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Background Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) decrease COVID-19 transmission. Reliability and validity of adherence to NPIs in accordance with normalization process theory (NPT) in coherent and convenient social subgroups using reflective measurement model assessment has not been evaluated. Methods In February 2021, a sample of medical students and people with substance use disorders in treatment as coherent (based on continuous probability distribution) vs. convenient groups (based on convenience, not equal probability) composed of travellers and COVID-19 suspected persons from Split-Dalmatia County (SDC) (n  = 656) in the Mediterranean completed self-administered surveys. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to measure reflective model assessment of adherence to NPIs according to NPT. Results PLS-SEM reflective model assessment provided two-group specific factors in inverse relationships which determined adherence to NPIs with excellent goodness-of-fit [ χ 2 = 1.292, df = 1; P  = 0.297, CFI = 1, TLI = 0.997, RMSEA = 0.011 (90% CI 0–0.105), RMSEA P  = 0.604, SRMR = 0.008, Hoelter CN (α = 0.05) = 2322.757]. Significant negative factors covariance estimate (−0.716) revealed an inverse relationship between first (adherence to NPIs and internal locus of control (LoC) (0.640)) and second factor; young adulthood age (≤25) and highest level of education (1362). As the first factor increased the second tended to decrease. LoC is expected potential mechanism by which sex (MLsex = −0.017, SE = 0.007, P  < 0.016) and belonging to coherent subgroups (MLgroup = −0.008, SE = 0.003, P  = 0.015) can produce indirect effect of adherence to NPIs. Conclusions Coherent subgroups had a more pronounced tendency toward integration of NPIs in everyday life. Group factors that facilitate the normalization were higher educated younger adults with a tendency toward external LoC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over recent decades, serious games have become a promising intervention approach for addressing psychological problems by providing users with computerized, engaging, and interactive experiences. An innovative serious game, Traveler, has been developed specifically as an intervention tool for managing posttraumatic responses immediately after trauma. The game incorporates the principle of visuospatial interference, the core elements of Tetris, such as spatial displacement and mental rotation, and the critical phases of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. To test the intervention efficacy and feasibility of Traveler, we conducted a randomized controlled trial involving 105 young adults. Participants were randomly assigned into three groups: a wait‐list control group, a group undergoing five‐session written exposure therapy, or a group engaging in one session of Traveler gameplay. Outcome measures included intrusive memories (i.e. vividness of traumatic images, disgust at traumatic images, flashback frequency, and flashback impact) and posttraumatic growth measured by the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Traveler significantly outperformed the control and written exposure therapy groups in reducing intrusive memories and enhancing posttraumatic growth, with effects persisting at a 30‐day follow‐up. Thus, Traveler offers a promising brief and early intervention technique for addressing posttraumatic responses. Yet, its clinical applicability requires further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of spiritual tourism provides opportunities for environmental preservation, socio-cultural and economic growth of local communities. Spiritual tourism activities are one of the oldest parts of tourism and are part of the global market and are increasing significantly. It has been proven that in Bali spiritual tourism areas that utilize hugging places are starting to appear in every village that has the potential to establish spiritual tourism. This research aims to analyze the determinants of community income in the Tirta Temple tourist area of Taman Mumbul Sangeh Badung, Bali. This research uses a quantitative method in associative form, using a non-probability sampling technique with a saturated sampling method of 82 respondents. The analysis technique used in the research is path analysis. The results of this research show that the availability of facilities, access, attractions and institutions have a positive and significant effect on tourist visits in the Taman Mumbul Sangeh Temple tourist attraction area, Badung. The availability of facilities, attractions, access and tourist visits have a positive and significant effect on people's income. However, the availability of institutions has a negative and insignificant effect on people's income in the Taman Mumbul Sangeh Temple tourist attraction area, Badung. Tourist visits are a variable that mediates the influence of facility availability, access and institutions on community income. However, tourist visits do not mediate the influence of attraction availability on people's income in the Taman Mumbul Sangeh Temple tourist attraction area, Badung.

Ankara, located in the center of Asia Minor and founded on an important crossroads, has always been an attraction center for travelers of various religious and national backgrounds. More importantly, it was located on the King’s Road which extended from Mesopotamia to Western Anatolia. Undoubtedly, these characteristic features of the city were noticed by Western travelers. The city was first visited by a Western traveler in the 16th century. The number and frequency of these trips increased over time. The 19th century is considered as the peak point in this regard. Correspondingly this article focused on the opinions of five different Western travelers who visited Ankara during the 19th century and whose names came into prominence. Before that, the period from the 16th to the 19th century was examined. In some cases, Ottoman archival documents were used to check the data provided by the travelers’ resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Louis-Eugène-Gabriel de Ferry de Bellemare, better known as Gabriel Ferry, was a Frenchman with a successful literary career. A native of Grenoble, he went to Mexico in the 1830s as part of a French migratory flow that settled in the ports and cities of the interior, in search of a better future (Ferry was interested in commercial opportunities). Although Ferry is known as a traveler, he was also a migrant, traveling throughout Mexico for 7 years. He recorded his impressions, which were influenced by Romanticism, in novels and travelogues. This article examines Ferry's impressions of northwestern Mexico, particularly his commentaries about landscapes, economy, and society, documented in his Mexican-themed writings, Scènes de la vie sauvage au Mexique, Le coureur des bois ou les chercheurs d'or, and Impressions de voyages et aventures dans le Mexique, la Haute Californie et les régions de l'or. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being an ancient nation, Turks have managed to preserve some of their characteristics despite being scattered in different parts of the world. One of these characteristics they have managed to preserve is tranquility, which is one of the important values that makes itself felt at every stage of their lives. We learn most of this information from the works left to us by travelers who personally visited the Turks, stayed among them and had the opportunity to get to know them closely. In the works left to us by these travelers, there is unique information about Turkish culture and history, one of which is the tranquility of Turks. It has been observed that these travelers, who were among the Turks scattered in various parts of the world, gave information about tranquility that supported, complemented and overlapped each other. Some of these travelers even complained about the absence of these behaviors, which they appreciated, in their own countries and did not refrain from criticizing even their own countries. Thus, in this study, based on the observations of Western travelers, tranquility, which is an important virtue of the Turks, is examined and analyzed based on textual analysis. As a result of the study, it was seen that prejudices such as Turks being rude, quarrelsome and barbaric are groundless; on the contrary, it was seen that Turks have a calm structure far from fighting and conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Danisname Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of Global Security & Strategy Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many patients who travel internationally seek medical travel advice from their primary care provider, who may feel unprepared to provide this advice. This article describes online travel medicine resources and a structured approach to a basic pretravel assessment, office evaluation, and destination-specific consultation on travel health and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background A measles epidemic affected the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region from November 2017 to May 2018 with clusters among Travellers. This indicates that measles vaccination rates among Travellers remain lower than in the general population. The objective of this study was to estimate the 'declarative vaccination' against measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) and to propose a conceptual framework to help identify determinants of MMR vaccination uptake among adult Travellers in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in 2019–20. Methods A cross-sectional study using random sampling was performed and included 612 adult Travellers from 1 November 2019 to 31 March 2020. A conceptual framework to model vaccination adherence was tested among this underserved population by using structural equation modelling. This model included five latent variables: health literacy, attitudes toward preventive measures, stigma, accessibility to care and perceived needs and five measured variables: information received on vaccination, perception of barriers, support for administrative documents, social support and housing conditions. Results Individuals who did not answer all the questions linked to the variables included in the model were excluded, thus 347 adults were included in the final sample. The declared vaccination rate against MMR was 74.0%, and 72.4% of the participants were favorable to vaccination. Vaccination adherence was significantly correlated with favorable attitudes toward preventive measures such as having a history of MMR vaccination and not having already refused a recommended vaccine and finally satisfactory information received on vaccination. Discussion To improve vaccination adherence, health authorities should lean on personal history with vaccination and on transmitting information on vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is of increasing global concern. Human mobility is one factor that has recently been associated with AMR, though the extent of its impact has not yet been well established due to the limited availability of rigorous data. This review examines the existing literature regarding various types of human mobility including short-term travelers, forcibly displaced persons, migrant populations, and their association with global rates of AMR.

This study aims to analyze and show the influence of the number of tourist visits (NTV), the number of hotel occupancies (NHO), local revenue (LRV), the unemployment rate (UPR), and the proportion of informal employment (PIE) to economic growth (gross regional domestic product/GRDP) during the pre-pandemic period until the recovery period for the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative method of panel data regression models. The data source uses secondary data in the form of documentation from the central statistics agency regarding research variables for all provinces in Indonesia from 2019 to 2021. The research results show that NTV and UPR negatively and significantly affect GRDP. LRV and PIE have a positive and significant effect on GRDP. NHO does not affect GRDP. This research theoretically contributes to complementing existing theories and practically provides benefits as a reference for the government in increasing economic growth from existing factors.

Copyright of Journal of Strategic & Social Research is the property of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Social Science Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Japanese encephalitis (JE) remains the cause of vaccine-preventable encephalitis in individuals living in endemic areas and international travelers. Although rare, the disease's high fatality rate emphasizes the need for effective immunization. This review aims to provide updated data on the JE burden between 2017 and 2023, vaccine acceptance, and vaccine strategies for travelers. We prospectively identified studies, using MEDLINE and PubMed, published through 2023. JE incidence has decreased in local populations and remains low among travelers from non-endemic countries. The local JE risk cannot be utilized to determine traveler risk. Adult travelers naïve to JEV infection or immunization may be at potentially higher risk. The JE vaccine acceptance rates among international travelers visiting JE endemic areas range from 0.2% to 28.5%. The cost of the vaccine and low risk perception could be barriers to JE vaccination. For travelers, an accelerated two-dose regimen of inactivated Vero cell JE vaccine (JE-VC) or a single dosage of live attenuated JE vaccine (JE-LV) may be an option. In conclusion, the JE burden among residents and travelers is lower, but the risk is not negligible. Practitioners should prioritize sharing knowledge, increasing awareness, and promoting vaccinations and preventive measures to reduce tourists' risk of JE along their journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ring spinning is the dominant system of manufacturing high-quality yarns in the textile industry. Spinning parameters affect the spinning tension distribution and consequently the temperatures of the ring/traveler system. Excessive traveler heat will limit the spindle speed and the efficiency of yarn production. This study modeled the effect of the traveler weight, yarn count, twist level and spindle speed on the temperatures of the traveler and ring during ring spinning. The finite element method was used to model the temperatures of the ring and the traveler for different spinning parameters. The experimental ring temperature and maximum traveler temperature from the validated model were recorded based on the experimental design. The results show that spindle speed, traveler weight and yarn count had a statistically significant effect on the temperatures of the traveler and the ring, with the spindle speed having the strongest effect. The twist level of yarn, within the range examined, had no statistically significant influence on the traveler and ring temperatures. For a given spindle speed, the traveler weight and yarn count have a significant effect on the maximum temperature of the traveler, and the temperature change is more pronounced at a higher spindle speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of the emergency provider lies at the forefront of recognition and treatment of novel and re-emerging infectious diseases in children. Familiarity with disease presentations that might be considered rare, such as vaccine-preventable and non-endemic illnesses, is essential in identifying and controlling outbreaks. As we have seen thus far in the novel coronavirus pandemic, susceptibility, severity, transmission, and disease presentation can all have unique patterns in children. Emergency providers also have the potential to play a public health role by using lessons learned from the phenomena of vaccine hesitancy and refusal.

The importance of the journey comes through its direct role in the life of the person who, since his birth, found himself forced to travel in an effort to earn his living and in search of survival and discovery of the unknown. The subject of this study falls within the framework of cultural and intellectual communication between the scholars of the Islamic East and the countries of the other world through Saad Al-Khair's trip to China and other countries to which he left, confined to the Levantine scientific presence in those countries. From this point of view came the interest in this study and their role in the intellectual, scientific and commercial movement. This research includes three introductions to the demands of the first: his name, lineage, fame, rulers, and upbringing. The second is his scientific standing. The third is his elders and students, and a conclusion and a list of sources and references.

Constituting the core of industry concerns, the tourism market must be approached not only like any other market but especially through its specific elements. It must be defined in complete accordance with its main elements (demand, supply, the space and time it operates in, competition etc.). Obviously, tourists will be those to whom service providers will give maximum attention. Its specificity lies in: the way needs and desires manifest in the field of tourism; how the meeting of demand with supply takes place; the peculiarities of consumption and post-consumption reactions of tourists etc. The tourism market must be addressed in a multitude of forms: as a market for a singular service (or a complex tourism product), respectively as the market for a tourism company; as a local, regional, national, international, or global market. Regarding tourists (its clientele), their definition must be closely related to defining tourism - to avoid confusion with travelers, visitors, or excursionists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Cografya Fakültesi Dergisi DTCF Dergisi is the property of Ankara Universitesi Dil ve Tarih-Cografya Fakultesi (DTCF Dergisi) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

According to Imami jurisprudence and the Islamic Penal Code of Iran, committing adultery in some circumstances may result in a minimum punishment and in other circumstances, may be subject to a maximum punishment. This issue is very important in the penal system of Islam and the criminal laws of Iran. Considering that one of the examples of the application of the minimum punishment is the Lack of Ehsan for a man or a woman, and according to Article 227 of the Islamic Penal Code of Iran, travel excludes husband and wife from the Ehsan, This question is raised that traveling in the absolute sense can cause the perpetrator of adultery to leave the Ehsan or other conditions are necessary? Considering the descriptive-analytical study of the views presented in this research, it seems that the basic feature of Ehsan for passengers is the existence of a customary ability to have a marital relationship with the wife or husband at any time he or she wants. On the other hand, presenting a model of religious distance as a criterion for leaving Ehsan is contrary to the content of popular narrations. Therefore, determining the religious distance as a criterion for leaving Ehsan will not be compatible with the criterion of customary ability as the famous saying of the jurists, which has been discussed in detail.

Human beings' concern for hygiene and restoring health to the body in various situations, especially when traveling, has been an ever-present issue. Therefore, the current research is based on this question: What was the response to the hygienic and health needs of travelers in Safavid Iran? The findings of the present study, based on a descriptive-analytical method, show that travel in the Safavid era, with various religious, military, and commercial goals and motives, was primarily done on land (on foot and horseback), and by sea. Under hygiene protection measures and various treatment methods, the behavioral approach to responding to the traveler's hygiene and health needs is presented under the intellectual atmosphere and the humor medicine system (four temperaments). The occurrence of various physical and mental challenges for the traveler along the way was the result of moving while traveling. Therefore, gaining the necessary knowledge, taking measures, and making changes in habits and patterns of behavior before traveling was necessary to prepare the body. Adhering to six core principles of maintaining hygiene safeguarded the health of the traveler's body during travel. In proportion to the duration of the travel and the two important variables of heat and cold, there was the possibility of catching various diseases and facing harmful conditions such as thirst, hunger, fatigue, heatstroke, frostbite, scalding, and injuries. Different treatments have been provided by physicians to solve all kinds of conditions and complications, depending on the situation and temperament of the person.

This research aimed to understand the experiences of tourists with intellectual disabilities using travel technologies, and to identify determinants and deterrents. A qualitative approach was adopted to execute the research across two studies. In Study 1, topic modeling analysis of online travel forum discussions was conducted to unearth consumer concerns around accessibility. Study 1 revealed that the voices of people with disabilities were omitted in the forum data. Building upon Study 1, in Study 2 we conducted four focus group interviews with tourists with intellectual disabilities to understand their opinions, attitudes, and perceptions towards the use of technology before and during travel. The findings yielded a redefined model conceptualizing the technology usage of tourists with disabilities, particularly for tourists with intellectual disabilities. Implications for co-creating experiences with technology with tourists with disabilities were discussed in relevance with theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laboratory-confirmed dengue virus (DENV) infections in Africa are rarely reported. In this study, we report 18 DENV serotype 1 (DENV-1) infections, diagnosed by the French National Reference Center for Arboviruses, in patients who had histories of recent travel in Africa. Our analyses revealed two cases, one from Niger in 2018 and one from the Republic of the Congo in 2016, where dengue fever had not been previously reported, and one case from Mauritania in 2015, where DENV-1 had not been previously reported. These cases support the reported spread of DENV outside its well-established tropical and subtropical environment toward the arid deserts of the Sahel. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that a single monophyletic DENV-1 lineage is currently in circulation in West Africa, having spread from East Africa after its original importation from Asia. Our study provides an improved understanding of DENV dynamics in Africa and underlines the importance of surveillance of travel-acquired infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: With climate change being the single biggest health threat facing humanity, this review aims to identify the climate-sensitive health risks to the traveler and to recognize the role that travel plays in contributing to the detrimental effects of climate change. With this understanding, adaptations for transformational action can be made. Recent Findings: Travel and tourism, including transportation, food consumption, and accommodation, is responsible for a large percentage of the world's carbon emissions which is contributing to the climate change crisis at an alarming rate. Climate change is a health emergency that is resulting in a rise of significant health impacts to the traveler including increased heat illnesses; food-, water-, and vector-borne diseases; and increasing risk of exposure to emerging infectious diseases. Patterns of future travel and destination choices are likely to change due to climactic factors such as temperature and extreme weather events, forced migration, degradation, and disappearance of popular and natural tourist destinations. Summary: Global warming is and will continue to alter the landscape of travel medicine with expansion of transmission seasons and geographic ranges of disease, increased risk of infections and harmful marine toxins, and introduction of emerging infections to naïve populations. This will have implications for pre-travel counseling in assessing risk and discussing the environmental influences on travel. Travelers and stakeholders should be engaged in a dialogue to understand their "climate footprint," to innovate sustainable solutions, and be empowered to make immediate, conscientious, and responsible choices to abate the impact of breaching critical temperature thresholds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lerek Gombengsari (Lego) Coffee Tourism Village is one of the coffee educational tourism destinations in Banyuwangi. This tourist destination combines agro-tourism and educational tourism so that visitors can learn and practice coffee plantation management organically with an educational system adhering to the principle of Learning by doing. The use of coffee in the Gombengsari area is still limited to coffee beans. Coffee beans are processed into coffee grounds which are enjoyed by tourists, both domestic and foreign tourists. The processing of coffee beans produces 45% of coffee waste in the form of coffee grounds and each cup of coffee drunk containing coffee grounds has an average weight of 20 grams. Therefore, coffee grounds waste must be processed because it can be harmful to health and the environment. Coffee grounds waste contains caffeine, organic acids, minerals and antioxidants that are useful for smoothing the skin, moisturizing the skin and preventing free radicals. Based on these contents, the coffee grounds at Kampung Lego Tourism will be processed into traditional soap bars. Making bar soap is done traditionally to avoid chemicals so that it can reduce problems on the skin. The PKM activity by the Poliwangi Lecturer Team was able to produce processed bar soap products which were packaged under the name Srikandi Homemade Soap. These results are able to add to the list of processed variants that are very useful for partners.

Laboratory-confirmed dengue virus (DENV) infections in Africa are rarely reported. In this study, we report 18 DENV serotype 1 (DENV-1) infections, diagnosed by the French National Reference Center for Arboviruses, in patients who had histories of recent travel in Africa. Our analyses revealed two cases, one from Niger in 2018 and one from the Republic of the Congo in 2016, where dengue fever had not been previously reported, and one case from Mauritania in 2015, where DENV-1 had not been previously reported. These cases support the reported spread of DENV outside its well-established tropical and subtropical environment toward the arid deserts of the Sahel. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that a single monophyletic DENV-1 lineage is currently in circulation in West Africa, having spread from East Africa after its original importation from Asia. Our study provides an improved understanding of DENV dynamics in Africa and underlines the importance of surveillance of travel-acquired infections.

The aim of the article is to present, based on a few materials from the Polish and Polish American press from the end of the 19th century, the figure of a lawyer, journalist and traveler who is now forgotten. Aleksander Marek Jawornicki, born in 1847 in Radom, graduated from law studies, but worked in the profession for a short time. From 1874, he collaborated with, among others, with the "Kaliszanin" daily, publishing novels, pictures, humorous sketches, and reviews. In 1887, he took part in a research trip to West Africa, led by Leopold Janikowski. After his return, he published letters, sketches, short stories and novels based on his impressions from the expedition in the Polish press, and in 1892 he was also the editor of "Kaliszanin". In 1896 he left for America and settled in Chicago. He was the editor of the Polish diaspora "Katolik", later ran a pharmacy in Milwaukee, was a doctor in Michigan and a priest of the Polish Catholic Church in Chicago. He died there in 1900. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human beings’ concern for hygiene and restoring health to the body in various situations, especially when traveling, has been an ever-present issue. Therefore, the current research is based on this question: What was the response to the hygienic and health needs of travelers in Safavid Iran? The findings of the present study, based on a descriptive-analytical method, show that travel in the Safavid era, with various religious, military, and commercial goals and motives, was primarily done on land (on foot and horseback), and by sea. Under hygiene protection measures and various treatment methods, the behavioral approach to responding to the traveler's hygiene and health needs is presented under the intellectual atmosphere and the humor medicine system (four temperaments). The occurrence of various physical and mental challenges for the traveler along the way was the result of moving while traveling. Therefore, gaining the necessary knowledge, taking measures, and making changes in habits and patterns of behavior before traveling was necessary to prepare the body. Adhering to six core principles of maintaining hygiene safeguarded the health of the traveler's body during travel. In proportion to the duration of the travel and the two important variables of heat and cold, there was the possibility of catching various diseases and facing harmful conditions such as thirst, hunger, fatigue, heatstroke, frostbite, scalding, and injuries. Different treatments have been provided by physicians to solve different kinds of conditions and complications, depending on the situation and temperament of the person. 2- Introduction One of the neglected subjects in the social history of Iran is the health and hygiene of travelers during travel. The form and speed of travel in any period can be checked depending on the requirements of the time and according to the communication and transportation system of that period. The occurrence of various physical and mental challenges for the traveler along the way was the result of moving while traveling. The onset of any illness or complication in the bodily organs could cause some problems for the traveler and hampered his or her efforts to achieve goals. For this reason, making a suitable and desirable travel plan had a direct relationship with the physical and mental preparation of the body before starting the trip and maintaining health during the journey. Regarding this issue, the present research aims to identify the various health and hygienic measures needed by travelers concerning the preparation of the body before starting the journey and the ways of maintaining the health of the body along the way in accordance with the heat or cold throughout the travel in Iran during the Safavid era. 3- Materials and Methods Data for this descriptive-analytical research, as a historical study, were collected through the library method. According to the nature of the research, in addition to historical sources and travelogues, most of the information was obtained from medical sources and manuscripts. The purpose of the present research is to briefly examine the types, purposes, and motivations of travel in the first step. In the second step, it aims to identify and explain the set of measures related to the health and safety of travelers in Iran during the Safavid era, which is addressed through the following two research questions: 1) What were the purposes and motivations of traveling in Safavid Iran? 2) How was the behavioral approach done in responding to the travelers’ health needs? The hypotheses proposed for the above questions are as follows: In Safavid Iran, traveling for various religious, military, and commercial purposes and motives was done mainly on land (on foot or horseback) or by sea. The behavioral approach to a traveler's health and health needs is presented in line with the intellectual atmosphere and the Akhlati medicine system, which is based on the principles of hygiene and different ways for treating health problems. 4- Discussion of Results and Conclusions Maintaining the health and well-being of the traveler's body in various situations, including travel itself, is essential. During the Safavid era, travel was limited to two forms: on land (foot and horse) and by sea. The behavioral approach to responding to the health and hygienic needs of the traveler before the start of the journey and during the journey was carried out in accordance with the intellectual atmosphere and epistemological and cognitive foundations of Iranian medicine during the Safavid era. Prevention and treatment methods, presented by physicians, are in the framework of the fourhumor medicine system. Considering the fact that the approach of traditional medicine to maintaining health is primarily preventive and secondarily therapeutic, an important part of preventive measures in accordance with two important variables, namely ‘heat’ and ‘cold’, in the form of the six principles (Sette Zaruriyeh) of ‘food and drink’, ‘movement and immobility’, ‘sleep and consciousness’, ‘vomiting and retention’, ‘weather’ and ‘emotional symptoms’ are presented. The measures related to abstention from food and drinks were of the utmost importance for maintaining the wellness of the body. ‘Heat and cold’, as two important variables, played an important role in the emergence and development of various diseases, conditions, and complications in the traveler’s organs. Physicians’ measures regarding heatstroke were mainly focused on dealing with dehydration and its complications. In order to prevent frostbite, while emphasizing the preservation of the organs through the appropriate covering, various treatment measures were taken according to the degree of damage to the organs. In order to treat all types of diseases and conditions that may occur during travel, various forms of treatment have been ordered. The identified measures in the current research in the form of efficient, experienced, and low-cost measures and recommendations can be provided to pilgrims, nature tourist groups, tribal communities, and other groups today to help them face these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background, The Formulation Of The Problem Posed Is "How Is Glamping From The Perspective Of Domestic Tourists In The Industrial Era 4.0 And Society 5.0". This Study Aims To Determine The Opinion Of Domestic Tourists In Choosing Accommodation When Traveling In Balithe Research Is A Descriptive Research With Quantitative Research Approach To Answer The Questions Related To Glamping In The Tourist's Perspectivesthis Study Shows The Results That Nomadic Tourism Synergizes With Educational Tourism, Digitalization And Events. The Combination Of These Various Factors Shows An Important Role In Driving The Destination Economy With The Homestay Business. The Data Analysis Technique Used In This Research Is Descriptive Analysis Technique, In Which The Research Results Are Described Descriptively Which Describes The Findings Obtained. Tourist Preferences For The Glamping Accommodation Business In Bali Prefer Glamping Which Is Promoted In An Attractive Way, With A Large Number Of Followers (A Large Number Of Followers, And Promoted By Well-Known Artists). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most powerful means of ensuring social communication is language. It is known that knowledge of the language, which is the primary actor of both oral and written communication of people with each other, undertake a serious function in shaping everyday life. Moreover, this situation is not valid only for the people sharing the same country’s lands. Thus, one of the most basic necessities of getting in touch with the outer world is having information about the language of the addressee country. It is known that this situation which is more valid in today’s world also had great importance in historical context. Just as today, knowledge of language was one of the essential matters facilitating the works of travelers who travel to different lands with curiosity of wanderers in the past eras. These people, who contacted directly with the public, carried out their work and solved their problems with their own efforts, needed to know the language not only to meet their personal needs more easily but also to gather information. Because having information about the language of the country they visited would give them a vast opportunity. By this means, travelers would take the opportunity of making more detailed and scientific analyses about the religious and political structure, customs and traditions, habits, and cultural values of the country they visited. In the light of all this information, in this study, it will be tried to provide information about Ottoman Turkish in line with a travel guide published by John Murray Publications in England in the nineteenth century. In addition, some basic concepts in Turkish and the connotations of these concepts evoke in the minds of Westerners will also be included in the study in the light of aforesaid travel guide. As a result, this study is written to reveal how the West perceived the Ottoman Empire, which is one of the main figures of the Eastern world, in certain aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Japanese encephalitis (JE) remains the cause of vaccine-preventable encephalitis in individuals living in endemic areas and international travelers. Although rare, the disease’s high fatality rate emphasizes the need for effective immunization. This review aims to provide updated data on the JE burden between 2017 and 2023, vaccine acceptance, and vaccine strategies for travelers. We prospectively identified studies, using MEDLINE and PubMed, published through 2023. JE incidence has decreased in local populations and remains low among travelers from non-endemic countries. The local JE risk cannot be utilized to determine traveler risk. Adult travelers naïve to JEV infection or immunization may be at potentially higher risk. The JE vaccine acceptance rates among international travelers visiting JE endemic areas range from 0.2% to 28.5%. The cost of the vaccine and low risk perception could be barriers to JE vaccination. For travelers, an accelerated two-dose regimen of inactivated Vero cell JE vaccine (JE-VC) or a single dosage of live attenuated JE vaccine (JE-LV) may be an option. In conclusion, the JE burden among residents and travelers is lower, but the risk is not negligible. Practitioners should prioritize sharing knowledge, increasing awareness, and promoting vaccinations and preventive measures to reduce tourists’ risk of JE along their journey.

Background: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants in places where the virus is uncontained poses a global threat from the perspective of public health and vaccine efficacy. Travel has been important factor for the easy spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants worldwide. India has also observed the importation of SARS-CoV-2 variants through international travelers. Methods: In this study, we have collected the oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swab specimens from 58 individuals with travel history from United Arab Emirates (UAE), East, West and South Africa, Qatar, Ukraine and Saudi Arabia arrived in India during February–March 2021. The clinical specimens were initially screened for SARS-CoV-2 using Real time RT-PCR. All the specimens were inoculated on to Vero CCL-81 cells for virus isolation. The viral isolates were further sequenced using Next-Generation Sequencing. Results: All 58 cases were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 using Real time RT-PCR. Four specimens showed progressive infectivity with fusion of the infected cells with neighboring cells leading to large mass of cells. Replication competent virus was confirmed from culture supernatant of the passage 2 using Real time RT-PCR. Two plaque purified SARS-CoV-2 isolates demonstrated high viral RNA load of 3.8–7.5 × 1011 and 1.1–1.6 × 1011 at passage 4 and 5 respectively. Nucleotide variations along with amino acid changes were also observed among these two isolates at passage 2–5. All four cases were male with no symptoms and co-morbidity. The sequence analysis has shown two different clusters, first cluster with nucleotide deletions in the ORF1ab and the spike, while second cluster with deletions in spike region. The viral isolates demonstrated 99.88–99.96% nucleotide identity with the representative sequences of Beta variant (B.1.351). Conclusion: These findings suggest easier transmission of SARS-CoV-2 variants with human mobility through international travel. The isolated Beta variant would be useful to determine the protective efficacy of the currently available and upcoming COVID-19 vaccines in India.

Angel N Desai,1,2 Amir M Mohareb,3– 6 Naomi Hauser,1 Aula Abbara7 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA; 2Global Migration Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; 3Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 4Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; 5Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; 6Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; 7Department of Infection, Imperial College, London, UKCorrespondence: Angel N DesaiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USATel +1 9167340168Fax +1 251 333115250Email andesai@ucdavis.eduAbstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is of increasing global concern. Human mobility is one factor that has recently been associated with AMR, though the extent of its impact has not yet been well established due to the limited availability of rigorous data. This review examines the existing literature regarding various types of human mobility including short-term travelers, forcibly displaced persons, migrant populations, and their association with global rates of AMR.Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, migrant, refugee, displaced person, traveler, mobility

The expedition to Guiana by the French botanist Jean-Baptiste Christophe Fusée-Aublet (1723-1778) was a fruitful one, as he brought back many little-known plant samples as well as new knowledge about the Guianese plant landscape. While the results of this expedition are undeniably positive and led to the publication of a major work for the scientific community, the journey itself was laborious for the botanist who had to adapt quickly to the specificities of this new and hostile environment. Based on the Histoire des plantes de la Guiane françoise (1775) and on some extracts from Aublet's journals, we will examine the way in which these physical and psychological obstacles that the traveler-botanist was confronted with in French Guiana both conditioned his scientific method and determined certain writing choices.

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• 1,026,822 travelers were identified, receiving 898,196 doses of travel vaccines. • Characteristics of travelers with and without travel vaccines were similar. • Departure date and travel duration were electronically captured for most travelers. • Healthcare utilization was dramatically decreased during the travel. • Time from vaccination to departure can be utilized for vaccine safety studies. Studying the safety of travel vaccines poses challenges since recipients may be traveling during the risk window for adverse events and the identification of a suitable comparison group can also be difficult. The examination of traveler characteristics, travel vaccination patterns, and health care utilization using electronic health record (EHR) data can inform the feasibility of future travel vaccine safety studies. A retrospective cohort study of health plan members in the Vaccine Safety Datalink Project aged 9 months and older who had a travel-related encounter or received a travel vaccine from 2009 to 2018 was performed. Travel regions visited, travel duration, type of travel vaccine received (typhoid, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, rabies, and cholera), and timing of vaccination date before departure date were described. Sociodemographic information, clinical characteristics, and health care utilization were compared between travelers who received travel vaccines and travelers who did not. A total of 1,026,822 unique travelers departing from the United States were identified; 612,795 travelers received 898,196 doses of travel vaccines. The most commonly administered travel vaccine was typhoid vaccine and 77% of all travel vaccines were given more than one week prior to departure. Compared with travelers without travel vaccines, travelers with travel vaccines were overall similar but as a group were slightly younger, healthier, and had lower Hispanic representation. Health care utilization dramatically decreased during travel. Outpatient visits decreased from 294.8 visits per 10,000 person-days before travel to 24.2 visits per 10,000 person-days during reported travel dates. Through the EHR information from almost a million travelers, a departure date and duration of travel were successfully captured for the majority of travelers with corresponding health care utilization data. Time after vaccination and prior to departure can potentially be used in the future to compare travelers who receive travel vaccines with travelers who do not receive travel vaccines when looking at adverse events of interest after vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of International Journal of Specialized Islamic Studies (SIS) is the property of Refaad for Studies, Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cultural globalization, including the resumption of international travel post-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, emphasizes the importance of regional infectious disease variation, especially when considering a differential diagnosis for fever in a traveler. Prompt diagnosis is often imperative to initiate proper treatment and reduce morbidity and mortality associated with many environmental and vector-borne pathogens. The  Anopheles  mosquito transmits malaria in areas endemic to malaria. Malaria, while not endemic to the United States, can be seen in a traveler. This illness can be deadly if left untreated. Symptoms of malaria include but are not limited to jaundice, cyclic fever, and flu-like illness. In this case report, we describe a unique presentation of  Plasmodium vivax  malaria in a 17-year-old traveler from South Korea with a negative rapid malaria test. A peripheral smear from microscopy demonstrated the presence of gametocytes, which are pathognomonic for malaria. Despite the presence of a very low parasitemia (<1%), the patient was noted to have some severe features such as significant thrombocytopenia, acute kidney injury, as well as relapsed disease several months later despite adequate treatment. A high clinical index of suspicion and a detailed history allowed prompt treatment and no permanent sequelae., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Miracle et al.)

Throughout history, human beings have felt the need to explore unknown places of the world, see distant countries, and recognize and promote new people and new places for various purposes. Especially the West has always wondered about Eastern civilization, and the East has always wondered about Western civilization. As a result of this curiosity, many works in the form of travelogues were written both in Western and Eastern civilizations. Approaching the issue in the context of ancient Turkey-Romania relations, it is seen that Romanian travelers, poets, writers, or diplomats wrote some travel books, embassies, and travel diaries in the 19th century. The travelogues, embassies, and travel diaries of travelers who traveled from Romania to the East, that is, to Ottoman geography, are important works that provide detailed information about the East. Among these works, poet, statesman, and traveler Dimitrie Bolintineanu's Travelogue and his poem series Bosphorus Flowers, which he wrote with the influence of Eastern culture, stand out. In his Travelogue, D. Bolintineanu described the Ottoman geography with different impressions on many aspects compared to his contemporaries who traveled to the East. However, D. Bolintineanu, who visited Sultan Abdulmejid with the Romanian delegation that came to Istanbul in 1860, recorded this visit in detail in his Travelogue. Therefore, this article will discuss Romanian travelers who visited the Ottoman country in the nineteenth century, D. Bolintineanu's Anatolian trip in the Travelogue, the visit of the Romanian delegation to Sultan Abdulmejid in 1860, and, consequently, Romanian-Ottoman relations in the 19th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focuses on the impressions of Şihabeddin b. Fazlullah El Ömerî, Matrakçı Nasuh, Kudbüddin Mekki, Aşık Mehmed, Kâtip Çelebi, Evliya Çelebi, Ebû Bekir B. Behrâm, Şamseddin Sâmi, Ali Cevad and Mehmed Ziya, who have visited Kütahya and its surroundings, on architectural works around this city. Kütahya has been one of the most popular places for travelers due to its location on the trading route in the Seljuk period and its being the capital of the Germiyans Principality and the Anatolian state. These journeys started in the first half of the 14th century, and occurred extensively over the 16th and 17th centuries. The aim of the present study is to obtain information about the architectural monuments of the region via architectural works of the Turkish period through travelogues. Travelogues have an important role among the written sources of ancient Anatolian geography. These works consist of observations of their authors and information obtained from local people. In addition to the inclusion of a significant amount of superficial information, travelogues also contain extensive information. The most comprehensive information take place in the Evliya Çelebi travelogues. Features related to architectural structure such as the period of its construction, the inscription, patron, current situation, materials, and decorations can be determined especially in Evliya Çelebi’s Works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Research / Sosyal Bilimler Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of ODU Journal of Social Sciences Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)