grupos: pallidus, caecus, major, uniformis y longipes del genero Trichobius Gervais, 1844. Acta Biologicas Venezuelica, 15, 1 - 18.","Graciolli, G. & Linardi, P. M. (2002) Some Streblidae and Nycteribiidae (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea) from Maraca Island, Roraima, Brazil. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 97, 139 - 141. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02762002000100026","Dick, C. W. (2013) Review of the bat flies of Honduras, Central America (Diptera: Streblidae). Journal of Parasitology Research, 2013 (Article ID 437696), 1 - 17. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1155 / 2013 / 437696"]}

parasiticus Gervais, 1844: 14, pl. 53. Type locality: ���Guiane.��� Type host: Desmodus rotundus E. Geoffroy (= Desmodus rufus Wied-Neuwied). Type lost. (see Wenzel et al., 1966: 494). Distr.: Colombia (Antioquia (San Jeronimo, 35 km NW of Medellin; Santa Fe), Bol��var (Cartagena; Fuerte de San Felipe, Cartagena; Tolu), Caldas (Dorada; Quebrada Perico, La Dorado), Cundinamarca (Apulo; Tocaima), Huila (Pitalito), Magdalena (Rio Cesar, Valledupar), Meta (El Parque La Macarena, Cabana Duda, 20 ft e; San Juan de Arama, Los Micos), Norte de Santander (Tibu), Santander (Cueva Macaregua, San Gil), Tolima (Cueva "El Eden", Hacienda Camelia, Cunday; Cueva Villa Vilma, near Honda; Hacienda "El Encanto", Cunday; Honda), Valle del Cauca (Buenaventura, house on Rio Dagua; Buenaventura, under Cali-Buena ventura road; Cali, urbanizacion Bella Suiza finca "El Mango"; Municipiode Cali, finca "La Pailita" of M. Becerra; Vijes, 30 km n Cali; Vijes, Finca "El Zarzal", 1 mi E of Vijes)), Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad, Venezuela. Refs.: Gervais, 1844: 14; Dunn, 1929: 504; Bequaert, 1940: 418; Wenzel et al., 1966: 494; Wenzel, 1970: 5 (cat.), 1976: 69; Guerrero, 1995 a: 9 (cat.), 1997: 10 (cat.); Autino & Claps, 2000: 195 (cat.); Dick & Gettinger, 2005: 1021; ter Hofstede et al., 2004: 620; Dick, 2013: 13; FMNH, 2014. kesseli Guimar��es, 1938: 660, fig. 9., Published as part of Dick, Carl W., Graciolli, Gustavo & Guerrero, Ricardo, 2016, FAMILY STREBLIDAE, pp. 784-802 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 797, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.67, http://zenodo.org/record/264152, {"references":["Gervais, F. L. P. (1844) Atlas de Zoologie; ou, collection de 100 planches comprenant 257 figures d'animaux nouveaux ou peu connus classes d'apres la methode de M. de Blainville. Avec une explication par M. Paul Gervais. Ouvrage complementaire des dictionnaires et des traites d'Histore naturelle. Germer Bailliere, Paris, 32 pp.","Wenzel, R. L., Tipton, V. J. & Kewlicz, A. (1966) The streblid batflies of Panama (Diptera: Calypterae: Streblidae). In: Wenzel, R. L. & Tipton, V. J. (Eds.), Ectoparasites of Panama. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, pp. 405 - 675.","Dunn, L. H. (1929) Notes on some insects and other arthropods affecting man and animals in Colombia. American Journal of Tropical Medicine, 9, 493 - 508.","Bequaert, J. (1940) Moscas parasitas pupiparas de Colombia y Panama. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 3, 414 - 418.","Wenzel, R. L. (1970) 100. Family Streblidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 25 pp.","Guerrero, R. (1995 a) Catalogo de los Streblidae (Diptera: Pupipara) parasitos de murcielagos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) del Nuevo Mundo. III. Los grupos: dugesii, dunni y phyllostomae del genero Trichobius Gervais, 1844. Acta Biologicas Venezuelica, 15, 1 - 27.","Autino, A. G. & Claps, G. L. (2000) Catalogue of the ectoparasitic insects of the bats of Argentina. Insecta Mundi, 14, 193 - 209.","Dick, C. W. & Gettinger, D. (2005) A faunal survey of streblid bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae) associated with bats in Paraguay. Journal of Parasitology, 91, 1015 - 1024. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1645 / GE- 536 R. 1","ter Hofstede, H. M., Fenton, M. B. & Whitaker, J. O. Jr. (2004) Host and host-site specificity of bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae and Nycterbiidae) on Neotropical bats (Chiroptera). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 82, 616 - 626.","Dick, C. W. (2013) Review of the bat flies of Honduras, Central America (Diptera: Streblidae). Journal of Parasitology Research, 2013 (Article ID 437696), 1 - 17. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1155 / 2013 / 437696","Guimaraes, L. R. (1938) Sobre as especies sul americanas do genera Trichobius (Diptera-Streblidae). Revista do Museu Paulista, 23, 651 - 666."]}

Se reportan dos nuevos registros de moscas ectoparásitas de murciélagos (Diptera: Streblidae) para México (Trichobius brennani y Anatrichobius scorzai), así como otros seis nuevos registros para el estado de Veracruz, recolectados sobre sus murciélagos hospederos pertenecientes a las familias Phyllostomidae y Vespertilionidae. De acuerdo con esta información, se actualiza la lista de Streblidae para México a 51 especies, de las cuales 23 se distribuyen en el Estado de Veracruz. Trichobius brennani and Anatrichobius scorzai are reported as two new records of ectoparasite bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae) from Mexico. Six new species are recorded for the state of Veracruz as well, having been collected on hosts belonging to the families Phyllostomidae and Vespertilionidae. According to these records, the list of Streblidae for Mexico increases to 51 species, 23 of which are distributed in the state of Veracruz.

Bats of the family Phyllostomidae are common hosts to streblids known as bat flies. Here, we discuss the component community, prevalence and intensity of infection with species of Streblidae on an assemblage of phyllostomid bats in the Cafuringa Environmental Protection Area (APA Cafuringa) in the core area of the Cerrado in Central Brazil. A total of 1 841 streblid individuals of 24 species occurred on 752 bats of 14 species. Ten species of streblids infected Glossophaga soricina (Pallas), whereas seven or fewer streblid species infected the other bat species. Nine bat fly species presented a prevalence of more than 50%, whereas some differences in the abundance of bat flies among hosts were observed. Strebla wiedemanni Kolenati, 1856 and Trichobius furmani Wenzel, 1966 were more host-specific compared to the other streblids, and they occurred in greater abundance on their preferred hosts. Trichobius uniformis Curran, 1935 and Strebla mirabilis (Waterhouse, 1879) were the least host-specific, occurring on five and six hosts, respectively.

Ectoparasites of bats and bat-associated pathogens are poorly studied in the Lesser Antilles Islands. We report on an 11-mo field study on Saint Kitts Island of bat populations, their associated ectoparasites, and pathogens. We report on five ectoparasite species, including four Streblidae (Diptera) and a Spinturnicidae (Acari). Several genotypes of unnamed Bartonella were isolated from bats and ectoparasites. Microfilaria of an undetermined Litomosoides spp. were detected in blood from Artibeus jamaicensis Leach (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) (and associated ectoparasites: Trichobius intermedius Peterson and Hurka (Diptera: Streblidae) and Periglischrus iheringi Oudemans (Acari: Spinturnicidae)). In addition, an Ehrlichia sp. and Rickettsia africae were detected in the blood of several bat species. Our study is one of the first surveys of ectoparasite-borne pathogens in wild mammals from St. Kitts.

Ecological aspects related to parasitism are one of the less studied issues in parasitology research, and the scarce evidence available supports that younger specimens present higher infestation rates. The purpose of this work is to establish if higher infestation rates are observed in nursing females and their young captured inside their roost. Bats were captured inside a shelter located in RPPN Estação Veracel, Santa Cruz de Cabrália, Bahia state, Brazil. A total of 56 individuals of Carollia perspicillata were observed, 17 captured inside the roost during the day and 39 in trails at night. Captures of C. perspicillata during the day in a shelter yielded similar infestation rates to bats netted in trails and higher prevalence. The hypothesis that young were more infected was confirmed, based on the higher infestation of nursing females with neonates and on the significant inverse relation between body weight and number of parasites in young and subadults.

Streblidae e Nycteribiidae são encontradas exclusivamente em associação com morcegos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a diversidade de insetos ectoparasitas encontrados em morcegos da Reserva Biológica das Perobas, Estado do Paraná, Brasil. O trabalho foi realizado nos meses de maio, junho e agosto de 2008 e fevereiro, março e abril de 2009. Para a captura dos morcegos, foram utilizadas 32 redes-de-neblina, totalizando esforço de captura de 43.520m².h. A coleta de ectoparasitas foi feita manualmente ou com auxílio de pinça reta de ponta fina. Os espécimes foram conservados em álcool 70% e identificados com auxílio de microscópio estereoscópico. Os dados foram analisados por meio do estimador não paramétrico Bootstrap e estatística descritiva. As espécies de ectoparasitas identificadas foram: Aspidoptera falcata Wenzel, 1976, Megistopoda proxima (Séguy, 1926), Megistopoda aranea (Coquillett, 1899), Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907), Trichobius tiptoni Wenzel, 1976 e Basilia quadrosae Graciolli & Moura, 2005. A curva de riqueza estimada indicou tendência à ocorrência de outras espécies de ectoparasitas na unidade de conservação, haja vista que não foi alcançada a assíntota horizontal. Os dados obtidos corroboram com os verificados em outras regiões do Brasil e contribuem com as informações sobre a diversidade do grupo no bioma Mata Atlântica do noroeste do Paraná.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:54:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0101-81752007000100033.pdf: 59694 bytes, checksum: 9ee4892763ff8d7d812802fb9a9fff15 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:54:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0101-81752007000100033.pdf: 59694 bytes, checksum: 9ee4892763ff8d7d812802fb9a9fff15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:46:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0101-81752007000100033.pdf: 59694 bytes, checksum: 9ee4892763ff8d7d812802fb9a9fff15 (MD5) S0101-81752007000100033.pdf.txt: 20566 bytes, checksum: f80ca80140aa091b83af942ae1f0de6f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:59:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0101-81752007000100033.pdf: 59694 bytes, checksum: 9ee4892763ff8d7d812802fb9a9fff15 (MD5) S0101-81752007000100033.pdf.txt: 20566 bytes, checksum: f80ca80140aa091b83af942ae1f0de6f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:59:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0101-81752007000100033.pdf: 59694 bytes, checksum: 9ee4892763ff8d7d812802fb9a9fff15 (MD5) S0101-81752007000100033.pdf.txt: 20566 bytes, checksum: f80ca80140aa091b83af942ae1f0de6f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Informações sobre estreblídeos e nicteribiídeos e seus hospedeiros são escassas na Floresta com Araucária (FA), não havendo dados sobre a riqueza, o padrão de distribuição e a abundância desses ectoparasitos sobre uma determinada comunidade de morcegos. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido em fragmentos de FA (aproximadamente 470 ha) localizados no município de Fazenda Rio Grande, Paraná, no período de dezembro de 2001 a maio de 2003. Foram registrados 12 indivíduos pertencentes a três espécies de Nycteribiidae e 119 de seis espécies de Streblidae sobre 127 hospedeiros examinados (quatro espécies de Phyllostomidae e sete de Vespertilionidae). Cinco das seis espécies de estreblídeos foram encontradas apenas sobre Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810) e Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818). em 62 indivíduos de S. lilium foram coletadas: Megistopoda proxima (Séguy, 1926) com prevalência de 65,4% e intensidade média de infestação de 2,00; Aspidoptera falcata Wenzel, 1976 com 13,5% e 2,29; Trichobius phyllostomae Kessel, 1925 com 7,7% e 1,00; e Metelasmus wenzeli Graciolli & Dick, 2004 com 1,6% e 4,00. Não foi encontrada diferença na prevalência (p = 0,544) e na intensidade média (p = 0,361) em relação ao sexo de S. lilium. em 26 A. lituratus, foi encontrada apenas Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1907) com prevalência de 32% e intensidade média de 1,50. The information available on streblid and nycteribiid bat flies and their hosts are scant in the Araucaria Forest (AF) and there are no data on richness, distribution patterns or abundance of these ectoparasites in bat communities. Therefore, we conducted a study on bats and their ectoparasites in AF remnants (approximately 470 ha) located in the municipality of Fazenda Rio Grande, Paraná State, between December 2001 and May 2003. Twelve individuals of three species of Nycteribiidae and 119 individuals of six species of Streblidae were collected on 127 bats (four species of Phyllostomidae and seven of Vespertilionidae). Five of the six species of streblid were found exclusively on Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810) and Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818). We collected Megistopoda proxima (Séguy, 1926) on 62 S. lilium examined with prevalence of 65.4% and mean intensity of 2.00; Aspidoptera falcata Wenzel, 1976, respectively, with 13.5% and 2.29; Trichobius phyllostomae Kessel, 1925 with 7.7% and 1.00; and Metelasmus wenzeli Graciolli & Dick, 2004 with 1.6% and 4.00. We did not find significant differences in prevalence (p = 0.544) and mean intensity (p = 0.361) between the sexes of S. lilium. on 26 A. lituratus captured we found only Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1907) with prevalence of 32% and mean intensity of 1.50. Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Departamento de Biologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Zoologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Zoologia

This study describes the diversity of ectoparasitic bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae) in the state of Yucatan, Mexico. Fieldwork was carried out from June 2010 to January 2012 in seven municipalities of Yucatan, where 13 sampling sites were selected to capture bats using mist nets. Over 156 sampling nights a total of 910 bats were captured; these belonged to 19 species in four families: Mormoopidae, Phyllostomidae, Natalidae, and Vespertilionidae. Phyllostomidae was the richest family (13 bat species), followed by Mormoopidae (3 spp.), Vespertilionidae (2 spp.), and Natalidae (1 spp.). After careful inspection of the bats, a total of 2,134 Streblid bat flies were collected, belonging to 17 species in six genera (Nycterophilia coxata Ferris, N. natali Wenzel, Trichobius diphyllae Wenzel, T. dugesii Townsend, T. galei Wenzel, T. hirsutulus Bequaert, T. intermedius Peterson and Hurka, T. parasiticus Gervais, T. uniformis Curran, T. yunkeri Wenzel, Megistopoda aranea Coquillett, M. proxima Seguy, Aspidoptera delatorrei Wenzel, Strebla alvarezi Wenzel, S. diphyllae Wenzel, S. wiedemanni Kolenati, and Metelasmus pseudopterus Coquillett). The richest and most diverse genus was Trichobius. Five species--N. natali, T. diphyllae, M. proxima, A. delatorrei, and M. pseudopterus, are new records for Yucatan, and T. galei is a new record for the country, increasing the total number of Streblidae species for Mexico to 49.

Information about the ectoparasite insects of six species of argentino bats, one Vespertilionidae, one Molossidae and four Phyllostomidae is offered. Trichobius dunni is added to the fauna of Argentina as well as new localities to the previously known distribution for Anatrichcbíus scorzai, Megistopoda próxima, and Trichobius parasiticus.

Se reportan dos nuevos registros de moscas ectoparásitas de murciélagos (Diptera: Streblidae) para México (Trichobius brennani y Anatrichobius scorzai), así como otros seis nuevos registros para el estado de Veracruz, recolectados sobre sus murciélagos hospederos pertenecientes a las familias Phyllostomidae y Vespertilionidae. De acuerdo con esta información, se actualiza la lista de Streblidae para México a 51 especies, de las cuales 23 se distribuyen en el Estado de Veracruz.

Ectoparasitos de morcegos (Chiroptera, Furipteridae), com a descrição de uma nova espécie de Synthesiostrebla Townsend (Diptera, Streblidae) do Brasil. Os poucos dados sobre ectoparasitismo em morcegos furipterídeos são restritos a moscas (Streblidae). Somente três espécies de estreblídeos eram conhecidas antes desse trabalho: Trichobius pallidus (Curran, 1934), Strebla wiedemanni Kolenati, 1856, and Synthesiostrebla amorphochili Townsend, 1913. Outra espécie de Synthesiostrebla é descrita aqui aumentando a distribuição geográfica do gênero para o lado leste dos Andes. Synthesiostrebla cisandina sp. nov. foi encontrada sobre Furipterus horrens (Cuvier, 1828) no sudeste do Brasil. Região anterior do corpo, asa, tergito 7, epiprocto e genitália masculina são ilustrados e uma chave de identificação para fêmeas também é apresentada. ABSTRACT - Ectoparasites of bats (Chiroptera, Furipteridae), with a description of a new species of Synthesiostrebla Townsend (Diptera, Streblidae) from Brazil. Records of ectoparasites from furipterid bats are restricted to bat flies (Streblidae). Only three streblid species were known before this work: Trichobius pallidus (Curran, 1934), Strebla wiedemanni Kolenati, 1856, and Synthesiostrebla amorphochili Townsend, 1913. A second species of Synthesiostrebla is described here, increasing the geographical distribution of the genus to east of the Andes. Synthesiostrebla cisandina sp. nov. was found on Furipterus horrens (Cuvier, 1828) in southeastern Brazil. Anterior parts of the body, wing, tergite 7, epiproct and male genitalia are illustrated, and a key to females for species of Synthesiostrebla is provided.

Species of batflies of bats from Amazonas and Pará, Brazil are reported. Eleven species of Streblidae and three of Nycteribiidae were found on nine species of bats, belonging to seven genera. Pseudostrebla greenwelli Wenzel, 1996, Trichobius affinis Wenzel, 1976, Trichobius silvicolae Wenzel, 1976, and Hershkovitzia inaequalis Theodor, 1967 were collected for the first time in Brazil. Strebla consocia Wenzel, 1966, Strebla galindoi Wenzel, 1966, Trichobius dugesioides phyllostomus Guerrero, 1998, and Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966 are new records for state of Amazonas. Noctiliostrebla maai Wenzel, 1966, Basilia dubia Guimarães & D'Andretta, 1956, and Basilia ferruginea Miranda Ribeiro, 1903 are new records for state of Pará.

A survey of batflies (Diptera, Streblidae) was done in Paraná State, Brazil during 1998 and 1999. Twenty-tree species in 10 genera were recorded. Two species of streblid batflies, Paraeuctenodes longipes Pessôa & Guimarães, 1936 and Metelasmus pseudopterus Coquillett, 1907, that have not been found in Paraná State were included, because they have been recorded in Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo States. One species is new a record for Brazil: Trichobius jubatus Wenzel, 1976. In addition, twenty more species are new records for Paraná State: Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966; T. tiptoni Wenzel, 1976; T. furmani Wenzel, 1966; T. longipes (Rudow, 1871); Paratrichobius longicrus (Ribeiro, 1907); Megistopada aranea (Coquillett, 1899); M. proxima (Séguy, 1926); Aspidoptera falcata Wenzel, 1976; A. phyllostomatis (Perty, 1833); Exastinion clovisi (Pessôa & Guimarães, 1936); Noctiliostrebla aitkeni Wenzel, 1966; Paradyschiria fusca Speiser; 1900; P. parvula Falcoz, 1931; Strebla chrotopteri Wenzel, 1976; S. diaemi Wenzel, 1966; S. guajiro (Garcia & Casal, 1965); S. mirabilis (Waterhouse, 1879), Paraeuctenodes similis Wenzel, 1976; Anastrebla caudiferae Wenzel, 1976; A. modestini Wenzel, 1966. The occurence of Paralrichabius longicrus on Pygoderma bilabiatum (Wagner, 1843), and Trichobius dugesioides dugesioides and Strebla mirabilis on Mimon bennettii (Gray, 1838) is reported for first time. Pictorial keys to species are presented and the gonopods of streblid batflies are illustrated.

A survey of the Streblidae batflies on the phyllostomid bats was conducted in the northeastern Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, during 1997. Hundred thirty three streblids were collected on 44 parasited hosts. Eleven species of batflies (Trichobius dugesii Townsend, 1891, T. tiptoni Wenzel, 1976, Trichobius sp., Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907), Megistopoda aranea (Coquillett, 1899), M. proxima (Séguy, 1926), Exastinion clovisi (Pessoa & Guimarães, 1936), Paraeuctenodes longipes Pessoa & Guimarães, 1936, Anastrebla modestini Wenzel, 1966, A. caudiferae Wenzel, 1976 and Metelasmus pseudopterus Coquillett, 1907) were found on six species of phyllostomid bats (Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818), A. fimbriatus Gray, 1838, Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810), Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1766), Anoura caudifera (E. Geoffroy, 1818) and A. geoffroyi Gray, 1838). All records are new for the Rio Grande do Sul and Anastrebla caudiferae is firstly recorded in Brazil. Differences in the batflies community composition in Artibeus fimbriatus and A. lituratus are discussed.

Ten new species of Trichobius are described from the Neotropical Region: T. intermedius (Dominican Republic, Haiti, Bahama Islands, Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador); T. neotropicus (Dominican Republic); T. cognatus (Dominica and Cuba); T. wenzeli (Cuba); T. dusbabeki (Cuba); T. cernyi (Cuba); T. frequens (Cuba, Dominican Republic, and Jamaica); T. macroti (Cuba and Bahama Islands); T. robynae (Puerto Rico); and T. dominicanus (Dominican Republic).

This paper deals with the species of the commonest genus of the American Streblidae. The descriptions of the species were made from specimens mounted on slides, in Canada balsam. Here I wish to point out again that spirit preserved specimens are unsuitable for the study of these Diptera. These specimens do not show clearly the details of the structure of some sclerotized parts, and especially the arrangement of the small setae on the thorax, which in some cases, are the only reliable characters for the separation of the species. The study of unmounted specimens of these Diptera may easily lead to incorrect identification, or to the increase of undesirable synonyms.

In the present paper I discuss the identity and systematic position of Synthesiostrebla amorphochili Townsend, Speiseria ambigua Kessel and Lemosia setosa Pessôa ão. Besides, I include in this paper a revision of the species of the genus Paratrichobius, which structurally is more or less closely related to the genus Synthesiostrebla.

This work represents the first report of host-parasite associations between flies of the family Streblidae and their host bats in the Colombian Caribbean region. Specimens were collected in a dry tropical forest in the Sucre department. A total of 17 species (eight genera) of Streblidae, as well as 19 species from five bat families were recorded. Strebla mirabilis, Trichobius costalimai, Trichobius parasiticus and Paradyschiria parvuloides were the most abundant ectoparasites. Prevalence of ectoparasites on bat assemblage was 48.57%. In nine bat species, more than one Streblidae species were recorded. Trichobius costalimai had the greatest number of host species. We have found remarkable new associations between Artibeus planirostris and Trichobius costalimai, Lophostoma silvicolum and Strebla mirabilis, as well as Lophostoma silvicolum and Trichobius parasiticus. RESUMEN Este trabajo constituye el primer registro de las relaciones de parasitismo entre moscas Streblidae y murciélagos en la región Caribe colombiana. Los especímenes se capturaron en un bosque seco tropical del departamento de Sucre. Se registraron 17 especies de ocho géneros de Streblidae y 19 especies pertenecientes a cinco familias de murciélagos. Strebla mirabilis, Trichobius costalimai, Trichobius parasiticus y Paradyschiria parvuloides fueron los ectoparásitos más abundantes. La prevalencia de ectoparásitos sobre el ensamblaje de murciélagos fue del 48,57%. En nueve especies de murciélagos se encontró más de una especie de Streblidae. Trichobius costalimai fue la que presentó el mayor número de especies huéspedes. Resaltan por ser novedosas las asociaciones entre Artibeus planirostris-Trichobius costalimai, Lophostoma silvicolum-Strebla mirabilis y Lophostoma silvicolum-Trichobius parasiticus.