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Despite the growing interest in long-stay tourism, a comprehensive understanding of long-stay tourists' experiences remains largely unexplored. This study aims to explore the dimensions of experiences among long-stay tourists and examine their impact on overall satisfaction. By leveraging online reviews from long-stay tourists and employing a machine learning-based text mining approach, including topic modelling and sentiment analysis, we identify specific tourist experiences and evaluate their emotional responses. An econometric analysis is then conducted to assess the relationship between these experience dimensions and satisfaction. Our findings reveal 10 experience dimensions of long-stay tourists, which are interpreted through the experiencescape model. Notably, except for the attraction dimension, all identified dimensions significantly influence long-stay tourists' satisfaction This study not only contributes to the existing literature by comprehensively identifying the experience dimensions that affect satisfaction but also offers valuable insights for stakeholders by providing guidance on how to enhance long-stay tourism in destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that a focus on the day excursion as a particular form of journey, with its inherent limits in relation to scale, distance, and duration, enables us to bring recent critical thinking on microtravel as a form with "foundations in the depth or intensity of description" into dialogue with scholarship that has given sustained attention to modes of descriptive practice that were specific to eighteenth-century British literature and the narrative representation of interior domestic space. The three English travellers under consideration are John Loveday (1711–1789), Dorothy Richardson (1748–1819), and Caroline Lybbe Powys (1738–1817). All made numerous home tour journeys of different kinds but never published their records of their travelling in their lifetimes. All displayed sustained interest in interior description, whether that was for the purpose of antiquarian research, as was the case with Loveday, and to some extent, Richardson, or as a means of collecting, arranging, and performing domestic aesthetic sensibility, as in the writing of both Richardson and Powys. The small local journeys analysed here speak of privileged leisure: the accounts offer experimentation in the narration of journeys made within limits, but those limits are rarely of opportunity. Yet these young travellers still negotiate authority: in the practice of day excursioning, and in writing up those experiences, we see each traveller utilising this compact form to find opportunities for self-assertion, employing the formulaic structures of antiquarian record and country house catalogue in order to articulate an independent curatorial voice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thinking about how animals are categorised in Mungo Park's journey into the interior of Africa provides a deeper understanding of their significance in the early exploration experiences of Africa by Europeans during this era. As it stands, there certainly exists a small but growing body of animal criticism in literary studies, and what can be suitably described as the animal turn is certainly gaining momentum more broadly within twenty-first century literary criticism and debate. However, there has been scant scholarly research on this theme of animals within eighteenth-century travelling practices. In recent times, the scholarship on Park's journey has been highly particular; new understandings of Park's trip are still being reached. Considering such specificity, an examination of Park's narration of nonhuman animals during his trip will not only provide original insight into this aspect of his African experience but also interpret the ways that his narrative differentiates and categorises the various animal experiences he had whilst in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores the mid-eighteenth-century travel experience of Scottish writer Anne Macvicar Grant [1775–1838]. Grant is perhaps best known for her late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century travel writing and anthropological discourse focussed primarily upon the Scottish Highlands. Yet, the majority of Grant's childhood was spent in Albany, New York. After she had established herself as a writer and published various texts dealing with her more recent experience in the Scottish Highlands, in 1808, Grant published Memoirs of an American Lady, a semi-biographical account of her childhood spent in the multicultural contact zone of a British military outpost. There are two key issues that this essay explores. First, I discuss the process of memory. Unlike intentional travelogues of the time, Grant's text was not compiled with the aid of a diary or ledger. Grant's entire account comprises memories of events that occurred over forty years in the past. Part of this essay then discusses the potential fallibilities of the fragility of human memory upon the traveller. While it may be anticipated that this first issue is detrimental to the account of the traveller, the second key issue that I explore is arguably advantageous to Grant's account. The extent to which Grant, throughout her life, immersed herself within various marginalised communities undoubtedly allows for the production of a more nuanced and balanced account of external cultures than was the custom at the time. What complicates this account is the mixing of memory and cultural immersion. In her writing around the Scottish Highlands, Grant frequently relies upon her experience of certain cultures as a child to explain and convey her understanding of the different marginalised communities she encounters as an adult. Integral to this essay is the fact that this mixing of memory and cultural exposure also occurs the opposite way around. In the Memoirs, the writer's recollections of the Mohawk or the Kanien'kehà:ka people and colonial Dutch communities as a child seem to be coloured and subjected by her more recent experience of the Highland people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Secret Journey (1949) by Marcel Jouhandeau (1888-1979) is the story of a forbidden love, but the poetic novel is also a crime story. It contains hidden clues that betray the author and reveal the historical context: In autumn 1941, a French writer takes part in a propaganda tour of Nazi Germany at the invitation of Joseph Goebbels. He falls in love with the German officer who organises it. And he seems to realise that he has fallen in with the wrong people. Jouhandeau’s collaboration is both skilfully coded and subtly suggested. His secret journey is about the seductive power of fascism and the difficulty of becoming aware of it. This article is the first to consider Jouhandeau’s original travel diary, which is preserved as a manuscript and a typescript in French archives and has been transcribed and edited by the author.

Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tales have garnered the greatest popular and scholarly attention despite the interdependence of works across the broad range of his artistic production. We read Andersen's fairy tales in concert with his travel writing to highlight the intertextual aspects that cross these seemingly distinct genres. We leverage recent advances in large language models (LLM) and network theory to generate representations that facilitate user exploration of these intertextual interdependencies across genres and across time. In the first part of our study, we use BERTopic and an LLM model fine‐tuned for nineteenth‐century Danish literary language to present independent and combined topic models of the two corpuses. This approach supports multi‐scalar analysis of intertextual elements within and across these corpuses, thereby implementing a method for macroscopic reading. In the second part of the study, we develop a series of networked representations of the dependencies between fairy tales, where these dependencies are generated on the basis of the shared intertextual topic space of the fairy tales and the travel writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1876, Moroccan Sultan Moulay Hasan sent a delegation to Britain to study artillery and return with a specimen of modern weaponry. This article examines Driss Jaaidi's report on the journey to Britain through the theoretical lens of Occidentalism, which offers a counter-narrative to Western Orientalism. Jaaidi's account, produced within the diplomatic context of Moroccan–British relations, diverges from traditional Orientalist texts, offering a respectful and admiring depiction of British modernity. By focusing on technological advancement, industrialization, and mass urban life, Jaaidi's travelogue emphasizes observation without condescension, contrasting the estrangement found in Western accounts of the East. This study explores how Occidentalism allows non-Western travellers to view the West through a lens of curiosity and respect, fostering a narrative that is forward-looking and temporally progressive. The observer's language, shaped by an Occidentalist perspective, reflects a register of praise and awe rather than alienation and distortion. The present text suggests that while Orientalism views the East as a relic of the past, Occidentalism, in contrast, portrays the West as a vision of the future – a futuristic artefact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that the sketchlike patchwork of texts, identities, and histories that make up Mark Twain's Life on the Mississippi emerges through the narrative mixing of passengers and pilots. Situating Twain's Life in relation to Washington Irving's The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., the article suggests that in the aftermath of slavery, Civil War, and Reconstruction, Twain attempted to define the New (South) against the Old using the genre of the sketch. Concerned as it was with the ruins, relics, and monuments of the nation's cultural ancestors, Irving's Sketch-Book provided a useful framework for a writer like Twain whose Life on the Mississippi reconceptualized post-Reconstruction expressions of new southern literary identities. Lastly, the article argues that the many mixtures present in Twain's Life are predicated on Irving's earlier explorations of "racial" degeneracy, blended nations, hybrid identities, cross-cultural exchange, intertextuality, indigeneity, and mixed-race dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I provide a close examination of early Christian biographical sources through the heuristic lens of "home studies", tracing a thread from the New Testament Gospels to martyrdom texts, the apocryphal Acts literature, Eusebius' biography of Origen in his Church History, and finally, Athanasius' Life of Antony. I demonstrate that the lens of home allows us to see that in each of these discrete groups of texts, Christ's call to discipleship is understood to redefine and reconstitute the meaning of home and relatedly, family: to be "home" required a great deal of displacement and mobility as one forsook one's biological family and household for the sake of obedience to the call of Christ. I argue that three topics, typically examined separately, are fruitfully brought together through the lens of home: (1) the shaping of ancient Christian identity formation, as expressed by the characters' use of familial language to identify other members of the early Christian movement; (2) the mobile nature of the person who joins the movement, providing insights about the mobility and travel of many of its members; and (3) ancient Christian eschatological thought concerning the final dwelling of Christ-believers in some form of otherworldly home after death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This essay examines the geographic imagination of Colombian writer Santiago Pérez Triana (1858--1916) through his travel narrative De Bogotá al Atlántico (1897). A Liberal during the conservative dictatorship of Miguel Antonio Caro, Pérez Triana was forced to flee Bogotá amidst a climate of political persecution: he traveled by river through the scantly populated Llanos of Colombia and Venezuela to evade government detection and escape the country. Pérez Triana lived the rest of his life in exile. This essay argues that Pérez Triana imagines a new plan for economic development and Liberal political resurgence in Colombia, one that depends upon massively developing the rivers to achieve a more complete circulation of people, ideas, and cultural objects throughout the country. Pérez Triana's work recalls earlier Liberal writing about the Magdalena River, which had been imagined as a site of nation-building cultural encounters by Liberal writers of the mid-nineteenth century. In this way, Pérez Triana looks nostalgically on the country he has fled while planning for a return to a Liberal Colombia that could make good use of both its human and natural resources. Pérez Triana's involvement in international politics from exile is also explored, including his later rapprochement with the Colombian government, as well as his influence on British literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is about the symbolic representation of the wilderness motif in a selection of rabbinic travel tales, taking into consideration its representation in earlier Jewish writings. The article includes a selection of rabbinic travel narratives found in b. Baba Batra that concern the desert journeys of the remarkable rabbinic protagonist Rabba bar Bar Ḥanna. The hero of the stories is presented as viewing the giant dead bodies of the biblical tribes in the wilderness, Mount Sinai, and Korah and his people, all according to the sequence of biblical events in the books of Moses. Wilderness plays an integral role in these stories. While there is little interest in this motif in Palestinian rabbinic literature, wilderness plays a distinct role in the eschatological process according to the rabbinic theological speculations known from the Babylonian Talmud. According to the selected travel narratives, which all focus on the wilderness, several objects from the biblical past, as well as some items from the dawn of creation, which are designated to play an important role in the eschatological process, are stored there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This introductory article explores the rise of travel as an area of research within the field of biblical studies. It first discusses some major trends in the study of travel in the ancient Jewish tradition, including travel as a literary motif in biblical narrative and the evidence for travel in the context of early Judaism. While the significance of travel as a topic of research has been established in biblical studies, more work remains to be done regarding various aspects of the topic, including non-human travellers and the experience and effects of travel. Travel is not just about geographical relocations, as the selected focus on travel and transformation also seeks to emphasize. Drawing on related discussions in literary studies, the article then discusses travel as a practice that requires transitions which take people into liminal spaces and lead to potentially transformative outcomes. Finally, it explains how the articles included in the thematic issue add to this conversation from different yet complementary angles. They primarily focus on travel as a literary motif in various early Jewish corpora but also consider later and contemporary travel of ancient fragments, highlighting how travel may shape and change those on the move in different ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Travel literature not only provides relevant information about cultural heritage, such as authorship, chronology or location, but also reveals the impressions evoked by its reception. This article describes the methodology of the ongoing REWIND project, which explores European cultural heritage through the perspectives of Latin American women writers who travelled to Europe in the early twentieth century. The project seeks to amplify the voices of non-European women committed to feminism and sociocultural diversity to foster decolonial, inclusive and pluralistic historical narratives. On the one hand, we address the configuration of the project corpus, the semantic annotation process, and the design of the ontological modelling according to the deep data concept. On the other hand, we explain the analysis of the relationships between cultural heritage, time, space and emotion. The project uses travel literature in digital format to retrieve, study and interpret data on cultural heritage, creating a workflow that integrates information from various historical sources to raise further questions and provide new insights. The proposed methodology follows the FAIR principles and prioritizes using open-source software to ensure reproducibility and facilitate the use of deliverables in other studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines legends on the origins (aetiologies) of places and placenames in Benjamin of Tudela's travel account. Origin stories are prevalent in medieval travelogues, but Hebrew travel accounts employ a unique form that is embedded in placenames. Midrash Shem (מדרש שם), as this form is known in Jewish tradition, is the homiletical interpretation of names, typically characterized in some measure by wordplay. I suggest that these legends and placenames serve Hebrew travel literature both as an evidential tool and as an artistic means of expression, contributing to the construction of "known" and "foreign" lands and peoples, and consequently to the formulation of group identities. En route to the foreign and unknown, yet "own", holy Eretz Yisrael, Benjamin of Tudela encounters Jewish communities and records a variety of aetiologies throughout the Middle East. In retelling the origins of the travelled landscape, he transmits local mythical, theological and historical content as well as particular Jewish-diasporic socio-political realities. Diversely told origins of Roman architecture, scattered across most of Benjamin's account, show how these local traditions varied. Some aetiologies fuse traditional with foreign content to affirm a sense of belonging under foreign rule, while others actively undermine established non-Jewish narratives or even oppose competing Jewish narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Considering Irish writer Kate O'Brien in the context of sapphic modernisms might seem misguided as her fiction is traditional in form. Still, revisiting her writing has illuminated its play with modernist themes, and her radical establishment of transnational feminisms in her juxtaposition of Ireland and Spain. Referencing theories by Nira Yuval-Davis and the work by Jane Garrity that map the intersection of gender, sexuality and citizenship, this article argues that O'Brien presents alternative possibilities for women's relationship to nationhood in her representations of Spain in her 1936 novel, Mary Lavelle, and her 1937 Farewell Spain. The travelogue, chronicling O'Brien's sojourn in Spain accompanied by Mary O'Neill, her life partner, is an elegy to her experiences of a country ravaged by Franco's fascist forces. Tracing the sapphic erotics that course through her love letter to the "femme fatale among countries," from the language of ecstatic pleasure in her description of bullfights, and her adoring depictions of gendered, anthropomorphized towns, O'Brien presents a love of Spain in sapphic terms that is itself an object of queer devotion. As a result, her relationship with Spain revises perceptions of women's connection to nationhood, even if temporarily, and opens new spaces for a queer nationalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the meaning of two acts of cultural production: the writing of novels and the acid house and dance music scenes as represented in Alan Warner’s 1995 novel Morvern Callar. Reading the novel against its 2002 adaptation by Lynne Ramsay, it historicizes the representation of working-class pleasure in relation to the developing discourses of the creative industries propounded by Tony Blair’s New Labour. Drawing a link between the concept of the creative industries and the well-established conversation linking “cultural independence” and devolution in Scotland, it argues that Warner’s novel represents acid house as a moment in which working-class pleasure and cultural production was a significant threat to establishment cultural values. By contrast, Ramsay’s film presents Morvern’s desire to party as indicative of a traumatized subjectivity which can be healed by the rejection of her working-class background and the embracing of a middle-class lifestyle informed by literature and travel. In this respect, Ramsay’s film is unable to metabolize the transcendent potential of partying and pleasure, instead mobilizing well-worn tropes of acid house’s meaningless hedonism to represent Morvern as an exceptional individual whose inborn distinction allows her to escape her background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beatrice Lanza Branciforti was a sicilian countess who lived throughout the 19th century. She traveled extensively, managed her patrimonial and personal interests and, together with Lucio Mastrogiovanni Tasca, established the house of the Counts of Almerita. Her 13 diaries, along with the other documents that constitute her travel archive, provide a window into 19th-century trends: destinations, itineraries, encounters, and leisure activities are central to this narrative through text and images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiments are frequently used in the travel and hospitality literature to provide stronger evidence of causal relationships between various constructs. Recently, despite the use of online platforms for experimental studies, such studies have often failed to find significant results, as expected. To increase the probability of obtaining significant results for experiments using online panels, this paper suggests six practical recommendations across three categories: (i) handling less homogenous online participants; (ii) understanding and managing different motivations and abilities in online participants; and (iii) using effective and transparent experimental designs and procedures. This paper provides the results of three empirical investigations to support these recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seen by many as the Urstory of travel and return to the home in western litera- ture, the tale of the Greek hero Odysseus has inspired hundreds of retellings in different genres and languages across the globe, but they all encode the traveler as a male adventurer who crosses boundaries and penetrates spaces. In contrast, my essay takes a close look at a female literary re-accentuation of the original myth by the 2018 Nobel Prize winner, the Polish writer Olga Tokarczuk, in order to investigate the significant disparities between male and female adventure stories and explore how female re-conceptualizations of the Odyssey unsettle the traditional symbolic order through writing that is both pluralistic, multi-voiced, and universal, all-inclusive. Ultimately, I argue that Tokarczuk's creative refashioning of one of the foundational myths of western civilization in her novel Flights, constitutes a fresh feminist critique of modern subjectivity and a bold proclamation of the need to embrace a new type of a model traveler: the "feminist nomad," who is much better suited to the "becoming-world" of twenty-first-century cosmopolitanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Criticizing social relations and portraying the conditions and how society passes through historical crises is one of the most important uses of literature. The travelogue is the story of objective or subjective observations of the author, who also reviews various social aspects during the narration. The travelogues of Ebrahim Beyg and Masalek Al-Mohsenin are among these books that were published some time before the constitutional revolution. And it has had a significant impact on the popular movement during the revolution. The writers' effort to inform people and adapt modernity to Iran's traditional culture has turned into an ideological and reformist movement. This article With the aim of discovering social and critical themes, it deals with the content and comparison of the two mentioned works from the perspective of the sociology of literature. The most important outcomes of the research is that thinkers such as Talebof and Maraghei are trying to adapt a new form of modernity to Iranian and Islamic society and culture. In this regard, they have described the current situation first and, then, the pathology of that situation, the ways out of that situation, and drawing the desired situation is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Drawing on Anees Jung's Night of the New Moon: Encounters with Muslim Women in India (1993) and Nighat Gandhi's Alternative Realities: Love in the Lives of Muslim Women (2013), two contemporary anglophone travel narratives documenting the lives of Muslim women, the article explores the cartography of feminine Islam in the Indian subcontinent and argues that both authors, in mapping the geography of Muslim women, take inspiration from Rihla narratives, the medieval Islamic genre of travel literature. It explores how the generic esthetics of Adab-al-Rihla (travel literature) resonate with the esthetics employed by the authors in their "eye-witness" accounts of Muslim societies: how journeys in search of Muslim women bring the traveler close to Talib-e-'ilm (knowledge-seeker) of Rihla, how, through their discoveries, the authors reclaim the domain of knowledge production, how the narratives, by incorporating everyday and commonplace, along with 'aa'jaib and nawadir (strange and rare), remediate sublimity of the genre, and how do the authors map secular and sacred in Muslim geographies raising questions about the spaces that women inhabit. Furthermore, it investigates how, by revealing the feminine, both texts contest the inherent masculinity of Rihla tradition and challenge the hegemonic narratives about women and lived Islam in the subcontinent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arrival of a pirate ship in Loch Craignish in 1720 was an episodic occurrence, which introduced a local community in Argyllshire to the process of globalisation, a process marked by the transoceanic movements of people, goods and ideas. For literate Scots, the wider horizons of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries were opened up by novels, travel literature and newsprint. While reading material stimulated the mind and promoted discussion about matters of global interest, actual commodities from overseas variously engaged all the senses. Globalisation became an active rather than a passive experience. Sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste affected all, from the social, commercial and intellectual elites to the woman in the field and the man in the street in early modern Scotland. Nevertheless, public knowledge of where colonial commodities came from became distanced by time. A global awareness of place was retained in families and communities overtly engaged in mercantile and military adventuring, especially when accompanied by death whether through natural causes, misadventure or mortal combat. Illicit activities had a no less profound impact. Indeed, covert people trafficking, enslavement, smuggling, shipwrecking and piracy had a more local immediacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) investigated the influence of mobile application attributes on customer engagement with travel booking apps in China. Data were collected from 453 Chinese users of travel booking apps through an online questionnaire; descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. The results showed that mobile app attributes such as perceived usefulness (ß = .193, p < .001), relative price advantage (ß = .253, p < .001) and interface design (ß = .225, p < .001) had a positive influence on consumer engagement with the travel app. Furthermore, app attributes including perceived usefulness (ß = .246, p < .001), perceived ease of use (ß = .245, p < .001), relative price advantage (ß = .281, p < .001) and interface design (ß = .209, p < .001) were positively and significantly associated with satisfaction. In addition, satisfaction (ß = .204, p < .001) was found to positively influence customer engagement with the travel booking app. Finally, satisfaction played a mediating role in the relationship between app attributes and customer engagement. This study contributes to the TAM and travel booking application literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article revisits Ecuador. A Travel Journal (1929) by Henri Michaux (1899-1984) and argues that unfamiliar or uncanny writing techniques, techniques that should not be in the text due to them being useless to travel, and which cannot be valued for their mimetic imprecision, are key to understanding the text by means of their witty status. The tools used for analysis include theory of emotion, in addition to the theory of the "witty writer," as Giordano understands it, without ignoring a certain critical tradition of travel literature such as Van den Abbeele (1992), Said (1978) and Musgrove (1999). The central idea proposes that "wittiness" in this travel journal is the best key to experiencing the text as opposed to mimetic theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies one of the most emblematic Maghrebi ribāṭ s (Ṣufī outposts, residences, and centers guidance) in the Islamic West as a prime manifestation of collective Sufism, both in terms of its seminal role in history, at least up until the Portuguese invasion of the Moroccan coasts in the fifteenth century, as well as the importance of its founder, Abū Muḥammad Ṣāliḥ (d. 631/1233), who also founded the ṭarīqa al-mājariyya , a dominant force in the social and religious life of the Maghrib al-Aqṣā. One of this walī Allāh 's most significant acts of renewal was the revival and consolidation of the Hajj amid a period characterized by an acute lack of security in the Mediterranean due to the Crusades, thus countering the legal opinion of a range of revered Maghrebi scholars, including Ibn Rushd al-Jadd, the chief qāḍī of Almoravid Córdoba. This study focuses on two central aspects: on the one hand, the Ribāṭ of Safi and its historical evolution, and, on the other, the role of the Mājariyyūn in organizing and institutionalizing the Hajj under the Marinids, which makes Safi a unique case in the history of the ribāṭ s of the Maghrib al-Aqṣā. Regarding the second aspect dealt with in the study, we would like to clarify that our aim is not to analyze Maghrebi travel literature but rather to highlight the singular role played by the Mājariyyūn in reinstating journeys of pilgrimage to the Islamic holy lands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the fall of 1965, Carmen Laforet made a three-month trip to the United States at the invitation of the U.S. government. Her impressions of the country were portrayed in Paralelo 35, which was intended to be an "objective account of adventures and encounters." Despite the claim of objectivity, these travel chronicles do not hide the writer's admiration for the freedoms and rights enjoyed by American society, thus contrasting with Spain under Franco, the frame of reference from and for which Laforet writes. This essay identifies several rhetorical tools that allow us to read in Paralelo 35 the author's emerging critical perspective through the tension between the portrait of the United States as an example of progress and democracy versus the lack of freedom in Spain. Connecting with scholars who recognize in Laforet's work elements of dissidence with Francoism, I propose that Paralelo 35 reflects the search for narrative formulas that would allow to convey a critical message while securing publication in an editorial world strictly controlled by censorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the intersection of general premises, approaches in Spanish as a Foreign Language (ELE), and travel literature in Umbria, proposing didactic strategies for educational contexts. It emphasizes the relevance of travel literature as a multidisciplinary tool that enriches the understanding of geographical, historical, and cultural narratives. By analyzing different travelogues, the article investigates how these texts can be exploited as valuable resources not only for teaching geography but a foreign language too, providing insights into environmental changes and cultural interactions over time. The findings suggest that integrating travel literature to promote language acquisition not only enhances learners' linguistic skills but also fosters their intercultural competence. Finally, the study advocates for a didactic framework that exploits travel narratives to develop engaging and meaningful learning experiences in ELE classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the incorporation of Amerindian loanwords into Early Modern English through travel literature, a genre that made essential contributions during the Age of Discovery. Specifically, it focuses on those texts included in the third volume of Richard Hakluyt's The Principall Nauigations (1589), the first great travel compilation written in English, which contains reports of New World expeditions and, thus, descriptions of a faraway, unknown environment rife with unknown elements whose indigenous names were adopted and reproduced in the adventurers' narratives. This collection of texts constitutes the corpus of study. The article is a follow-up to Rodríguez-Álvarez and von der Fecht-Fernández's study (2024) on the integration of the Amerindian loanwords introduced by the authors compiled in The Principall Nauigations into the first English dictionaries, which yielded 25 Amerindian loanwords, like cacao, maguey and sapota. But, what kind of words were they? And, how were they explained to English readers? In order to find answers, this work classifies the Amerindian terms in question according to the lexical fields into which they fall. In addition, these borrowings are analysed in their contexts to determine the strategies used by English travellers to explain their meanings to readers unfamiliar with the new words. Finally, the study compares these strategies and the definitions for the same words recorded in 16th-, 17th- and 18th-century dictionaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The following article concerns Polish reportage of 20th and 21st century. The discussion focuses on the elements of fiction genres transferred into a documentary form. One of such genres is what author calls a novel of the road. It comprises several kinds of old novel, like Greek and Roman adventure novels, Spanish, French and English rogue and picaresque novels, sentimental novels, some examples of chivalric romances with parody of Miguel de Cervantes. They can be divided into two variants: the one with the protagonist feeling strange in the space he travels through, and the other with the hero feeling a kinship with the surroundings (the latter is typical of the sentimental kind and some romantic poems based on the travel). A reportage usually consists of a mixture of both variants. It is discussed here by using examples taken from various periods in the history of Polish reportage: texts by Ksawery Pruszyński, Melchior Wańkowicz, Michał Choromański, Wanda Melcer, Ryszard Kapuściński, Krzysztof Kąkolewski, Jacek Hugo-Bader, Agnieszka Pajączkowska, and Michał Książek. The discussion concentrates on the fundamental features of those texts and contrasts them with the opposite model. What author particularly cares about are not only the formal differences, but also a specific worldview inscribed in reportage of the road, concerning subject, his or her knowledge, interrelations with the others, and setting in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Between 1485 and 1487, the Patriarch of Aquileia sent the bishop of Caorle (Italy) to the Alps-Adriatic region to re-consecrate churches, chapels, and cemeteries that had been desecrated during the Turkish invasions. Among the travelers was the bishop’s private secretary, Paolo Santonino (ca. 1440–1507). He kept a diary of the journeys and recorded not only ecclesiastical matters but especially the daily meals served to the travel group. Since the travelers were of high status, the dishes were primarily late-medieval haute cuisine, as many recipes matched contemporary culinary literature. The preparation of these dishes presupposed culinary experts (e.g., chefs) and connections to trade networks, supplying the kitchen with exotic spices and ingredients. Books and other written forms of expert knowledge were also needed, and local products had to meet the high standards of sophisticated consumers. In the 1400s, the demands of these consumers were changing as foodstuffs from the Mediterranean were being introduced to the north of the Alps (e.g., asparagus, lettuce, saffron, spinach). This paper looks at the Alps-Adriatic region as a connecting area of this transformation process, focusing on particularly favorable areas such as the Illyrian Climate Region. It discusses the potential of Santonino’s Itinerarium by analyzing culinary and dietetic knowledge, local food production and consumption, and people involved in regional culinary practices.

In her autobiographical novel Baby Driver. A Story About Myself (1981), Jan Kerouac, the little-known daughter of renowned writer Jack Kerouac, recounts a tumultuous life journey drawn largely from her own personal experience. This article explores the shifting lines between Jan Kerouac and Jack Kerouac, revealing profound fractures in the vertical line, or lineage, between father and daughter. Moreover, Jan Kerouac’s nomadic life is linked to another disrupted family line, that between her and her stillborn daughter. This fractured line of vulnerability and disenfranchised grief underlies the narrative, shaping the way Jan Kerouac navigates through the world. The text captures her chaotic life on the road as well as her search for catharsis through writing. Despite Jan Kerouac’s unique perspective, her work has been largely overlooked, especially in the context of women’s road narratives. This study puts forward the case that Jan Kerouac's work is deserving of more visibility in the landscape of travel literature.

The following article concerns Polish reportage of 20th and 21st century. The discussion focuses on the elements of fiction genres transferred into a documentary form. One of such genres is what author calls a novel of the road. It comprises several kinds of old novel, like Greek and Roman adventure novels, Spanish, French and English rogue and picaresque novels, sentimental novels, some examples of chivalric romances with parody of Miguel de Cervantes. They can be divided into two variants: the one with the protagonist feeling strange in the space he travels through, and the other with the hero feeling a kinship with the surroundings (the latter is typical of the sentimental kind and some romantic poems based on the travel). A reportage usually consists of a mixture of both variants. It is discussed here by using examples taken from various periods in the history of Polish reportage: texts by Ksawery Pruszyński, Melchior Wańkowicz, Michał Choromański, Wanda Melcer, Ryszard Kapuściński, Krzysztof Kąkolewski, Jacek Hugo-Bader, Agnieszka Pajączkowska, and Michał Książek. The discussion concentrates on the fundamental features of those texts and contrasts them with the opposite model. What author particularly cares about are not only the formal differences, but also a specific worldview inscribed in reportage of the road, concerning subject, his or her knowledge, interrelations with the others, and setting in the world.