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Citalopram is an antidepressant drug, which acts by inhibiting the re-uptake of serotonin from the synaptic cleft into the pre-synaptic nerve ending. It is one of the most common drugs used in treatment of depression, it is highly lipophilic and frequently found in sewage treatment plant effluents and surface waters around the world. Citalopram and other selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors have, at concentrations that occur in nature, been shown to have behavioural as well as physiological effects on fish and other animals. This study is the result of several different experiments, intended to analyse different aspects of behavioural effects of chronic citalopram exposure in fish. Our model species the three-spine stickleback is common in the entire northern hemisphere and is considered to be a good environmental sentinel species. Female three-spine sticklebacks were exposed to 0, 1.5 and 15μg/l nominal concentrations of citalopram for 21 days and subjected to the novel tank (NT) diving test. In the NT test, the fish exposed to 1.5μg/l, but not the 15μg/l fish made a significantly higher number of transitions to the upper half and stayed there for significantly longer time than the fish exposed to 0μg/l. The 15μg/l group, however, displayed a significantly lower number of freeze bouts and a shorter total freezing time. The test for locomotor activity included in the NT test showed that fish treated with 1.5 and 15μg/l displayed a significantly higher swimming activity than control fish both 5-7 and 15-17min after the start of the experiment. In the next experiment we compared fish exposed to 1.5μg/l and 0.15μg/l to pure water controls with regard to shoaling intensity and found no effect of treatment. In the final experiment the propensity of fish treated with 1.5μg/l to approach an unknown object and aggressive behaviour was investigated using the Novel Object test and a mirror test, respectively. The exposed fish ventured close to the unknown object significa

Basándonos en grabaciones de interacciones espontáneas, analizamos en este trabajo una serie de marcadores del discurso empleados en la construcción de habla de contacto, (small talk) –un tipo de habla relacional– (cfr. compilaciones de Coupland 2000a; Placencia/García 2008a) en interacciones de servicio en bares de Sevilla, durante el momento del desayuno. Mostramos la riqueza de formas en uso en la (re)creación de relaciones familiares entre camareros y clientes, que sin embargo, como ilustramos en este trabajo, parece estar supeditada a factores situacionales, entre otros. Así pues, por un lado intentamos con este análisis hacer una aportación a los estudios de habla de contacto en contextos transaccionales, en los cuales los marcadores del discurso han recibido escasa atención; mientras que por otro lado pretendemos también contribuir al análisis de los marcadores del discurso en general. Estos, si bien es cierto que ya han sido extensamente estudiados en múltiples trabajos sobre la lengua española, no han recibido suficiente atención en contextos de servicio. El propósito de la presente investigación es también aportar nuevos datos sobre el modo del que los sevillanos conducen sus relaciones interpersonales en interacciones de servicio en bares pertenecientes a dos contextos diferentes: uno en el que camareros y clientes se conocen, ya que realizan el intercambio comercial de manera habitual, y otro en el que mantienen una relación esporádica., On the basis of recordings of spontaneous conversations in interactions between bartenders and customers in bars in Seville at breakfast time, in this paper we examine a range of discourse markers employed in the construction of small talk –one type of relational talk– (cf. collection of papers in Coupland 2000a; Placencia/García 2008a). We show the wealth of forms in use in the (re)creation of friendly relations in the context examined. However, through our analysis we highlight and attempt to illustrate that the use of such discourse markers is subject to situational variation, amongst other factors. This way, our aim is to contribute to studies on small talk in transactional interactions where discourse markers have been largely overlooked; likewise, we also attempt to make a contribution to research on discourse markers; the latter have been extensively examined in Spanish; nonetheless, the context of service encounters has received scarce attention only. Additionally, the present study offers a window on how people manage their interpersonal relations in service encounters in bars in Seville in two different settings: one between bartenders and clients who are familiar with each other given that they carry out service transactions on a regular basis, and one where they are unknown to each other as their interaction is infrequent.