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Structural optimization by Finite Elements (FE) is proved very effective in tyre design. For that purpose, major tyre manufacturers use in-house applications. An alternative solution, involving dedicated CAD tyre model (DCTM), is here proposed. DCTM concept permits to easily change the FE tyre models, concerning shape and structure, by moving a part of pre-processing from FE analysis to CAD. No special skills regarding CAD or FEA are required. For every new tyre design, only a new DCTM and a corresponding FE model must be built. All subsequent model changes are automatically performed by mapping and translation routines. To test this concept, DTCM models of an existing tyre were created and used within a pilot design study.

We are witnessing increasing applications of information technologies in all branches of medicine. The introduction of modern technologies in the field of surgery and orthopedics in everyday practice has allowed physicians to perform diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic activities in the best way. The success of these activities, in addition to the available devices, depends on the experience of doctors and the available information about the patient. Incomplete and inaccurate information on morphology, geometry and the structure of human bones, that are necessary for the reconstruction of bone geometric models, have encouraged the development of new and improvement of existent methods of creating geometrical models of human bones based on predictions. Most of the existent methods for geometrical modeling of the human bones are based on input data (input data of a patient’s bone) and the application of statistical methods for processing these data. As a result of the process, geometrical models of human bones are obtained which can be used for different preclinical and clinical needs. The main goal of this doctoral dissertation has been to development of a method which would enable of creation of a 3D geometrical model of human bones, in this case the human mandible (complete bone, as well as of the missing bone parts) based on complete and / or incomplete entrance data of patients bones. The model thus created would be used in preoperative preparation, simulation of surgical interventions, production of osteofixation material and personalized bone implants, enabling doctors to make appropriate decisions in everyday clinical practice. A special emphasis is placed on improving the existent method of reverse engineering - Method of Anatomical Features (MAF), which allows the creation of geometrical models of human bones in cases where the input data of patient’s bone are complete or not complete. This method served as the initial basis for further research analyzes

The greatest challenge in engineering of human mandible implants lies in its customization for each patient individually, by adapting them to the patient's anatomical, morphological and physiological characteristics. This customization maximizes the efficiency of the patient's health recovery process. The application of anatomically shaped and personalized bone endoprosthesis, fixation plate and scaffold models bring great improvement to the clinical practice in maxillofacial surgery. It ensures that implant meets the biomechanical and dentofacial aesthetic requirements and, ultimately, reduces complications during recovery. In order to create such implants, novel procedure based on personalized models of mandible and its parts, and also plates and scaffold implants is presented in this paper. Design procedures for the creation of the personalized models are based on the application of Method of Anatomical Features, which has been already applied for the creation of geometrical models of human bones. This procedure improves pre-surgical planning, enables better execution of surgical intervention, and as a consequence improves patient recovery processes.

Customized implants are complex free geometrical forms. Requests for its precision, appropriate material selection and manufacturing time require that even at the designing phase right decisions are made. That is why customized implant manufacturability analysis and the use of artificial intelligence are very important. Customized implant knowledge model will be created and system for acquisition, systematization, and modeling of knowledge about customized implant designing and manufacturing will be developed. By creating knowledge basis we make a foundation for creating adaptable expert system for customized implant manufacturability analysis. It will be a part of a system for designing, manufacturing and monitoring workflow, based on web technologies.

Human hip bone represents a very complex morphological structure of irregular shape, resulting from the fusion of three primarily stand-alone bones. So, obtaining an accurate 3D model is a complex process, with the condition that a sufficiently dense point cloud is provided. In the first phase of the research, the hip bone model is obtained in reverse engineering process. The procedure itself is time consuming and requires a dedicated CT scan. So, the method of parametric regions is developed. The method allows obtaining a 3D model, even in cases where the volumetric data are not complete or when obtaining data is only possible from a two-dimensional, 2D scans. Anatomical landmarks (a total of 34) were defined at the bones. These anatomical landmarks are interconnected by parameters. Therefore, 58 parameters were defined, classified in two groups: parameters whose values are measured (21), and parameters whose values are obtained on the basis of regression equations (37). The points on the curves obtained by cutting the polygonal model with planes that are passing through given parameters are defined. The points at the parts of the polygonal models which describe the edges of the hip bone and the points that belong to certain parts of the bone are also defined. Parts of the surface that are bound with parameters represent the regions. In order to automate the processes three VBA macros are developed. The results were tested at the arbitrarily selected hip bone, using the methodology for creating the prediction model, which allows the creation of complete polygonal model or each region separately. It is also possible to create parts of the region - sub-regions, on the external or internal side of the hip bone or on both of its sides. Neighboring regions may be brought together. Connecting the region with parts of the obtained polygonal surfaces which describe the edges of the hip bone is also enabled.

Nanomaterials are nowadays widely used in various fields of biomedicine. Before the application of biomaterials they have to be tested and fulfill some criteria. The first tests that should be performed after synthesis of some new nanomaterial with potential application in biomedical fields are biocompatibility tests. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of nanomaterial calcium phosphate/poly-(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (CP/PLGA) on proliferation and adherence of HeLa cells in culture. For both proliferation and adherence examination, cells were treated with suspension of nanomaterial CP/PLGA at concentrations 5, 50 and 500 µg/mL, made in cell culture medium. There were four different types of treatment: (1) cells incubated with CP/PLGA for 3 days; (2) cells incubated with CP/PLGA for 6 days; (3) cells incubated first with CP/PLGA for 3 days and then for the next 3 days with medium and (4) cells incubated first with medium for 3 days and then for the next 3 days with CP/PLGA. Three days after incubation of HeLa cells with different concentrations of CP/PLGA nanoparticles’ suspension, the concentration of 5 µg/mL had mild inhibitory effect on proliferation. Increasing CP/PLGA concentration, there was stimulatory effect on cells’ proliferation. With prolonged incubation period, this dose dependence is lost. The highest adherence of HeLa cells was observed when cells were incubated with the highest examined concentration of CP/PLGA suspension, in both 3-day and 6-day incubation period. Based on the results obtained in our study, we can conclude that the effect of the suspension of nanomaterial CP/PLGA on proliferation and adherence of HeLa cells depends on the duration of incubation with the cells as well as the material concentration and type of the treatment.