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This article analyses reproductive labour in everyday utopias. Everyday utopias refer to spaces and practices that experiment with alternative forms of life and create new social imaginaries. Drawing on ethnographic research in three everyday utopias in Finland, the article argues that labour plays a key role in transformative politics by prefiguring socially and ecologically sustainable forms of life not conducive to capitalist logic. The article brings together feminist social reproduction theory and utopian studies to shed light on different forms of reproductive labour in everyday utopias. It identifies four forms of labour: manual, affective, mnemonic and experimental. In particular, experimental labour foregrounds the importance of everyday utopias as sites of political imagination in which novel forms of life are actively developed and tried out. The article concludes by suggesting that everyday utopias subvert conventional understandings and practices of labour and social reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cette étude présente une réflexion sur l'habitation d'un lieu et la constitution d'un « Soi territorial », dans le contexte de la vie et du travail « paysan ». L'hypothèse est alors posée d'une possible « psychopathologie de la (dé-) territorialisation », selon laquelle un « non-lieu », générateur de non-sens, peut se trouver impliqué dans une dynamique suicidaire en lien spécifique avec la dimension territoriale du Soi et l'habitation impossible d'un lieu. Les aspects cliniques et psychopathologiques sont appréhendés dans la perspective du lien entre certains « paysans de tradition » et leur lieu de vie, au regard de l'empreinte réciproque entre psychisme et territoire. Cette réflexion exploratoire permet d'orienter des recherches cliniques auprès d'agriculteurs en souffrance en marge des « troubles psycho-sociaux » habituellement recensés. Les limitations et impasses induites par des processus dissociatifs, ou mélancoliques sont rapportés soit à une défaillance de la Présence, compromettant la construction d'un monde habitable, c'est-à-dire territorialisable, soit à l'hostilité d'un monde réfractaire à la dynamique d'un processus de territorialisation, et donc inapte à permettre d'y séjourner. Ces considérations ouvrent une perspective originale de recherches qualitatives visant à appréhender les rapports entre altération des assises territoriales du Soi et intentionnalité suicidaire. This study presents a reflection on the inhabitation of a place and the constitution of a territorial Self,' in the context of 'country' life and work. The hypothesis is then put forward of a possible 'psychopathology of (de-)territorialization,' according to which a 'non-place,' generator of meaninglessness, may be involved in a suicidal dynamics specifically linked to the territorial dimension of the Self and the impossible inhabitation of a place. The clinical and psychopathological aspects are examined from the perspective of the link between certain 'traditional farmers' and the place where they live, with regard to the reciprocal imprint between psyche and territory. This exploratory study will provide guidance for clinical research into the suffering of farmers who fall outside the scope of commonly identified 'psycho-social disorders.' The limitations and impasses induced by dissociative or melancholic processes are related either to a failure of Presence, compromising the construction of a habitable world, i.e. one that can be territorialized, or to the hostility of a world that is resistant to the dynamics of a territorialization process, and therefore unfit to allow us to dwell in it. These considerations open up an original perspective for qualitative research aimed at understanding the relationships between alteration of the territorial foundations of the Self and suicidal intentionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Just before the First World War, the largest French shipping line operating in the Indo-Pacific, the Compagnie des Messageries Maritimes, reported that 44 percent of its personnel were non-Europeans. Made up of French colonial subjects and foreign citizens, this workforce hailed from across the layover ports of the empire's Indo-Pacific steamship highways. Portrayed by French labor leaders as strikebreaking scabs, and by the large shipping companies as docile peons, these "indigenous" seafarers were largely erased from French imperial and labor history before the First World War. Mobilizing archives from France, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam, especially ships' logs from the 1880s to the 1910s, this article reassesses the place of the French empire's Asian and African seafarers within an intensifying labor movement and an incipient imperial security state. Revisiting everything from mobile acts of outright rebellion to subtly assertive practices of placemaking, the article argues that indigenous seafarers had begun forging a disruptive politics of mobile labor well before the First World War. Their ability to wield power in the face of stigmatization and precarization, the article suggests, points to the underexplored tensions between the "New Imperial" French state and the subcontracted shipping lines on which it depended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how the mainstream media and many Liberal and Conservative federal politicians marshalled narratives of Indigenous oil and gas workers during large-scale mobilizations against the Coastal GasLink pipeline in the winter of 2020. The author identifies a dominant vision of Canada as a technologically capable nation of people who work hard to derive wealth from the land, and the author shows how narratives about Indigenous oil and gas workers became important parts of this vision. The author interprets these findings through the writings of Indigenous resurgence scholars as well as through work in science and technology studies that documents and theorizes the co-constitution of dominant technoscience, colonial power, and the ethical stances towards work and land that both require. Through this interpretive lens, the author invokes the historical example of the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railroad to highlight continuities between the discourse from 2020 and older discursive, institutional, and material assertions of colonial power. In 2020, the mainstream media and many politicians' narratives about Indigenous oil and gas workers helped naturalize the idea that working hard to extract value from land is a universally shared stage in human development through which all peoples must pass. This helped legitimize mechanisms of assimilation by presenting them as meaningful steps in the process of reconciliation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dados - Revista de Ciências Sociais is the property of DADOS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annales Historiques de la Révolution Française is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annales Historiques de la Révolution Française is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The last decade has seen unprecedented changes in working forms, not the least through technological innovation while leisure time is equally reshaped by platforms. Although relatively new, the gig economy – temporary work mediated through platforms – is increasingly an important form of employment globally and consequently, the gig economy is represented in popular culture. Popular culture is part of social-technical-spatial relations making these important spaces in digital geographies. However, digital content, for example from streaming programs, is often not considered in labour geography studies. By conducting ethnographic content analysis and doodling ‘think-with’ work on Beforeigners, a piece of speculative fiction from Norway, I explore how storytelling conjoins parallel digital practices. I show storytelling as a kind of softening of ground narrating technological-spatial relations and demonstrates how, from this Nordic example, storytelling is part of the continuative geographical ordering of work forms in digital spaces and places. Exploring other sites of digital spaces highlights the ways digital geography is multi-layered, inter-relational and gradient, and demonstrates the need to go beyond established sites of inquiry to understand the gig economy as a social-technological-spatial relation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precarious economic conditions, low pay, layoffs, and dwindling job security motivated journalists to organize in record numbers in the 2010s and 2020s. Cohen and De Peuter's 2020 research on newsworkers' motives and organizing strategies in digital newsrooms finds that economic, political, and cultural factors play a role. Pay equity, a more diverse and inclusive newsroom, and a voice in editorial and strategic decision-making are often cited as arguments for union membership. This monograph asks how newsworkers assess the effect of unionization and guild membership on their work, working conditions, and culture. Interviews with 45 journalists in 16 U.S. newsrooms with unions, both established and recently organized, suggest that several goals, such as pay equity, diversity, and inclusion, have not been achieved. Nevertheless, the act of organizing and the managerial work accomplished by union leadership in the newsroom is creating both institutional change and opportunity. A parallel organizational culture is emerging that mitigates poor leadership and human resource management and serves as training ground for a new class of journalists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to assess the quality of life and how to return to work after burns in adults. We conducted a monocentric, observational, prospective and open study in an intensive care burn unit. Patients aged between 18 and 65 years old were enrolled. Quality of life was assessed with Burn Specific Health Scale-Brief (BSHS-B). A total 118 patients were included with one delayed death. There were 55 flame burns. Median age was 39 years, median total burn surface area (TBSA) was 5% and median length of stay was 11 days. After management in the intensive care burn unit, 84 patients were discharged home and 33 to a rehabilitation care department. We sent 117 queries and got 56 answers. Median BSHS-B score ratio was 142/160. The most impacted items were heat sensitivity, body image, treatment regimens and work. Simple abilities were also affected with up to 28% of patients having difficulties with everyday actions such as cleaning oneself. Regarding return to work, 32% of workers lost their full-time job and 18% were downgraded as disabled. The outcome was worse for those patients who had to go to rehabilitation. Our data suggest that even small burns may strongly impact quality of life and limit the ability to return to work. Our results are consistent with previous published studies, which found greater alteration of quality of life with larger TBSA. These results call for care in specialized centers even for limited burns, especially in the case of functional area involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le travail au sein d’une organisation n’est pas un fait isolé. C’est un fait collectif qui s’exécute en équipe. Tous les acteurs y participent dans le seul but d’atteindre les objectifs de l’organisation. L’utile contribution des uns et des autres à l’atteinte des objectifs des organisations professionnelles est le souci constant des dirigeants d’avoir des équipes fortes et dynamiques. Le présent article est le fruit d’une recherche menée auprès des travailleurs des quelques entreprises congolaises en vue de déceler leur disposition d’arrêter momentanément le travail pour suivre des sessions de formation. Il s’agit des déterminants ou des ressources psychologiques que disposent des travailleurs d’arrêter momentanément pour faire autre chose. Dans la plupart des cas, ces ressources diffèrent d’une personne à une autre.

Le travail au sein d’une organisation n’est pas un fait isolé. C’est un fait collectif qui s’exécute en équipe. Tous les acteurs y participent dans le seul but d’atteindre les objectifs de l’organisation. L’utile contribution des uns et des autres à l’atteinte des objectifs des organisations professionnelles est le souci constant des dirigeants d’avoir des équipes fortes et dynamiques. Le présent article est le fruit d’une recherche menée auprès des travailleurs des quelques entreprises congolaises en vue de déceler leur disposition d’arrêter momentanément le travail pour suivre des sessions de formation. Il s’agit des déterminants ou des ressources psychologiques que disposent des travailleurs d’arrêter momentanément pour faire autre chose. Dans la plupart des cas, ces ressources diffèrent d’une personne à une autre.

Contemporary airport automation often takes the form of self-service interfaces which transform the work tasks of check-in and boarding. In effect, such interfaces redistribute substantive and complex service labour to passengers. This article rethinks contemporary automation through the lens of the interface and examines how such automation constitutes a spatially-extended and more-than-technological assemblage that reconfigures labour across the consumer-worker divide. Rather than drawing clear lines between agential humans and technical things, we examine human elements of the interface as also having technicity within the spatialities of automation. Drawing on interviews with passenger services personnel at the two largest airports in Beijing, China, we find that at self-service interfaces airport workers step out of the way to allow passengers to step up, interfacing directly with 'back-end' airport digital infrastructure previously limited to paid personnel. In place of routine transduction, the work of check-in and boarding agents becomes regulatory, i.e. assisting, trouble-shooting and understanding: the work that cannot be automated. This work includes handling those passengers that self-service interfaces exclude: passengers who stray from – or cannot adhere to – the form of the generic, skilled and legible PAX. In closing, we consider this paper's implications for future research on automation, spatiality and labour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article argues for attention to the affective investments that motivate working people’s life choices in contemporary China by tracing the materiality of the development of aspirations in a rapidly developing context. Turning to the work of Bernard Stiegler, the article contends that for working people, the demand to labour is based not just on the alienation of the means of production (savoir-faire), but also the means of living a good life (savoir-vivre), which is displaced into a future made knowable within the material world in the present. The article shows how the developmental standard-making that produces senses of progress and legitimizes aspiration, thus compelling economic action, is alienated within the materiality of working people’s rapidly changing worlds. By referencing these temporal displacements, developmental subjects assess their own presents by comparison, justifying difficult circumstances by making progress tangible. Understanding the mechanics of aspiration and cultures of labour is vital in light of critiques by labour geographers of the equation of labour agency with traditional, formalized labour politics, as there remains much work to be done to understand how and why people become workers in the first place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les personnes présentant un trouble neurodéveloppemental comme les personnes autistes sont souvent confrontées au chômage ou au sous-emploi. Ceci peut être expliqué notamment par leurs difficultés à appréhender de manière adaptée différentes situations sociales et en particulier à utiliser des habiletés sociales. Or obtenir et conserver un emploi a une influence importante sur la qualité de vie des personnes, c'est pourquoi il est nécessaire de s'intéresser aux possibilités d'entraîner ces habiletés sociales. L'objectif de cet état des lieux est de passer en revue les différentes méthodes d'entraînement des habiletés sociales et de prendre en compte l'essor des nouvelles technologies dans ce type d'intervention. Il existe différentes méthodes pour entraîner les habiletés sociales comme les histoires sociales, les scripts sociaux ou la modélisation par la vidéo. Certaines de ces méthodes peuvent être adaptées spécifiquement au monde du travail. Le développement des nouvelles technologies, en particulier l'utilisation d'outils numériques comme la tablette ou la réalité virtuelle, représente une véritable opportunité en proposant des interventions adaptées aux spécificités de la personne et accessibles dans la vie quotidienne. Accompagner les personnes présentant un trouble neurodéveloppemental à trouver un emploi et à le conserver est un enjeu sociétal important. Les caractéristiques du monde du travail augmentent les défis spécifiques des personnes autistes dans la sphère des interactions sociales. Proposer l'entraînement des habiletés sociales de travailleurs autistes est important pour faciliter leur intégration. L'utilisation des nouvelles technologies s'inscrit dans la volonté de personnaliser encore plus la prise en charge de ces personnes. People with disabilities and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autistic people, often face unemployment or underemployment. This can be partly explained by their difficulties in social situations and in particular in the use of social skills. Obtaining and keeping a job has an important influence on the quality of life of individuals, which is why it is necessary to look at the possibilities of training these social skills. The objective of this review is to examine the different methods of social skills training and to take into account the rise of new technologies in this type of intervention. There are different methods to train social skills such as social stories, social scripts or video modeling. Some of these methods can be adapted specifically to the work environment. The development of new technologies represents a real opportunity by proposing more personalised and accessible interventions in people's daily lives, for example, through the use of digital tools such as tablets or virtual reality. Helping people with disabilities find and keep a job is an important societal issue. The characteristics of the work environment increase the specific challenges of people with neurodevelopmental disorders in the sphere of social interactions. Providing social skills training to workers with disabilities is important to facilitate their integration. The use of new technologies can help to personalise even more the care of these people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ce travail de recherche part du constat de l’impensé de la santé des populations, ici des travailleurs, dans les planifications touristiques (Fleuret & Jouault, 2018). Cet article propose d’appréhender l’espace vécu par les travailleurs de la restauration en contexte touristique à travers leurs déterminants de santé, à partir d’une étude de cas réalisée au sein de l’espace touristique insulaire de Majorque, aux Baléares, en Espagne.Quelles sont les caractéristiques socio-spatiales de l’espace touristique capables d’influencer la santé des travailleurs du tourisme ? Pour répondre à cette problématique, les travailleurs de la restauration sont utilisés comme prisme des travailleurs du tourisme. Des éléments de réponses à cette question sont proposés en s’appuyant sur un travail de terrain de sept mois sur l’île de Majorque, en Espagne, qui a donné lieu à une étude qualitative basée sur les techniques de l’observation directe (Arborio & Fournier, 2021) et la conduite d’entretiens semi-directifs. Cette étude qualitative s’appuie sur un cadre analytique construit à partir de la liste des déterminants de la santé utilisés dans leur dimension socio-spatiale.

En partant de la question des différents paradigmes du rapport à la Terre, notamment dans le contexte de la théologie, qui conduit à un paradigme d’intégration complexe proposé par Laudato si’, cet article vise à comprendre le rapport à la Terre en partant de son impact sur la dimension de la corporéité, notamment à travers le travail. C’est précisément dans l’articulation entre corps, travail et Terre qui est proposée une approche de la pensée de Simone Weil.

Tout homme est perçu non seulement par son corps, mais aussi par son agir, une entité à la fois somatique, spirituelle, psychique et même mystique. La compréhension de son comportement même observable exige des approches variées et spécifiques. Dans cette perspective, cette étude consiste à présenter les anti-valeurs qui assaillent l’inspection Générale du Travail congolais, empêchant son bon fonctionnement, une étude portant sur la dimension éthique ou valeurs professionnelles que doivent intérioriser les inspecteurs et contrôleurs du travail pour mieux remplir leurs missions, à savoir : contrôler, conseiller et concilier. Ainsi, cette étude représente le bien-fondé des valeurs éthiques que doivent intérioriser les agents et cadres de l’inspection du Travail congolais en qualité d’acteurs majeurs, pouvant aider les partenaires sociaux, à savoir : l’Etat, les employeurs et les travailleurs à gagner le pari du développement du pays à travers les actions leur dévolue, de révolutionner en bien le monde professionnel congolais et d’être artisan de la paix sociale dans le monde du travail et militant de la justice sociale. Il s’agit ici, d’une étude intégrante de l’être capable de changer le monde à l’aide de ses valeurs de référence déontologiques et éthiques.

Etant une occupation intimement liée à la vie humaine, l’emploi stabilise et valorise tout humain actif dans tous les domaines : psychologique, sanitaire et social. C’est là que l’emploi est souvent confondu au travail. Manquer de l’emploi joue un rôle contraire : la déstabilisation de la vie de l’homme à des peines des antivaleurs, au risque de la prison, voire la mort. Et les jeunes filles, démographiquement toujours plus nombreuses et plus fragiles que les garçons, ont plus des besoins intimes que modaux. Nécessitant de l’emploi donnant des moyens conséquents, les filles sans emploi sont plus exposées. Cette réalité a été scrutée aux filles de Beni. L’article montre d’effets négatifs de manque d’emploi, même partiel, et de proposer des solutions.

In 1987, seven years after its publication in France, the inaugural book by Christophe Dejours, "A loucura do trabalho, estudo de psicopatologia do trabalho" ("Travail, usure mentale: de la psychopathologie à la psychodynamique du travail"), was published in Brazil. At the time, Brazil was undergoing a period of redemocratization, with an emphasis on social rights, including the social values of work. This context provided fertile ground for the book's reception. The work had a significant impact by proposing a way to understand normality and illness in the workplace from a perspective that went beyond simplistic causal models. Similarly, the book highlighted the role of the collective in health and in carrying out the work, fueling reflections that overcame solipsistic approaches to the issue and supported various research and interventions on Brazilian reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This thesis analyzes the conditions and possibilities of emancipation at work through a study carried out over five years in the oil ports of Fos and Lavera. It is based on an ergological approach to respond to the company's needs and implement a policy of primary prevention of psychosocial risks. Afterwards, by expanding the field of intervention and introducing "dialogue interviews", the thesis argues that emancipation at work is not only possible but is essential for the well-being of workers. Therefore, an alternative perspective to that of suffering and alienation at work is proposed. The results of this research lie at the intersection of methodological, philosophical and political domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes collective dynamics as one of the ways to understand the precarious nature of the experiences lived currently by workers. The result of two analytical exercises is presented: the first refers to exploring the notion of precariousness associated with the concept of informality in the evolution of Latin American social thought and as an operator for the study of contemporary work and precarious work experiences, considering the subjective dimension. The second, to reflect on the multiple meanings of the collective in these experiences, presenting the findings of the review of research carried out in the last decade. As a result of the interplay of these (meta)analytical paths, it is concluded that collective dynamics occupy a key place in job insecurity and its possibilities for transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose to systematize the reasons for our circumspection with regard to certain uses of the notion of "subjectivity", particularly in the analysis of the relationship with work activity. Although notoriously ambiguous, this notion, stemming from philosophy, has come to the fore in recent years, reactivating certain controversies. We analyze scientific productions that make use of this notion, particularly when it allows us to set out a "conceptualized panorama". Intervention models inspired by this approach are also reviewed, helping to clarify certain debates. Secondly, we discuss theoretical-methodological and intervention models that are part of an epistemic community founded on the conviction, emancipated from the notion of subjectivity, that advances in scientific disciplines defining work activity as their object of study, emerge from their encounter with experiential knowledge. The text insists on the heuristic character of comparative analyses. It also calls for vigilance in the face of the often-indiscriminate use of the notion of subjectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This thesis analyzes the conditions and possibilities of emancipation at work through a study carried out over five years in the oil ports of Fos and Lavera. It is based on an ergological approach to respond to the company's needs and implement a policy of primary prevention of psychosocial risks. Afterwards, by expanding the field of intervention and introducing "dialogue interviews", the thesis argues that emancipation at work is not only possible but is essential for the well-being of workers. Therefore, an alternative perspective to that of suffering and alienation at work is proposed. The results of this research lie at the intersection of methodological, philosophical and political domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking as a starting point the question of the different paradigms of relationship with the Earth, particularly in the context of theology, which leads to a paradigm of complex integration proposed by Laudato si’, this article aims to understand the relationship with the Earth based on its impact on the dimension of corporeality, namely through work. It is precisely in the articulation between body, work and land that an approach to Simone Weil’s thought is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines an understudied dimension of transnational mobilities and ageing: namely, the experiences of ageing parents who take on short-term informal jobs during their extended visits to their migrant offspring abroad. Based on ethnographic research with ageing parents in Brazil and their accounts of short-term (visitor) transnational mobilities and paid work in the United States, where their children have emigrated, the article examines how older parents on a visitor ('tourist') visa take on short-term jobs and how their work and earnings abroad make them feel empowered. The article draws on a spatio-temporal analytical framework to discuss how migrants' temporal and spatial journeys are shaped by their ability to mobilize resources such as trusted transnational networks and translate these into transnational spaces of opportunity. The article concludes that through these specific configurations of time and space older adults are able to make use of their own work to improve livelihoods for themselves and their families, which they recount as enabling and empowering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes women from the Spanish Republican exile of 1939 to France through a case study, examining migrations and exiles from a gender perspective. Migration and refugee movements pose contemporary challenges that need to be understood historically. We observe that labour integration into host societies is one of its most critical aspects, and it also has its own gender dimension. Therefore, we will explore how migration studies in history have examined the relationship between gender and labour, proving to be valuable in revealing the agency of migrant women. Finally, we will critically review the historiography concerning women in the Republican exile of 1939 and the gaps that persist regarding the labour dimension of their experiences, offering some interpretations and suggesting future lines of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L’économie des sociétés noires africaines a connu un profond bouleversement à partir de l’ère coloniale. Suite à l’essor du commerce occidental sous la dynamique du capitalisme, elles deviendront une fonction particulière de l’économie mondiale. Aussi, les politiques économiques héritées de la colonisation resteront dans cette logique économique qui dénote également une conception de l’identité sociale, car le capitalisme est la fille d’une culture spécifique, le libéralisme. L’échec de ces politiques, manifeste à travers la précarité des sociétés, impose de repenser ce que l’économie pourrait signifier en Afrique noire pour un renouveau des politiques économiques. C’est pourquoi cette réflexion, par une démarche sociohistorique, mobilise le paradigme marxien de l’émancipation du travail pour réaffirmer la dimension fondamentale du soin dans l’économie et suggérer des perspectives pour un renouveau. Parce que l’économie participe à la construction des identités locales, cette approche aboutit à la nécessité d’endogénéiser les outils économiques en Afrique noire, à travers la création de monnaies locales et la diversification des activités pour opérer une transformation durable vers une économie multicentrée, gage de résilience pour les sociétés humaines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Population (00324663) is the property of Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Le texte propose une analyse de l'acte de manger chez Emmanuel Levinas. Plus spécifiquement, nous nous concentrons sur le manger et le travail. Le manger et le travail sont deux types d’appropriation possibles du monde par l’ipséité. Notre but est de décrire les deux types d’appropriation du monde chez Emmanuel Levinas et de les comparer. On en tirera des possibles conséquences pour une pensée écologique dans la conclusion parce que le manger éfface les frontières entre l'humain et le non-humain. Il s'agit d'un essai écologique de déconstruire le rapport entre l’humain et le monde, qui se montre dans l’acte de manger.

À partir d’un travail d’entretien ethnographique et d’entretiens semi-directifs réalisés sur des grands chantiers du bâtiment en région Sud et auprès de différents travailleurs, cet article propose une géographie des chantiers à l’échelle micro-locale. Les chantiers y sont compris comme des lieux de travail où se déploient à la fois des mécanismes de contrôle visant à assurer une productivité maximale des travailleurs, et des tactiques mises en place par ses derniers visant à faire des chantiers des lieux personnels et collectifs. Afin d’étudier ce double processus, l’article examine les chantiers au prisme des notions de dispositif et d’appropriation spatiale.

Copyright of Annuals of the Administration & Law / Roczniki Administracji i Prawa is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza Humanitas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The world of work is one of the most striking exponents of the challenges faced by transgender (or trans) people, configuring one of the main spheres of exclusion and interdictions in the experiences of this group. Based on this understanding, the present study aims to review national scientific productions on the work of transgender people, specifically those published in article format. Through searching in the main national databases of scientific publications, 38 articles were selected on this topic. These articles were characterized using an analytical protocol. Their findings were categorized into four axes that led to discussions and reflections on Brazilian production about the work of trans people. The results and analyses allowed us to identify contributions, trends, and gaps in dealing with the topic, which reinforces the need for new research in this area, especially considering the potential of the work to contribute to the social inclusion of the trans population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dans cet article, les contrats de travail signés au Tennessee par les propriétaires fonciers et les affranchis sont placés au centre d'une étude sur un paradoxe de la liberté aux États-Unis. Nous soutenons l'idée que la santé des affranchis – qui comprend les soins médicaux, la subsistance et la protection physique – se négocie durant et après la guerre de Sécession dans le but d'assujettir les intérêts des Noirs, de l'État et des propriétaires terriens à un idéal de relations sociales de production régi par la liberté, le droit et le marché. En examinant les contrats de travail et leurs clauses médicales, nous revisitons l'approche médico-politique qui a maintes fois conduit les historiens à la thèse de l'échec de la Reconstruction. Nous plaçons aussi la famille noire dans le processus d'émancipation et de production par la voie des contrats et d'une relecture de la « culture de la dissimulation » proposée par l'historienne Darlene Clark Hine il y a plus de trente ans. Enfin, nous nous éloignons d'une lecture qui réduit les contrats à la seule oppression dont étaient victimes les Noirs après la guerre de Sécession. En complément, nous invitons le lecteur à examiner les débats sur la citoyenneté qui ont suivi la ratification du treizième amendement. This article places the labor contracts signed in Tennessee by landowners and freedmen at the center of a study of a paradox of freedom in the United States. The text argues that freedmen's health – which included medical care, sustenance, and physical protection – was negotiated during and after the Civil War with the goal of subjugating the interests of blacks, the state, and landowners to an ideal of social relations of production governed by freedom, law, and the market. Through an examination of labor contracts and their medical clauses, the article revisits the medical-political approach that has repeatedly led historians to the failure of Reconstruction. It also places the black family in the process of emancipation and production through contracts and a rereading of the "culture of dissemblance" proposed by historian Darlene Clark Hine over thirty years ago. Finally, the article moves away from a reading that reduces contracts to the oppression blacks faced after the Civil War. As additional input, the article invites an examination of the debates over citizenship that followed the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lingan strike of 1882–83 was the last in a series of strikes over a two-decade period on Cape Breton Island's Sydney coalfield. With the use of untapped local sources, this article reconstructs the history of this understudied strike within a broader history of social relations on the coalfield. The migration of labourers from the island's backland farms – predominantly from Highland enclave settlements – to the coal mines played a decisive role in shaping the era's new coal mining villages and the character of social conflict. By the early 1880s, structural change associated with National Policy industrialism was eroding the old authority of the coal operators, and miners embraced the Provincial Workmen's Association (pwa) to advance their claims in long-standing and highly localized contestations. Ultimately the coal communities themselves imposed the emergent trade unionism. The Lingan strike marked a transition to a new political order on the coalfield, structured by the place of the coal mines within the wider Cape Breton countryside and built upon a powerful localism and moral economy that recast the public sphere and the miners' place in it. La grève de Lingan de 1882-1883 était la dernière d'une série de grèves sur une période de deux décennies dans le bassin houiller de Sydney, sur l'île du Cap-Breton. S'appuyant sur des sources locales inexploitées, cet article reconstruit l'histoire de cette grève peu étudiée dans une histoire plus large des relations sociales sur le bassin houiller. La migration des ouvriers des fermes de l'arrière-pays de l'île – principalement des colonies d'enclaves des Highlands – vers les mines de charbon a joué un rôle décisif dans la formation des nouveaux villages miniers de l'époque et le caractère du conflit social. Au début des années 1880, le changement structurel associé à l'industrialisme de la politique nationale érodait l'ancienne autorité des exploitants de charbon, et les mineurs ont adopté la Provincial Workmen's Association (pwa) pour faire valoir leurs revendications dans le cadre de contestations de longue date et très localisées. En fin de compte, les communautés charbonnières elles-mêmes ont imposé le syndicalisme naissant. La grève de Lingan a marqué une transition vers un nouvel ordre politique sur le bassin houiller, structuré par la place des mines de charbon dans la campagne élargie du Cap-Breton et construit sur un localisme puissant et une économie morale qui refondent la sphère publique et la place des mineurs dans celle-ci. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Trabalho & Educação is the property of Work & Education of the Graduate Program, Faculty of Education, Federal University of Minas Gerais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cet article analyse la contribution potentielle de l’élevage de précision à l’amélioration des conditions de travail des éleveurs engagés dans une démarche de transition agroécologique. L’agroécologie ne conduit pas forcément à de meilleures conditions de travail (temps de travaux, complexité et charge mentale, savoirs). Les technologies de précision pourraient aider à la transition agroécologique des élevages en réduisant les charges de travail, en donnant plus de souplesse dans les horaires ou encore en aidant à la gestion de situations complexes. Cependant, pour d’autres dimensions du travail à enjeux pour la transition agroécologique – l’autonomie décisionnelle, le rapport aux animaux et à la nature –, des réserves et des questionnements subsistent. Nous concluons que plus que les fondements de l’agroécologie et de l’élevage de précision, parfois antagonistes, parfois complémentaires, c’est bien la façon dont les éleveurs vivent leur travail qui sera important à prendre en compte pour que les technologies du numérique soit un réel support à la transition agroécologique.

Based on the intense demands of caring for others, present in the context of hospital urgency and emergency, this paper explores the work practice of care that physicians perform in this situation. The reflection has the ethics of care in Psychoanalysis as a guiding axis, which matches up with the goal of humanizing care, currently in force in the National Policy for Humanization. It presents the narratives of four resident physicians as witnesses of the undeniable subjective effects undergone in these professional experiences. It concludes that it is essential to implement public policies and institutional actions that take into account the effective caring for the caregiver, thus establishing the validity of another logic not restricted to technical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La survenue d'un rhumatisme inflammatoire chronique (RIC) peut induire de forts retentissements psychologiques et/ou sociétaux, lesquels ne sont pas toujours devinés par les soignants. Ces conséquences peuvent être mieux repérées et évaluées par des scores distincts de ceux servant à quantifier l'activité somatique des RICs : score HAD (anxiété et dépression), score RAID-7, score de catastrophisme, et score FABQ (de peur des douleurs et du mouvement). Le profil de personnalité des patients peut aussi être mieux cerné par le test du Big-five , et par le score d'alexithymie (difficultés à exprimer ses émotions) de Toronto. Les croyances des patients quant à leur RIC peuvent enfin être explorées par le questionnaire QUAD. Il est aussi bienvenu de s'enquérir des retentissements familiaux et professionnels du RIC, pour prévenir des ruptures par rapport au mode de vie antérieur. Celles-ci résultent parfois d'un déni de la pathologie ou de ses conséquences. Une dépression peut nécessiter plus que l'avis de psychologues et motiver l'introduction précoce de traitements anti-dépresseurs. Ces prises en charge holistiques n'ont prouvé leur utilité que dans les formes sévères de RICs, mais elles doivent être proposées au tout début de la pathologie, sans attendre que les patients s'installent dans la dépression, l'anxiété, le catastrophisme, voire la désocialisation. Des 'consultations d'annonce' en présence de proches sont très bienvenues pour explorer, mais encore plus écouter, les patients, à chaque fois que le diagnostic d'un RIC est formellement posé, a fortiori si l'activité de celui-ci est d'emblée élevée, ou si le pronostic parait péjoratif. The onset of inflammatory chronic rheumatisms can lead to severe societal and psychological consequences, not always guessed by care providers. They can be more reliably detected and assessed by various scores, different from those used to quantify the clinical activity of rheumatisms: HAD score (anxiety and depression), RAID-7 score, catastrophizing score, and FABQ score (fear and avoidance beliefs score). Patients' personnalities can also be more finely screened by the big-five score, and their abilities to express their feelings by the alexithymia score of Toronto. Some wrong beliefs regarding their disorder can be questionned through the QUAD questionnaire. Consequences of the rheumatisms on work and family life are also critical points. Early interventions may be worth to avoid losses of jobs and desocializations. Some depressive moods may require more than psychological support, and the use or anti-depressants and/or psychiatrist help. Such holisitic care has yet proved to be useful only in the most severe cases, but they should be implemented very early, before patients face chronic depression, anxiety, catastrophizing and loss of social contacts. Consultation to announce the diagnosis with patient and its relatives can therefore be very useful, to better assess their needs and listen to them, each time a diagnosis of chronic rheumatism is firmly made, especially if the activity of the disorder is high and the prognosis seems rather poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Cesarean section is an increasingly common life-saving procedure in obstetrics. The objectives of this study were to identify the factors associated with the decision to perform a cesarean section in the labor room and to determine the therapeutic and obstetric practices that can increase the probability of giving birth by high way. Methods: This was a case-control study conducted in the gynecology-obstetrics department of the General Hospital of Bonzola (HGR) in Mbujimayi from May 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021. The target population consisted of all low-risk parturients. The logistic regression model on epi-info 7.2.0 software was used to determine the predictive factors for the indication of caesarean section among parturients. Results: Indications for cesarean section were dominated by stationary dilatation with 56.2% of cases and ARCF with16.7% of cases; an Apgar≤ 3 and a birth weight ≥ 4000g were retained as essential neonatal characteristics for cesarean section in labor. After multivariate analysis by logistic regression, a Bishop score < 6 with unfavorable cervix,dilatation < 3 cm on admission, and therapy done with oxytocin, artificial rupture of membranes, and G10% during labor were identified as risk factors for cesarean section in labor. Conclusion: Certain factors predict the risk of cesarean section in parturients at low obstetrical risk. Knowledge of these risk factors may allow practitioners to prevent it or to better prepare patients for this procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressed to Philosophy teachers, this text sums up the contributions offered by a university training aimed at filling the blanks on what is known about work. By revisiting concepts such as subject, values, health and norms... it is defended that all work, and even all human endeavor, is always, to different extents, one's use of self and use of self by others. This may provide a generic work definition. However, it is noticed that knowledge "by others" rules the work activities in detriment to the knowledge at the core of "one's use of self". This would introduce an historical version of work, presenting it as a constraint, as it is characterized in social categories where inequalities stand out. The origin of this historical perspective is then questioned, suggesting that such drift from work is undoubtedly central to the anemia of current democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This writing aims to identify and analyze needs and reasons in the meaning of the Vector concept in the Civil Engineer profession, delimited by the following issue: what are the necessary confrontations in the training of an Engineer, considering the conceptual significance of Vector, for a professional performance which contemplates the indicatives proposed by the DCN? For that, we considered as analysis instruments a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview with Civil Engineering Course students. The questionnaire was sent via Google forms to all Civil Engineering Course graduates registered in the Graduate Program of an Educational Institution since 2015. The semi-structured interview was carried out with five academics of the course, which was carried out via Google Meet, and the transcripts constituted the second instrument of analyzing this production. Both instruments - questionnaire and interview transcripts - were analyzed considering the stages of the ATD by Moraes and Galiazzi (2016). The theoretical basis of this study was Leontiev's Activity Theory (1978). The analyzes carried out indicated that, in order to face the needs of training that contemplates the new curricular guidelines and that enables a training process with conceptual significance, it is necessary that the educational activity, restructure and adapt to new market demands, providing a process of more significant teaching, with articulation between the disciplines and proposition of activities that mobilize the concepts in situations of professional practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]