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Inclusive preschool classrooms have become increasingly common in recent decades, affording opportunities for children with and without disabilities opportunities to interact and develop positive relationships. Children with disabilities may be unintentionally excluded from these interactions due to communication differences. This paper discusses one assistive technology tool, called visual scene displays (VSDs), for supporting communication and interaction between children. Specifically, the paper aims to: (a) describe VSDs; (b) discuss why VSDs are particularly well-suited for supporting social communication between young children; (c) describe how VSDs are created and introduced to children; and (d) provide examples of how VSDs may be implemented during two common preschool activities: object play and shared storybook reading. Finally, resources for creating VSDs are offered.

Abstract We performed a deep proteogenomic analysis of bulk tumor and laser microdissection enriched tumor cell populations from high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) tissue specimens spanning a broad spectrum of purity. We identified patients with longer progression-free survival had increased immune-related signatures and validated proteins correlating with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in 65 tumors from an independent cohort of HGSOC patients, as well as with overall survival in an additional 126 HGSOC patient cohort. We identified that homologous recombination deficient (HRD) tumors are enriched in pathways associated with metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation that we validated in independent patient cohorts. We further identified that polycomb complex protein BMI-1 is elevated in HR proficient (HRP) tumors, that elevated BMI-1 correlates with poor overall survival in HRP but not HRD HGSOC patients, and that HRP HGSOC cells are uniquely sensitive to BMI-1 inhibition.

Abstract Histopathologic diagnosis and classification of cancer plays a critical role in guiding treatment. Advances in next-generation sequencing have ushered in new complementary molecular frameworks. However, existing approaches do not independently assess both site-of-origin (e.g. prostate) and lineage (e.g. adenocarcinoma) and have minimal validation in metastatic disease, where classification is more difficult. Utilizing gradient-boosted machine learning, we developed ATLAS, a pair of separate AI Tumor Lineage and Site-of-origin models from RNA expression data on 8249 tumor samples. We assessed performance independently in 10,376 total tumor samples, including 1490 metastatic samples, achieving an accuracy of 91.4% for cancer site-of-origin and 97.1% for cancer lineage. High confidence predictions (encompassing the majority of cases) were accurate 98–99% of the time in both localized and remarkably even in metastatic samples. We also identified emergent properties of our lineage scores for tumor types on which the model was never trained (zero-shot learning). Adenocarcinoma/sarcoma lineage scores differentiated epithelioid from biphasic/sarcomatoid mesothelioma. Also, predicted lineage de-differentiation identified neuroendocrine/small cell tumors and was associated with poor outcomes across tumor types. Our platform-independent single-sample approach can be easily translated to existing RNA-seq platforms. ATLAS can complement and guide traditional histopathologic assessment in challenging situations and tumors of unknown primary.

Children with autism spectrum disorder often display some form of challenging behavior and have complex communication needs. Functional communication training is an evidence-based practice that (a) decreases challenging behavior and (b) increases appropriate communicative behavior. Recent research has demonstrated how using augmentative and alternative communication (i.e., various forms of communication that do not involve vocal speech) can be successfully incorporated into functional communication training interventions. This article introduces a four-step guide on how to incorporate augmentative and alternative communication within functional communication training interventions. Detailed guidelines on how to incorporate augmentative and alternative communication, along with a vignette example, are provided.

Abstract Background Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X‐linked recessive disorder that predisposes individuals to hemolysis due to an inborn error of metabolism. We performed a systematic literature review to evaluate G6PD deficiency as a possible etiology of nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) and severe fetal anemia. Methods PubMed, OVID Medline, Scopus, and clinicaltrials.gov were queried from inception until 31 April 2023 for all published cases of NIHF and severe fetal anemia caused by G6PD deficiency. Keywords included “fetal edema,” “hydrops fetalis,” “glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency,” and “fetal anemia.” Cases with workup presuming G6PD deficiency as an etiology for NIHF and severe fetal anemia were included. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Results Five cases of G6PD‐related NIHF and one case of severe fetal anemia were identified. Four fetuses (4/6, 66.7%) were male and two fetuses (2/6, 33.3%) were female. Mean gestational age at diagnosis of NIHF/anemia and delivery was 32.2 ± 4.9 and 35.7 ± 2.4 weeks, respectively. Four cases (66.7%) required a cordocentesis for fetal transfusion, and two cases (33.3%) received blood transfusions immediately following delivery. Among the four multigravida cases, two (50%) noted previous pregnancies complicated by neonatal anemia. When reported, the maternal cases included two G6PD deficiency carrier patients and two G6PD‐deficient patients. Exposures to substances known to cause G6PD deficiency‐related hemolysis occurred in 3/6 (50%) cases. Conclusion Six cases of NIHF/severe fetal anemia were associated with G6PD deficiency. While G6PD deficiency is an X‐linked recessive condition, female fetuses can be affected. Fetal G6PD deficiency testing can be considered if parental history indicates, particularly if the standard workup for NIHF is negative.

Introduction/rationale Protein biomarkers may help enable the prediction of incident interstitial features on chest CT.Methods We identified which protein biomarkers in a cohort of smokers (COPDGene) differed between those with and without objectively measured interstitial features at baseline using a univariate screen (t-test false discovery rate, FDR p

While school performance suggests students with learning disabilities require intervention to demonstrate mathematics proficiency, little is known about how they approach problem solving in secondary geometry. Think aloud protocols highlight the higher order thinking skills underlying complex academic tasks. We conducted an exploratory descriptive analysis exploring the cognitive and metacognitive processes underlying problem solving with the Pythagorean Theorem in secondary students with and without learning disabilities (n = 8). Using an established cognitive-metacognitive theoretical framework, we coded and analyzed student verbalizations during a think aloud protocol. Results indicated that, compared to general education students, students with learning disabilities made shorter and fewer verbalizations advancing toward accurate problem solutions and longer and more frequent verbalizations hindering successful problem solving. Findings and implications for research and practice are discussed.

Over 8 million children under the age of 14 live with a disability in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. These children are often denied educational opportunities and related services that have the potential to enhance their quality of life. In this qualitative study, we conducted a secondary analysis of interviews with eight parents of individuals with disabilities living in the Republic of Panama. The aim of this study was to examine the parental perceptions of disability, communication supports afforded to individuals with disabilities, and enablers and barriers families face when raising, educating, and finding services for their children. Four general themes emerged from the analysis of the transcript: child characteristics, child communication, sources of support, and barriers to inclusion. Implications and possible solutions are discussed.

Agricultural education programs are experiencing pressure to change from a variety of educational and societal influences. This pressure is not new to agricultural education programs. The evolution of vocational agriculture from 1945 to 1963 provides a historical example of vocational education change as a result of social influences. Rural America experienced unprecedented emigration after World War II. The loss of students from farming families, the intended recipients of vocational agriculture, should have hampered local programs, but in fact the opposite occurred: enrollment in vocational agriculture continued to grow. We examine how vocational agriculture teachers transformed local programs to match their emerging clientele before the Vocational Education Act of 1963.

Delays in communication are commonly experienced by young children who are not meeting developmental milestones. Early naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions are efficacious, and parents can successfully embed these communication strategies into playtime routines, including when coaching is delivered via telepractice. Video feedback is a strength-based coaching method that has been successfully applied to increase positive parenting behaviors (e.g., descriptive praise, responsivity). However, limited research exists on the use of video feedback as a coaching tool for parents of children with developmental delays for communication interventions. We evaluated the effects of a telepractice-based parent training followed by joint reflections and video feedback coaching on parent strategy use and child communication targets, using a concurrent multiple-baseline across three parent-child dyads design. Parent perceptions of the feasibility and appropriateness of the intervention were positive. We discuss implications and provide suggestions for future research and practice.

With the generation of spatially resolved transcriptomics of microbial biofilms, computational tools can be used to integrate this data to elucidate the multi-scale mechanisms controlling heterogeneous biofilm metabolism. This work presents a Multi-scale model of Metabolism In Cellular Systems (MiMICS) which is a computational framework that couples a genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction (GENRE) with Hybrid Automata Library (HAL), an existing agent-based model and reaction-diffusion model platform. A key feature of MiMICS is the ability to incorporate multiple -omics-guided metabolic models, which can represent unique metabolic states that yield different metabolic parameter values passed to the extracellular models. We used MiMICS to simulate Pseudomonas aeruginosa regulation of denitrification and oxidative stress metabolism in hypoxic and nitric oxide (NO) biofilm microenvironments. Integration of P. aeruginosa PA14 biofilm spatial transcriptomic data into a P. aeruginosa PA14 GENRE generated four PA14 metabolic model states that were input into MiMICS. Characteristic of aerobic, denitrification, and oxidative stress metabolism, the four metabolic model states predicted different oxygen, nitrate, and NO exchange fluxes that were passed as inputs to update the agent's local metabolite concentrations in the extracellular reaction-diffusion model. Individual bacterial agents chose a PA14 metabolic model state based on a combination of stochastic rules, and agents sensing local oxygen and NO. Transcriptome-guided MiMICS predictions suggested microscale denitrification and oxidative stress metabolic heterogeneity emerged due to local variability in the NO biofilm microenvironment. MiMICS accurately predicted the biofilm's spatial relationships between denitrification, oxidative stress, and central carbon metabolism. As simulated cells responded to extracellular NO, MiMICS revealed dynamics of cell populations heterogeneously upregulating reactions in the denitrification pathway, which may function to maintain NO levels within non-toxic ranges. We demonstrated that MiMICS is a valuable computational tool to incorporate multiple -omics-guided metabolic models to mechanistically map heterogeneous microbial metabolic states to the biofilm microenvironment.

Human enteroviruses are the most common human pathogen with over 300 distinct genotypes. Previous work with poliovirus has suggested that it is possible to generate antibody responses in humans and animals that can recognize members of multiple enterovirus species. However, cross protective immunity across multiple enteroviruses is not observed epidemiologically in humans. Here we investigated whether immunization of mice or baboons with inactivated poliovirus or enterovirus virus-like-particles (VLPs) vaccines generates antibody responses that can recognize enterovirus D68 or A71. We found that mice only generated antibodies specific for the antigen they were immunized with, and repeated immunization failed to generate cross-reactive antibody responses as measured by both ELISA and neutralization assay. Immunization of baboons with IPV failed to generate neutralizing antibody responses against enterovirus D68 or A71. These results suggest that a multivalent approach to enterovirus vaccination is necessary to protect against enterovirus disease in vulnerable populations.

Summary: Numerous multi-omic investigations of cancer tissue have documented varying and poor pairwise transcript:protein quantitative correlations, and most deconvolution tools aiming to predict cell type proportions (cell admixture) have been developed and credentialed using transcript-level data alone. To estimate cell admixture using protein abundance data, we analyzed proteome and transcriptome data generated from contrived admixtures of tumor, stroma, and immune cell models or those selectively harvested from the tissue microenvironment by laser microdissection from high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) tumors. Co-quantified transcripts and proteins performed similarly to estimate stroma and immune cell admixture (r ≥ 0.63) in two commonly used deconvolution algorithms, ESTIMATE or ConsensusTME. We further developed and optimized protein-based signatures estimating cell admixture proportions and benchmarked these using bulk tumor proteomic data from over 150 patients with HGSOC. The optimized protein signatures supporting cell type proportion estimates from bulk tissue proteomic data are available at https://lmdomics.org/ProteoMixture/.

Abstract After decades of work, several interventions to prevent severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in high-risk infant and older adult populations have finally been approved. There were many setbacks along the road to victory. In this review, I will discuss the impact of RSV on human health and how structure-based vaccine design set the stage for numerous RSV countermeasures to advance through late phase clinical evaluation. While there are still many RSV countermeasures in preclinical and early-stage clinical trials, this review will focus on products yielding long-awaited efficacy results. Finally, I will discuss some challenges and next steps needed to declare a global victory against RSV.

This article examines aspects of the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and religion, challenging Western Christian perspectives that warn against playing God and ascribing human and God-like characteristics to AI. Instead of a theistic emphasis, East Asian religious perspectives emphasize concern for the potential implications of AI on communities and relationships. This article argues for the inclusion of perspectives from Chinese and Korean traditions in the growing discourse on AI and religion to adequately address the potential social impacts of AI technologies. First, we describe some of the questions and concerns being posed regarding AI and consider how certain normative interpretations of Western Christianity may influence some of these issues. Second, we discuss the contributions of Asian philosophies and religious traditions, which emphasize relationality and fluidity, to provide alternative approaches to AI. Third, we outline the discussion of AI from Confucian, Daoist, and Buddhist traditions, which see the cosmos as an interwoven whole and both humans and the cosmos as evolving. Lastly, we introduce the example of digital resurrection (e.g., deadbots) and consider how the philosophical and theological Korean concept of Jeong might refocus our understanding of the potential impacts of this AI technology.