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Anacardic acid (AA) is a phenolic lipid extracted from cashew nutshell liquid that has antitumor activity. Given the high hydrophobicity of this compound and aiming to create efficient vehicle for its administration in aqueous systems, the objective of the present work was to develop a microcapsule (MCAA) by spray dryer technique, based on the polysaccharide sodium hyaluronate (SH), containing AA as its core, encapsulated from nanoemulsion. The Encapsulation Efficiency of MCAA presented a value equal to 95.06 ± 1.22 %. In vitro release kinetic study showed a pH-responsive release, with greater release of AA from MCAA at pH 6.8 and 7.4 and almost none at pH 4.5, which prevents its delivery to the cellular lysosome. Tests on zebrafish did not show acute toxicity within 96 h or change in locomotor activity. The IC 50 determined in the MTT assay for the formulation presented values of 30.1 and 29.8 μg mL -1 in HCT-116 and HL-60 cells, respectively, and did not present a detectable IC 50 in the concentration range tested for non-tumoral L-929 cells. Thus, encapsulation with sodium hyaluronate polysaccharide allowed a reduced toxicity in these cells compared to non-encapsulated AA (IC 50  = 0.70 μg mL -1 , in L-929), maintaining the inhibition of cancer cell growth. These results suggest adverse effects reduction, making MCAA promising for future applications in antineoplastic therapies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A new sesquiterpene, 8,11-epoxy-cadi-3,9-diene ( 1 ), along with nine known compounds ( 2 - 10 ), were isolated from the heartwood of Cordia trichotoma . Their structures were elucidated based on NMR spectroscopic data, and by comparison with data previously reported in literature. The hexane extract from the heartwood of C. trichotoma , the EtOH extract from the heartwood of C. trichotoma , the CH 2 Cl 2 -soluble fraction of the EtOH extract, the EtOAc-soluble fraction of the EtOH extract and the compounds 1 - 6 have been evaluated as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and among these, the extracts and fractions exhibited satisfactory results. In addition, compounds 5 , 7 , and 8 have not been reported previously from this genus.

We used confocal microscopy and spectrofluorescence to characterize the emission spectra in hop flowers, to follow the isomerization processes in different hop preparations, and beers, to compare with HPLC extracted samples. Flowers of different hop cultivars produced in three regions of Brazil, were quantitated by HPLC and GC-MS. The fluorescence spectra showed two characteristic emission bands evaluated from different preparations. The isomerization process leads to a gradual decrease in fluorescence intensity as the reaction progresses. This demonstrates the valuable use of confocal microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy for analysis of the correlation between bitter acid indices with fluorescence intensity and lifetime microscopy. Such techniques can be used directly in the flowers allowing rapid monitoring of the brewing process. Twenty-nine substances were characterized in the essential oils and some cultivars presented quantities of bitter acids and essential oil levels close to those expected for plants after more than three years of cultivation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Samuel pedro dantas marques reports financial support was provided by Foundation for Scientific and Technological Development and Support of Ceará. Samuel pedro dantas marques reports a relationship with Foundation for Scientific and Technological Development and Support of Ceará that includes: funding grants. Samuel pedro dantas marques reports a relationship with National Council for Scientific and Technological Development that includes: funding grants. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of using calcium anacardate (CaA) as a source of anacardic acid and its association with citric acid (CA) in diets for breeding quails on the performance, the egg quality, incubation parameters, and progeny performance. Were used 540 quails European quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) that were 21 weeks old, housed in laying cages based on a completely randomized design, with nine treatments and six replications of 10 quails per parcel, with each experimental unit having eight females and two males. The following additions to the diet were evaluated: 1, no addition (control diet); 2, 0.25% CaA; 3, 0.25% CaA and 0.25% CA; 4, 0.50% CaA; 5, 0.50% CaA and 0.25% CA; 6, 0.50% CaA and 0.50% CA; 7, 0.75% CaA; 8, 0.75% CaA and 0.25% CA; and 9, 0.75% CaA and 0.50% CA. The treatments had no significant effects on the performance of the breeding quails, incubation parameters, and progeny performance. For egg quality, there was only an effect on yolk lipid oxidation, which was lower for eggs from quails fed the diets containing 0.50% CaA and 0.25% CA, 0.50% CaA and 0.50% CA, or 0.75% CaA alone, when compared with the control group. Considering that including CaA with or without CA in diets for breeding quails only affected yolk lipid oxidation, it can be recommend including 0.50% CaA and 0.25% CA or 0.75% CaA alone to mitigate oxidative damage in the yolk of fertile eggs., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

The Senna genus has a wide diversity of species, with an interesting chemical composition of secondary metabolites and applications as medicine. The folk medicine, mainly in developing countries, uses species of Senna to treat seizures, epilepsy and constipation. Though the recognized bioactivity, some Brazilian native species of Senna remain unexplored, such as Senna cearensis , a native species of Caatinga. This is the first report about the bioactivity of the flowers of S. cearensis Afr. Fern., a native species of northeast Brazil. In this communication, flavonoids and catechins are identified in S. cearensis flowers and the chemical composition is linked with its antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and cytotoxic activities. By UPLC-QTOF, some compounds that belong to the class of flavonoids were identified. They are: catechin, epigallocatechin, guibourtinidol-(4α-8)-catechin, and cassiaflavan-(Cat)-epicatechin. The cytotoxic activity is more noticeable for the HL60 (leukemia) cell line with a cell growth inhibition (GI%) of 81.65 ± 5.65.

The present study focused on investigating the antioxidant, antiglycation activity, digestive enzymes inhibition, bioaccessibility and hypoglycemic effect of C. arabica leaves extracts. The extracts deactivated the O 2 • - , ROO•, H 2 O 2 , HOCl reactive oxygen species. Coffee leaves showed strong inhibition of α-glucosidase (IC 50 = 40.30 μg mL -1 ) greater than the isolated metabolites and acarbose. There was also inhibition of pancreatic lipase (IC 50 = 56.43 μg mL -1 ) in addition to a hypoglycemic effect in zebrafish similar to acarbose and metformin. With the exception of rutin, all biocompounds were detected at all stages of in vitro digestion. Finally, these results suggest that C. arabica leaf extracts possess antidiabetic and anti-obesity properties that can be attributed to the main metabolites and the synergistic action between them.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of cardanol in the diet of quails on productive performance, egg quality, reproductive performance, and progeny performance. A total of three hundred European quail breeders of 32 weeks of age, with average body weights of 305.98 g, were housed in laying cages in groups (4 females and 1 male), following a distribution in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 6 replications of 10 quails, being the experimental unit constituted by the set of two cages. The treatments consisted of diets with 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00% of cardanol. There was reduction in the performance of the quail with the inclusion of 1.00% of cardanol in the diet when compared to the control treatment, while egg weight and egg mass were lower in the treatments with 0.75 and 1.00% of cardanol, respectively. It was observed that there was decrease in the specific gravity, and increase in color and TBARS value of the yolk in all treatments with cardanol. The inclusion of 0.50% of cardanol decreased the percentage of albumen, and increased the percentage of yolk, while the shell thickness decreased with 0.75%. The weight of the incubated eggs and the chick weight at hatching were lower in the treatments with 0.75 and 1.00% of cardanol. In the evaluation of the progeny performance, it was found that the weight at 7 days of age of chicks from breeders fed the diet containing 1.00% of cardanol was decreased when compared to the chicks from breeders fed the control diet. It was concluded that the inclusion of cardanol did not present benefits to the quail breeders., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

We hypothesised that QuEChERS could be successfully applied to the extraction of bitter acids and xanthohumol from hops, which would be less time consuming, cheaper, and more eco-friendly by the severe reduction of solvent use. High performance liquid chromatography was used to separate the compounds after extraction and quantitation was evaluated against standard calibration curves for bitter acids prepared from an International calibration extract (ICE-4) and an authentic standard of xanthohumol. The standard QuEChERS method was compared to mini and micro-versions including clean-up and spiking procedures. The quantitative analyzes indicate the applicability of the QuEChERS method for the quantitation of bitter acids compared to Soxhlet extraction. The statistical data confirm reproducibility of the total alpha- and beta- acids measured by the standard method and the modified mini- and micro-QuEChERS procedures. Our hypothesis is supported by the data described and is consistent with other previous methods described in the literature., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

In this study, we investigated the phenolic and antioxidant content, cytotoxic, and anticholinesterase activities of flower extracts of Senna spectabilis var. excelsa and Senna macranthera . The antioxidant activities performed by the DPPH and ABTS methods showed that the extracts possess good antioxidant activity, with emphasis on the S. macranthera extract, which obtained results very similar to the rutin pattern. In the evaluation of the cytotoxic activity, the species S. spectabilis var. excelsa presented expressive cytotoxicity against the cellular lines PC3 and HL60 with IC 50 values 21.08 and 31.37 μg mL -1 , respectively. The results of anticholinesterase activity showed that both the plants induced enzyme inhibition, reaching 14 mm of inhibition in the case of S. spectabilis var. excelsa . The good results obtained in this work may be related to the presence of compounds such as apigenin-7-apioglucoside, quercetin 3,4'-diglucoside, cassine and spectaline identified in the extracts in our previous work.

Phytochemical investigation of the stems of B. pulchella led to the isolation of the known compounds identified as a mixture of taraxerone ( 1 ) and β - amirenone ( 2 ), a mixture of sitosterol ( 3 ) and stigmasterol ( 4 ), 2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybibenzyl ( 5 ), 3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl-chroman-7-ol ( 6 ), fisetinidol ( 7 ), epicatechin ( 8 ), guibourtinidol ( 9 ), vanillic acid ( 10 ), 6' -O -vanilloylisotachioside ( 11 ) and 6'- O -syringoylisotachioside ( 12 ). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of their NMR spectroscopic data. The antioxidant activity of compound 7 has been investigated using DPPH° and ABTS° + assays and the results showed inhibition in the both models. The compounds 6 , 7 and 9 showed strong alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities, being more active than acarbose, the positive control. In addition, all the compounds were isolated from B. pulchella for the first time, and among them, compounds 11 and 12 have not been reported previously from this genus.

Two steroids ( 1 and 2 ), two oxepin derivatives ( 3 and 4 ) and seven flavonoids ( 5 - 11 ) were isolated from the stems of Bauhinia pentandra . Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectroscopic data, and by comparison with data previously reported in the literature. The ethanol extract from the stems of B. pentandra and the compounds, 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 and 11 have been evaluated as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and among these, the compound 5 exhibited the strongest activity. In addition, all the isolated compounds are reported for the first time as constituents of B. pentandra .

Synthetic antioxidants (e.g.butylhydroxytoluene, BHT) are routinely used for to restrict oxidative processes of meat products, but they are implicated as harmful to the health of humans. Therefore natural alternatives, such as plant antioxidants, have been sought as replacements. Plant antioxidants when added to the diet can be incorporated into meat and reduce the need for the addition of synthetic antioxidants during processing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ethanol extracts of mango seeds (EEMS) in the diet of pigs on qualitative parameters and total antioxidant capacity of mortadella produced from these animals. Thirty-two pigs with an average 60 days of age were distributed among four treatments: control=no antioxidant; BHT=200ppm BHT; EEMS200=200ppm of EEMS and EEMS400=400ppm of EEMS. At 145 days of age the animals were slaughtered and loin was removed for the preparation of mortadella, which was analyzed during 90 days of storage at 4°C. A higher content of polyphenolic compounds and, total antioxidant capacity in mortadellas processed with meat of animals which consumed the EEMS400 ration after 60 and 90 days of storage was observed. EEMS polyphenolic antioxidants incorporated into pork through the diet results in an increase of total antioxidant capacity in the processed product.

Ethanol extract of mango seeds (EEMS) are composed of several polyphenolic compounds with considerable in vitro antioxidant activity that can be used in pig feed and may contribute positively to meat quality characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of EEMS as a source of antioxidants in growing-finishing pig diets on meat quality, lipid stability, sulfhydryl groups non-proteinaceous (SG-NP), total phenolic compounds, total antioxidant potential and total antioxidant activity of meat after 1 and 7 days of refrigeration storage. Thirty-two (60-day-old) barrows, weighing 20.20 ± 1.34 kg, were used in a randomized block design consisting of eight animals with four treatment regimens. Treatments consisted of: Control = no dietary antioxidant; butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) = diet with 200 ppm BHT; EEMS200 = diet with 200 ppm EEMS; EEMS400 = diet with 400 ppm EEMS. At 145 days of age and average weight of 95.47 ± 6.19 kg, the animals were slaughtered and loin samples were collected and frozen before for qualitative analysis and evaluation of the effect of subsequent storage for 1 or 7 days at 8 °C on lipid stability, SG-NP, phenolic compounds, total antioxidant capacity and total antioxidant activity Meat from animals fed EEMS400 diet showed lower cooking loss (P < 0.0001) and higher non-protein sulfhydryl groups, phenolic compounds and total antioxidant activity at both 1 and 7 days of storage (P < 0.0001) compared to the other treatments. Greater antioxidant capacity was observed at 1 day storage in the meat of animals that consumed EEMS regardless of concentration when compared to the control group (P < 0.01). The dietary inclusion of EEMS to pig diets is more effective at 400 ppm in improving meat quality after cooking and antioxidant parameters of pork., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is an important commodity, involving about 500 million people from the cultivation of the coffee trees to final consumption of infusions of the ground roasted coffee beans. In contrast to a considerable amount of research performed on green coffee beans, there are relatively few studies regarding the chemical constituents of coffee leaves. Hemileia vastatrix is a parasite, specific to coffee plants and causes coffee leaf rust, which is a very destructive disease. Some coffee plants have natural resistance which is mainly linked to a gene and specific host resistance response. An increase in flavonoid production may be related to fungal disease resistance, with the levels and flavonoid types being an early physiological response to rust infection. Trace inorganic elements can be related to many roles in the defense response of higher plants and can be used as a biomarker for some diseases. To address this, coffee leaves from 16 different cultivars of Coffea arabica were harvested from Minas Gerais, Brazil (susceptible and resistant to rust) and their polyphenolic compounds were extracted using the QuEChERS technique and quantitated by HPLC-ESI-MS. The same leaves were decomposed using an acid mixture in a block digester and the content of Al, Cu, Mg, Mn, Ni, Sn and Zn was quantitated by ICP-OES. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied and we could establish a relation between polyphenolic and trace element concentration in the leaves with resistance to rust infection. On this basis in this preliminary study we were able to separate the resistant from the susceptible cultivars. The main compounds responsible for this differentiation were the content of chlorogenic acid and magnesium in the leaves. The content of polyphenolic compounds was lower in susceptible cultivars and a diametric effect was observed between Mn and Mg concentrations. This study shows potential for the discrimination of resistant and susceptible coffee trees based on the analyses of both trace element and polyphenolic concentration., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Anacardic acid, a phenolic compound, represents 90% of cashew nut shell liquid, which is a byproduct from the industrial processing of cashew nuts. This study aimed to add calcium anacardate (CA) to broilers' diets as a source of anacardic acid, to evaluate its antioxidant effect in breast meat and in processed meat products (sausages). For this purpose, birds were fed according to the following treatments: diet without antioxidant and diets containing 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, or 10.0 g kg -1 CA. Chicken breast meat was stored frozen for 90 days. The thigh and drumsticks were used to produce chicken sausages that were kept in refrigerated conditions for 90 days. Lipid oxidation and color stability were assessed every 30 days., Results: For breast meat, a 2.5 g kg -1 concentration of CA was insufficient to retard lipid oxidation, whereas 10.0 g kg -1 gave rise to a pro-oxidant effect and 5.0 g kg -1 slowed the oxidation up to 50 days. A level of 7.5 g kg -1 of CA was effective in retarding oxidation, favoring colour stability during the 90-days frozen storage. For sausages, 2.5 g kg -1 of calcium anacardate in broiler diets was sufficient to retard lipid oxidation. Calcium anacardate 7.5 g kg -1 provided greater redness in the sausages compared with the control and with the other treatments containing 5.0 and 10.0 g kg -1 ., Conclusions: Calcium anacardate is a potential natural antioxidant for breast meat and sausages in storage when added to broilers' diets. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.)

The surface group characteristics of mango cultivar peels and seeds were evaluated by infrared spectra, PZC, and functional group composition. The adsorption/reduction of chromium (VI) in aqueous solutions was investigated by varying pH, contact time, initial Cr(VI) concentration, and adsorbent amount. The results show that both peel and seed powders of the mango cultivars showed significant adsorption/reduction capacity for Cr(VI) and that the desorption process obeys pseudo-second-order kinetics. Optimal adsorption occurred at pH 1.0, using a Cr(VI) concentration of 100 mg/L. On average, at pH 1.0, and a concentration of 3 g/L, the maximum adsorption/reduction capacity of Cr(VI) was 83% (peels 76%, seeds 90%). Of the mango powders tested, the most efficient were Tommy seed (100%) and Coite peel (98%) followed by Coite seed (96%) and Tommy peel powders (95%). The adsorption/reduction of Cr(VI) was complete (100%) by the mango seed, in comparison to the peel powders (97%) after 180 min. The data indicates that mango waste products, such as seed and peel powders, are both excellent candidates for the remediation of Cr(VI) from aqueous systems and due to the higher concentration of gallates and galloyl glucosides, the mango seed powders should be the powders of choice for future remediation projects.

There are relatively few studies concerning the use of coffee leaves for medicinal purposes and the composition of secondary plant substances. Therefore, we identified and quantitated polyphenolic compounds along with caffeine present in methanol extracts of Coffea arabica leaves from three different regions of Brazil (Ceará, Minas Gerais and São Paulo) by HPLC-ESI-MS. In addition, correlations between polyphenolic content of the coffee leaves and antioxidant assays DPPH, FRAP and ORAC were evaluated. Fifteen compounds belonging to three classes of polyphenols (xanthones, chlorogenic acids and flavonoids) along with the alkaloid caffeine were detected. The mean concentration of total polyphenolic compounds in the leaves of C. arabica, harvested from three different regions of Brazil was quite variable. The highest values were detected in the coffee leaves harvested in Minas Gerais (n = 4) at 40.80(13.00) g/kg (SD), followed by coffee leaves harvested in São Paulo (n = 20) at 24.79(20.19) g/kg, and the lowest in coffee leaves harvested in Ceará (n = 11) in the Northeast of Brazil at 10.30(5.61) g/kg. The three classes of polyphenols, all showed excellent correlations in the antioxidant assays. Coffee leaf tea, appears to be an excellent functional beverage, with its high content of polyphenolic compounds, which may render positive biologic effects, when inbibed as part of the normal human diet., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Anacardic acids (AAs) are alkyl phenols mainly presenting in cashew nuts. The antioxidant effects of these compounds have been an area of interest in recent research, with findings suggesting potential therapeutic use for certain diseases. Nevertheless, none of these studies were performed in order to test the hypothesis of whether anacardic acids are capable of preventing behavioral changes and oxidative stress induced by the pesticide rotenone in experimental model of Parkinson's disease. In our research, adult male rats were treated orally with AAs (1, 3, 10, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day) 1 h before rotenone (3 mg/kg; s.c.) for five consecutive days. The behavioral testing strategies, including tests for general locomotor activity (open field), motor coordination (rotarod), and spatial memory performance (elevated T-maze), were carried out. Lipoperoxidation levels and total superoxide dismutase (t-SOD) activity, as well as cytoplasmic and mitochondrial SOD gene expression, were assessed in the substantia nigra (SN), striatum, and cerebral cortex. The results showed that AAs dose-dependently prevented the rotenone-induced learning and motor impairment from 10 mg/kg/day. AAs also precluded rotenone-induced lipoperoxidation in all doses, acting directly on the mitochondria, and improved the t-SOD activity in the doses 25-100 mg/kg/day. AAs per se (100 mg/kg/day) increased SOD gene expression and t-SOD activity. Our findings indicate that the oral administration of AAs prevents rotenone-induced behavioral changes and oxidative stress, in part due to a modulatory action on the mitochondria and SOD gene expression. These data suggest that AAs have promising neuroprotective action against degenerative changes in Parkinson's disease.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding laying hens diets containing cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) as a source of anacardic acid on the blood biochemical parameters as well as the enzymatic activity and lipid peroxidation of liver and tissues of the reproductive system (ovary, magnum, and uterus). A total of 216 Hisex White commercial laying hens were distributed randomly into six treatments, with six replicates of six birds. Treatments consisted of a diet without growth promoter (GP); a diet with GP; and diets without GP, with addition of increasing levels of CNSL (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0%). Addition of CNSL to the diet did not affect the blood biochemical parameters (uric acid, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides), the enzymatic activity (superoxide dismutase and nonprotein sulphydryl groups) in the organs (liver, ovary, magnum and uterus) or the peroxidation of lipids from the blood serum, liver, magnum and uterus (p > 0.05). However, the addition of 0.75% and 1.00% CNSL provided a lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content in the birds' ovary (p < 0.001) compared to birds of other treatments, whereas the treatment without the GP provided a higher value. Addition of up to 1% of the CNSL as a source of anacardic acid in the laying hens' diets does not influence blood biochemical parameters or the endogenous enzymatic activity in the liver, ovary, magnum and uterus, but affects the lipid peroxidation in the ovary, although the problem is reduced from the inclusion of 0.75% CNSL., (© 2017 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.)

An analytical method using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) procedure for multi-residue determination of 52 pesticides in coffee leaf extractshas been developed and validated according to SANTE/11945/2015 guidelines. Different sorbent combinations for dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) clean-up as well as dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) were tested. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for the recovery of 87-94% of pesticides added to coffee leaf extracts,was ≤20% for samples spiked at concentrations up to 50ng*g -1 depending on the clean-up procedures. However, samples spiked with a 100ng*g -1 pesticide mixture gave RSDs>20% for most pesticides when d-SPE was carried out adding Supelclean ENVI-Carb 120/400. To explain this fact,the secondary metabolic profile was analyzed in all the extraction and clean-up procedures. Only in the clean-up procedure with the addition of Supel QuE Z-Sep+, does caffeine show a constant adsorption between blank and spiked samples. In other clean-up procedures, the amount of caffeine was higher in those samples spiked with pesticides. This indicates competition between caffeine and pesticides for adsorption to the sorbent. Addition of Supel QuE Z-Sep+ to the procedure revealed only a 32% matrix effect, whereas using PSA+ C18 the matrix effect was close to 97%. The process efficiency is up to 54% with the addition of Supel QuE Z-Sep+ and just up to 7% for the other clean-up procedures. The method was successfully tested in coffee leaves from different types of cultivars. Pesticides were not detected in organic coffee leaf extracts, but thiametoxan was clearly detected in 50% of coffee leaf extracts harvested from coffee trees grown under traditional conditions as determined by UHPLC-TOFMSLC/QqTOF-MS/MS., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)