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Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) is increasingly popular because of its advantages over open surgery. Chyle leak after donor nephrectomy is a rare but potentially lethal complication if not treated appropriately. We describe a case of a 43-year-old female patient with no remarkable history who presented a chyle leak on day 2 after right transperitoneal LDN. Since conservative treatment failed, the patient underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intranodal lipiodol lymphangiography, which confirmed the chyle leak from the right lumbar lymph trunk into the right renal fossa. The chyle leak was percutaneously embolized twice, on postoperative day (POD) 5 and POD 10, by a mixture of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate and lipiodol. The drainage fluid decreased significantly after the second embolization. The subhepatic drainage tube was withdrawn on POD 14, and the patient was discharged on POD 17. MRI lymphangiography and intranodal lipiodol lymphangiography effectively identified the chyle leak point. Percutaneous embolization seems to be a safe, effective method for treating high-output chyle leaks.

This study employed novel extraction methods with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) to extract bioactive compounds and proteins from Bacopa monnieri leaves. The conditional influence of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and enzymatic-assisted extraction (EAE) on the recovery efficiency of phenolics, proteins, flavonoids, and terpenoids was evaluated. The conditions of UAE were 50 mL/g LSR, 600W of ultrasonic power, and 30% water content with 40°C for 1 min to obtain the highest bioactive compounds and protein contents. The conditions of MAE were 40 mL/g LSR, 400W of microwave power with 30% water content for 3 min to reach the highest contents of biological compounds. The conditions of EAE were 30 mL/g of LSR, 20 U/g of enzyme concentration with L-Gly-Na molar ratio at 2:4:1, and 40% water content for 60 min to acquire the highest bioactive compound contents. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is employed to analyze the surface of Bacopa monnieri leaves before and after extraction. Comparing seven extraction methods was conducted to find the most favorable ones. The result showed that the UMEAE method was the most effective way to exploit the compounds. The study suggested that UMEAE effectively extracts phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and protein from DBMP.

Monitoring water surface areas plays an extremely important role, especially for river and reservoir, lake systems that are significant for irrigation, hydropower and ecosystems etc. In the Tri An reservoir area, the main water source for Dong Nai province, and also where many people live in 4 districts of VinhCuu, DinhQuan, Thong Nhat and TrangBom. However, in the dry season of 2023, the weather became hot and dry with little rain due to the influence of the El Nino phenomenon. The water level of Tri An Lake has dropped to a record low in the past 12 years. Based on Sentinel 1 images and threshold method, this study conducted water surface extraction from January May 2023 of Tri An lake. The results showed that, from January to May 2023, the water surface area decreased from 26,270.97 hectares to 10,059.87 hectares. The most obvious decrease in water surface area was in Phu Ly and Ma Da communes (VinhCuu district) and the La Nga bridge section. This study has been a demonstration of the impact of global climate change on water resources, providing a basis for environmental resource management.

At present, land surface temperature (LST) is an important index in monitoring the urban heat is-land phenomenon and changes in local climate, as well as global climate. By analyzing the variation in land use land cover (LULC), we can see how changes in LULC will lead to changes in LST and understand the expansion of urbanization related to LST. This study used Landsat 8’s thermal infrared band to extract and calculate LST values in DauTieng district in the period 2015-2022. In addition, this study also classified LULC by using the Support Vector Machine algorithm, then evaluated changes in LST on cropland, forest, water surface, and impervious surface areas. The results showed that in places with dense vegetation cover, LST value was low, whereas when moving to areas with low density of vegetation and residential areas, industrial parks,… LST value gradually increased. In general, changes in LULC are important factors that cause LST to increase or decrease, thereby suggesting solutions to minimize high-temperature areas

Diabetes, including type 1, type 2, and gestational, is a significant public health issue responsible for various clinical, economic, and societal issues. Most of the consequences, if uncontrolled, can result in serious health problems, such as heart disease, vision loss, and kidney disease. Approximately 37.3 million Americans have diabetes, including 37.1 million adults 18 years or older, with 90–95% type 2 diabetes (T2D). The purpose of this study is (1) to explore the profile of patients with T2D and (2) to identify the associated factors of diabetic status. Examined factors included sociodemographic characteristics, social factors, and comorbidities. The study analyzed a primary dataset from a retrospective chart review of adult patients with T2D who were seen at a large medical center and its satellite clinics in the southeast region of the United States in 2019. Sex, dyslipidemia, and the number of concordant comorbidities were found to be significant associated factors of diabetic status. In the era of intertwined patient-centered approach and public health, the study’s findings can guide treatment plans and interventions targeting individuals and communities.

Wastewater treatment facilities using the activated sludge process are the most widely used solutions worldwide, regardless of the region. According to statistics, the most common option for Vietnam’s conditions is the sequenced batch reactor, which is used at a third of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Thus, studies of treatment processes in SBRs that seek high-quality treatment may have a wide range of further applications in practice. Another reason is that wastewater treated to meet Vietnamese standards has a significant negative impact on water resources. The research was carried out in relation to Hoaxuan wastewater treatment plants, where pilot models were installed that worked on influent wastewater. Studies of the nitrification process in SBRs (cycle duration 4 h) have shown that the highest efficiency of removal of pollutants (organic pollution by 90%, ammonium nitrogen by 80%) is achieved at a pH value close to 8.0. The increase in pH also had a positive effect on the increase in the specific rate of nitrification. At the second stage of the research, the process of denitrification in SBRs (cycle duration of 6.5 h) was considered. The results demonstrated that treatment quality corresponded to the standards for the Russian Federation, which are stricter than Vietnamese standards (3.0 mg/L vs. 30 mg/L of biochemical oxygen demand; 0.4 mg/L vs. 5 mg/L of ammonium nitrogen). For the second part of the study, a specific denitrification rate was determined in order to establish its dependence on the main parameters of the SBR model performance.

Donor-acceptor compounds have been receiving increased attention lately, especially in opto-electronic applications. In this work, a novel compound named triazine-furan, comprised of a triazine acceptor moiety and a furan donor side group, was designed and synthesised for the first time. The influences of temperature and the feeding proportion of cyanuric chloride to furfurylamine were investigated to optimise the reaction yield and purification process. The synthesised compound was characterised using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy

African swine fever (ASF) was officially reported in Vietnam in February 2019 and spread across the whole country, affecting all 63 provinces and cities.

Nowadays, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applications have provided tools to integrate information, visualize scenarios, present powerful ideas, and develop effective solutions like never before so that it supports strategic decision making. Based on the advantages of GIS applications, the main goal of database management framework is simulation and visualization combined sewerage system and water quality data of Phu Loc river, Da Nang city via QGIS software. Although the length of the river is only 1.9 km, the Phu Loc river was discharge point of drainage basin in the northwest area of Da Nang city with a total area of more than 3500 hectars, which included 5 urban lakes, the municipal wastewater treatment plant with capacity over 40000 m3/d. After transform and organize data from other source to QGIS, the researchers created a database management framework for sewerage system with relation model for each group of data. Based on process digitalization data of water quality, QGIS software should presented type of digital map of Phuloc basin area with construction of combined sewerage system for basin area and water quality index for river and urban lakes.

All around the world, the constructed wetland is a variation for for reusing treated water by irrigation the landscaping. Based on the synthesis and metabolism of different plant species, nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, in wastewater has been removed. Therefore, the article evaluates the ability of reusing municipal treated water from combined sewerage system for technology constructed wetland. Based on building and operating model wetland in municipal wastewater treatment plant for 2 months, adaptability of 2 selected plant species in model include Canna generalis and Portulaca grandiflora has been determined. At first, the experiment evaluates of the growth and development of plants. After that, based on operated model with with hydraulic rention time was 48 hours and hydraulic loading rate is approximately 0.2 m3/m2/d, the efficiency transformation of Nitrogen in range 30 – 40% with Canna generalis and 20 – 30% with Portulaca grandiflora. Moreover, the preformance removing ortho phosphorus of both models in range 40 – 60%. Sumerize, the synthesis and metabolism of nutrients by these plants will reduce the loading of biological reactor in wastewater treatment plants.

Hien A Tran,1–4 Khanh L Ly,4 Kate E Fox,5 Phong A Tran,1–3 Thi-Hiep Nguyen4 1Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia; 2Interface Science and Materials Engineering Group, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, QUT, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 3Centre in Regenerative Medicine, QUT, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Vietnam National University- Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam; 5School of Engineering, Centre for Additive Manufacturing, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, AustraliaCorrespondence: Phong A TranQueensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, AustraliaTel +61 7 3138 6452Email phong.tran@qut.edu.auThi-Hiep NguyenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Vietnam National University- Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City 70000, VietnamTel +84 2837 244 270Email nthiep@hcmiu.edu.vnPurpose: The aim of this study is to develop a new coating for wound dressings that is comprised of antimicrobial silver (Ag) and antioxidant flavonoid quercetin (Q).Methods: Dip-coating was used to apply the coating on cotton gauge as a model dressing. Ag was immobilised using polydopamine as a priming and catalytic layer followed by coating of quercetin that was incorporated in a functionalized polydimethylsiloxane. The coating was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and release assay. The antimicrobial activity of quercetin and Ag was tested against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). A surgical wound model on mice was used to evaluate the effects of the coated dressing on wound healing rates and tissue histology.Results: Ag and quercetin showed enhanced antimicrobial activity against S. aureus when used in combination. Ag and quercetin were successfully immobilized onto the fibre of the dressing using the dip-coating process. The coating released Ag and quercetin over 8 days and showed strong antioxidant activity. In the wound healing model, complete wound closure was achieved in 12 days in the group receiving coated dressing and was associated with an enhancement in tissue remodelling and neo-angiogenesis and the reduction in tissue inflammation.Conclusion: These new antimicrobial-antioxidant coatings may be promising in the development of advanced wound care therapies.Keywords: quercetin, Ag, antioxidant, antibacterial, wound healing

Objectives: To consider that the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has become an inherent part of the patient outcomes in the care and treatment after kidney transplantation (KT). This study aimed to measure HRQOL among a representative sample size of patients after KT by using both the Short Form 36 (SF-36) and the Kidney Disease Quality of Life 36 (KDQOL-36).Methods and Results: Data of this cross-sectional design were collected in the Organ Transplant Center, Viet Duc University Hospital (Hanoi, Vietnam) from January 2020 to March 2020 and included the patients aged 18 years or over after KT at 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years postoperatively. HRQOL was evaluated through face-to-face interviews by means of the SF-36 and KDQOL-36 measurement tools. According to the SF-36, the overall mean score of HRQOL was 69.13 ± 15.55 and the two domains were the highest scores of “Mental Health” (81.23 ± 14.28) and “General Health” (80.06 ± 14.81). When measuring with the KDQOL-36, the overall mean score was 68.67 ± 13.75 and was the highest in the domain “Symptoms and Problems of Kidney Disease” (87.06 ± 16.00). Both instruments had good reliability for those after KT. The reliability of the SF-36 was high with Cronbach's coefficients α = 0.90. There were positive relationships between the dimensions measured by the KDQOL-36 and SF-36 (correlation coefficient: 0.03–0.69). Similarly, the domains of the SF-36 also had positive correlations with the KDQOL-36 (correlation coefficient: 0.18–0.51). The correlation coefficient between overall HRQOL scores of the SF-36 and KDQOL-36 was 0.62, indicating a strong correlation between the SF-36 and KDQOL-36.Conclusions: There were slight fluctuations in the HRQOL score in domains in the 3-year follow-up stages, suggesting not having clear change. The mean SF-36 score was consistent with the mean KDQOL-36 score. High reliability and strong correlation were found between two instruments of the SF-36 and KDQOL-36. This study provides the reliability and constructs validity in the combination of two sets of the SF-36 and KDQOL-36 scales for the assessment of HRQOL among post-KT patients, thereby assisting physicians and health professionals in the clinical decision-making, assessment of therapeutic efficacy, and understanding of treatment risk.

Hien A Tran,1–4 Phong A Tran1–4 1School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 2Interface Science and Materials Engineering (ISME) Group, QUT, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 3Centre in Regenerative Medicine, QUT, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 4Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, AustraliaCorrespondence: Phong A Tran Tel +61 7 3138 6452Email phong.tran@qut.edu.auPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate a new method of in situ biofilm treatment for infected prostheses that remove bacterial biofilm and prevent reinfection through the use of an immobilizing agent in combination with the actions of biofilm-lysing enzymes and bactericidal antimicrobials.Methods: We investigated the combination of self-immobilization chemistry of dopamine with a biofilm-lysing enzyme, α-amylase (Am), and an antimicrobial agent, silver nitrate (Ag), to treat model Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilms formed on titanium. The efficacy of biofilm removal and bacterial treatment was analyzed by crystal violet, colony-forming unit assays, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To confirm the in situ coating of the titanium surface with antimicrobial Ag as a strategy to prevent bacterial recolonization, SEM in secondary electron mode (SE), backscatter electron mode, (BSE) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) were used. The antimicrobial activity of the coated surface was evaluated by optical density measurement and colony-forming unit assays.Results: Polydopamine (PDA)-assisted treatment showed approximately a 2 log reduction in recoverable CFU and a 15% increase in biofilm removal efficacy compared to treatments that had only Am or Ag. More importantly, PDA-assisted treatment was found to immobilize Ag on the surface after the treatment, rendering them resistant to bacterial recolonization.Conclusion: Our in vitro findings suggested that this PDA-assisted treatment and the surface immobilization-enhanced treatment concept could be promising in the development of advanced treatment for implant retention surgery for an infected prosthesis.Keywords: bacterial biofilm, in situ treatment, implants, antimicrobial, coatings

Nutrient digestibility, growth, and mucosal barrier status of fish skin, gills, and distal intestine were studied in Atlantic salmon fed feeds based on marine or plant-derived ingredients. The barrier status was assessed by considering the expression of four mucin genes, five genes that encode antimicrobial proteins, distal intestine micromorphology, and design-based stereology of the midgut epithelium. In addition, the head kidney leukocytes were examined using flow cytometry; to understand the differences in their counts and function. Five experimental feeds containing the main components i) fishmeal and fish oil (BG1), ii) soybean meal (BG2; to induce enteritis), iii) fishmeal as the main protein source and rapeseed oil as the main lipid source (BG3), iv) a mix of plant protein concentrates as the protein sources and fish oil as the lipid source (BG4), and v) plant and marine ingredients in the ratio 70:30 (BG5) were produced for the study. Atlantic salmon with initial weight 72.7 ± 1.2 g was offered the experimental feeds for 65 days. The results revealed that the weights of all fish groups doubled, except for fish fed BG2. Fish fed the BG2 diet had lower blood cholesterol concentration, developed enteritis, had lower expression of muc2 in the distal intestine, and had a compromised barrier status in the intestine. Expression of both the mucin genes and genes that encode antimicrobial peptides were tissue-specific and some were significantly affected by diet. The fish fed BG1 and BG3 had more head kidney lymphocyte-like cells compared to BG5-fed fish, and the phagocytic activity of macrophage-like cells from the head kidney was the highest in fish fed BG1. The intestinal micromorphology and the mucosal mapping suggest two different ways by which plant-based diets can alter the gut barrier status; by either reducing the mucous cell sizes, volumetric densities and barrier status (as noted for BG2) or increasing volumetric density of mucous cells (as observed for BG4 and BG5). The results of the compromised intestinal barrier in fish fed plant ingredients should be further confirmed through transcriptomic and immunohistochemical studies to refine ingredient composition for sustainable and acceptable healthy diets.

BackgroundInjectable cabotegravir was superior to daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine for HIV prevention in two clinical trials. Both trials had the primary aim of establishing the HIV prevention efficacy of long-acting injectable cabotegravir pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) compared with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine daily oral PrEP. Long-acting PrEP was associated with diagnostic delays and integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (INSTI) resistance. This report presents findings from the first unblinded year of the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 083 study.MethodsThe HPTN 083 randomised controlled trial enrolled HIV-uninfected cisgender men and transgender women at elevated HIV risk who have sex with men, from 43 clinical research sites in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the USA. Inclusion criteria included: a negative HIV serological test at the screening and study entry, undetectable HIV RNA levels within 14 days of study entry, age 18 years or older, overall good health as determined by clinical and laboratory evaluations, and a creatinine clearance of 60 mL/min or higher. Participants were randomly allocated to receive long-acting injectable cabotegravir or daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine PrEP. After study unblinding, participants remained on their original regimen awaiting an extension study. HIV infections were characterised retrospectively at a central laboratory. Here we report the secondary analysis of efficacy and safety for the first unblinded year. The primary outcome was incident HIV infection. Efficacy analyses were done on the modified intention-to-treat population using a Cox regression model. Adverse events were compared across treatment groups and time periods (blinded vs unblinded). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02720094.FindingsOf the 4488 participants who contributed person-time to the blinded analysis, 3290 contributed person-time to the first unblinded year analysis between May 15, 2020, and May 14, 2021. Updated HIV incidence in the blinded phase was 0·41 per 100 person-years for long-acting injectable cabotegravir PrEP and 1·29 per 100 person-years for daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine PrEP (hazard ratio [HR] 0·31 [95% CI 0·17-0·58], p=0·0003). HIV incidence in the first unblinded year was 0·82 per 100 person-years for long-acting PrEP and 2·27 per 100 person-years for daily oral PrEP (HR 0·35 [0·18-0·69], p=0·002). Adherence to both study products decreased after study unblinding. Additional infections in the long-acting PrEP group included two with on-time injections; three with one or more delayed injections; two detected with long-acting PrEP reinitiation; and 11 more than 6 months after their last injection. Infection within 6 months of cabotegravir exposure was associated with diagnostic delays and INSTI resistance. Adverse events were generally consistent with previous reports; incident hypertension in the long-acting PrEP group requires further investigation.InterpretationLong-acting injectable cabotegravir PrEP retained high efficacy for HIV prevention in men and transgender women who have sex with men during the first year of open-label follow-up, with a near-identical HR for HIV risk reduction between long-acting injectable cabotegravir and daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine PrEP during the first year after unblinding compared with the blinded period. Extended follow-up further defined the risk period for diagnostic delays and emergence of INSTI resistance.FundingDivision of AIDS at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, ViiV Healthcare, and Gilead Sciences.

The aim of this paper is to examine how a shock in the oil industry affects firms' debt funding obligations using credit default swaps in different segments of the oil industry's value chain. In particular, it focuses on two types of shocks suffered by upstream, integrated and downstream firms in the industry, namely (1) endogenous shocks resulting from oil-market shocks, and (2) exogenous shocks resulting from the recent financial crisis and the Covid-19 pandemic. Using a wide data set ranging from 2007 to 2020, this paper measures the dynamic relationships between the CDS spreads of oil-related firms, US dollar exchange rates, and crude oil prices at different sectors of the oil-industry value chain, namely, upstream, integrated and downstream. Overall results show that the upstream firms have suffered the largest impacts during the COVID-19 crisis, when experiencing shocks from USD rates or oil prices. Integrated firms have suffered the second-largest effects, however, and interestingly, no significant impacts from shocks are observed on CDS spreads for downstream firms. Keywords: CDS Spread, Oil, Corporate Funding, Upstream. Downstream, 1. INTRODUCTION Post the 1990s, the world has seen a further increase in debt-issuance activities by the corporate sector in financial markets not only due to the diversity of the [...]

This paper presents the development and psychometric properties of an interpersonal problem-solving inventory for Vietnamese elementary school students (IPSI). The IPSI consists of five subscales: Positive problem-solving behavior; Negative problem-solving behavior; Rational problem-solving behavior; Impulsive behavior; and Avoidance behavior. The scale was administered to a total sample that consists of 730 Vietnamese fifth grade students (age 10-14, M = 10.70, SD = 0.56). Multiple psychometric analyses were utilized including classical test theory (CTT), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability of IPSI was reported by calculating internal consistency. Findings showed that the IPSI has adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's [alpha] = 0.90; McDonald's [omega] = 0.82). The EFA findings suggested that the IPSI has two-factor structure. The CFA findings indicated that the IPSI has the theory-driven five-factor structure that has the adequate fitness indices (X[superscript 2]/df = 1.369, p < 0.001; GFI: 0.930; TLI: 0.926; CFI: 0.871; RMSEA: 0.032; SRMR: 0.046). These findings suggest that the IPSI is a well-functioning scale with good psychometric properties. Recommendations and weak points of the scale are discussed. Future research and possible improvements are proposed.