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High-resolution remote sensing (RS) image data were used to identify commercial and industrial (C&I) origins and destinations (O/D). Imperviousness, derived from a RS-based land cover classification, is utilized as a surrogate for C&I locations. Imperviousness is quantified using three parameters that indicate the percent of impervious surface in a block of interest and in surrounding blocks, each quantified through an intensity of red, green, or blue. The three parameters are combined in a meaningful way through the combination of the intensity of the three colors to represent which impervious surfaces are associated with C&I locations. A block size analysis was performed to determine the block size that best differentiates between C&I and non-C&I locations. Training sites were used to develop a land cover classification with two classes--C&I or non-C&I, that incorporates the color variations associated with C&I locations, including the impact of boundaries. An accuracy assessment was performed by comparing C&I/non-C&I designations with actual land use. C&I O/D are of use in determining travel distances and as a measure of transportation system accessibility. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9488(2006) 132:2(104) CE Database subject headings: Urban planning; Transportation management; Remote sensing; Imaging techniques.

A strategy has been presented to address conflicts that may arise in implementing smart growth initiatives in the face of the growing importance given to controlling nonpoint source pollutants. These pollutants are the result of urban development and subsequent storm water runoff and are regulated under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Phase I and Phase II storm water requirements. The strategy is based on utilizing EPA's newly promulgated Water Quality Trading (WQT) Policy that seeks tradeoffs between development in different portions of a watershed. The strategy is consistent with regulatory requirements in providing a means to maintain compliance with water quality criteria in all portions of a stream, while providing a community with the flexibility to allow continued development in economically important areas. The strategy can be applied on a community-wide basis or in individual locations to support individual smart growth projects. Issues that must be addressed before WQT can be implemented are identified, along with potential solution strategies. Although additional effort is necessary to implement WQT for smart growth, a framework has been established upon which subsequent work can be built. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9488(2005)131:4(258) CE Database subject headings: Water quality; Runoff; Stormwater management; Nonpoint pollution; Geographic information systems; Watershed management; Regulations.

Waste sorts were conducted during each of the four quarters (or seasons) of 1996 at the City of Columbia Sanitary Landfill. A detailed physical sampling protocol was outlined. Weight fractions [...]

A strategy for developing sediment transport information for storm water planning and management is described. The strategy links location-based and intensity-based development scenarios with potential water quality impacts to a stream system and at a watershed outlet and (1) is based on sediment transport calculations; (2) develops information that supports community decision making; and (3) is consistent with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Phase II storm water requirements and other guidance on watershed management. The strategy is an effort to incorporate the impact of site-specific watershed characteristics into storm water ordinances. This effort was undertaken to provide a rational means for a community to differentiate the sediment contributions from alternative scenarios at alternative locations. One of the options available with differentiation information is the ability to negotiate and approve pollutant 'trades' between different development practices in different locations such that water quality standards are maintained throughout the trading area. The Agricultural Non-Point Source (AGNPS) pollutant modeling system was used in the community of Ashland, Mo. to provide an example of the methodology. CE Database subject headings: Watershed management; Hydrologic models; Storm water management; Nonpoint pollution; Remote sensing; Geographic information systems; Sediment transport; Water quality.

High-resolution remote sensing (RS) image data were used to identify commercial and industrial (C&I) origins and destinations (O/D). Imperviousness, derived from a RS-based land cover classification, is utilized as a surrogate for C&I locations. Imperviousness is quantified using three parameters that indicate the percent of impervious surface in a block of interest and in surrounding blocks, each quantified through an intensity of red, green, or blue. The three parameters are combined in a meaningful way through the combination of the intensity of the three colors to represent which impervious surfaces are associated with C&I locations. A block size analysis was performed to determine the block size that best differentiates between C&I and non-C&I locations. Training sites were used to develop a land cover classification with two classes—C&I or non-C&I, that incorporates the color variations associated with C&I locations, including the impact of boundaries. An accuracy assessment was performed by comparing C&I/non-C&I designations with actual land use. C&I O/D are of use in determining travel distances and as a measure of transportation system accessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]