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Con la reforma del Código Civil del año 1983 en materia de tutela, se hace posible que determinadas entidades jurídicas puedan ser tutoras de personas que hayan sido incapacitadas judicialmente. Se trata de resolver de esta forma la dificultad de encontrar un tutor adecuado para las personas con discapacidad intelectual, incapaces de gobernarse a sí mismas y que estén en situación de desampara familiar o que teniendo una familia, no fuera esta la idónea para asumir su representación. Se justifica y reconoce la necesidad, como recurso al alcance de las familias de las personas con discapacidad intelectual y de la sociedad en general el Servicio Tutelar, por lo que se ha incorporado en la Cartera de Servicios. Tras más de diez años de andadura de la AEFT, se ha visto realizar un estudio en profundidad para analizar las Fundaciones Tutelares, los tutelados que se representan (patologías asociadas, edades, lugar de residencia...), los voluntarios denominados Delegados Tutelares (perfil, crecimiento, antigüedad...) y por último se hace referencia a los servicios de información y pretutela.

Éste es un pequeño repaso de la geografía de las tutelas de personas con discapacidad intelectual. Los datos que se muestran han sido recabados mediante encuesta telefónica. En el gráfico aparecen apartados que se consideran importantes como la sede, año de creación, las personas a las que están dirigidas estas fundaciones, la existencia de juzgados especializados, fiscalías especializadas, equipo psicosocial, relaciones existentes entre las fundaciones de la misma comunidad autónoma. En el caso de la comunidad autónoma de Catalunya, el artículo se detiene en la descripción de diversos aspectos de las Fundaciones, dado que es una comunidad donde se han desarrollado con más fuerza disposiciones y regulaciones específicas y ha intervenido más el gobierno catalán en el mapa tutelar, sin que se haya constituido una Entidad pública de tutela como el resto de Comunidades Autónomas.

Los resultados de este proyecto piloto en Cataluña evidencian la viabilidad de la asistencia como nueva medida de protección legal alternativa a los procesos de incapacitación legal.

Although it is accepted that the mantle wedge above subduction zones is oxidized, the exact processes of relative oxidation are still controversial (e.g. Parkinson & Arculus, 1999). It is widely recognized that oxidized components are transferred to the overlying mantle wedge by fluid phases coming from the subducting slab (e.g. Parkinson & Arculus, 1999; Peslier et al., 2002; Malaspina et al., 2009; Rowe et al., 2009; Hirschmann, 2009); however, the study of the redox reactions occurring at the interface between the subducting slab and the mantle wedge, is often hampered by the difficulties in accurately determining the oxidation state of phase assemblages involved in these redox reactions. In this contribution we report the results of a micro-XANES study on strongly-zoned garnet crystals from an eclogitic FeTi-oxide gabbro (Monviso meta-ophiolites, western Alps), aimed to the determination of the Fe3+/ΣFe variation across the crystals. The studied sample extraordinarily well preserves evidence of its prograde evolution during subduction down to a depth of ca. 80 km (Groppo & Castelli, 2010). Because in the studied garnet the Fe3+/ΣFe variations are small and occur on a micrometric scale, the challenge of this study was twofold: (i) the spatial resolution must be of the order of microns, and (ii) the spectral resolution must be as small as possible in order to appreciate the differences in the oxidation state of garnet. The results of the XANES spectra, acquired with a spatial resolution of 1.7 μm × 5.3 μm, show that the Fe3+/ΣFe ratio decreases from a maximum of 0.14 in the garnet core to a minimum of 0.00 in the garnet rim. These results are in excellent agreement with those previously obtained using the “flank method” at the electron microprobe. Comparing the results obtained with the two techniques, it can be concluded that micro-XANES can be successfully used to estimate Fe3+/ΣFe variations in natural garnets at a high spatial resolution (≤ 5 μm), provided that the differences in Fe3+/ΣFe are higher than ca. 5%. The “flank method” is the only method which has demonstrated, so far, to be sensitive to smaller variations (i.e. < 5%) of the Fe3+/ΣFe ratio in garnet, for ΣFe > 8 wt%. The measured Fe3+/ΣFe zoning in garnet, combined with the already estimated P-T conditions of its growth, provides qualitative information about the redox equilibria occurring during subduction of the studied FeTi-oxide metagabbro. Dehydration-redox equilibria involving the breakdown of lawsonite and chlorite (i.e. Qtz+Lws+Chlss+Omp1ss+Grt1ss=Grt2ss+Omp2ss+H2O+O2) are responsible for a significant chemical re-equilibration of garnet (and omphacite), resulting in a progressive decrease of its Fe3+/ΣFe ratio toward the rim and, consequently, in the release of oxygen. Dehydration-redox reactions of this type, occurring at least locally during subduction of the oceanic crust, may be likely involved in the oxidation of the mantle wedge. References Groppo C. & Castelli D. (2010). J. Petrol. 51, 2489-2514. Hirschmann M.M. (2009). Science 325, 545-546. Malaspina N., Poli S. & Fumagalli P. (2009). J. Petrol. 50, 1533-1552. Parkinson I.J. & Arculus R.J. (1999). Chem. Geol. 160, 409-423. Peslier A.H., Luhr J.F. & Post J. (2002). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 201, 69-86. Rowe M.C., Kent A.J.R. & Nielsen R.L. (2009). J. Petrol. 50, 61-91.

The variation of the Fe-redox state across a strongly zoned garnet crystal occurring in a FeTi-oxide metagabbro from a subduction setting has been investigated comparing micro-XANES and electron microprobe ("flank method") results. This sample represents an ideal monitor of the redox processes associated with devolatilization reactions occurring in the subducting slab and likely involved in the oxidation of the mantle wedge, as well as a challenge for the analytical methods. Since in the studied garnet the Fe 3+/ΣFe variations are small and occur on a micrometric scale, we exploited the X-ray microprobe available at the ESRF ID22 beamline to reach a spot size of 1.7 μm × 5.3 μm. Our study represents a first attempt to measure the Fe3+/ΣFe variations across a single crystal of garnet, ca. 400 μm in diameter, using the micro-XANES technique. The absolute Fe3+/ΣFe values obtained with micro-XANES and "flank method" are perfectly comparable, ranging from a maximum of about 0.1 in the garnet core to a minimum of 0.0 in the garnet rim. © 2012 The Royal Society of Chemistry.