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Ichtyological Communities of Baoule River in Mali. For updating of the fish fauna, ichthyological investigations were carried out on the Baoulé river in the Niger river Basin in Mali. Experimental and artisanal fishing were carried out on the main sites of the river with active and passive fishing materials. The indices of diversity and equitability were calculated. The Baoule river was rich in 75 species, 44 genera and 20 families. Specific diversity and the equitability in the superior part of the river were higher than those of the other localities. Sixty-four species were identified on the upper part of river against 58 and 50 species in middle and inferior parts, with in common 39 species. Mormyridae, Cyprinidae, Mochokidae, Alesttidae, Cichlidae were the most represented families. Clarotes laticeps (Rüppell, 1829); Labeo parvus Boulenger, 1902; Gymnarchus niloticus Cuvier, 1829; Synodontis courteti Pellegrin, 1906; Brevimyrus niger (Günther, 1866), Cyphomyrus psittacus (Boulenger, 1897); Hyppopotamyrus pictus (Marcusen, 1864), Petrocephalus bane (Lacépède, 1803); Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier, 1829); Polypterus bichir lapradei Steindachner, 1869; Polypterus endlicheri endlicheri Heckel, 1849; Protopterus annectens annectens (Owen, 1839) were represented in the upper part. Pellonula leonensis Boulenger, 1916; Nannocharax occidentalis Daget, 1959; Paradistichodus dimidiatus (Pellegrin, 1904) were found only in the lower part. The results will serve as references for the fish fauna and also to guide decision for future development on the Baoule river.

Studies were conducted in five districts of Burkina Faso, West Africa from November to December, 1996. The objectives aimed at establishing spatial distribution and quantifying the level of damages on peanut pods by soil arthropods, termites and millepedes. Twenty seven samples of 100 pods each were taken from farmers' stocks in each district, which made a total of 135 pod samples examined. Damage was determined in each district by counting scarified pods by termites and perforated pods by millepedes and converting obtained numbers in percents. Results show that termites and millepedes cause damages throughout the five districts, with termites causing damages, as high as 30-40 % in some districts, compared to damages caused by millepedes which rarely exceeded 3 %. While damage degrees by termites were found to vary with districts, distribution of millepede damages was fairly uniform throughout the study area. The observed differential distribution of termite damages is thought to be due to farmers growing susceptible varieties in eastern districts, varieties such as Te3, proven to be highly susceptible to termites. Neither peanut pod weight, nor grain weight was significantly correlated with damages by termites and millepedes. However, it is highly likely that damages by the two soil arthropods increase grain contamination by the known carcinogenic substance, aflatoxin, by allowing pod penetration and grain invasion by the aflatoxin-producing fungus, Aspergillus sp. This suggests that there is an urgent need for efficient control methods to be developed and applied, not only to reduce peanut yield loss, but also to help preserve human health. One of these methods could be the use by local farmers of resistant varieties which have been shown by several authors to be efficient against termites and millepedes. Such varieties include Ncac 2243 and Ncac 343.

Copyright of Mali Médical is the property of Mali Medical, Faculte de Medecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-stomatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mali Médical is the property of Mali Medical, Faculte de Medecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-stomatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Crop Science Journal is the property of African Crop Science Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mali Médical is the property of Mali Medical, Faculte de Medecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-stomatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic hyperglycemia which can be discovered with specific organic complications particularly affecting the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and vessels. Globally, the prevalence of stroke in people with diabetes is approximately 10%. Objective: Study the epidemiological and clinical aspects of stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methodology: We made a descriptive and analytical study by a retrospective survey over a period of 10 years, in the department of internal medicine at the university Hospital ofPoint G. We focused on all hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes, in whom the diagnosis of stroke was retained. Results: At the end of the study 24 patients out of 492 diabetes hospitalized in to the period met our inclusion criteria, representing a frequence of 4.9%. The mean age was 64.67 ± 13.409 years with a sex-ratio of 1.4. The reason for hospitalization was muscle weakness in 54.2% of patients. Eighty-seven point five percent (87.5%) of patients were already known to have diabetes before the weakness. Stroke was the mode of discovery of diabetes in 12.5%. Over 70% of our patients had hyperglycemia at the time of admission. Ischemic stroke was seen in 75% of patients. Conclusion: Stroke is a great complication of diabetes witch, can be a way discovery of type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mali Médical is the property of Mali Medical, Faculte de Medecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-stomatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mali Médical is the property of Mali Medical, Faculte de Medecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-stomatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) complicate most operations in developing countries. A variety of germs is responsible for it. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of surgical site infections and the bacteriological profile. Patients and methods: We conducted a prospective study for descriptive purposes. The included patients were treated between August 2016 and July 2017 in the Surgery B department of the University Hospital Center Point G. The study population consisted of all patients operated on and hospitalized for at least 72 hours. Patients who had an infection of the operative site were retained. The incidence of ISOs, the different bacterial strains and their susceptibility to antibiotics were studied. Data was analyzed on SPSS 12.0. Results: The incidence of surgical site infections was 4.7%. The median age of the patients was 29.5 ± 4.34, the sex ratio was 1.66. The average time to onset of infections was 7.33 days. Of the samples taken, 4 bacterial strains were identified: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinobacter baumanii and Enterobacter spp. Isolated strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to Cefotaxim, Amikacin, Nitrofurantoin, but resistant to Ceftriaxon, Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid. The species of Acinobacter baumanii and Enterococcus spp. Were sensitive to Colistin, but resistant to Ceftriaxone, Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid. Conclusion: Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are the main germs of the generally antibiotic-resistant ISOs commonly used in the service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mali Médical is the property of Mali Medical, Faculte de Medecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-stomatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The diabetic foot wound is a real public health problem, 10% of the reasons for hospitalization. The risk of amputation is 10 to 30 times higher in diabetics than the general population. Objective: To study the problem of amputations of the diabetic foot. Method: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study that took place in the Department of Medicine and Endocrinology of the Mali Hospital from July 1st, 2016 to June 30th, 2017. Results: Twenty-five (25) diabetic patients were enrolled in our study. The sex ratio was 0.66. At admission, 100% of our patients had arterial disease, 96% neuropathy, and mixed foot in 80%. Poor glycemic control in 64% of patients; osteitis in 52% of cases; 92% of the patients had a 100% amputation risk according to the University of Texas classification. Nearly half or 46% of patients had amputations in the leg. We recorded 1 death case that is 4%. Conclusion: The problem of amputation of diabetic feet is a function of the poor equilibrium and progressive neurological and vascular complications of diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of acute surgical abdomens at the Koutiala Reference Health Center. Patients and method: This was a prospective and descriptive study from August 1, 2017 to May 31, 2018. It included all patients operated on for acute abdomen in the General Surgery Department of the Koutiala Reference Health Center. The study did not include the nonoperated surgical acute abdomens, the non-surgical acute abdomens. Clavien-Dindo classification was used to evaluate complications. Results: One hundred patients were registered. Acute surgical abdomens accounted for 8.4% of consultations (n = 1190), 27.7% of surgical procedures (n = 361) and 70% of surgical emergencies (n = 142). The average age was 34.4 years ± 18.5. Men were in the majority with 70%. The mean duration of change in symptomatology was 4.8 days ± 5.4. Patients consulted for abdominal pain (100%), fever (60%), vomiting (88%) and discontinuation of materials and gases (32%). The physical examination noted abdominal distension (53%), abdominal contracture (36%), abdominal defense (56%) and pain in the cul de sac of Douglas (95%). X-rays of the abdomen without preparation and abdominopelvic ultrasonography contributed to the diagnosis in 46% of cases and 18% of cases, respectively. Acute appendicitis (35%) was the most common etiology followed by acute peritonitis (31%) and acute intestinal obstruction (15%). We performed an appendectomy in 45 patients (45%), resection anastomosis (15%) and excision-suture (13%). The average duration of hospitalization was 4.7 days. The morbidity was 12%. According to the Clavien-Dindo classification, 9 patients were grade III and 3 grade V. The mortality was 3%. Conclusion: Acute surgical abdomens are the most common emergencies in our practice. The diagnosis is clinical and para-clinical most often. Morbidity and mortality remain elevated. The outcome of treatment depends on early management and mastery of abdominal surgery techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]