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This article provides the first comprehensive empirical analysis of global profit repatriation as a mechanism of uneven development, thereby challenging the development model of Foreign Direct Investment. Between 2005 and 2020, transnational corporations repatriated an annual average of one trillion USD, corresponding each year to 4.2% of the global FDI stock. Net profit flows take on a centripetal form: the biggest net losers are middle‐income countries such as the Russian Federation, Brazil, and Nigeria; the winners are a few high‐income countries, above all the United States. By analysing the impact of profit repatriation on accumulation dynamics in net profit exporting and importing countries, and by examining the exploitative conditions under which profits are generated in the former, we situate our findings in current theoretical debates on uneven development and geographical transfer of value, as well as on the intertwining of capitalism's class and geographical antagonisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper sheds new light on the question of how to build a tax model for online advertising and digital companies. Policy measures to tax transnational companies, including digital companies, should be based not only on the question of where and how much value is generated, but also on the question of who generates how much value. The legal definition of ‘digital permanent enterprise’ used in the context of online company taxation should be built on the understanding that only human labor creates the economic value of commodities. To counter the dominance of non-profit monopoly platforms on the Internet, the creation of public Internet services is a viable policy option. Introducing an online advertising tax is an ideal financial foundation to support the creation of public service Internet platforms and civil society Internet platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Filosofija, Sociologija is the property of Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

IntroductionThe dramatic nature on contemporary crisis of global political and economic architecture is determined by two factors: the deep degradation of nation-state systems of political and economic management and unfinished construction of the new system of global geo-economics relevant to the ongoing political transformations. The synergy of the two factors formed the effect of chaotization of economically important geographic and sectorial industrial environments. That factors explains the fact that the economic interdependence interrelationships that were regarded earlies as critical were dismantled so easy.Purpose and importanceThe significance of the research is emphasized by starting phases of structural transformations of the system of global politics and economics that we witness at this point taking into consideration that Russia is a part of the global system despite the special status of the country. And it is necessary to address the on-going changes and a historical process. The goal of the article is to deconstruct the underling mechanisms that US and transnational elites use to manage the global geo-economic trends through the transition to system of economic regionalization.MethodsThe article is part of the research that author conducts since 2019. The intermediate results of the study were published in several major scientific, political and discussion platforms. The taken article is based upon the generalization of the experience of the global geo-economic transformations that are reflected in the different formats of the institutionalization. The analysis involves a wide circle of analytical and experts’ assessments regarding the perspectives of development of the global economic architecture.ResultsThe main scientific result of the article is to reconstruct the global geo-economic architecture that was planned for development in the period of mature America-centric globalization. The critical breakpoints that jeopardized the integrity of the global geo-economic environment are formulated. And in those breakpoints the scenario of «force geo-economics» can be employed. The variants of the post-crisis re-institutionalization in the neo-global world are outlined.Development and discussionThe article is the means to outline for the discussion the authors’ conclusion that are based upon the reflection of the period of dismantlement of the economic system of the mature globalization. The research creates a basis for clarification of the perspective status of the geo-economic periphery and semi-periphery which becomes a vital segment of the world economy. The article supplements the research emerged in Russia and in the West that addresses the issue of the new economic geography of the neo-global world. The article also gives the opportunity to clarify the perspective niche that Russia can occupy in the perspective geoeconomic architecture.

Doing business internationally means facing a complex international business environment. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of business diplomacy in transnational corporations as a mechanism for managing complex interactions with governmental and non-governmental organizations. The purpose of the study is to develop basic recommendations for business diplomacy integration in the domestic companies’ activities based on the definition of its role in transnational corporations. The methodological basis of the study was formed by the papers of Russian and foreign scientists. The main functions that are in the area of business diplomacy responsibility have been defined. The main advantages for transnational corporations provided by business diplomacy, the importance of which is more realized in a weak institutional context, have been highlighted. Based on the parameters described by H. Ruël, T. Wolters, and R. Loohuis in “Business Diplomacy in Multinational Corporations”, the activity of Merz, which operates mainly in aesthetic medicine, has been analyzed from the point of implementing the principles and means of business diplomacy. Recommendations have been provided for multinational corporations to integrate the business diplomacy principles into their activities in order to increase its effectiveness. The authors concluded that business diplomacy strengthens a company’s position in the market, helps to expand its influence, and contributes to its development.

AbstractForeign companies, including transnational corporations (TNCs), have shown disloyalty toward their hosts in sub-Saharan Africa by, among other things, scaling back strategic expansion plans, closing operations, and shifting income-generating activities to different countries. Therefore, the current study examines the influence of the economic business environment on TNCs’ loyalty in Tanzania. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data was collected from 131 executives of TNCs in Tanzania. The measurement model was verified by confirmatory factor analysis. Hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression analysis. Results indicate that through income level, saving rate, consumer confidence level, and employment rate, the economic business environment of the host country has a positive and significant influence on TNC loyalty towards the host country. The labor costs have a negative and significant influence on TNC loyalty. TNC loyalty, however, is not significantly influenced by interest rates or excise duty. The current investigation’s findings contribute to the theoretical concept of loyalty, close a gap in the literature, and make an effort to advance knowledge of the host nation’s economic business environment’s effect on TNC loyalty. Policymakers should ensure policies that elevate key aspects of the economic business environment, specifically high income, savings rates, consumer confidence, employment rates, and policies that lower labor costs.

Environmental governance of transnational corporations is a global challenge. On one hand, these corporations can contribute to environmental protection through ecofriendly technologies and equipment. On the other hand, their activities can lead to environmental degradation and pollution. This article explores China's due diligence legislation for environmental governance, including historical perspectives and future prospects. Chinese administrative law, relevant regulations, and the guidelines issued by Chinese trade associations are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces the concept of geopolitical decoupling in global production networks (GPNs). Geopolitical decoupling is imposed on coupling participants by geopolitical forces that pressure transnational corporations to exit host regions/economies by cutting investment, production, and trade links with host country firms and industries. It also aims to disrupt inside-out trade, investment, and production links of host country firms abroad. The article identifies the basic features of geopolitical decoupling, the central role of states in geopolitical decoupling, the strategic responses of firms to deal with decoupling pressures, and the state strategies to cope with the negative effects of geopolitical decoupling in affected regions/economies. Empirically, the article investigates geopolitical decoupling on the example of the Iranian automotive industry, which experienced three geopolitical decouplings from automotive industry GPNs since 1979. It demonstrates the short- and long-term effects of geopolitical decoupling and recoupling on the Iranian automotive industry in the context of the strategic responses by the state and the political struggles over the nature of the state industrial development policy in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Jurídica (0103-3506) is the property of Revista Juridica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the increasing prevalence of for-profit residential care, with a particular focus on Great Britain, while also drawing on the international evidence from the Global North. Comprising a critical review of the published evidence (both academic and grey literature), the article seeks to examine what might explain the rising prevalence of and the possible associated impacts of the increase in for-profit provision. The findings indicate that the rise of for profit-companies among residential child care providers appears to have occurred by default, rather than explicit policy design. Our analysis also highlights gaps in the knowledge base about the quality of care and whether better quality is associated with the type of provider. Furthermore, the relationships between provider, quality, cost and outcomes are unclear. There are inconsistencies in the evidence base, with different conclusions being reached. However, available evidence tends to suggest the increased prevalence of for-profit residential child care providers has had an overall negative, rather than positive, effect. The best case in favour of the continued use of for-profit residential care is currently a non-moral pragmatic one: that in countries with medium and high prevalence of the use of residential child care, it would be hard to sustain care systems if for-profit providers were to suddenly withdraw or be withdrawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and the activities of TNCs in less developed regions (LDRs), which can lead to a break in value chains and to an increasingly complex division of labor, more complex decisions on location and directions of regional development. The author presents different types and mechanisms of FDI in more developed regions (MDRs) and in LDRs. The main approaches to FDI in the LDRs, developed in economic theory, are evaluated. Attention is drawn to that that international production and FDI will have significant implications for the LDRs in the near future. The development of factory automation is likely to reduce the feasibility of low labor costs, low-cost locations, which, in turn, will lead to increased reuse, attraction of resources in high-tech industries and a decrease in the level of added value of services. Increasing digitalization of supply chains is likely to lead to the emergence of more complex global production networks, the expansion of international production in both low-tech industries and higher value-added services. Increased automation and digitalization, trends in regional integration towards more stable local and regional sources of supply, and a push to become less dependent on imports of strategic goods undertaken by more developed regions (MDRs) are likely to lead to stronger organization of production networks on a macro-regional scale. The article urges experts to continue researching FDI in the face of uneven development.

This article explores the increasing prevalence of for-profit residential care, with a particular focus on Great Britain, while also drawing on the international evidence from the Global North. Comprising a critical review of the published evidence (both academic and grey literature), the article seeks to examine what might explain the rising prevalence of and the possible associated impacts of the increase in for-profit provision. The findings indicate that the rise of for profit-companies among residential child care providers appears to have occurred by default, rather than explicit policy design. Our analysis also highlights gaps in the knowledge base about the quality of care and whether better quality is associated with the type of provider. Furthermore, the relationships between provider, quality, cost and outcomes are unclear. There are inconsistencies in the evidence base, with different conclusions being reached. However, available evidence tends to suggest the increased prevalence of for-profit residential child care providers has had an overall negative, rather than positive, effect. The best case in favour of the continued use of for-profit residential care is currently a non-moral pragmatic one: that in countries with medium and high prevalence of the use of residential child care, it would be hard to sustain care systems if for-profit providers were to suddenly withdraw or be withdrawn.

It has been found that the world flagship of financing innovation activities are TNCs, which, due to the high level of concentration of investment potential, have the opportunity to finance capital-intensive innovation projects related to the modernization of the most high-tech industries and basic information and telecommunication technologies. It is proved that the selection of sources and methods of financing the innovation activity of TNCs depends on the stage of the life cycle of an innovative product, which makes it possible to timely eliminate the deficit of financing by diversifying the sources of financial and investment support for research, development and approbation of prototypes of equipment and technologies. Studies have shown that the financing of innovation activities in American, European and Japanese TNCs is marked by their distinctive features based on the structure of sources of funding for research and development, in particular the participation of the State in this process. It is determined that Ukraine needs an innovative model of transformation of the post-war economy in order to eliminate at an accelerated pace the terrible consequences of the armed invasion of russian aggressors, to modernize energy-intensive segments of the national economy, to ensure the mass introduction of modern innovative technologies in all phases of the reproductive process and to use the existing production and technical potential of regional economic complexes to straighten territorial imbalances of the socioeconomic development. It has been found that the main catalyst for innovative transformation of regional economic complexes in Ukraine is the inclusion of TNC divisions in them, primarily in terms of financing the processes of production and introduction of innovative technologies. It is substantiated that in the context of the expediency of implementing the best practices of financing research and development into the domestic practice of innovative transformation of the regional economy, it is worth adopting the South Korean experience, which allowed this country to turn from an industrially backward agrarian country into an advanced country in Southeast Asia in a few decades.

Through the promotion of the human security concept, the UN Development Agency offered an analytical framework that enables the identification of the security problem sources. By monitoring relevant indicators within seven areas essential for people's quality of life, the Human Security concept enables directed action on recognized sources and their elimination. The importance of applying standards of International Organization for Standardization as a platform for creating public policies to achieve sustainable development goals is indisputable. One of ISO's missions is to help developing countries build their capacities in areas such as designing development strategies, technical and operational expertise and familiarizing policymakers with the benefits of applying international standards. Certainly, for the realization of this potential, more active participation of the governments of developed countries is necessary; with their political authority based on economic power, the developed countries would contribute to ensuring that the standards are equally respected regardless of the level of development of a country.

This paper explores the corporate social responsibility (CSR) landscape for Canadian mining transnational corporations (TNCs) in the wake of the landmark decision of the Supreme Court of Canada in Nevsun Resources Ltd v Araya, which settles, as concrete law, the right of foreign victims of transnational torts committed by Canadian TNCs to bring an action in Canadian courts. The paper acknowledges that there has been an increasing tendency by the Canadian government to create, by way of legislation, legal responsibility for some of the corporate behaviours that had been only governed by CSR initiatives. It argues that the right of action established in the Supreme Court decision adds to the introduction of legal responsibility into the realm of social responsibility, thus calling into question the continuing relevance of CSR initiatives for mining TNCs. It concludes that despite the apparent encroachment upon the social responsibility sphere by legal responsibility, CSR initiatives still hold a place of importance for mining TNCs. Canadian mining TNCs will continue to use the CSR front to gain acceptance in local communities, but may now be potentially held legally responsible through extraterritorial litigation in Canada when their activities run afoul of their own CSR creed or programme and/or violate the rights of local people in their host countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the nature, impact, ramifications, and root causes of the corporate-community resource conflict in Anambra's oil-bearing communities. It approaches this objective from the standpoint that such a conflict may be appropriately termed "a legacy of oil transnational corporations" in Nigeria, given their antecedents in the Niger Delta region. Unlike the existing literature that blames such conflicts for the most part on environmental, socio-economic, and political factors, with limited emphasis on the legal factors, this paper takes the position that an unhealthy legal apparatus of the Nigerian state and regulatory gaps in Nigeria's oil industry provide the enabling environment that makes the conflict inevitable. Essentially, this paper tweaks the "resource curse" theory as espoused by mainstream political economists by demonstrating that, apart from greed and grievance, the "curse" is equally underpinned by inept legal structures and regulatory gaps that show little regard for good governance and the well-being of the local people in host communities. But two possible solutions are proffered. One is the institutionalization of a statutory scheme for consultation with the local communities before appropriation of their lands for oil production projects, and the other is encouraging the participation of indigenous peoples or indigenous entities in the development of their natural resources, following the example of Orient Petroleum Resources Plc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we investigate the Metalworkers’ Union of ABC’s decision to prioritize the Global Works Council as its primary international labor strategy Against Volkswagen. To this end, we conduct a case study spanning from 1999 to 2022. Our research methodology comprises four interviews and secondary documents, including corporate records and union newspapers. The research is based on the Theory of Political Confrontation and utilizes the concept of opportunity structure. The findings elucidate that the deployment of the Council, in stark comparison to alternative repertoires, is an outcome of favorable opportunity structures which mitigate the costs of collective action and facilitate the augmentation of workers’ institutional power. In contrast, other forms of organization such as the Global Union and international labor networks entail higher costs and a diminished level of influence, thereby attenuating the incentive for their adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of economic openness on wage dispersion. To this end, using a fixed effects panel model, we evaluate the impact of exports and foreign direct investment (FDI), as well as productivity and education, on wage dispersion in 14 economic subsectors in Mexico during the period 1999-2021. The main findings show that: i) increasing exports tend to diminish wage dispersion; ii) the flow of FDI seems to increase wage dispersion; iii) productivity and the heterogeneity of the productive network are determining factors in the dynamics of average wages. In this context, it is important to implement a variety of industrial and labour policies to effectively absorb the dynamic advantages associated with economic openness, such as the reduction of wage dispersion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Economía is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Derecho Internacional is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Profesores de Derecho Internacional y Relaciones Internacionales (AEPDIRI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The topic of the global governance model is relevant in the modern world in the context of various global challenges and problems. The growing globalization of the economy, politics, culture and other spheres of life creates a need to understand and improve governance models at the level of the world community. The article analyzes the changes in the model of geosociety governance that have occurred under the influence of the development of the sharing and digital economies. The nature of the interaction between states and transnational corporations is determined, as well as the potential place of communities as the owner and source of resource exchange and the subject of global governance in the process of this interaction. That is, the purpose of the study is to understand the trends in updating the global governance model in the process of geosociety transformation. We used a dialectical approach and the method of intellectual inversion, which allowed us to take a comprehensive look at the redistribution of the functions of managing society and geosociety. As a result, it is stated that the green, digital and cryptocurrency transitions are instrumental forms for redefining the model of global management of strategic life resources. The author concludes that the transition to the era of digital coexistence has increased the flexibility of global governance actors and the diversity of their associations through harmonization and restoration of the energy and information balance of the system. The modern complex and, at the same time, fragile and vulnerable construction of geosociety requires the emerging governance system to adhere to the principles of openness, tolerance, dialogic communication and responsibility of all participants in geosocial relations. In general, further development of the socio-philosophical analysis of the global governance model will help not only to better understand the complex interrelationships in the global political and social landscape, but also to contribute to the creation of more effective and fair governance mechanisms at the international level. many aspects, including political, economic, social and cultural factors. Nevertheless, some general principles and directions that can be taken into account when developing such a model should be outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For several decades, transnational (multinational) corporations have been considered significant actors in international relations. It is also an undeniable fact that transnational corporations are economically stronger than many states. They are also increasingly present in situations of armed conflict. On one hand, companies operating in unstable environments are exposed to the violence and consequences of armed conflicts. On the other hand, some of their actions during armed conflicts may lead to violations, particularly of international human rights law. In this paper, however, the authors would like to focus more on the status of the protection of transnational corporations under international humanitarian law. It is possible to put forward the thesis that transnational corporations, having met certain requirements, can enjoy protection under international humanitarian law. Verification of this research thesis requires analysis of issues such as the relationship between international human rights law and international humanitarian law. It also requires the analysis of the legal basis on which the rights of transnational corporations may be founded and their scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human rights promotion and protection is no more the issue of States only. Other non-states actors are directly or indirectly involved in this area. This is even more right for so called rights of second or third generation where States´ activities are interconnected with economic and social stakeholders. Especially, the right to food and right to environment are at stake when speaking about business activities of transnational corporations. The present article discusses the role transnational corporations play in the implementation of right to food and right to environment. Authors first addresses basic interconnections between TNCs´ business activities and right to food and right to environment (1); second they theoretically approach TNCs´ obligation to respect human rights (2), before developing general issues of right to food and right to healthy environment (3). Finally, they pinpoint scenarios of TNCs as duty-bearers with respect to right to food and right to environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst dramatic transformation of international relations, both traditional and new actors are undergoing major changes. The multinational corporations (MNCs), which have dramatically strengthened their positions in the world economy and politics since the middle of the 20th century due to favorable economic environment, as well as their ability to quickly convert considerable material, financial, intellectual and institutional resources into political clout, are no exception. All this points to the need to address MNCs as full-fledged political entities and examine their impact on traditional actors in a changing international context. The first section examines various approaches to conceptualization of the evolution of MNCs as actors of world politics. It also identifies the specifics of their position within the framework of the contemporary international relations system. The author focuses on such trends as digitalization, growing influence of companies with a platform business model, increasing engagement of corporations in addressing global issues, scaling up investments in the host countries’ infrastructure through new formats of public-private partnership, as well as growth in the number of state-owned TNCs. The second section examines the activities of TNCs as political actors in contemporary international relations from two angles. On the one hand, it considers the TNCs’ operations in terms of power, legitimacy and sovereignty that is how these categories manifest themselves in the activities of corporations and their interactions with other actors and society. On the other hand, it poses the question about how various trends in the development of TNCs, in turn, affect the content and essence of these categories. The author concludes that cooperation with TNCs offers national states new economic, social and political opportunities. At the same time, corporations are becoming increasingly autonomous, which can have a serious impact on conventional ideas of power, legitimacy and sovereignty, up to the erosion of the state monopoly on legitimate violence. The latter may have a serious impact on conventional ideas of power, legitimacy and sovereignty, up to the erosion of the state monopoly on legitimate violence. There is thus a pressing need to further study various types of TNCs, their functioning and interactions with individual countries, as well as the impact of new technologies, in particular, artificial intelligence on corporate activities.

Transnational organized crime (TOC) is among the most pressing new challenges to international security due to both its direct economic and social repercussions and the threat it poses to the very institution of the sovereign state. This problem is particularly acute in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), which are marked by exceedingly high rates of TOC activity and influence of cross-border criminal groups. This study identifies current trends in the development of TOC in the region, as well as the approaches of the Latin American countries to combating it. In the first section the author advances a hypothesis that TOC is not an anomaly, but an integral part and an attribute of globalization. From this point of view, cross-border criminal groups may be perceived as a specific kind of TNCs. The second section considers the key trends and specific features of organized crime development in LAC countries. The author shows that cross-border criminal groups and TNCs share a number of common traits. In particular, their activities contribute to the erosion of national sovereignty as they seek to oust states from their sphere of interests by both legal and illegal means. The third section examines the current approaches of LAC countries to combating cross-border criminal groups. The author emphasizes the growing role of the armed forces in fighting organized crime, and the increasing militarization of public security on the whole. On the one hand, this trend towards the ‘policialization’ of armed forces shows that the authorities of Latin American states recognize the threat posed by cross-border criminal groups. On the other hand, it indicates their inability to counter this threat effectively. The author concludes that the TOP problem is unsolvable within the existing system of public relations in LAC countries, since it is rooted in the very nature of the current model of globalization.

Globalization has turned transnational corporations (TNCs) into the key actors in the world economy and at the same time strengthened their political ambitions. In order to establish a monopoly over certain markets, create opportunities for additional revenue growth and geographic expansion, TNCs are actively using a wide range of political instruments, in which various humanitarian projects and initiatives play an increasingly important role. In this context, it seems appropriate to consider the humanitarian activities of TNCs through the lens of the concept of soft power. The first section of the paper examines the views of Russian and foreign experts on the role of political considerations in the humanitarian initiatives of TNCs, as well as on the possibility of achieving a balance between the development goals of host countries and the interests of foreign capital. The author shares the view of those scholars who argue that the humanitarian activities of TNCs can not only create a favorable political climate for the corporation in the host country, but also subtly introduce Western (globalist) narratives into the public consciousness. The second section examines the activities of Nestle in Colombia as an example of effective use of the humanitarian agenda to promote the economic and political interests of TNCs in developing countries. The author shows that within the framework of corporate humanitarian expansion Nestle implemented a wide range of humanitarian projects, which allowed it not only to secure a foothold in the Colombian market, but also to penetrate its political system, as well as to gain opportunities to further expand its political presence in the region. The author concludes that the growing influence of TNCs erodes the government structures and may even put into question the political sovereignty of their host countries. In this context, the Russian authorities should not only be very cautious about the activities of TNCs on its territory, but also provide a clear legal framework regulating the presence of transnational businesses in the humanitarian space of the country. The third section outlines a set of principles that, if implemented, could minimize the opportunity for TNCs to influence political processes in the Russian Federation through the use of various humanitarian actions and projects as a tool of soft power.

The analysis of the phenomenon of the US economic recovery in the period 1993–2001, during which the US economy maintained high rates of growth in all sectors, contributes to a better understanding of the whole range of problems related to the development and functioning of the modern economic system. It is an important prerequisite for the effectiveness of restructuring processes in the national economy and its reconstruction after the end of the full-scale war launched by the Russian Federation on February 24, 2022. The purpose of the article is to study, on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the latest American sources, the characteristic features of the social and economic strategy of domestic policy, the main directions, dynamics and trends of the growth of the USA’s economic power during this period 1993 – 2001 in the context of the world economy. The methodology of the research is based on the critical analysis of the latest American primary and secondary historical sources and scientific literature, on the application of civilizational, problem-chronological, systemic, regional, interdisciplinary approach to the knowledge of the evolution of economic history. The fundamental principles of the article are the principle of historicism, objectivity, scientificіty, unity of positive and normative aspects of science. For scientific comprehension of the problem, comparative, systemic-synergistic, historical-genetic, comparative-statistical methods. The novelty of the research consists in the consideration of the problem in a historical retrospective, theoretical understanding of the fundamental principles of the functioning and development of the US economy as a leading state in the post-bipolar world, the evolution of its theoretical systems in the specified period in the context of globalization processes of the modern world, interrelations and trends in the development of the general civilization process. The research has revealed that at the turn of the two millennia, the United States turned into a leading country in the world, its economic power reached its highest level. The author analyzes the main factors that contributed to this: high level of scientific and technical potential; favorable foreign policy conditions; intensive inclusion of the USA in the world integration processes, strengthening the processes of globalization and internetization of the American economy, its focus on high technologies and higher competitiveness in the world, provision of leading positions in the institutes of world and regional, international economic cooperation and reformation of the system of management.

Copyright of Management & Quality / Zarządzanie i Jakość is the property of Scientific Society of Organization & Management / Towarzystwo Naukowe Organizacji i Kierownictwa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It has been found that the world flagship of financing innovation activities are TNCs, which, due to the high level of concentration of investment potential, have the opportunity to finance capital-intensive innovation projects related to the modernization of the most high-tech industries and basic information and telecommunication technologies. It is proved that the selection of sources and methods of financing the innovation activity of TNCs depends on the stage of the life cycle of an innovative product, which makes it possible to timely eliminate the deficit of financing by diversifying the sources of financial and investment support for research, development and approbation of prototypes of equipment and technologies. Studies have shown that the financing of innovation activities in American, European and Japanese TNCs is marked by their distinctive features based on the structure of sources of funding for research and development, in particular the participation of the State in this process. It is determined that Ukraine needs an innovative model of transformation of the post-war economy in order to eliminate at an accelerated pace the terrible consequences of the armed invasion of russian aggressors, to modernize energy-intensive segments of the national economy, to ensure the mass introduction of modern innovative technologies in all phases of the reproductive process and to use the existing production and technical potential of regional economic complexes to straighten territorial imbalances of the socioeconomic development. It has been found that the main catalyst for innovative transformation of regional economic complexes in Ukraine is the inclusion of TNC divisions in them, primarily in terms of financing the processes of production and introduction of innovative technologies. It is substantiated that in the context of the expediency of implementing the best practices of financing research and development into the domestic practice of innovative transformation of the regional economy, it is worth adopting the South Korean experience, which allowed this country to turn from an industrially backward agrarian country into an advanced country in Southeast Asia in a few decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the promotion of the human security concept, the UN Development Agency offered an analytical framework that enables the identification of the security problem sources. By monitoring relevant indicators within seven areas essential for people's quality of life, the Human Security concept enables directed action on recognized sources and their elimination. The importance of applying standards of International Organization for Standardization as a platform for creating public policies to achieve sustainable development goals is indisputable. One of ISO's missions is to help developing countries build their capacities in areas such as designing development strategies, technical and operational expertise and familiarizing policymakers with the benefits of applying international standards. Certainly, for the realization of this potential, more active participation of the governments of developed countries is necessary; with their political authority based on economic power, the developed countries would contribute to ensuring that the standards are equally respected regardless of the level of development of a country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The responsibility of transnational corporations in terms of human rights violations occuring in their supply chains has been a significant topic of debate in recent years. It is seen that addressing liability within the framework of soft law regulations does not provide sufficient effect on preventing violations. At this stage, the role of national tort rules and the increasing number of binding due diligence regulations in the human rights liability of transnational corporations is being debated. The most comprehensive example of binding national law norms has been drafted in Germany. The Corporate Duty of Due Diligence in Supply Chains Act (Lieferkettensorgfaltsgesetz-LkSG) entered into force in Germany on January 1, 2023. In this study, first of all, the liaison between transnational corporations and human rights will be briefly discussed. Then, the regulatory framework of LkSG in terms of human rights responsibility of companies will be analyzed. Finally, the civil liability of companies will be analyzed from the perspective of the recent decisions of the English courts, which tend to overcome the principle of separate legal personality in the corporate group, as well as the debates in German law. In lieu of a conclusion, the paper concludes with an assessment of the impact of the regulations and decisions on Turkish law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I analyse challenges to manufacturing-led development in the Global South in the context of digitalisation. I look at three phenomena in particular: (1) the rise of digital services as an alternative to manufacturing in achieving economic development; (2) the impact of digital automation technologies on job creation in the manufacturing sector; (3) manufacturing-led development in the context of digital and global value chains. I make two important arguments. The first argument is that the rise of digital services or digital automation technologies do not require a serious reformulation of manufacturing-led development strategies. The second argument is that the expansion of digital and global value chains are empowering transnational corporations headquartered in the North at the expense of industrialisation in the South. Industrial policy and international politics can play a part in mitigating the challenge underscored by my second argument. At the national level, the establishment of state-owned enterprises is a good alternative to development strategies that rely purely on linking up to transnational corporations. At the international level, we need change within organisations that enforce rules of trade in favour of the North, and we need to support agreements and initiatives established by and for the South. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The spread of digital technologies in the everyday life of citizens (social networks, streaming video, messengers) and in the socio-political sphere («smart city», e-government) has led to an increase in the power of transnational corporations specializing in the development and launch of these products and services on the market - digital TNCs. Thanks to the increase in financial power, such firms became actors that were able to influence the political sphere, for example, by influencing the views and attitudes of voters during electoral campaigns or mass protests, collecting confidential user data and providing it to intelligence agencies, etc. The purpose of the article is to characterize digital TNCs as actors with political power. To analyze the activities of digital TNCs at the present stage, the author applied the approach of Marius Busemeyer and Kathleen Thelen, who proposed to consider business representatives as actors with instrumental, structural and institutional sources of power. It is concluded that at the present stage, digital TNCs implement an instrumental and structural type of power, and also have the potential to implement institutional power, which involves the replacement of a number of government functions.

Background: In this article, I utilize the concept of the Plantationocene as an analytical framework to generate a holistic and historical understanding of the present-day struggles of a mostly Haitian migrant workforce on sugar plantations in the Dominican Republic. Methods: Inspired by Paul Farmer's methodology, I combine political economy, history, and ethnography approaches to interpret the experiences of sugarcane cutters across historical and contemporary iterations of colonial, post-colonial, and neo-colonial practices over the course of five centuries. Results: My findings elucidate the enduring power of capitalism, implicating corporate and state elites, as the structural scaffolding for acts of racialized violence that condition the life-and-death circumstances of Black laborers on Caribbean plantations to this day. Although today's sugarcane cutters may suffer differently than their enslaved or wage labor ancestors on the plantation, I argue that an unfettered racialized pattern of lethal exploitation is sustained through the structural violence of neoliberalism that links present conditions with the colonial past. Conclusions: Ultimately, this paper contributes understandings of the plantationocene's enduring effects in the global south by demonstrating how imperialist arrangements of capitalism are not a distant memory from the colonial past but instead are present yet hidden and obscured while relocated and reanimated overseas to countries like the Dominican Republic, where American capitalists still exploit Black bodies for profit and power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human Rights Impact Assessments (HRIA) have become an important tool of corporate governance in the field of business and human rights and, thus, have been embraced by companies in the ICT sector. This was to an extent predictable: for quite some time now, internet companies have been accused of violating human rights through action or omission. In this context, HRIAs appear as a procedural mechanism that may help them make better decisions and, at least, curb criticism. This article seeks to contribute to inquiries into this development by highlighting the regulatory context in which HRIAs emerged within the ICT sector, the institutional history of the tool, its ambiguous genealogy and the challenges and opportunities for its usage in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern Chinese transnational corporations act as leaders in the world markets and have all the prospects for development. Today, the Chinese government seeks to change the status of the country from 'industrial" to "innovative". so it creates an optimal economic atmosphere for work in the country and in cooperation with other countries. China is strengthening its position in the innovation environment through its contribution to R&D and the development of the digital economy. The subject of the study are all aspects of Chinese TNCs’ production, innovation, investment, which make them successful operation on world markets. The aim of the study is to investigate the specifics of TNC activity, to evaluate how Chinese TNCs function in global markets. The objective: to consider the theoretical and methodological basis of the study of transnationalization in the world economy; to determine the essence and principles of the activities of transnational corporations, to study the specifics of the emergence and development of transnational corporations in China; to determine the current state and development prospects of China's TNCs on world markets. The research methodology is based on the application of a systematic analysis of the activities of transnational corporations, statistics and the historical-theoretical background of the emergence of TNCs, as well as the use of abstract research methods, expert assessments, correlation - regression analysis and economic analysis. Results: in this article, based on economic analyses, the role of China’s transnational corporations was assessed, and several priority development areas were identified. Conclusions: Most of China's multinational companies are among the top 500 of Fortune Global 500 and top 100 list of Forbes . Chinese multinational corporations use various strategies to increase competitiveness, especially "mergers and acquisitions", expanding not only the scale of production, but also the spheres of activity. Based on this, it can be concluded that Chinese TNCs have significant prospects for development and leadership in world markets.