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18 x 4.5'' ; serpentine stone; Mr. Manuhwa is one of the first generation of Shona stone sculpturers to benefit from the workshop school at the Zimbabwe National Gallery and Vukutu. Vukutu was a rural community established in the eastern highlands of Zimbabwe where the workshop school moved and continued to be influenced by the powerful environment around them. This bird sculpture was used by Mr. Manuhwa during a visit to Champaign-Urbana in November 2003. He used it to illustrate how he worked. For photos of him demonstrating for school classrooms, see B 1003.

JPEG image of ceramic ocarina, 1.25 x 2.25 x 3''. Ocarinas are used throughout the Andes, and have their origin in Pre-Columbian times. They were brought back from Central and South America by explorers, and made into the form of geese and other animals by European craftsmen. The word ''ocarina'' comes from the Italian, meaning ''little goose.'' They are often used to imitate birds or to call livestock in the mountains. The ocarina is a type of vessel flute. Its body is shaped like a globe rather that a tube. Ocarinas are different from simple whistles in that they have between four and ten finger holes that allow them, when the holes are covered in different ways, to sound different pitches allowing the player to play a song.

2.5 x 5'' ; grass and metal; The caxixi (ka-shee-shee) is a musical instrument of ancient African origin. They are basket rattles typically woven of grass or cane, containing small stones, beads, or shells. The material inside strikes a hard surface at the bottom of the caxixi. In this case, tin is used for the bottom, creating a very shrill sound when played. The instrument is played by shaking, and can be played with one or more in each hand at the same time. To play a stroke, the holder must throw down his hand and then pull up a little as the stones or beads hit the hard bottom and produce the typical sharp and dry sound. The caxixi is also common to Brazil, having migrated there from its native Africa.

Wood and gourd ; 4.5x10''; This instrument from Brazil was used for centuries at the Sateres' most renown ritual of the ''Ant Dance.'' This ceremony marks the beginning of their adult life within the tribe. It is decorated with traditional iconographic designs, representing a symbol of the Sateres' life and culture.

This stylized portrait of the Reverend James Pierpont comes from a fine gravestone located in Wakefield, Massachusetts. It may have been created by the Joseph Lamson family, stonecutters from Charlestown, Massechusetts whose work can be found in many cemeteries in the region. The minister is shown in a wig and vestments, holding an open Bible. James Pierpont (January 4, 1659 - November 22, 1714) was a Congregationalist minister who is credited with the founding of Yale University in the United States.

4'' bronze on 3.5'' ; square wood base; Replica attributed to Wah Chang.

7.5 x 12'' ; woven fabric; Today, carpet weaving is by far the most widespread and best-known handicraft in the Orient. Persian carpets have a history of more than 2,500 years and were probably first made by nomadic peoples to cover the Earthen floor in their tents. In 1949, Russ.

10'' round bronze with 6'' mallot; Bronze, hand-hammered gongs have been made in a region of China for over 2000 years. Gongs are among the oldest musical instruments on Earth and are unrivaled in what musicians call ''Dynamic Range.'' Strike the gong in the center to yield a pure tone, surrounded by deeply relaxing overtones. By striking it off-center, you can bring out complex harmonies for a more mysterious, eastern sound. Some gongs are used for sound therapy, harmonic medicinal applications, yoga centers, and other ''conscious-centered'' environments. They are also used to celebrate milestones.

8'' and 7'' tall ; wood and cloth; These two dolls probably represent a minority culture from a south or west border province of China. These areas are populated by a wide veriety of minority cultures. The red colors included in their garments symbolize happiness in the Chinese culture. The dolls tranport in an open-front box covered with a Batik fabric.

20'' tall ; buffalo hide; This puppet would be used in the Indonesian shadow-puppet theater of Java (Wayang Kilit). The flat puppets are cut from the cured hide of water buffalo, then decorated with intricate perforations and paint. Each puppet is supported by a central rod of b.

1 ; plaster sculpture ; H: 9.5''; The art of the Classical Greek style (479-336 BCE) is characterized by a freedom of movement and expression. It was the first time that the human body was studied for its aesthetic values. Greek artists replaced the stiff vertical figures of the previou.

6.5'' doll; About 70,000 people of the Maonan ethnic group live in Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County, Guangxi Zhuang Automonous Region. They speak their own language and write in literary Chinese. They raise crops and beef cattle. Rice and corn are staples. This doll is one of a set of 56 dolls that represent the minority nationalities of China.

12x9x2.75'' ; stone; Lithographic stone used in a printing process. Lithography is a method of reproduction in which a drawing is made on a lithographic stone or a prepared zinc late with a greasy crayon, or ink, and prints taken. For color lithography, separate drawings are required for each color. CAUTION: this stone is VERY heavy.

7'' round, 4'' tall.

2x1.5x3.5'' ; Serpentine('''' Stone; The lid of this box, when slid CAREFULLY, opens to reveal a snake-like head that projects out as the lid is moved. This curious box is carved out of a soft green stone etched with a leaf and fish design. The background is red and black. The tradition of making curio boxes may have been introduced from the Islamic North.

L: 11'' W: 5'' ; ; plaster; The Gryphon is a mythological creature that has the head and wings of an eagle and the body of a lion. Sometimes it is depicted as having a long snake for a tail. It is usually a heroic symbol. Gryphons are well known for their speed, ability to fly, having eyes like an eagle, and the strength and courage of a lion. In hieroglyphics, gryphons represent heat and summer. In Roman art, gryphons are often pulling the chariot of Nemesis, the goddess of justice and revenge. As Rome adopted Greecian ideas, they adopted the gryphon, made of both the king of the air and the king of the Earth, representing regality and honor. The gryphon has also been considered the guardian of the gold and a symbol of good luck in matters of fortune and wealth.

4'' tall, 3'' round ; on wooden stand ; travels in a cloth-covered box; This vase comes from Ching Dha, China, a location famous for its vase making. The black background is embellished with gold cloud-like patterns in gold.

40 x 50 cm ; dye and cotton cloth; Originating in India as far back as 2000 years, the art of batik (wax writing) is a way of decorating cloth by covering part of it with a coat of wax and then dyeing the cloth. The waxed areas keep their original color, and when the wax is removed, the contrast between the dyed and undyed areas makes the pattern. Indonesia has taken over the art of India, and with its popularity and success in the western markets, batik has become a part of Indonesian culture. Indonesia is now considered the ''cradle of batik.'' Many designs are restricted to different wearer and occasions, and have characters of mystic and ritualistic connection. Objects like flowers, trees, and birds also have significant meaning. Batik was introduced in Europe by Dutch travelers from Indonesia. Batik is also practiced by cultures in Africa.

Wood ; 8.5 x 3 x 6''; This male bust, finely carved and polished of quality African wood, was made for sale to tourists as a decorative object. It wears a close-fitting hat. It is not considered to be traditional, nor was it made for any ceremonial use. Wood carving similar to this is common throughout much of Africa, making it difficult to determine its true origin. The dark black color of the wood comes from the center, or core, of several species of trees popular for carving, and is not true ebony, which is only found in very few areas of the continent. This scultpure is thought to have come from Kenya or Tanzania because of the fine wood from which it is carved.

2'' round, 3'' tall; The white background shows off the nesting bird illustrations. White designs on a blue background fill in the spaces between the illustrations.

3 x 2 x 3.5'' ; painted clay; These rounded, strong, very colorful clay dolls are famous from the Wu-Zian Province, Wei Mountain. Their name means ''conquer the evil and gain good luck.'' People often describe happy and chubby children as being ''Au-foo.''

14'' tall, 5.5'' square base ; Bronze-tone Polystone; In 1878, Degas began charcoal figure studies of 10 year old Maria Van Goethem for his wax sculpture, ''Little Fourteen-year-Old Dancer.'' Using wax over an armature of wire and rope, the figure was conceived as a nude. Degas added real ballet slippers, a muslin tutu, horsehair wig, and a silk bow for the exhibition of the piece in the 1881 Impressionist exhibition. After his death in 1917, the statue was cast in an edition of 23 bronze sculptures by the lost-wax process. Only tutus and hairbows were added to the cast versions.

8'' wood fan in a box; This fan is thought to be carved of Chinese Juniper wood, and is decorated with a pink tassel. Fans cut with a intricate pattern from the wood of the Chinese Juniper tree and similar aromatic trees are common in eastern Asia. (Outside reed repaired, small diamond shape missing.).

7'' round with handle; People in Laos, a tiny country on the Indochona Peninsula, use larger baskets like this one to carry water. Natural Resin - a tree sap product - produces a water-tight finish.

7 x 31'' ; cowri shells, beads, leather, nuts; In the Masaai people of Kenya, both males and females wear beaded Jewelry. This is one of 40 different bead designs of the Masaai people, and is worn by a woman at her wedding. The cowrie shells are symbols of fertility, and are typically worn by unmarried girls to distinguish themselves following ritual circumcision. The colors are symbolic: blue represents God (the color of the sky he inhabits); black represents night; together, blue and black represent God or the sky. Green represented ''vegetation after a rainfall, '' the symbol of peace.

6 - 8.5 x 10'' ; prints, information sheet, in tied binder; These 6 Ukiyo-E pictures were hand-made by pure loodprinting technique. The pictures are reduced copies of the originals. The set includes ''Beautiful Woman Playing a Glass Flute, '' by Utamaro Kitagawa, ''Mt. Fuji Viewed Through Ocean Waves, '' by Hokusai Katsushika, and ''Moon and Geese, '' ''Nihonbashi Bridge, '' ''Yui, '' and ''Kyoto, '' by Hiroshige Ando.

H: 4'', w: 5'', l: 14'' ; painted copalillo wood; This type of folk art sculpture is carved by Zapotec Artisans - in this case Vilente Hernandez Vasquez - from a small village near Oaxaca, Mexico. Craftsmen use machetes and knives to carve the cured and treated copal wood. After the Artisan completes the carving, it is often sanded by the children and then painted by the daughters and wives. No two sculptures look alike. Broken on 12/05 ; repaired on tail, left rear foot, and rear right leg.

13'' x 6'' x 4'' ; painted wood; Handcarved folk art masks from Guatemala celebrate their creators' artistry, vitality, and whimsy. Folk festivals and dances, which serve as high points of community life, show an awe-inspiring array of masks, which fuse Old and New World traditions. In some South American regions, the toucan is considered a symbol of protest.

16 x 20'' ; embroidery on silk; This banner illustrates a tale from ancient India. The four animals meet under the tree and start talking about who has discovered the tree; they each wanted to take credit and feel important. All had a reason why their story was correct. They finally conclude that they have each been a part of the life of the tree at different times. Moral: You cannot tell the importance of a person by his strength, his power, or his size. Instead, you must listen to each other and allow every person to share the shade of the tree of life. The complete text of the tale is available. See VF 049.

8.5'' ; wooden ; black; This figure may represent a Queenmother (Ohennaa) figure. The high forehead and distinct designs at the top of the head reflect Akan ideals of beauty. She is portrayed seated on a stool, representing her important role in the Ashante community. Her imp.

12'' ; wood ; leather ; hand-painted; Carved from yellow and red cedar capture the form and spirit of the raven and other animals that inspired Northwest Coastal art and mythology. They also represented the shaman's powers and belief in transformation between human and animal spirits. Polish with beeswax or paste wax only.

Ceramic ; 3.5'' X 2'' ; white and brown slip; The basket was handmade and used for traditional ceremonies. It features the decorations of tadpoles and frogs because of their association to water and the rain season that was vital to Zuni agriculture. The stepped rim surrounding the basket also holds significance to Zuni agriculture because it represents rainclouds. The four points represent the four directions. It is painted white to represent Earth. Every step of the process of making the Zuni pottery is very important to the maker. Rituals and ceremonies are related to every step from finding the clay to painting the designs.

A Mate (originally a dried and decorated gourd) and ''straw'' are used to drink Yerba Mate (Mate Herb), a tea-like beverage consumed mainly in Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and southern Brazil. Mate can be made out of almost anything these days. In Sout.

2.5'' flat, round paperweight ; bronze; The original coin from Naxos (an island off southern Italy) was made of silver, and was approximately one inch in size. The relief shows Dionysos, the wine god. 4 drachmas, 461 D.C. Handmade, #9.

3' x 1.5'' ; natural plant; Created by an artist from one of the indigenous cultures that live in Brazil. The deign had been stained or burned into the surface and then engraved to further define the images. Currently, close to 350,000 Indians live in Brazil, distributed over 562 indigenous territories. There are 206 societies (ethnic groups) who speak 170 different indigenous languages. The majority - 70% of the total - is concentrated on a part of the Legal Amazon that includes 6 states: Amazonas, Acre, Roraima, Rondonia, Mato Grosso do sul, and Para. Aside from these, we should also consider the existence of 40 isolated societies in the western Amazon.

Varnished wood ; 12'' tall; This accurately proportioned figure adjusts to assume most human positions. It is for learning the basics of figure drawing.

4 x 4'' box with 5 gem stones; This small box includes samples of 5 gem stones found in Brazil: Aquamarine, Tourmaline, Citrine, Amethyst, and Emerald. Information included with the set describes each stone, its colors, and a bit of history for each stone.

Painted wood ; 9.5 x 7 x 4''; This folk art sculpture is signed and dated on the bottom ''Soto El Valle, Panama, 2003.'' Bright colors of red, orange, yellow, and white are painted over the base coat of black. A semi-circle has been cut out over the back of the body. It can be inserted or removed. Its purpose is unknown.

1.75 x 1.5'' ; black pottery; This small bowl, likely created by a student under the direction of a teacher, illustrates the popular black-matte, or black-on-black, pottery made famous by Maria and Julian Martinez. Most black pottery being produced today at San Ildefonso contains design elements of the avanyu (or water serpent), feathers, traditional symbolism, and other geometric patterns. It is similar in type as a work by Maria Martinez in the Krannert Decorative Arts Gallery.

8'' wood; This serving spoon, possibly carved from common alder wood, has a diamond star pattern carved on the handle.

3 x 1.5 x 2'' ; Ceramic replica; Gods were numerous among the pre-Columbia civilizations of Mexico. Gods of sun, rain, corn, and fertility were prominent. Yum Kaax, the Maize god, was representative of grain, which was the stable of the Mayan agriculture. The Maize god had a headdress.

Black resin copy, 4.5 x 3 x 1; This small, round receptacle, originally made of terra cotta, has an opening in the middle for pouring in the oil, a spout for the wick, and a handle. This style of lamp was thrown and turned on the wheel and glazed black. There is no figured decoration, but the harmonious shape and the effective contrasted coloring made them works of art.

6.25'' tall, 4'' wide ; pottery; This vase is a 20th Century reproduction of a Greek style vase with bisque finish in the fashion of 8th Century BCE. Typical of the eighth century BCE vase, the design includes a large amount of geometric designs and black stylized figures. In this vase horses are shown in profile and without other colors added to the figure. The red color is not consistent with eighth century vases, which usually only used black color added to the reddish surface. The bisque finish was achieved by not re-firing the item after the painting was added.

Palm fibers ; 3.5 x 3''; Women of the Wounaan and Ember tribes make elegant baskets from the fibers of the nahuala plant and chunga palm, which grow in the Darien Rainforest of Panama. The fibers of the nahuala plant are used for the foundation, while strands of the finer chunga p.

12 x 17'' painted bark; Tapa Cloth is a traditional handicraft and art form in the Pacific Islands. The material is the pulpy underbark of the paper mulberry tree, pounded on smoothed logs into paper-thin sheets by village women. The paints in the geometric or nature-inspired designs are made of colored pigments from various barks and roots mixed with natural gum, oils, and resin from native trees. Different Polynesian groups each have their own distrinctive tapa designs, such as this turtle.

5'' tall ; ceramic; The original was discovered in 1876 by Frances Simonin in a small mound located near Cahokia Mounds site in Illinois. The vessel was apparently made to hold liquids or small objects. The original Madonna was dated at about 1000-1400 during the Mississippian Period. The Madonna water bottle represents the only known type made by prehistoric Indians of the Midwest that depicted a mother nursing a child. Perhaps the artist was representing fertility, an important phenonenon in this agricultural culture. For this and other reasons, women held a high status in the community. They were responsible for farming, and one's linage was traced through the mothers family. (RINGS: five passions in world art, pg 21).

9 x 8 x 5'' ; glazed ceramic; Birds and coastal water creatures were frequently depicted in the art of ancient Peru. The Moche culture dominated the North coast of Peru during the Classic Period (250-900 C.E.). This modeled, sculptural vessel is representative of Moche pottery, and.

5'' round x 5'' tall ; natural fibers; This basket is made from the Buriti palm. The Buriti is a palm of the Amazon basin and of the humid regions to the south. It bears large, long clusters of fruit, each about 2 inches long, with the individual fruits covered with scales. This palm is one of the a life-sustaining palms in Brazil. In addition to the typical uses of the vegetative parts in construction and weaving, parts of this palm are used as food: the sap, the pulp of the fruit, and the kernel of the nut.

6 x 18 x 14'' ; natural fibers; This basket is made of quinet, the husk from the flower of coconut palm tree. The coconut tree grows in large numbers on large plantations, and can grow up to 30-35 meters high. It has long green leaves that turn brown after some time. The coconut husk has many purposes in the Philippines. It can be used to make a hat or basket. You can use the first quarter of the whole coconut husk as a brush to polish the floor. This was a very common way of keeping the floor clean and shiny, especially in wooden houses with wooden floors. This is done by putting the piece of coconut under your feet and then just moving back and forth. The dry broom can be used to sweep the yard. Additionally, if there is no kerosene you can use quinet to light a fire, as it is highly inflammable.

4'' square Ceramic; This blue painted tile illustrates a traditional image of the Dutch community. It is only in Holland that so many windmills are present in so small an area. They are said to have existed in Holland from about 1200. While at first they served to grind corn, to remove excess water from the low-lying districts, and to saw timber, they developed into a most important factor in the social structure of the 17th century. In the landscape, the windmill is symbolic of the gravity of the Dutch character. Planted solidly on the Earth, it is an incarnation of force. It is in perfect harmony with the natural scenery, built of native brick and thatched with reed. All the primitive structural parts of the windmill reveal simplicity, realism, and practical usefulness. Its appearance testifies to its association with the primeval forces of nature: wind and water.