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Background. The prevalence of obesity among children is increasing, which is a serious healthcare problem. In healthcare, the problem of motivation affects an important area that reflects its effectiveness – patient motivation for treatment. A decrease in treatment motivation reduces therapeutic effect, increases the complication rate of the underlying disease, reduces the quality of life of patients and increases treatment costs.The aim of the work. To identify the differences in treatment motivation in adolescent girls with obesity.Materials and methods. The pilot study was carried out at the clinic of the Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems. The study included 40 girls aged 14–16 years suffering from grade 1 obesity. To study treatment motivation, we used the following methods: J. Nuttin’s, D. McClelland’s, S.R. Panteleev’s, J.K. Collins’, method of the self-conception research, the “Type of Attitude Towards the Disease” method; attitude towards the disease.Results. The study showed that the adolescents who were admitted into hospital for the first time had higher treatment motivation during the study than the adolescents who were readmitted into hospital. The adolescents who were readmitted into hospital felt guilty remorse, anxious suspiciousness, and fear of failure. The dominant type of treatment motivation in both groups consisted of the following attitudes: achieving symptomatic improvement; receiving a “secondary gain” from the disease; other motivation (passive position).Conclusion. The obtained data from the study of treatment motivation in adolescent girls with obesity can be used to optimize the process of therapy of such patients in a hospital setting.

Abstract Purpose Treatment resistance is a significant challenge in addressing eating disorders (EDs). The Autonomous and Controlled Motivation for Treatment Questionnaire (ACMTQ) has been previously validated in ED populations to assess patients’ motivation for treatment. This study aimed to validate the ACMTQ in the Italian language (ACMTQ-ITA) and evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods We recruited a clinical sample of adults aged 18 or older, diagnosed with EDs, proficient in the Italian language, and providing written informed consent. Participants with psychiatric comorbidities such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and substance use disorder were excluded from the study. Validity of the ACMTQ-ITA was assessed using reliability analysis with Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s ω estimates, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Results Results from the reliability analysis confirmed the internal consistency of the Autonomous Motivation (AM) factor (α = 0.82, ω = 0.82), the Controlled Motivation (CM) factor (α = 0.76, ω = 0.77), and the ACMTQ-ITA overall score (α = 0.79). The CFA confirmed the two-factor solution (i.e., AM and CM) identified in the original validation of the ACMTQ (Comparative Fit Index = 0.92, Akaike Information Criterion = 3427.26, Bayesian Information Criterion = 3486.82; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.08, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.09). Conclusion The ACMTQ-ITA emerged as a valid and reliable tool for measuring motivation for treatment in individuals with EDs. Its implementation may facilitate the comprehension of treatment motivation, offering valuable clinical insights and implications for health management practices. Level of evidence: Level V, descriptive studies.

Motivation is an important factor for successful treatment. Unvoluntary treatment conditions forced by law influence motivation negatively. To optimise motivation in these settings, this study aimed to examine whether group climate (GC) is related to motivation and whether the fulfilment of the basic psychological needs (BPN) as described in the Self Determination Theory (SDT) might explain this relationship. Participants (n = 60) were inpatients from two forensic and one secured mental health-care unit. Participants completed questionnaires including GC, BPN, and motivation scales. Demographic information was collected in their personal files. Correlation analyses showed that there was more treatment motivation when participants perceived a chance to learn (GC 'growth'(r =.27, p <.05)) and perceived flexibility and fairness (GC 'repression' (r =.30, p <.05)). The results showed insufficient support for BPN as mediators. However, autonomy did correlate significantly with both growth (r =.50, p <.01) and repression (r =.27, p <.05), as well as motivation (r =.47, p <.01). These results imply that creating prospect, hope for the future, using fair rules and be autonomy-supportive are important factors to pay attention to in reaching optimal motivation in these difficult treatment settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Treatment resistance is a significant challenge in addressing eating disorders (EDs). The Autonomous and Controlled Motivation for Treatment Questionnaire (ACMTQ) has been previously validated in ED populations to assess patients' motivation for treatment. This study aimed to validate the ACMTQ in the Italian language (ACMTQ-ITA) and evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods: We recruited a clinical sample of adults aged 18 or older, diagnosed with EDs, proficient in the Italian language, and providing written informed consent. Participants with psychiatric comorbidities such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and substance use disorder were excluded from the study. Validity of the ACMTQ-ITA was assessed using reliability analysis with Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω estimates, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Results: Results from the reliability analysis confirmed the internal consistency of the Autonomous Motivation (AM) factor (α = 0.82, ω = 0.82), the Controlled Motivation (CM) factor (α = 0.76, ω = 0.77), and the ACMTQ-ITA overall score (α = 0.79). The CFA confirmed the two-factor solution (i.e., AM and CM) identified in the original validation of the ACMTQ (Comparative Fit Index = 0.92, Akaike Information Criterion = 3427.26, Bayesian Information Criterion = 3486.82; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.08, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.09). Conclusion: The ACMTQ-ITA emerged as a valid and reliable tool for measuring motivation for treatment in individuals with EDs. Its implementation may facilitate the comprehension of treatment motivation, offering valuable clinical insights and implications for health management practices. Level of evidence: Level V, descriptive studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of this research is to explore how the level of Mental Health Literacy influences the motivation for treatment among individuals dealing with alcohol or substance addiction. The study involved 128 subjects undergoing inpatient treatment at the Alcohol and Substance Abuse Treatment Center. To gather data, researchers utilized a Personal Information Form, Mental Health Literacy Scale, and Treatment Motivation (TM) survey. The scores obtained from the Treatment Motivation Questionnaire and Mental Health Literacy Scale were 94.21±12.2 and 108.03±11.7, respectively. The analysis revealed a statistically significant, albeit weak, positive correlation between the participants' Mental Health Literacy Scale-Knowledge of How to Seek Mental Health Information subscale mean score and both their total Treatment Motivation Questionnaire score and their Interpersonal Help-Seeking subscale mean scores (r=0.284). Conversely, a statistically significant weak negative correlation emerged between the participants' Mental Health Literacy Scale-Knowledge of Professional Help Available subscale mean score and their Treatment Motivation Questionnaire-Distrust in Treatment subscale mean score (r=−0.230). Conclusions drawn from the study indicate that a lack of knowledge regarding addiction and accessing professional assistance, coupled with concerns surrounding stigma, pose as significant barriers to motivation for seeking treatment.

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to examine for the first time the factorial, construct, and predictive validity of the motivation for treatment (MfT) scale in a cohort of patients undergoing inpatient-qualified alcohol withdrawal treatment with the goal of referring patients to further treatment. The MfT scale has previously been evaluated in different settings of substance abuse treatment, revealing factorial ambiguity. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first study that conducted comprehensive factor analyses versus separate analyses of the factors conducted in prior studies in order to clarify the aforementioned factorial ambiguity. Methods: A total of 249 patients (mean age 45.2 years (SD = 10.3); 34.4% females) with alcohol dependence were assessed. Data were obtained from four inpatient clinics specialized in qualified alcohol withdrawal treatment in Germany. First, confirmatory factor analyses were carried out to examine the fit of the four models discussed in the literature. Second, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted. Correlations of the new factors with other motivational constructs and referral to a subsequent treatment were investigated as measures of construct and predictive validity. Results: None of the four models showed an acceptable fit to the data in confirmatory analyses. The exploratory analysis suggested to eliminate seven items because of inappropriate factor loadings and resulted in a shortened MfT scale, which consists of three factors based on 17 items. For the latent variables "problem recognition," "desire for help," and "treatment readiness," satisfactory composite reliability was found with 0.82, 0.80, and 0.78, respectively. Evidence for predictive validity was found in the correlation between "treatment readiness" and referral to a subsequent treatment. Discussion/Conclusion: The new shortened MfT scale exhibited remarkable parsimony, which is desirable in settings such as withdrawal treatment, where patients frequently are cognitively or physically impaired. Despite its briefness, construct and predictive validity were better than in the original version of the MfT scale. The factorial validity of the suggested scale needs to be corroborated in further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted mental health around the world, notably among Filipinos. This global crisis prompted the evaluation of known protective elements that help safeguard mental health. This study analyzed the relationship between perceived social support and treatment motivation as mediated by adaptive coping. Methods: The participants were selected based on specific criteria and suitability for the study. Data collection utilized online forms of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Brief COPE, and Client Motivation for Therapy Scale. The reliability and validity of the measurements were confirmed for the chosen population. Mean scores were calculated for perceived social support, treatment motivation, and adaptive coping. The correlation between perceived social support and treatment motivation was examined. Mediation analysis, employing WarpPLS, was conducted to analyze the significance of direct, indirect, and total effects among the three variables in the mediation model. Results: The result showed a significant positive correlation between perceived social support and treatment motivation (rs=0.290, p

The primary objective of this research is to explore how the level of Mental Health Literacy influences the motivation for treatment among individuals dealing with alcohol or substance addiction. The study involved 128 subjects undergoing inpatient treatment at the Alcohol and Substance Abuse Treatment Center. To gather data, researchers utilized a Personal Information Form, Mental Health Literacy Scale, and Treatment Motivation (TM) survey. The scores obtained from the Treatment Motivation Questionnaire and Mental Health Literacy Scale were 94.21±12.2 and 108.03±11.7, respectively. The analysis revealed a statistically significant, albeit weak, positive correlation between the participants' Mental Health Literacy Scale-Knowledge of How to Seek Mental Health Information subscale mean score and both their total Treatment Motivation Questionnaire score and their Interpersonal Help-Seeking subscale mean scores (r=0.284). Conversely, a statistically significant weak negative correlation emerged between the participants' Mental Health Literacy Scale-Knowledge of Professional Help Available subscale mean score and their Treatment Motivation Questionnaire-Distrust in Treatment subscale mean score (r=−0.230). Conclusions drawn from the study indicate that a lack of knowledge regarding addiction and accessing professional assistance, coupled with concerns surrounding stigma, pose as significant barriers to motivation for seeking treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of regular exercise on depressive anxiety symptoms, treatment motivation and mindfulness levels in individuals who are alcohol or substance dependent. The study had two arms and was randomized controlled: (A) Patients assigned to standard medical treatment, (B) Patients who receive standard treatment are also given access to supervised group exercise. Patients in the exercise group were given exercise for 3 weeks. Hamilton Anxiety (HAM-A), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), Treatment Motivation Scale (TMQ) and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) were administered to the patients at the beginning and end of the treatment. There was a decrease in HAM-A, HAM-D scores, an increase in TMQ and MAAS scores, and improvement after treatment in both groups. However, there was a significant change in HAM-A, HAM-D and TMQ scores in the group that added exercise to their treatment compared to the group that received only standard therapy. There was no significant difference in MAAS scores. It was discovered as a result that including exercise in addiction therapy could enhance the therapeutic response. Longer-term studies with greater sample sizes must be planned and carried out to produce more trustworthy results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: An upcoming offender rehabilitation model, the Good Lives Model (GLM), proposes that effective offender rehabilitation should adopt a dual focus: reducing recidivism risk as well as enhancing the offender’s well-being. To achieve this, the GLM suggests rehabilitation should include the prosocial fulfilment of a universal set of human needs termed “primary goods.” A focus on primary goods attainment and well-being is hypothesized to improve treatment motivation and achieve more sustainable desistance from future offending. Although this model sounds promising, empirical evidence for these assumptions is limited, especially among youth. Methods: Twenty Flemish and Dutch detained adolescent boys (14 to 17 years old at the time of their arrest) were interviewed during their detention using a semi-structured interview. They were asked about their well-being, needs and goals during rehabilitation, their treatment motivation, and their views on recidivism and rehabilitation. Results: The results show that a match between the boys’ well-being needs, and the treatment goals set in collaboration with the institution could improve treatment motivation and rehabilitation efforts. The boys also mentioned other factors with a positive impact on their treatment motivation: increased levels of freedom and autonomy; having a future (prosocial) perspective; investing in a therapeutic alliance; and, working on individual factors (i.e., improving coping skills, school or work skills, and relationships with prosocial friends and family). Discussion: These factors closely align with working on the GLM primary goods of “excellence in work and play,” “excellence in agency,” and “relatedness,” which can be helpful in enhancing well-being and treatment motivation in offender rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The dropout rate from the treatment of patients with substance use disorders (SUD) negatively affects overall treatment outcomes. Little is known about the specific role of various psychiatric and psychosocial factors in the individual patients. Limited data is available in regards to mindset and addiction treatment, giving the opportunity of testing such interventions in the future. AIM: To identify the key psychological, psychosocial, and other treatment related factors in the patients from the inpatient substance use treatment with addiction who have dropped out of the program based on correlations with the patients' mindset. SETTING: Men's ward for treatment of SUD at the Department of Addictology, General University Hospital in Prague, the Czech Republic. SAMPLE: 120 male patients aged between 18 and 70 years sampled by convenience sampling in the Department of Addictology at the General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic. METHODS: The prospective study with the follow-up will be based on correlation analysis of self-reports questionnaires which are completed on the first week and the last week of the treatment, followed up by a short phone interview 6 months after the beginning of the treatment for the patients that have completed the treatment. The following is a protocol for the study that began in 2020 and will end at the end of 2023. Data will be stored according to the guidelines and treatment confidentially. DISCUSSION: Findings will be disseminated in peer reviewed scientific journals, national and international conferences, and in briefings to inform clinical decision making. It will provide information which will help to personalize treatment to meet unique needs of each patient and serve as dropout prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionAn upcoming offender rehabilitation model, the Good Lives Model (GLM), proposes that effective offender rehabilitation should adopt a dual focus: reducing recidivism risk as well as enhancing the offender’s well-being. To achieve this, the GLM suggests rehabilitation should include the prosocial fulfilment of a universal set of human needs termed “primary goods.” A focus on primary goods attainment and well-being is hypothesized to improve treatment motivation and achieve more sustainable desistance from future offending. Although this model sounds promising, empirical evidence for these assumptions is limited, especially among youth.MethodsTwenty Flemish and Dutch detained adolescent boys (14 to 17 years old at the time of their arrest) were interviewed during their detention using a semi-structured interview. They were asked about their well-being, needs and goals during rehabilitation, their treatment motivation, and their views on recidivism and rehabilitation.ResultsThe results show that a match between the boys’ well-being needs, and the treatment goals set in collaboration with the institution could improve treatment motivation and rehabilitation efforts. The boys also mentioned other factors with a positive impact on their treatment motivation: increased levels of freedom and autonomy; having a future (prosocial) perspective; investing in a therapeutic alliance; and, working on individual factors (i.e., improving coping skills, school or work skills, and relationships with prosocial friends and family).DiscussionThese factors closely align with working on the GLM primary goods of “excellence in work and play,” “excellence in agency,” and “relatedness,” which can be helpful in enhancing well-being and treatment motivation in offender rehabilitation.

Introduction: The successful treatment of adolescents almost always requires parents' involvement in the treatment process. Thus, parental involvement will impact further treatment, especially concerning the acute management of self-harming behavior of their children. Parental burden or low parental motivation for treatment can significantly affect the success of the intervention. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating how especially motivational factors of the adolescents and parents, as well as stressors of the parents, affect the course of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) after an acute psychiatric emergency presentation. Methods: Ninety-six adolescents aged 11–18 years who have been presented to an emergency service at a child and adolescent psychiatry clinic for suicidal and/or NSSI behavior were recruited together with their accompanying parents within the framework of a specified diagnostic procedure. This included detailed questionnaire and interview procedures for psychiatric assessment. The extent of parental stress and parents' motivation for treatment and its relations to adolescents' NSSI and own treatment motivation have been investigated in a follow-up examination in the aftermath of the acute presentation. We predicted adolescents' NSSI at follow-up based on their own motivation and parental motivation and stress. Results: Data analysis demonstrated that higher adolescents' treatment motivation was associated with higher parental stress. Also, higher parental treatment motivation was correlated with a higher degree of parental distress. Furthermore, parents showed lower treatment motivation when their children engaged in NSSI for a longer duration. Finally, lower adolescents' motivation and lower parental stress due to own parental concerns were predictive for higher adolescents' NSSI frequency at follow-up investigation. Discussion/Conclusion: Patients as well as their parents who present for an emergency service are especially likely to be exposed to increased stress and strain factors. During treatment, additional focus should be placed on parental stress and parental and adolescents' treatment motivation. Identifying and addressing deficits in motivation, increases in parental stress, as well as offering support could favorably impact future NSSI behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: For most treatment‐seeking patients with severe Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), abstinence is the clinically indicated goal. Existing AUD motivation scales are non‐specific about treatment consumption goals, which limit their effectiveness. Desires and mental imagery are relevant in the motivation for AUD treatment engagement. The Motivational Thought Frequency Scale for an abstinence goal (MTF‐A) was adapted from the MTF for controlled drinking (MTF‐CD). This study psychometrically evaluated the MTF‐A in an alcohol‐dependent sample engaged in treatment with a goal of abstinence. To enhance the clinical utility of the scale, a secondary aim was to evaluate a psychometrically equivalent short version of the MTF‐A. Method: A sample N of 329 treatment‐seeking patients with AUD (mean age of 44.44 years, SD = 11.89 years, 72% male) who were undertaking a cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) program for abstinence completed the Motivational Thought Frequency Scale for Abstinence (MTF‐A) and the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ). The MTF‐A measured motivation for abstinence through four factors: intensity, self‐efficacy imagery, incentives imagery, and availability. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were conducted to examine factor structure and model fit. Cronbach's alpha assessed internal consistency. Predictive validity was determined by logistic regression predicting first‐session treatment non‐attendance and alcohol consumption between baseline assessment and commencement of treatment, controlling for potential confounds. Results: A four‐factor structure provided the best fit for the MTF‐A, compared with one‐ and three‐factor models. A shortened 9‐item MTF‐A scale (S‐MTF‐A) provided better fit than the 13‐item MTF‐A scale. Both MTF‐A and S‐MTF‐A displayed good internal consistency. Although both MTF‐A and S‐MTF‐A successfully predicted first‐session treatment non‐attendance, neither predicted alcohol consumption between the baseline assessment and commencement of treatment. Conclusions: The model fit of the four‐factor, 9‐item S‐MTF‐A was superior to the original 13‐item MTF‐A. Both scales were predictive of participation of AUD treatment. Desires and mental imagery play an important role in AUD treatment motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managing rehabilitation for ACL injury is dependent on uptake of, and compliance with, medical and safety recommendations. In this paper, we propose a multi-theory model that integrates self-determination theory and the theory of planned behavior to identify the motivational determinants ACL injury prevention and management behaviors and the processes involved.

Introduction Schizophrenia is characterized by impairments in motivation and coping and decrements in psychosocial functioning in major life areas. Objectives This study attempted to examine the links between treatment motivation, coping, and psychosocial functioning for persons with schizophrenia. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods One hundred thirty-eight participants were recruited at random from outpatient psychosocial rehabilitation programs in Moscow-based psychiatric hospitals. The measures of motivation were administered by testers blind to scores on other study variables; measures of coping (COPE, CERQ) and psychosocial functioning (PSP, EQ5D5L, SF36, Q-Les-Q-18) were administered. Data were analyzed using latent construct modeling to test for mediator and moderator effects. Results There were strong bivariate relationships between coping, motivation, and psychosocial functioning. The results demonstrated that coping strongly mediated the relationship between motivation and psychosocial functioning. This mediation was evidenced by: 1) the direct path from motivation to a functional outcome no longer being statistically significant after introducing coping into the model; 2) the statistical significance of the indirect path from motivation through coping to functional outcome. There was no support for the moderation hypotheses. Conclusions Motivation influences psychosocial functioning through its relationship with coping, and coping is a critical mechanism for explaining the relationship between motivation and psychosocial functioning. These results will be compared with work on motivation, neurocognition, and psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia (Nakagami et al. 2008), as well as with gender issues. Professionals working with schizophrenia patients should consider such variables as coping when designing and implementing gender-sensitive intervention programs. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Background: Serious disruptive behavior among adolescents is a prevalent and often persistent problem. This highlights the importance of adequate and effective treatment to help adolescents with disruptive behavior problems react less hostile and aggressive. In order to create a treatment environment in which behavioral change can be enhanced, treatment motivation plays an essential role. Regarding treatment itself, a focus on challenging self-serving cognitive distortions in order to achieve behavioral change is important. Street Temptations (ST) is a new training program that was developed to address both treatment motivation and cognitive distortions in adolescents with disruptive behavior problems. One of the innovative aspects of ST is the use of virtual reality (VR) techniques to provide adolescents during treatment with visually presented daily social scenarios to activate emotional engagement and dysfunctional cognitions. By using the VR scenarios as an integral starting point of ST’s sessions and transferring the power of the VR experience into playful and dynamic exercises to practice social perspective–taking, adolescents are encouraged to reflect on both their own behavior and that of others. This focus on reflection is grounded in ST’s main treatment mechanism to influence treatment motivation and cognitive distortions, namely, mentalizing (ie, reflective functioning). Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the research protocol to evaluate the effects of ST on treatment motivation and cognitive distortions. We take a closer look at the use of ST and the methodology used, namely, the repeated single-case experimental design (SCED). Methods: The effects of ST are studied through a multiple baseline SCED, using both quantitative and qualitative data. In total, 18 adolescents from secure residential youth care facilities and secondary special education schools are randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 different baseline conditions. Throughout the baseline phase (1, 2, or 3 weeks), intervention phase (4 weeks), and follow-up phase (1, 2, or 3 weeks), daily measurements on treatment motivation and cognitive distortions are conducted. Secondary study parameters are assessed before baseline, after intervention, and after follow-up. Qualitative data are collected after intervention, as well as at 3 months and 6 months after the intervention. Results: Data collection for this study started in November 2021 and is planned to be completed by August 2023. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences. Conclusions: ST aims to improve the disruptive behavior problems of adolescents. This study will be the first to gain insights into the effectiveness of ST. The strengths of this study include its thorough and individually focused design (SCED), the focus on a residential as well as a secondary special education setting, and the ecological validity. The implications for practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between internalized stigmatization and self-efficacy as well as treatment motivation in these individuals. The study was conducted between the dates of June 18, 2017, and January 15, 2018 with 181 patients treated at the Substance Use Treatment and Training Center. Data were collected using the "Personal Information Form", "Internalized Stigmatization Scale for Mental Illness (ISSMI), "Treatment Motivation Questionnaire (TMQ)" and Self-Efficacy Scale. A significant negative correlation was observed between self-efficacy total score and total score of the ISSMI (p <.05). A significant positive correlation was determined between treatment motivation total score and total score of ISSMI (p <.05). Self-efficacy levels were observed to decrease with increasing internalized stigmatization levels of the patients, and the level of treatment motivation increased with increasing level of internalized stigmatization. It is believed that determining the effect of internalized stigmatization on treatment motivation and self-efficacy levels in this group of patients will lead to reducing recurrent admission and substance use in this group of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have reported high rates of childhood maltreatment among individuals with drug addiction problems; however, investigation about the potentially protective factors to mitigate the effects of maltreatment experiences on motivation to engage in addiction treatment has received less attention. This study aims at exploring the mediating effects of forgiveness and self-efficacy on the association between childhood maltreatment and treatment motivation among drug addicts. A total of 360 male drug addicts (mean age = 33.34, SD = 7.25) were recruited from three mandatory inpatient rehabilitation centers in Malaysia. Participants completed a package of self-report questionnaires including measures of childhood maltreatment experiences, forgiveness, self-efficacy, and motivation for treatment. The analysis conducted using the structural equation model (SEM) revealed that childhood maltreatment significantly predicted lower treatment motivation, while forgiveness and self-efficacy played a fully mediating role regarding the effect of childhood maltreatment on treatment motivation. In conclusion, these findings suggest that combining the element of forgiveness and self-efficacy in treatment programs appears to benefit the drug addicts with childhood maltreatment history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have reported high rates of childhood maltreatment among individuals with drug addiction problems; however, investigation about the potentially protective factors to mitigate the effects of maltreatment experiences on motivation to engage in addiction treatment has received less attention. This study aims at exploring the mediating effects of forgiveness and self-efficacy on the association between childhood maltreatment and treatment motivation among drug addicts. A total of 360 male drug addicts (mean age = 33.34, SD = 7.25) were recruited from three mandatory inpatient rehabilitation centers in Malaysia. Participants completed a package of self-report questionnaires including measures of childhood maltreatment experiences, forgiveness, self-efficacy, and motivation for treatment. The analysis conducted using the structural equation model (SEM) revealed that childhood maltreatment significantly predicted lower treatment motivation, while forgiveness and self-efficacy played a fully mediating role regarding the effect of childhood maltreatment on treatment motivation. In conclusion, these findings suggest that combining the element of forgiveness and self-efficacy in treatment programs appears to benefit the drug addicts with childhood maltreatment history.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between treatment motivation and attachment styles, emotion regulation difficulties, mindful attention levels of patients diagnosed with Substance Use Disorders (SUD). Methods: The descriptive and cross-sectional study population is comprised of 182 patients diagnosed with SUD. Experiences assessed according to the Close Relations Inventory II (ECRI-II), Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and Treatment Motivations Questionnaire (TMQ) were used for data acquisition. Results: There was a negative correlation between ECRI and TMQ total score mean (r: −0.26, p <.001). Although there was no significant relationship between MAAS and total TMQ, there was a positive correlation between MAAS and treatment confidence subscale of TMQ (0.15, p <.05). The increases in the total of the ECRI related to the increase in DERS, and this was indirectly related to the increase in the TMQ total. Conclusion: Treatment motivation in patients with SUD is negatively correlated with avoidant attachment style and positively with anxious attachment style. As mindful attention increases, confidence in treatment increases. Insecure attachment related to the increase in difficulties in emotion regulation, and this was indirectly related to the increase in the treatment motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Health care workers in the addiction field have long emphasised the importance of a patient’s motivation on the outcome of treatments for substance use disorders (SUDs). Many patients entering treatment are not yet ready to make the changes required for recovery and are often unprepared or sometimes unwilling to modify their behaviour. The present study compared stages of readiness to change and readiness to seek help among patients with SUDs involuntarily and voluntarily admitted to treatment to investigate whether changes in the stages of readiness at admission predict drug control outcomes at follow-up. Methods This prospective study included 65 involuntarily and 137 voluntarily admitted patients treated in three addiction centres in Southern Norway. Patients were evaluated using the Europ-ASI, Readiness to Change Questionnaire (RTCQ), and Treatment Readiness Tool (TReaT). Results The involuntarily admitted patients had significantly lower levels of motivation to change than the voluntarily admitted patients at the time of admission (39% vs. 59%). The majority of both involuntarily and voluntarily admitted patients were in the highest stage (preparation) for readiness to seek help at admission and continued to be in this stage at discharge. The stage of readiness to change at admission did not predict abstinence at follow-up. The only significant predictor of ongoing drug use at 6 months was SUD severity at baseline. Conclusions The majority of involuntarily admitted patients scored high on motivation to seek help. Their motivation was stable at a fairly high level during their stay, and even improved in some patients. Thus, they were approaching the motivation stage similar to the voluntarily admitted patients at the end of hospitalization. Therapists should focus on both motivating patients in treatment and adapting the treatment according to SUD severity. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00970372. Registered 1 September 2008, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00970372. The trial was registered before the first participant was enrolled. The fist participant was enrolled September 02, 2009.

Abstract Background and Aims People with mental illness have worse physical health and reduced life expectancy compared to the general population. Nevertheless, their medical care is often insufficient. The present study aimed to investigate the somatic status of people with mental illness with a focus on somatic diagnoses, metabolic risk factors, regular somatic care, and routine check‐ups. Methods This study used a 14‐item questionnaire to survey the somatic care situation of psychiatric university hospital patients. Main survey topics were psychiatric and somatic diagnoses, metabolic risk factors, regular somatic care, and routine check‐ups. Results Four‐hundred and thirty‐five people with mental illness (48.3% male, mean age 45.4 years) were included. More than three quarters of the participating people with mental illness had access to a general practitioner. People with affective and anxiety disorders reported significantly more contact with medical specialists for somatic diseases, but schizophrenic patients did not receive enough care. Not all people with mental illness and on psychiatric medication received regular somatic care. Somatic diseases increased with number of diagnoses, and the duration of the psychiatric illness was positively correlated with treatment motivation. Conclusion The observed unmet medical needs in this study might reflect the lack of treatment motivation in people with mental illness, but could also represent their obstacles to access care as well as a suboptimal communication between the treating psychiatrist and the referring general practitioner. Increasing awareness of somatic diseases in psychiatric patients and easier access to somatic care have to be implemented in psychiatric clinical routine. The risk of stigmatization in somatic institutions and the lack of self‐care management in people with mental illness are complicating factors.

Background: Changing addictive behavior is a complex process with high demands on motivation. The Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change provides a theoretical framework for explaining and predicting behavioral change, although its predictive value for addiction is somewhat inconsistent. Objective: The aim of the present study is to extend the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change by investigating not only treatment motivation but also the predictive value of the type of drinking-related treatment goal. Additional predictors, such as substance-related and sociodemographic variables, are also included in analyses seeking to predict return to drinking during relapse prevention treatment for alcohol use disorder. Methods: In this observational study, 99 inpatients from a treatment center for alcohol use disorder were recruited. Treatment motivation was assessed in accordance with the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change, drinking-related treatment goal through a self-report questionnaire, and substance-related and sociodemographic variables via the clinic information system. Associations between the potential predictors and covariates were explored using stepwise logistic regression. Results: During treatment, 42.6% of participants had at least one relapse. Scoring higher on the action dimension at admission (OR = 0.81, p =.04) and being employed (OR = 0.37, p =.02) were significant predictors of abstinence during treatment. Conclusions: This study confirms that treatment motivation contributes to the prediction of treatment outcome, even when controlling for other variables. In future research, the underlying mechanisms of treatment motivation should be further explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine how internalized stigma differs in opioid use disorder (OUD) based on sociodemographic and clinical variables, and to what extent internalized stigma is related to treatment motivation, perceived social support, depression, and anxiety levels. METHODS: One hundred forty-five individuals with OUD included. Sociodemographic and clinical data form, the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI), Treatment Motivation Questionnaire (TMQ), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were utilized in the study to collect data. Bivariate and partial correlation coefficients between variables were computed. ISMI and TMQ scores were compared between patients with depressive symptoms and patients without depressive symptoms by using t-test and Mann Whitney U test. RESULTS: Internalized stigma was high among male patients with heroin use disorder. There was a positive correlation between internalized stigma score and treatment motivation, depression, and anxiety levels. On the other hand, there was a negative correlation between internalized stigma score and multidimensional perceived social support. CONCLUSION: Internalized stigma occupies an important place in the treatment of OUD, which occurs with frequent relapses and which is hard to treat. Not only application for treatment but also adherence to treatment and treatment motivation at maintenance phase bestow a complicated relationship with depression and anxiety. In the struggle against internalized stigma, it plays a vital role to mobilize people’s social support systems, to educate families on the issue and to get in touch with support units exclusive to heroin users.

An individual's interpersonal features are pertinent to treatment within clinical populations. The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) contains two scales that assess the interpersonal features of warmth (WRM) and dominance (DOM), as well as two additional measures to assess to treatment prediction, process, and rejection (RXR; TPI). The current study examined associations between these PAI scales in a sample of 92 men who underwent comprehensive evaluations of sexual behavior after being charged with or convicted of a sexual offense. Analyses indicated that RXR was positively associated with WRM and DOM, TPI was negatively associated with WRM, and the two interpersonal scales of WRM and DOM were positively correlated with each other. A significant inverse relationship was found between the two treatment scales RXR and TPI indicating that motivation for treatment may have a limited relationship with the treatment process. WRM significantly predicted scores on the TPI, and both WRM and DOM predicted individual scores on RXR. Higher scores on positive impression management (PIM) were predictive of lower TPI and higher RXR, as individuals with higher stakes cases may score higher on PIM and underreport obstacles within treatment or be unwilling to accept the need for treatment. Overall, findings suggest that interpersonal characteristics identified by the PAI scales may be advantageous in approaching treatment within this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Group work is one of the most effective treatment methods in rehabilitation of substance use behavior. In addition, the individual's motivation to quit substance and self-efficacy perceptions of quitting are important factors for the course of the treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of group work process on motivational processes (intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, interpersonal help seeking and confidence-in-treatment subscales) and self-efficacy perception of substance users. Method: This is an experimental study with 43 substance users. The Treatment Motivation Questionnaire subscales were used to measure the effect of the group work on the dimensions of treatment motivation (intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, confidence-in-treatment, interpersonal help seeking), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale was used to measure the effect of group work on the self-efficacy perceptions. Results: The group work resulted in a significant increase in participants' intrinsic motivation and confidence-in-treatment. However, group work did not result in any significant change in extrinsic motivation, interpersonal help seeking and the perception of self-efficacy. In the follow-up process, a significant decrease was observed in the participants' self-efficacy perceptions. Conclusions: Group work with substance users increases the intrinsic motivation and confidence-in-treatment. Therefore, group work practices will increase the effectiveness of substance use treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of the study was to develop unidimensional test-fair and economic short screenings to assess treatment motivation in patients with cardiovascular diseases using the Rasch analysis. Materials and methods: After pretesting for relevance and comprehension, a pool of 132 items on treatment motivation was completed by a sample consisting of 1168 patients with cardiovascular diseases recruited in two German cardiological rehabilitation centers. Confirmatory factor analyses and the Rasch analyses were conducted. Results: The confirmatory factor analyses confirmed a three-factor structure of the treatment motivation construct with task self-efficacy, outcome expectancies and intention as factors. Using the Rasch analysis for each of the three factors and removing items with misfit, differential item functioning and local response dependency reduced the initial item pool to the three short screenings. The short screenings fit to the Rasch model with a root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA = 0.021 (task self-efficacy; seven items); RMSEA = 0.024 (outcome expectancies; 12 items), RMSEA = 0.027 (intention; nine items). Person-separation reliability was 0.81, 0.82, and 0.73. Unidimensionality could be verified. Conclusions: The calibrated, unidimensional short screenings provide a psychometrically sound option for an initial- and follow-up assessment of treatment motivation in rehabilitation patients with cardiovascular diseases. Further testing in other cardiovascular diseases populations is needed to increase generalizability. New short screenings for the assessment of treatment motivation: task self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, intention in rehabilitation patients with cardiovascular diseases are available. Treatment motivation short screeningsself-efficacy/outcome expectancies/intention consist of seven items (treatment motivation short screeningself-efficacy), 12 items (treatment motivation short screeningoutcome expectancies), nine items (treatment motivation short screeningintention) and are therefore especially timesaving. The short screenings demonstrate good psychometric properties, cover a wide spectrum of task self-efficacy, outcome expectancies and intention, and are free of local dependencies and of differential item functioning regarding to gender, age and cardiovascular diagnoses. Using a Rasch based unidimensional short screening is a test-fair and economic method to assess patients' treatment motivation, which might help to improve rehabilitation health care tailored to patients' needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine treatment motivation and social support levels among patients with substance use disorders, the relationship between the variables, and influencing factors. Method: Descriptive research was conducted on 154 patients diagnosed with substance use disorder. The Individual Description Form, Treatment Motivation Questionnaire (TMQ) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used during data collection. Results: The mean score TMQ and MSPSS of the patients were determined as 93.44 ± 10.03 and 44.85 ± 13.74, respectively. Among the patients, the TMQ score of those who were in employment was higher than those who had previously made an attempt to stop using the substance (p <.05). The MSPSS score of men and employed patients was higher than that of women and unemployed people (p <.05). Conclusion: It was determined that participating individuals mostly used intrinsic motivation and that their treatment motivation and perceived social support levels were moderate. It was found that patients received the highest level of support from their families. As the level of social support increased, the patients' treatment motivation also increased. The study concluded that being in employment positively affected both social support levels and treatment motivation, while attempts to withdraw from the substance positively affected treatment motivation only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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• Patient perceptions of alliance and experiences of confusion are distinct. • The Medical Consultation Experience Questionnaire has good psychometric properties. • Confusion predicts psychological distress and alliance predicts positive affect. • Both confusion and alliance are consequential for patient motivation. • Confusion uniquely predicts control of symptoms (HbA1C and blood pressure). The current objective is to validate the Medical Consultation Experience Questionnaire (MCEQ) and to examine distinctions between constructs of patient perceived alliance and experienced confusion in relation to key health outcomes. A total of 857 participants were recruited online across two samples (adults with various medical conditions and with diabetes and/or hypertension specifically). A confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated good fit and high item loadings for the theoretical bifactor model. Item response theory analyses showed very high individual item discrimination and good test information across a wide range of values. Confusion was uniquely and significantly more strongly related to psychological distress than was alliance; the same was true for alliance with positive affect. Both alliance and confusion significantly contributed to treatment motivation. Only confusion explained unique variance in control of HbA1C levels and blood pressure after controlling for alliance and other variables. The MCEQ is a valid instrument for assessing distinct constructs of alliance and confusion. Future research should focus on the unique role of confusion for patient outcomes. By using the MCEQ to assess patient alliance and confusion, it may be possible to detect and prioritize individual patient needs and improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: The study aims to analyze residents and non-residents who are participating in a treatment and rehabilitation programme at the Cure and Care Service Center (CCSC). The resident is a full-time residential and participates in the CCSC treatment and rehabilitation program. The nonresident is the opposite of this. The study also aims to identify significant predictors of the motivation of treatment and self-efficacy not to be involved in the drug. Methodology: Four CCSCs have been selected in this study. A total of 102 respondents, 55 residents (53.4%) and 47 non-residents (47.6%) at four CCSCs filled up questionnaires related to treatment motivation and self-efficacy to avoid drugs. Findings: Duration of the treatment and rehabilitation programme at CCSC is different, ranging from two weeks to eight months. The results of the regression model analysis showed that high motivation for treatment is among residents and is associated with longer duration of engagement at CCSC. Furthermore, periods not involved with drugs have a significant relationship with high self-efficacy to avoid drugs. The findings also recognize high-risk situations that may lead to relapse. Among the identified risk factors is finding a drug, finding drug addicts and being invited to use drugs, finding something that reminds respondents of drugs and engages with events that can cause negative emotions. Contributions: This study highlights the importance of screening the level of treatment motivation and the level of self-fficacy among CCSC residents, which contribute to treatment success and effectiveness evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managing rehabilitation for ACL injury is dependent on uptake of, and compliance with, medical and safety recommendations. In this paper, we propose a multi-theory model that integrates self-determination theory and the theory of planned behavior to identify the motivational determinants ACL injury prevention and management behaviors and the processes involved.

A dilemma for corrections practitioners is treatment for pretrial detainees. They are innocent until proven guilty and are not required to take treatment, but many may benefit from intervention. To assess the general level of treatment interest and potential differences, a sample of 221 male remand and sentenced Canadian provincial prisoners completed several Client Evaluation of Self and Treatment (CEST) scales. Prisoner treatment motivation and its correlates were assessed by examining univariate, bivariate, and multivariate effects for demographic attributes, legal factors, risk, perceptions of personal/family/pressure for treatment, and depression. It was found that about 36% to 40% of study subjects expressed moderate to strong motivation for treatment. Age, pressure, and depression were the only correlates consistently associated with treatment motivation. There were no differences found between remand and sentenced prisoners. Results indicated that pretrial detainees have a definite interest in undertaking programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of psychosocial and structural occupational factors in mental health service provision has broadly been researched. However, less is known about the influence of employees' occupational factors on inmates in correctional treatment settings that mostly seek to apply a milieu-therapeutic approach. Therefore, the present study investigated the relationships between occupational factors (job satisfaction, self-efficacy, and the functionality of the organizational structure) and prison climate, the number of staff members' sick days as well as inmates' treatment motivation. Employees (n = 76) of three different correctional treatment units in Berlin, Germany, rated several occupational factors as well as prison climate. At the same time, treatment motivation of n = 232 inmates was assessed. Results showed that higher ratings of prison climate were associated with higher levels of team climate, job satisfaction and the functionality of the organizational structure, but not with self-efficacy and sick days. There was no significant relationship between occupational factors and the perceived safety on the treatment unit. Inmates' treatment motivation was correlated with all aggregated occupational factors and with average sick days of staff members. Outcomes of this study strongly emphasize the importance of a positive social climate in correctional treatment units for occupational factors of prison staff but also positive treatment outcomes for inmates. Also, in the light of these results, consequences for daily work routine and organizational structure of prisons are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims at exploring the emotional and motivational dynamics of people with drug addiction following rehabilitation. Seventy-eight individuals with substance use disorder (89.2% male) aged from 18 to 63 years completed a questionnaire exploring their experience with treatment and the therapeutic community context and Short Form Health Survey assessing health-related quality of life. Cluster analysis and multiple correspondence analysis allowed the detection of different groups of respondents and of the main synthetic factors affecting their experiences. Results identified three groupings of respondents, conceived along two main latent dimensions: expectations of change to recovery (delegation/effort) and perceived usefulness of treatment (denial of dependence/emotional investment). The second dimension was associated with some quality indicators of rehabilitation process (reported motivation at the entry, mental quality of life, and length of time following the treatment), which might potentially affect both treatment retention and success on the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Substance use behavior is increasing in Turkey, as is the importance of substance use treatment and rehabilitation programs. Substance users' compliance and treatment motivation are crucial for the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation programs. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between psychosocial variables and treatment motivation and to determine the effects of psychosocial variables, self-efficacy, and coping strategies on treatment motivation. Method: The study was conducted among 336 substance users taking part in a Cigarette, Alcohol and Drug Addiction Treatment Program (SAMBA) group program. Results: A significant difference in treatment motivation was found according to the individual's age, educational status, and income level, duration of substance use and number of substances used, family problems, and psychiatric comorbidity. In addition, the most important predictive variables for treatment motivation are the individual's income level, the presence of children, family problems, and coping strategies. Conclusion: Cognitive and behavioral studies should be undertaken to strengthen social support mechanisms, to increase the supportive participation of family members, and to develop coping strategies as well as motivational techniques in order to increase the individuals' compliance and motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early treatment motivation is a meaningful predictor of clinical outcomes in the context of methamphetamine dependence (MD). Cognitive deficits associated with MD can have a significant impact on motivational fluctuations during early treatment. We specifically examined if sustained attention and effort-based decision-making predict early treatment motivation change in individuals with MD. We hypothesised that both variables would be significant predictors of individual differences in treatment motivation change.Methods: We conducted a longitudinal, observational, cohort study on individuals with MD (N = 72, Age, M = 31.1, SD = 7.3, 29% female). Participants were assessed with cognitive tests of sustained attention (continuous performance test) and effort-based decision-making (effort expenditure for rewards task) within three weeks of entering treatment and rated their treatment motivation at baseline and at follow up six weeks later (n = 50). Multiple regression was used to examine the predictive value of cognitive variables after controlling for nuisance variables.Results: Cognitive measures significantly predicted change in treatment motivation after accounting for nuisance variables, F(5,43) = 2.89, p = .025. Analysis of individual predictors showed that sustained attention, but not decision-making, was a significant negative predictor of improvement in treatment motivation (β = -0.34, p = .015).Conclusions: Poorer attentional function was associated with limited improvement in motivation during early treatment. These findings help to characterise cognitive predictors of treatment motivation and suggest directions for tailored treatment programs. Individuals entering treatment with attentional deficits may benefit from adjustments to therapy and/or cognitive remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The current study was conducted to investigate the pattern of structural relations between deviant personality traits, risk perception and treatment motivation in people with substance dependency. Method: A descriptive- correlational method was used in this study. All the drug addicts referring to Ardabil centers of addiction treatment in second half of 2014 constituted the statistical population of this study. The number of 140 individuals from this population was selected via cluster sampling and responded to stages of change readiness and treatment eagerness scale, personality deviance scale, and cognitive appraisal of risky events (CARE) questionnaire. Results: The results showed that risk perception and three components of treatment motivation are negatively correlated with hostile thoughts, denigration of others, low self-confidence, dependency, submissiveness; however, risk perception was positively associated with the three components of treatment motivation. The results of regression analyses also revealed that 53% variance of recognition, 44 % variance of ambivalence, and 47 % of variance of step taking were explained by deviant personality traits. Model fitness indexed confirmed the path of deviant personality traits to treatment motivation via the mediating role of risk perception. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that low risk perception is one of the explanatory pathways for the relationship between deviant personality traits and treatment motivation.

Aim. To study treatment motivation in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and in those with CHF concurrent with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Subjects and methods. A total of 203 patients (130 men and 73 women; mean age, 61.8±9.6 years) with CHF diagnosed and assessed in accordance with the National Guidelines of the All-Russian Research Society of Cardiology and the Heart Failure Society for the diagnosis and treatment of CHF (third edition, 2009) were examined. CKD was diagnosed according to the 2012 National Guidelines of the Research Nephrology Society of Russia. A group of patients with chronic cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) included those with CHF and CKD with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of

Aim. To estimate changes in treatment adherence and motivation and quality of life in Prestance-treated population of the observational CONSTANTA program. Subjects and methods. The effect of Prestance on treatment adherence and motivation and quality of life was evaluated in 2435 participants of the CONSTANTA program. It included patients with uncontrolled hypertension who generally received angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor antagonists alone or in conjunction with free or fixed-dose combinations of 2-3 antihypertensive agents and who were additionally given Prestance to correct antihypertensive therapy, as decided by their doctors. The goal blood pressure (BP) was less than

Abstract Treatment motivation in secure residential youth care is assumed to be a necessary condition for effective treatment, and is therefore a key element in the reduction of problem behavior and criminal recidivism. According to Self-Determination Theory (SDT) three basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence and relatedness) are essential for treatment motivation, which are characteristics of a positive residential group climate. Based on SDT, we examined whether a therapeutic (open) group climate and low levels of institutional repression were associated with treatment motivation of adolescents residing in (semi-) secure residential youth care facilities. An ethnically diverse sample was studied of 179 respondents (M = 16.2 years; SD = 1.5), in 12 Dutch (semi)secure youth care facilities and 9 forensic youth care institutions. We measured residential group climate with the PGCI and treatment motivation with the ATMQ, and fitted a Cross-Lagged Panel Model (CLPM) of residential group climate and treatment motivation. It was found that a positive group climate in the first month after placement predicted greater treatment motivation three months later. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]