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1. Lancet Infect Dis

Author

Valdilea G. Veloso, Domergue Anaïs, De Solère Marie, Do cha Giang, Le Thi Ngoc bich, Timana Isabel, Mai Thu Huyen Nguyet, Nguyen Nuoi Thi, Nilesh Bhatt, Nguyen Cao van thi, Amani Jacqueline, Serge Eholié, Isabel Timana Massango, Kan Samuel, Moreira Ronaldo ismerio, Beuscart Aurélie, Siloue Yamissa, Siloue Bertine, Dano Lehi Florence, Azam Khalide, Koné Fatoumata, Khosa Celso, Da Silva Robson Pierre, Nazer Sandro, Huynh Anh Phuong, Chazallon Corine, Sandra W. Cardoso, Previllon Miresta, Santana de Moura Soraia, Aka Kakou, Lessa Flávia, Tran Thi Hieu Nhi, Tran Thi-Hai Ly, Mai Huyen Thi Thu, Barreto Débora Faber, Celso Khosa, Jean-Baptiste N'takpe, Molina Jean-michel, Tran Quy Thi Kim, Krsitic Tânia, Fanny Salimata, Montoyo Alice, Nguyen thi Hong, Anais Domergue, Tran Tien Thi Thuy, Grinsztejn Beatriz, Camacho Luiz, Kacou Jean-claude, Gonzales Maura lassance, Tavora dos Santos Filho Ezio, Corine Chazallon, Ahyi Irmine, Nguyen duc Bang, Laureillard Didier, Guiroy Frederique, Luong Anh Que, Vu Xuan Thinh, Tran Ton, Didier Laureillard, Dinh phuong Thanh, Dang thi Minh Há, Gomes Tatiane, Menan Hervé, Bastos dos Santos Rui, Rapoud Delphine, Anzian Amani, De castro Nathalie, Eholie Serge, Pham Anh Thi Quynh, Amoakon Bonzou, Konan Lambert, Coelho Lara, Matsinhe Lectícia, Xavier Anglaret, Rodrigo Escada, Ha Thanh Trang Do, Ponscarme Diane, Gbey Robert, Dong bui vu hoang Trang Quynh Nhu, Konan Romuald, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Eugène Messou, Nguyen ngoc Lan, Cao Tung khanh, Bonnet Maryline, Nathalie De Castro, Etilé Etienne, Taburet Anne-marie, Tavares Isabel cristina, Torres Thiago, Nguyen nhu Viet, Kouamé Martin, Rebelo Daniel, N'takpé Jean-baptiste, Emieme Arlette, Diomandé Donald, Veloso Valdilea, Kassy Mc, Manhiça Emelva, Tran Thao Pham Phuong, Karcher Sophie, Santos Desiree, Salgado Lucimar, Cong thi Mai Luong, Rekacewicz Claire, Pham Hang Thu, Tran Loc Huu, Bhatt Nilesh, Toni Thomas-d'aquin, Wagner Sandra, Marins Luana, Vubil Adolfo, Sitoe Nádia, Huynh hoang Khanh thu, Kouadio Suzanne, Jean-Michel Molina, Irié Marcelin, Olivier Marcy, Labibi Georgette, Tchehy Cecile, Nguyen huu Lân, Messou Eugène, Marcy Olivier, Rabe Cyprien, Escada Rodrigo, Anglaret Xavier, Ribeiro Jorge, Bui thi Kim Nhung, Alves Ana cláudia, Zitha Alcina, Giang Do Chau, Ribeiro Valéria rita, Eboumou Fulgence, Ello Frederick, Le Guoc Khanh, Long Van Duong, Delaugerre Constance, Bi Antoine, Hoagland Brenda, Gnokoro Joachim, Diallo Alpha, Constance Delaugerre, Do ha thanh Trang, Astrid, Ferreira Ana cristina, Vilanculo Arlindo, Nhumaio Dilário, Le Carrou Jérôme, Bordeaux population health (BPH), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Cyclopropanes, Male, 0301 basic medicine, HIV Infections, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Drug Dosage Calculations, 030212 general & internal medicine, Mozambique, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Coinfection, virus diseases, Lamivudine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, Vietnam, Alkynes, Female, France, Brazil, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Efavirenz, Tuberculosis, Anti-HIV Agents, Population, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Raltegravir Potassium, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, education, Adverse effect, Aged, business.industry, medicine.disease, Raltegravir, 030112 virology, Benzoxazines, Cote d'Ivoire, chemistry, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Rifampicin
Abstract

BACKGROUND: In patients co-infected with HIV and tuberculosis, antiretroviral therapy options are limited due to drug—drug interactions with rifampicin. A previous phase 2 trial indicated that raltegravir 400 mg twice a day or efavirenz 600 mg once a day might have similar virological efficacy in patients given rifampicin. In this phase 3 trial, we assessed the non-inferiority of raltegravir to efavirenz. METHODS: We did a multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised, phase 3 trial at six sites in Côte d'Ivoire, Brazil, France, Mozambique, and Vietnam. We included antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive adults (aged ≥18 years) with confirmed HIV-1 infection and bacteriologically confirmed or clinically diagnosed tuberculosis who had initiated rifampicin-containing tuberculosis treatment within the past 8 weeks. Using computerised random numbers, we randomly assigned participants (1:1; stratified by country) to receive raltegravir 400 mg twice daily or efavirenz 600 mg once daily, both in combination with tenofovir and lamivudine. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with virological suppression at week 48 (defined as plasma HIV RNA concentration

Published
2021
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2. Determination, Characterization, and Control Measures of the Agent Causing Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) also known as Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Syndrome (AHPNS) in Farmed Penaeid Shrimp

Author

Lightner, Donald V., Fitzsimmons, Kevin M., Glenn, Edward P., Gerba, Charles P., Pantoja, Carlos R., Tran, Loc Huu, Lightner, Donald V., Fitzsimmons, Kevin M., Glenn, Edward P., Gerba, Charles P., Pantoja, Carlos R., and Tran, Loc Huu

Abstract

A series of studies were conducted on an emerging disease in farmed penaeid shrimp. This disease was first named as Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) or more descriptively as Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Syndrome (AHPNS). As part of the outcome of this research, the etiology of EMS/AHPNS was demonstrated. EMS was first classified as an idiopathic disease because no causative agent had been identified. Preliminary studies conducted in Vietnam in 2012 by the University of Arizona Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory (UAZ-APL) indicated that EMS is infectious (Tran et al., 2013). The agent was identified as a unique strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Hence, EMS has a bacterial etiology confirmed by satisfying Koch's Postulates. Further studies focusing on the bacterial isolate causing EMS revealed that the agent could produce toxin(s), which is responsible for the primary pathology in affected shrimp. Since the causative agent has been identified, we propose a new name for EMS as Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND). Characterizations of the AHPND-causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus: Biochemical methods and molecular methods were used. Based on these results, various diagnostic methods were developed including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and biochemical tests. Other aspects of the AHPND causing V. parahaemolyticus were also run to determine such as antibiogram and the development of resistance mechanism of the bacteria exposed to farm conditions with antibiotic medications, pathogenicity, and infection dose of the bacteria, mode of infection, mechanisms governing the toxin production, and effects of environmental parameters on the invasion of the agent. Some proposed control measures for AHPND: Several antibiotic-free approaches were tested to determine viable control methods for AHPND. The principle proposed control method is to increase biosecurity. With the PCR method that has been developed, potential sources of the pathogen such as post-larvae and broo

Published
2013

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