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Carpaine, a major alkaloid in papaya leaves, has considerable cardiovascular benefits alongside its notable effects on muscle relaxation when utilized in medicine. In this study, the coupling of acid-base extraction and flotation was developed to completely remove the use of toxic solvents. This method entails the extraction of carpaine from Carica papaya L. leaves using hot water extraction alongside ultrasound-assisted extraction followed by the condensation of the species using surfactant-assisted flotation. The acid-base extraction was applied to alter the solubility of carpaine as desired at different stages of the process. The results showed that the carpaine extraction yield using all the treatments in conjunction was significantly higher compared to the control samples in which the acid-base extraction or flotation was not applied. The TLC and GC-FID results suggested that the bubbles introduced during the flotation were highly specific toward their interactions with carpaine in its hydrophobic complex form. The quantity of carpaine extracted using our method, in comparison to the amount of carpaine obtained using a different method from a previous study that utilized ethanolic extraction, exhibited a 2.32-fold greater extraction yield. This work demonstrates the importance of flexible utilization of both surface and bulk chemistry in achieving an improved solution for a technical problem., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Problem description\The University of Nebraska College of Pharmacy is interested in conducting and learning from an inventory of Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (JEDI) within the college., Quality Improvement Methods: An extensive literature review was undertaken to define the terms included in JEDI and to craft a listing of ideal inventory components., Results of Cqi Inquiry: The terms used in JEDI were defined and a list of 148 ideal inventory components was created. This list is further segmented by the JEDI components themselves and by five assessment factors including: representation, curriculum & education, policies & procedures, support & resources, and college climate., Interpretation and Discussion: The attempt to create an ideal listing of JEDI inventory components resulted in an unusably large number of potential items. This occurred intentionally to allow the next steps in the longitudinal creation of a workable, quantifiable, and evaluative JEDI inventory process. Describing these preliminary efforts are important in the ultimate acceptance of the results of the JEDI inventory., Conclusion: Deliberate and extensive listing of initial aspirations for a JEDI inventory of a College of Pharmacy or any institution allows for sufficient input and breadth to help assure that no significant factor is overlooked as the process is refined., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None of our authors declares any conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Bacterial fouling and biofilm formation on surfaces have been ongoing problems in real life as well as in the medical field. Different approaches have been taken to tackle the issues, from costly surface modification to antibiotic-delivering strategies. In this study, we examined the potential of using stabilized microbubbles (MBs) to shield against bacterial adhesion. Three types of surfaces were tested: hydrophilic glass (hydrophilic surface), neutral hydrophobic polystyrene (PS)-coated surfaces, and negatively charged hydrophobic octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)-coated surfaces. By evaluating the colony-forming unit (CFU) values from each surface, MBs stabilized by 0.05 mM SDS were shown to only produce significant reduction of Staphylococcus aureus adhesion on PS surfaces, up to 60.29 and 82.32% compared to no-MB PS surfaces, and no-MB uncoated surfaces, correspondingly, due to the appropriate size, stability, and negative charges of the MB shielding layer. On the other hand, OTS coatings had an intrinsic antiadhesion effect (69.83% compared to uncoated surface), given that the negatively charged OTS-aqueous interface or surface porosity nature of the coating prohibited the attachment of MBs, leading to the elimination of the antifouling effect of MBs. Ultimately, MBs gave better shielding results than surface modification when compared to uncoated surfaces and hence can be applied more widely.

Background: To understand the prevalent issues and challenges in the provision of care for dyslipidemia and hypertension in Vietnamese adults, quantification of patient journey stages (awareness, screening, diagnosis, treatment, adherence, and control) was performed in this semi-systematic review., Methods: The EMBASE and MEDLINE databases were searched for English articles published between 2010 and 2019. Thesis abstracts, letters to the editor, editorials, case studies, and studies on patient subgroups or nationally unrepresentative studies, were excluded. Articles from Google, the Incidence and Prevalence Database, the World Health Organization, Vietnam's Ministry of Health, and those suggested by the authors were also included. The last search was run on December 10, 2019 for dyslipidemia and hypertension., Results: A reviewer independently screened 586 retrievals for dyslipidemia and 177 retrievals for hypertension, and extracted data from 2 articles on dyslipidemia and 6 articles on hypertension that were included in the final synthesis., Conclusion: The data generated in this review will help overcome these issues and barriers to patient care in populations with these 2 conditions., Competing Interests: Dr. Hieu B Tran has received honoraria from Astra Zeneca, Pfizer, Novartis, Servier, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Sanofi. Dr. Duc Q Dang has received honoraria from the company Pfizer, Servier, and Boehringer. Dr. Sy V Hoang has received honoraria from Astra Zeneca, Pfizer, Merk, Terumo, Boston Scientific, Novartis, Servier, Abbott Vascular, Boeringer Ingelheim, Bayer, Sanofi, and is on the speaker’s bureau for the University of Medicine and Pharmacy at HCM City, and the CME organizer for Cho Ray Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at HCM City. Dr. Tuan A Vuong has received honoraria from companies Servier, Novartis, and Boehringer. Dr. Hung M Pham has received honoraria from Astra Zeneca, Pfizer, Merk, Terumo, Boston Scientific, Kaneka, Novartis, Biosensor, Servier, Abbott Vascular, AGA, Boeringer Ingelheim, Bayer, Sanofi, and is on the speaker’s bureau for Hanoi Medical University, and the CME organizer for Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi Medical University. Dr. Grace E Brizuela and Dr. Anh T Q Tran are employees of Viatris. Dr. Thanh H Vu declares no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)