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17. Language proficiency modulates the recruitment of non-classical language areas in bilinguals.

Author

Leonard, Matthew K, Torres, Christina, Travis, Katherine E, Brown, Timothy T, Hagler, Donald J, Dale, Anders M, Elman, Jeffrey L, and Halgren, Eric

Subjects
Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Magnetoencephalography, Brain Mapping, Language, Language Development, Multilingualism, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Behavioral and Social Science, Biomedical Imaging, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Neurosciences, Clinical Research, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Bilingualism provides a unique opportunity for understanding the relative roles of proficiency and order of acquisition in determining how the brain represents language. In a previous study, we combined magnetoencephalography (MEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine the spatiotemporal dynamics of word processing in a group of Spanish-English bilinguals who were more proficient in their native language. We found that from the earliest stages of lexical processing, words in the second language evoke greater activity in bilateral posterior visual regions, while activity to the native language is largely confined to classical left hemisphere fronto-temporal areas. In the present study, we sought to examine whether these effects relate to language proficiency or order of language acquisition by testing Spanish-English bilingual subjects who had become dominant in their second language. Additionally, we wanted to determine whether activity in bilateral visual regions was related to the presentation of written words in our previous study, so we presented subjects with both written and auditory words. We found greater activity for the less proficient native language in bilateral posterior visual regions for both the visual and auditory modalities, which started during the earliest word encoding stages and continued through lexico-semantic processing. In classical left fronto-temporal regions, the two languages evoked similar activity. Therefore, it is the lack of proficiency rather than secondary acquisition order that determines the recruitment of non-classical areas for word processing.

Published
2011

37. Spatiotemporal changes in along-tract profilometry of cerebellar peduncles in cerebellar mutism syndrome

Author

Toescu, Sebastian M., primary, Bruckert, Lisa, additional, Jabarkheel, Rashad, additional, Yecies, Derek, additional, Zhang, Michael, additional, Clark, Christopher A., additional, Mankad, Kshitij, additional, Aquilina, Kristian, additional, Grant, Gerald A., additional, Feldman, Heidi M., additional, Travis, Katherine E., additional, and Yeom, Kristen W., additional

Published
2021
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46. Relations between near-term white matter tract microstructure, medical complications, and 2-year language outcomes after preterm birth

Author

Dubner, Sarah E., Rose, Jessica, Feldman, Heidi M., and Travis, Katherine E.

Abstract

Aim: To determine associations between 2-year language outcomes and near-term equivalent age diffusion MRI (dMRI) white matter tract metrics in a cohort of preterm children. Method: 32 children, gestational age 28.9 (2.4) weeks, underwent dMRI at mean post-menstrual-age 36.4 (1.4) weeks and language assessment with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development - III at 18-24 months. Mean fractional anisotropy (FA) was calculated for 6 white matter tracts. Hierarchical linear regression assessed associations between tract FA, moderating variables, and language. Results: Language outcomes correlated positively with FA of the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF-L) (r = 0.44, p < 0.05), and negatively with FA of the posterior corpus callosum (r = -0.41, p < 0.05). Language-brain associations in the ILF-L were independent of the number of neonatal medical complications. Number of neonatal medical complications moderated the relationship between language and posterior corpus callosum FA. Interpretation: The findings suggest that microstructural properties of white matter tracts in the newborn period are associated with language outcomes in the toddler years. The direction of associations varied by fiber group and may relate to the stage of brain maturation and/or the nature and timing of medical complications related to preterm birth.

Published
2019
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