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Copyright of Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte is the property of Centro Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: We aim the isolated and combined effects of sedentary behaviour exposure time and physical activity levels on muscle strength in older adults., Design: This prospective observational cohort study, analytical in nature, using exploratory survey methods and physical performance testing. With 5-year longitudinal follow-up (2015-2020)., Methods: A total of 459 older adults participated in the baseline, with a total of 224 being included/located again in the follow-up. We evaluate muscle strength using handgrip tests and sit-to-stand tests. The international physical activity questionnaire was used to measure physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Generalised Estimation Equations tested both independent and combined effects, reporting results as β coefficients and confidence intervals., Results: Older adults exhibiting low sedentary behaviour displayed enhanced handgrip strength compared to those with high sedentary behaviour. Notably, older adults who were sufficiently active with low sedentary behaviour, sufficiently active with high sedentary behaviour, and insufficiently active with low sedentary behaviour showed increased handgrip strength compared to their counterparts who were insufficiently active with high sedentary behaviour. This trend was consistent for lower limb strength., Conclusion: Interventions that encourage a reduction in sedentary behaviour and an increase in physical activity are essential to maintain muscle strength among older adults., Implications for Practice: The findings of this study underscore the importance of addressing both sedentary behaviour and physical activity levels in clinical interventions aimed at preserving muscle strength in older adults. Routine assessments of physical activity and sedentary behaviour could help tailor personalised exercise programs, potentially enhancing functional independence and reducing the risk of frailty and disability in older patients., Patient or Public Contribution: Patients were involved in the sample of the study., Reporting Method: This study was conducted in accordance with the Strengthening Research in Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

This study aimed to test hypothesized effects of replacing sedentary behavior with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, sleep, and different domains of physical activity by equivalent amounts on suggestive cognitive decline in an older adult population. This was a cross-sectional study including 473 older adults aged ≥ 60 years. Cognitive decline was assessed using the Mini-Mental Health Examination. Physical activity, its different domains and the time of exposure to sedentary behavior were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. For data analysis, two isotemporal substitution models were constructed using Poisson regression. The first model tested the effect of sleep time, sedentary behavior, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on cognitive decline. The second model was used to determine the effect of physical activity domains (leisure, work, transport, and home), sleep time, and sedentary behavior on cognitive decline. Physical activity during leisure time was protective against cognitive decline among all domains tested, replacing sedentary behavior, sleep, and transport. Conversely, substitution of the leisure domain for sedentary behavior, sleep, and transport was considered a risk factor for cognitive decline. Leisure time proved to be a strong protective factor in reducing the risk of cognitive decline, and it is necessary to encourage and stimulate public policies that include it.

Background: Considering the interrelationship between the multiple determinants of nutritional status, analyses are needed to estimate direct and mediated effects between the variables that influence body mass index (BMI) in older adults. We aimed to verify the direct and indirect effects of sociodemographic, behavioral and health conditions on the BMI of older adults in the community., Methods: This is a longitudinal study based on data collection in 2015 and 2020. Descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Modeling were performed, considering p<0.05., Results: The sample consisted of 220 older adults with a mean baseline age of 68.86 years (± 7.10). Direct associations of higher BMI value with younger age, higher monthly family income, greater functional disability to perform instrumental activities of daily living and greater number of morbidities were found. In addition, education, gender, moderate to vigorous physical activity were indirectly associated with high BMI., Conclusion: These findings provide insights into the complex relationship of multiple determinants of nutritional status in older adults and support the design of public health policies that consider the specificities of this population group., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Camilo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Objective: To analyze the factors associated with low functional mobility in older adults residing in Alcobaça, BA., Methods: This is an epidemiological survey with a cross-sectional design, conducted in 2015 with 473 older adults (62.4% women; mean age 70.2 ± 8.2 years) from Alcobaça, BA. The interview script addressed sociodemographic characteristics, health, and behavioral aspects. Functional mobility was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (≤6 points). Inferential analyses were conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test and Poisson regression (with robust variance and estimation of prevalence ratios and their respective 95.0% confidence intervals)., Results: The prevalence of low functional mobility was 9.6%, with associated factors including the use of alcoholic beverages (PR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.01-1.13) and the number of repetitions in elbow flexion (PR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01-1.05). Additionally, older adults with low mobility had lower height, thigh circumference, and lower performance in handgrip strength tests, elbow flexion, and flexibility. They also spent more time in sedentary behavior and less time in physical activity compared to older adults with preserved mobility ( p  < 0.05)., Conclusion: Older adults with low mobility exhibit poorer values in anthropometric parameters, lower performance in motor tests, spend less time engaged in physical activities, and more time in sedentary behavior., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (© 2024 The Author(s). Aging Medicine published by Beijing Hospital and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Background: Compared to young individuals, older adults participate more in sedentary behavior (SB) and less in physical activity (PA). These behaviors are associated with numerous adverse health factors., Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine the hypothetical effects of substituting time spent sleeping, performing SB, and performing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on depressive symptomatology in older adults., Design and Setting: An analytical cross-sectional study employing exploratory survey methods was conducted in the city of Alcobaça in the state of Bahia, Brazil., Methods: The study included 473 older adults who answered a structured questionnaire during an interview. Exposure time to SB and PA level were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and depressive symptoms were analyzed using the short version of the Geriatric Depression Scale. An isotemporal replacement model was used to evaluate the effects of different SB sessions on depressive symptomatology., Results: An increase in the risk of depressive symptoms was observed when MVPA and sleep time were substituted for the same SB time at all times tested, with maximum values of 40% and 20%, respectively. Opposite substitution of MVPA and sleep time increments reduced the risk of depressive symptomatology by 28% and 17%, respectively., Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that replacing SB with the same amount of sleep or MVPA may reduce depressive symptoms. The longer the reallocation time, the greater are the benefits.

Objective: To estimate the hypothetical effects of substituting time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and time spent in sedentary behavior (SB) and their associations with diabetes., Methods: A cross-sectional study using exploratory survey methods was performed in Alcobaça city in the state of Bahia, Brazil in the year 2015. A total of 473 older adults (aged ≥60 years) participated in the study. Diabetes mellitus, time MVPA, and SB were assessed in a self-reported manner. The Poisson regression was used to verify the hypothetical effects of the substitution of MVPA with SB on diabetes., Results: The substitution of the time in MVPA with time in SB showed higher prevalence ratios of diabetes. Conversely, the substitution of the time in SB proved to be a protective factor, with risks reduced by between 4% and 19%., Discussion: The substitution of the time spent in MVPA with the same amount of time spent on SB can lead to an increase in the probability of diabetes, and a longer reallocation time corresponded to a greater risk., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Aging Medicine published by Beijing Hospital and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

This study investigated the direct and indirect associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with survival time in older adults. Prospective population-based cohort study used exploratory survey-type methods and physical performance tests in 319 adults aged ≥60 years. Trajectory diagrams were used to represent the initial hypothetical and final models with the relationships of independent, mediating, and dependent variables. Physical activity was indirectly associated with survival time and was mediated by instrumental activities of daily living and functional performance. In contrast, instrumental activities of daily living, functional performance, the number of hospitalizations, and medications mediated the association between duration of sedentary behavior and survival time. The explanatory power of the final model was 19%. Future efforts should focus on increasing the participation and adherence of older adults to exercise programs to improve their physical functions and general health, which may increase their health period and, consequently, their survival time.

Background: Frailty syndrome is associated with various physical, cognitive, social, economic, and environmental factors. Although frailty syndrome occurs progressively with age, prevention and treatment are possible. Reducing or eliminating risks and increasing protective factors may be potential strategies for reducing the prevalence of injuries related to frailty. One of the most effective actions is to decrease the time spent in sedentary behavior (SB) by increasing regular physical activity (PA)., Objective: To examine the hypothetical effect of substitution of the time spent in sleep or SB with an equivalent time spent performing moderate or vigorous PA on frailty syndrome in the older population., Design and Setting: An analytical cross-sectional study conducted using exploratory methods of survey, carried out in Alcobaça city, Bahia, Brazil., Methods: A total of 456 older adults of both sexes, aged ≥ 60 years, participated in this study. Frailty syndrome was identified according to the criteria of the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. PA and SB were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and sleep was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The effects of time substitution on these behaviors were verified using Poisson regression., Results: The replacement of 60 min/day of SB (prevalence ratio, PR = 0.52; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.28-0.96) or sleep (PR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.27-0.98) with 60 min/day of moderate PA (MPA) was associated with a 48% reduction in the prevalence of frailty syndrome., Conclusions: Replacing the time spent sitting or sleeping with the same amount of MPA time may reduce frailty; the longer the duration of time spent in the substitution of sleep or SB with MPA, the greater the benefits.

Background: Dynapenia is characterized by mobility limitations in the older population when combined with aggravating behavioral factors that can increase the risk of morbidity and mortality., Objective: To investigate the hypothetical effects of reallocation of time spent on sedentary behavior (SB), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sleep on dynapenia in older adults., Design and Setting: A prospective cohort study using exploratory surveys in Alcobaça City, Bahia State, Brazil., Methods: In total, 176 older adults (≥ 60 years) of both sexes participated in this study. Dynapenia was assessed using the handgrip strength test with cutoff points of < 27 kg for men and < 16 kg for women. MVPA and SB were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and sleep was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index., Results: Effects on reallocation were found for the shortest times, such as 10 minutes (odds ratio (OR) 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85-0.99); substituting MVPA with SB increased the chances of dynapenia by 58.0% (95% CI: 1.01-2.49). Analyzing the substitution of 60 minutes/day of SB with 60 minutes/day of MVPA revealed a protective effect, with a lower OR for dynapenia of 37.0% (OR 0.63; 95% CI: 0.40-0.99). The reallocation of sleep time did not significantly reduce dynapenia., Conclusions: Substituting the time spent sitting with the same amount of time spent on MVPA can reduce dynapenia, and a longer reallocation time confers greater health benefits in older adults.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of dynapenia combined with sedentary behavior (SB) on the risk of mortality in older adults living in a Brazilian community. A total of 322 participants aged ≥ 60 years from the ELSIA (Longitudinal Study of Elderly Health in Alcobaça) prospective cohort were included. Dynapenia was diagnosed when the handgrip strength was < 27 ​kg for men and < 16 ​kg for women. The exposure time to SB was assessed considering the total time spent sitting during one day in the week and one day on the weekend. When combined with dynapenia, we derived the construction of four groups: best behavior (absence of dynapenia and low SB), intermediate behavior (absence of dynapenia and high SB; presence of dynapenia and low SB) and worst behavior (presence of dynapenia and high SB). Mortality was assessed by the follow-up time until death and/or censorship. During the 5-year follow-up of the study, 55 participants progressed to death. In the adjusted models, the dynapenia and the time spent exposed to SB were analyzed in a combined way, the older adults with worse behavior (high SB and dynapenia) had higher risk ratios for mortality (hazard ratio 2.46; 95% confidence interval 1.01-5.97) than the best behavior group. Older adults with dynapenia are at greater risk for all-cause mortality, which is aggravated by the addition of longer exposure to SB., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 Chengdu Sport University. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.)

Objective: To examine the effects of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), in isolation and combination, on all-cause mortality in older adults., Methods: Prospective, population-based cohort study. The data were collected from first wave in 2015 and the follow-up continued until 2020. The sample consisted of 332 older adult people aged ≥ 60 years-old, out of which 59 died. The level of PA and SB was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The older adults were divided into PA categorized as sufficiently active and insufficiently active and into high and low SB. We built four combinations of PA and SB. Also, we used the Cox proportional hazards regression with a 95% confidence interval with hazard ratio estimate so as to verify the mortality risks between PA, SB, and the combinations of PA and SB., Results: Insufficiently active individuals had higher risks of mortality compared to sufficiently active people. We observed no associations between SB and mortality separately; however, when evaluated in a combined way, insufficiently active individuals and with a high SB time had a higher chance of mortality compared to active individuals with a low SB time., Conclusion: Our isolated analyses demonstrate that complying with PA recommendations reduces the risk of mortality; however, no association was found between the time of PA exposure with the time of SB. When analysing the combination, being physically inactive and with a long time of SB showed higher mortality rates, with SB being an enhancer of this risk. The results of this study show the interdependence of SB for PA performed at moderate to vigorous intensity. The understanding of this interrelation must be considered in the formulation of public health guidelines.

Background: The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of reallocating time spent engaging in sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity on the risk of mortality., Methods: In all, 332 older adult low-income and low-education populations participated in the study. At the end of the study, 273 of the participants were alive and 59 had died. Time spent undertaking moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and SB was assessed using the international physical activity questionnaire. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used., Results: The replacement of time spent engaging in SB with MVPA reduced the risk of mortality from all causes in the older adults, resulting in reductions in mortality risk of between 10% and 46%., Conclusion: A reduction in the risk of mortality in older adults was observed when time spent in SB was replaced with the same amount of time in MVPA for all times tested.

Disability is negatively associated with the health of older adults, and it can be mediated by healthy lifestyles and behaviors throughout one's life. In this context, understanding the interrelationships between sedentary behavior, physical activity and functionality may assist in the implementation of effective public health actions. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between both physical activity and sedentary behavior and functionality in older adults and the possible mediators. The variables analyzed were selected according to the content analysis of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model, and included activity, participation, health conditions, body functions and structures, environmental factors and personal factors. 419 individuals participated in the study. Physical activity was directly associated with disability in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and the association was mediated by self-esteem, aerobic endurance, and agility/balance. Sedentary behavior was indirectly associated with IADL disability, and the association was mediated by aerobic resistance, nutritional status, and agility/balance. Regarding the basic activities of daily living (BADL), physical activity showed an indirect association mediated by aerobic resistance and IADL. The association of sedentary behavior with BADL was mediated by aerobic resistance and lower limb flexibility. These results reinforce the idea that functionality is multidimensional, and the mediating factors must be considered when strategies for promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior are designed., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer among men, behind only non-melanoma skin cancer, and the main method of screening for PC is the prostate-specific antigen (PSA). To analyze the prevalence and the factors associated with high concentration of PSA in the elderly is essential to understand this outcome, and building strategies to decrease their rates of morbidity and mortality., Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study with 96 elderly men. A high level of PSA was defined by >4.0 ng/mL. In order to identify sociodemographic, health, functional and behavioral variables, which may be associated with high levels of PSA, we carried out a multivariate analysis using Poisson regression., Results: The prevalence of high levels of PSA was 21.9% ( n = 21). High levels of PSA was associated with years of study, race/ethnicity and family arrangement, health perception, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, metabolic diseases, alcohol consumption and sedentary behavior., Conclusions: The study found a high prevalence of high PSA concentrations in the elderly and several aspects are associated, which can be a worrying factor for their health, since PSA is an important marker of prostate cancer.

Background: The combined association of physical activity and sedentary behavior with adverse health factors is not yet clear in the literature. A combined analysis of physical activity level and sedentary behavior may provide evidence of the interrelation between these behavioral variables and the frailty syndrome. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between physical activity level, sedentary behavior and frailty in older adults., Methods: In this study, we evaluated 457 older adults (age range = 60 to 96 years old) from the Longitudinal Study of the Elderly Health of Alcobaça, Bahia. The frailty condition was defined by the presence of three or more of the following criteria: unintentional weight loss, slow walking speed measured over a 4.57 m test, a reduction of manual grip strength and exhaustion. Based upon these criteria, participants were classified as non-frail or frail. Physical activity level and time spent in sedentary behavior were assessed with the International Questionnaire of Physical Activity. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample. To examine the combined association of physical activity and sedentary behavior with frailty, chi-square and Poisson regression tests were used. Statistical significance was defined as p ≤ 0.05., Results: The prevalence of frailty was 8.8% (n = 40), with higher prevalence observed with increasing age. Low physical activity level combined with excessive time spent in sedentary behavior (physical activity level < 150 min/wk. and sedentary behavior ≥540 min/day) was associated with frailty, resulting in a prevalence ratio of 2.83 (95% CI, 1.23 to 6.52)., Conclusion: Frailty is more prevalent among older adults who exhibit insufficient levels of physical activity combined with a great amount of time spent in sedentary behavior, even when adjusted for sociodemographic factors.

The purpose of the study was to examine the minimum number of monitoring days for reliably estimating physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) from accelerometer data in older adults. Forty-two older adults from a local senior centre participated in this study. Participants wore an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT on the right hip for 7 consecutive days. Accelerometer data were downloaded to a computer and converted to activity count data in 60s epochs. Time spent in SB and different PA intensity categories were estimated with commonly used activity count cut-points. Participants with at least 7 valid days of monitoring (≥10 h . day -1 ) were included in the analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for determining single-day monitoring reliability. The Spearman-Brown prophecy formula was used to estimate the minimum number of monitoring days required for achieving an ICC of 0.80. Single-day ICC values for time spent in SB and PA intensity categories ranged from 0.45 to 0.61. Minimum number of monitoring days required for achieving an ICC of 0.80 ranged from 2.5 to 4.9 days. In this study, a minimum of 5 consecutive days of monitoring was required for reliably estimating SB and PA from accelerometer data in older adults.

This paper aims to analyse whether time spent in sedentary behaviour was a discriminant criterion for frailty in older adults. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a sample of 457 elderly individuals aged &ge;60 years. Frailty was defined as the presence of three or more of the following criteria: Unintentional weight loss, low walking speed at a 4.57 m course, reduced manual grip strength, exhaustion and insufficient physical activity level. Participants were classified into two groups: Non-frail or frail. Exposure to sedentary behaviour was assessed by the time spent sitting during a typical week, according to the adapted version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Descriptive (mean, frequency) and inferential statistics (Poisson regression, Pearson&rsquo;s Chi-square, Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve) were used to analyse the data, comparing them to the time-related areas exposed to sedentary behaviour by gender and the presence of fragility. The prevalence of frailty was 22.1% ( n = 101). The most accurate cut-off points of sitting time for predicting frailty were >495 min/day (men) or >536 min/day (women). Time spent in sedentary behaviour can be used to indicate fragility in the elderly of both sexes.

Background: Sedentary behavior has gained prominence in the literature as a risk factor for health and mortality independent of physical activity level; however, little is known about the relationship of sedentary behavior with frailty in older adults. The aim of this study was to investigate if time spent sitting can be used as a discriminator of frailty in older hospitalized persons. Methods: The study included 162 hospitalized inpatients aged ≥60 years. Blood samples were taken for analyzing leukocyte counts and serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP). Participants also answered a questionnaire about time spent sitting. Frailty was determined from a combination of CRP concentration and leukocyte count. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to analyse the predictive power and cut-points for time spent sitting and the presence of frailty. Results: The areas under the ROC curves indicated that time spent sitting was an independent indicator of frailty (area under curve >0.6). The cut-off points for time spent sitting as an indicator of frailty were >257 min/day for men and >330 min/day for women. Conclusions: Time spent sitting is associated with biomarkers of frailty in persons aged ≥60 years, indicating a need for interventions aimed at reducing sedentary behavior in this age group.

The aim of this study was to analyze the association of combined physical activity (PA)/sedentary behaviour (SB) with depressive symptoms (DS) in older adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 622 individuals ≥ 60 years old. After adjusting for gender, years of study, and monthly household income, prevalence ratios for presence of DS were statistically significant for older adults with <150 min/week in PA and ≥75th percentile of SB on weekdays (PR = 2.11,95%CI: 1.54-2.90) and on weekends (PR = 2.20,95%CI:1.57-3.09). Older adults who do not meet the PA guidelines and spend more time in SB on weekdays or weekend days are more likely to present with DS compared to those who meet the recommendations of PA and spend less time in SB during the day.

The aim of this study was to examine the association of physical activity with depression and cognition deficit, separately and combined, in Brazilian older adults. We analyzed data from 622 older adults. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale, while cognitive deficit was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to assess associations of depression and cognitive deficit with sociodemographic, health, and behavioral variables. Prevalence of physical inactivity (< 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity/ week), depression, and cognitive deficit were 35.7%, 37.4%, and 16.7%. Physical inactivity was associated with depression (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.14-2.94) and with depression and cognitive deficit combined (OR: 4.23, 95% CI: 2.01-8.91). Physically inactive participants were also more likely to present limitations in orientation and language functions. Physical inactivity was associated with depression and also with depression and cognitive deficit combined in older adults.

The aim of this study was to examine the sociodemographic, health and behavioural characteristics related to non-participation of elderly people in activities offered by the program PROETI Health of Uberaba, Minas Gerais state. Observational study, case-control design with pairing 1:1 and sample composed of 220 elderly 60-80 years. Binary Logistic Regression was used to identify the sociodemographic, health and behavioral factors associated with non-engagement of non-users to the program. After hierarchical analysis, the non-engagement of the elderly in the program activities was associated with depressive symptoms, insufficient physical activity in the domain of leisure and reduced self-efficacy for performing moderate or vigorous physical activity. The characteristics identified in this study should receive priority attention in the formulation of community programs targeted at promoting physical activity for elderly people.

Objective: To analyze physical activity in different domains (work, transportation, housework, and leisure) as a predictor of the absence of frailty., Methods: An epidemiological cross-sectional study with a random sample of 622 individuals aged > 60 years was carried out in Uberaba, MG, Brazil. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated and compared with physical activity in different domains and the absence of frailty. Cutoffs points of physical activity (minutes/week) were established to predict the absence of frailty. A confidence interval of 95% was established in order to find the largest areas under the ROC curves for work, transportation, household, and leisure. The total physical activity and its domains were assessed by the international physical activity questionnaire. The index of frailty (unintentional weight loss, functional limitation to chair rise, handgrip strength, physical activity, and exhaustion) was based on the study by Fried; the participants were dichotomously classified as not frail and frail., Results: The prevalence of frailty was 19.7% (men) and 20% (women). Physical activity of moderate or vigorous intensity accumulated in different domains for 145 minutes/week for women and 140 minutes/week for men or 85 minutes/week for women and 112.5 minutes/week for men for activities in the leisure domain showed the best cutoff to predict the absence of frailty., Conclusion: The practice of physical activity, especially in leisure time or accumulated in different domains, contributes to the prevention of frailty in the elderly.

Objective: To analyze the factors associated with negative health perception in older Brazilians., Methods: Population study of a cross-sectional sample, conducted in 2009 in three cities of Brazil. The stratified simple random sample consisted of 909 adults between 60 and 91 years of age. A gross and multivariate analysis by estimated prevalence rate (PR) using Poisson regression with calculation of adjusted prevalence ratios, p < 0.05 was performed to identify factors associated with negative perception of health (NPH)., Results: The prevalence of NPH was 49.6%. After the multivariate association, a certain association for men with older age PR = 1.03 (Cl = 1.01 to 1.06), risk of malnutrition PR = 1.66 (CI = 1.13 to 2.43) and disability PR = 1.79 (CI = 1.21 to 1.77) was observed. For women, the association was with taking more than two medications PR = 1.41 (CI = 1.13 to 2.52), hypertension PR = 1.52 (CI = 1.43 to 1.97) and functional disability PR = 1.36 (CI = 1.13 to 1.86)., Conclusions: Nearly half of the elderly have NHP, therefore preventive actions that decrease drug use and encourage behaviors toward better nutritional conditions should be tied to public policies in order to promote the functional independence and well-being of the elderly.

To analyze the time spent on physical activity in female and male individuals as a predictor of the absence of functional disability in older adults, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 624 individuals. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves (ROC) were constructed and compared to areas of physical activity by gender and the absence of functional disability. We identified cutoffs of physical activity (minutes / week) to predict the absence of functional disability (CI 95%). It was found that there is a higher area under the ROC curve for the time spent on physical activities in females. It was observed that 280 minutes / week (women) or 410 minutes / week (men) were the best cutoff points for predicting the absence of functional disability. Time spent on physical activity practices can serve as an important indicator to sort priority groups for certain interventions.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and assessment strategies of Biological Fragility Syndrome in the Elderly., Methods: For the development of this study was it was done a search in electronic databases (Medline/PubMed) and the reference lists of articles identified using the following key words/terms in English: "frailty" and `frail" in conjunction with the terms "elderly", "aging" and "prevalence". These terms/descriptors were combined using the logical operators available in search engines. The initial electronic search resulted in 1 865 manuscripts. The process of analysis of the studies involved reading titles, abstracts and full texts. After all these phases, 35 manuscripts met the inclusion criteria of the review., Results: The results indicated that women, with rage from 7.3 % to 21.6 %, are frailer than men, with percentages ranging from 4 % to 19.2 %., Conclusions: Differences in prevalence rates of prefrailty and frailty should be minimized, with stimulus for standardization for the evaluation of human frailty.

This paper aims to investigate the association between perceived body image and nutritional status in elderly women. The methodology used was a cross-sectional cohort study of a sample of 265 elderly women aged 60 to 96 and selected by randomized proportional stratification by groups of convenience in the town of Jequié, Bahia, Brazil. Each subject was interviewed in order to obtain information on sociodemographic characteristics (age, marital status, educational level and economic class) and perceived body image (on a nine-silhouette scale) and their body mass and height were measured in order to calculate their Body Mass Index as a parameter of nutritional status. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics, measures of association and non-parametric analysis. A total of 43.8% of the elderly women interviewed were well-nourished, 3.4% were underweight and 52.8% were overweight. With reference to perceived body image, 54% of the women were unsatisfied, primarily due to excess body mass (35.1%), and this was associated with nutritional status, in that increases in BMI raised the percentage of unsatisfied women. The elderly from Bahia were unsatisfied with their body images, and this dissatisfaction was associated with the prevalence of obesity.

Objective: Identifying factors associated with physical inactivity amongst elderly women living in low-income communities., Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving a representative sample of 265 women aged 60 or more; all were members of shared-experience groups and residents from the municipality's urban part. Interviews were held containing questions regarding socio-demographic data, physical and mental health and variables related to body image. Individuals' habitual levels of physical activity represented the dependent variable being investigated, determined using the International Physical Activities Questionnaire (adapted for elderly people). Statistical analysis was carried out using a p<0.05 significance level; respective odds ratios were calculated in binary logistical regression for hierarchical cluster analysis., Results: A 35.5% prevalence of women classified as being insufficiently active was found; hierarchical multivariate analysis revealed significant associations with being aged 80 or more (6.3 OR; 1.56-7.18 95%CI), moderate to severe dependency when carrying out instrumental daily activities (3.5 OR; 1.40-8.90 95%CI) and dissatisfaction with excess body weight (1.8 OR;1.01-3.46 95%CI)., Conclusions: Of the variables analysed here, being aged 80 or more, moderate to severe functional limitations regarding instrumental daily activities and dissatisfaction with body weight were most associated with physical inactivity, even when controlled for the other variables being studied.