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While evaluations play a critical role in accounting for and learning from context, it is unclear how evaluations can take account of climate change. Our objective was to explore how climate change and its interaction with other contextual factors influenced One Health food safety programs. To do so, we integrated questions about climate change into a qualitative evaluation study of an ongoing, multi-sectoral program aiming to improve pork safety in Vietnam called SafePORK. We conducted remote interviews with program researchers ( n = 7) and program participants ( n = 23). Based on our analysis, researchers believed climate change had potential impacts on the program but noted evidence was lacking, while program participants (slaughterhouse workers and retailers) shared how they were experiencing and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Climate change also interacted with other contextual factors to introduce additional complexities. Our study underscored the importance of assessing climate factors in evaluation and building adaptive capacity in programming.

Background Clonorchiasis, caused by the fish-borne trematode Clonorchis sinensis, is a neglected tropical disease and a public health issue in endemic countries. In Vietnam, an in-depth analysis of risk factors for the condition is missing up to now. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of C. sinensis infection and associated risk factors in rural communities in northern Vietnam. Methodology/Principal findings A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 4 communes in Yen Bai and Thanh Hoa provinces where clonorchiasis is known to be present and raw fish consumption is a common. Using a simple random sampling approach, stool was collected from 841 participants over 6 years old for coprological examination, and a questionnaire measured knowledge, attitudes, and practices with regard to clonorchiasis in 757 participants over 15 years old. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were run to identify risk factors for infection with C. sinensis. The overall prevalence of C. sinensis infection was 40.4%, with commune prevalences ranging between 26.5% and 53.3%. In the final model, males were significantly more likely to be infected with C. sinensis (OR 2.00; 95% CI 1.31–3.05). Recent (i.e. last year) consumption of raw fish (OR 8.00, 95% CI 4.78–13.36), low education level (OR 5.57; 95% CI 2.37–13.07), lack of treatment (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.15–2.89), being between 19 to 39 years old (OR 6.46; 95% CI 1.25–33.37), and the presence of an unhygienic toilet (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.53–4.92) were significantly associated with C. sinensis infection. Conclusion/Significance This study demonstrated a high prevalence of C. sinensis infection in rural communities in northern Vietnam. Thus, control measures including, mass drug administration for those communes should be applied to reduce the prevalence. Moreover, specific health education activities should be developed for risk groups in C. sinensis endemic areas., Author summary Clonorchiasis, caused by the fish-borne trematode Clonorchis sinensis, is a chronic liver infection and is classified as a neglected tropical disease, particularly in some Asian countries such as Vietnam. Light infections with C. sinensis are asymptomatic, yet heavy chronic infections are associated with clinical complications such as, bile duct obstruction, hepatic fibrosis and the most serious complication being bile duct cancer. We carried out a community-based study on C. sinensis infection in rural communities in northern Vietnam. Our results indicated that the Thac Ba lake area in Yen Bai province is a hot spot of C. sinensis infection, and that Thanh Hoa province remains an area with widespread small liver fluke infection. Eating raw fish was confirmed to be an important risk factor for C. sinensis infection in Vietnam. Presence of infection was furthermore associated with gender, age, education and hygienic practices. Mass drug administration and improved awareness campaigns for the population in these regions are needed. Setting-specific interventions targeting different risk groups should be considered to reduce the disease transmission.

We evaluate the effects of climate change on Vietnam's rice market. Results suggest that under a low-emission scenario and without interventions, rice production would drop by as much as 18% by 2030 relative to the 1980–1999 average. Farm and wholesale prices would increase by 1.86%, causing domestic demand to fall by 0.38%. The export sector would experience a rise of 6.94% in export free-on-board prices and a drop of 55.36% in export quantities. Farmers would experience a sales loss of 16.02%, whereas wholesalers would see a sales gain of 1.48%. For exporters, their sales loss would amount to 48.42%.

Research results on the effects of aquaculture on poverty alleviation have been mixed. We use Tobit, simulation models and cross sectional survey data of 285 households, in Ben Tre Province, Vietnam, to evaluate the effects of aquaculture involvement on poverty, measured using per capita consumption of less than $1.25 USD, $1.50, and $2.00 per day. The results show for per capita consumption of less than $1.25 per day that households’ aquaculture participation or productivity had no or little effect on the living standard. For income levels above $1.25 per capita per day aquaculture participation or productivity influenced the standard of living.