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Copyright of Electric Drive for Locomotives is the property of Electric Drive for Locomotives Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Drive for Locomotives is the property of Electric Drive for Locomotives Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this work is to determine the switching frequency of a transistor converter for a traction collector motor of a locomotive based on the criterion of permissible current ripple. The stated goal is achieved by solving the following problem: a methodology for determining the consideration of changes in motor parameters when calculating the switching frequency of the transistor converter is proposed. The peculiarity of the proposed approach is that it takes into account the degree of saturation of individual parts of the magnetic system of the electric motor. The most significant result is an increase in the accuracy of calculating the switching frequency by taking into account the change in the inductance of the commutator motor windings when the degree of saturation of the magnetic system changes. The switching frequency for a DC traction motor with a pulse converter is calculated. Two main operating modes of the electric motor are considered: with full magnetic flux and with weakened magnetic flux. As a result of calculations, it was established that the dependence of switching frequency on currents is nonlinear. For the operating mode of the electric motor with full magnetic flux, the switching frequency is determined taking into account the processes in the field winding circuits and in the armature circuit windings. The most important results are the determination of the switching frequency of the pulse converter for powering and regulating the traction motor in all operating modes. The proposed methodology allows the selection of transistor devices for the converter according to the switching frequency.

The lateral stability and control of carrier-based aircraft towbarless tractor system are analysed. Considering the coupled motion effects of carrier roll, pitch and heave, a four degree of freedom time-varying nonlinear dynamic model of the carrier-based aircraft towbarless tractor system is established. The lateral stability of the traction system is analysed, and the discrimination method of the system instability form is proposed. The yaw rate of the tractor and the lateral speed of the carrier-based aircraft are selected as variables, the lateral stability controller is designed using sliding mode control (SMC) theory and the compensation torque and lateral force required for the lateral stability control of the traction system are obtained, thereby achieving tracking of the ideal values. The simulation results show that the designed control scheme can effectively controls the yaw rate of the target tractor and the lateral speed of the carrier-based aircraft, ensuring the lateral stability of the carrier-based aircraft towbarless tractor system.

This paper presents a method to establish typical operating conditions for train traction systems by combining site-based short trip analysis with nonparametric tests, in order to overcome various obstacles, such as inadequate efficiency testing results based on rated points of train traction systems, which often fail to accurately reflect the actual energy efficiency level of systems during long-distance operation under multiple conditions, and the existing absence of typical operating conditions essential for supporting the evaluation of traction systems' energy efficiency levels and guiding the energy-saving design of products. First, short trips were categorized, screened and randomly combined. Then, the optimal short-trip combination was identified through nonparametric tests. Subsequently, the typical operating conditions were developed, taking the traction system of an electric locomotive model as a case study. Furthermore, the proposed method was verified by analyzing errors in operating characteristic parameters and assessing the similarities in velocity-force (V-F) distribution probability two-dimensional matrix. The verification results revealed a deviation between the constructed typical operating conditions and the characteristic values derived from sampled data at 4.54%, and the consistency in V-F distribution probabilities at 98.06%. These findings indicate that the method proposed in this paper accurately reflects the actual operating characteristics of train traction systems, with the established typical operating conditions closely aligning with the actual operating conditions of train traction systems, underscoring their potential for aiding in energy-saving design and energy efficiency evaluation for train traction systems.

Increasing attention has been paid to the efficiency improvement of the induction traction system of high-speed trains due to the high demand for energy saving. In emergency self-propelled mode, however, the dc-link voltage and the traction power of the motor are significantly reduced, resulting in decreased traction efficiency due to the low load and low speed operations. Aiming to tackle this problem, a novel efficiency improved control method is introduced to the emergency mode of high-speed train traction system in this paper. In the proposed method, a total loss model of induction motor considering the behaviors of both iron and copper loss is established. An improved iterative algorithm with decreased computational burden is then introduced, resulting in a fast solving of the optimal flux reference for loss minimization at each control period. In addition, considering the parameter variation problem due to the low load and low speed operations, a parameter estimation method is integrated to improve the controller's robustness. The effectiveness of the proposed method on efficiency improvement at low voltage and low load conditions is demonstrated by simulated and experimental results.

Copyright of Electric Drive for Locomotives is the property of Electric Drive for Locomotives Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Railway Science & Engineering is the property of Journal of Railway Science & Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

When a diesel engine operates at non constant power output, it not only has low fuel efficiency but may also generate significant mechanical stress, leading to wear and damage of mechanical components. In order to ensure the efficient operation of diesels within diesel multiple units (DMU), this paper proposes a proportional-integral (PI) control approach based on the operational mode of the diesel generator sets featuring constant power output. This method was devised to steadily synchronize power of the traction systems on the load side with the target output power of the diesel generator sets. In turn, constant power operation on the load side guarantees a constant power output from the generator sets, thereby improving the fuel economy of the diesels. Through simulation and experimental tests, steady state fluctuations in load power were maintained within ±2%, demonstrating the effective constant power operation and the real-time alignment of load power with the target value.

The neutral-point-clamped multiport inverter (MPI) has recently gained significant attention in compact architectures for multisource systems, where multiple sources provide power to a common load. While existing studies primarily address modulation and control issues, there is a lack of comprehensive system-level analyses that evaluate the suitability of MPI-based architectures for specific applications. This paper presents a comprehensive study on an MPI-based partial-power-processing propulsion system concept for a hydrogen-powered train. The layout, control, and operation of the MPI-based traction system is thoroughly described and validated with simulations and experiments. The VA rating, weight, and volume of the MPI-based power conversion system are estimated and compared with those of the benchmark propulsion architecture. The study indicates that the MPI-based traction architecture achieves a higher VA rating compared to the standard architecture due to the higher part count. Furthermore, a slight increase in the total weight and volume of power electronics is observed for the fuel cell train when the MPI is integrated on board. These drawbacks arise from differences in operation, energy management, and system topology between the fuel cell train and other rail vehicles for which effective size reductions enabled by the MPI have been documented in the literature.

Copyright of Urban Mass Transit is the property of Urban Mass Transit Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Drive for Locomotives is the property of Electric Drive for Locomotives Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Drive for Locomotives is the property of Electric Drive for Locomotives Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Energy flow analysis is an important means to analyze vehicle energy consumption, which is the basis of vehicle energy consumption optimization. The new energy battery underground Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) is a new type of underground mining equipment, and there are few researches on its energy flow and energy consumption efficiency of each component. To investigate the energy loss of its underground operation is the focus of the research to extend its endurance. This paper applied energy flow analysis method to energy consumption analysis of new energy LHDs for the first time, established an energy flow model, designed test groups and carried out working condition tests according to battery temperature and working condition of LHDs, collected test data and studied the test results based on energy flow analysis method. The results show that the energy loss of new energy LHD is concentrated in the traction system and battery system. The ineffective operation caused by the driver's inadaptability to the electric drive operation and the imperfect control strategy of the traction system are the main factors leading to the high energy consumption of the traction system. The accumulated temperature caused by the rapid charging of the battery system will affect the energy distribution of the LHD and reduce its battery life. By optimizing the traction system and battery system, the energy consumption of the new energy LHD is reduced by 13%. The research shows that the energy flow analysis of new energy LHD can intuitively understand their energy flow and energy consumption, which is helpful to find high energy consumption problems and propose optimization directions, so as to reduce energy consumption, improve energy utilization efficiency and extend service life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the structure of the traction system of a shunting diesel locomotive with hybrid power, which performs both shunting work at the station and hauling work, is proposed. In order to develop the structure of the traction system, which will work effectively in both modes of operation of the shunting diesel locomotive, an analysis of the structures of the traction systems of diesel locomotives with hybrid power, produced by the world's leading companies, is carried out. In order to choose the optimal type of storage device, an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of supercapacitor batteries and lithium-ion batteries is carried out. On the basis of the analysis of the structures of traction systems of diesel locomotives with hybrid power of leading companies and the advantages and disadvantages of supercapacitor batteries and lithium-ion batteries, the structure of the traction system of a shunting diesel locomotive with hybrid power, which performs both shunting work at the station and hauling work, is developed. In the proposed traction system structure, each traction motor receives power from a separate traction converter. The power for powering the traction motors during shunting work is transmitted from supercapacitor batteries, when carrying out hauling work - from lithium-ion batteries. This study can be used in the design of the traction system of a new and in the modernization of an existing shunting diesel locomotive.

[Objective] In the early operation stage of Jinan Metro Line 3, multiple sporadic high-speed circuit breaker closing failures are reported. To improve the reliability of train operation, it is necessary to optimize the high-speed circuit breaker control circuit in the traction system. [Method] According to the relevant closing command and the component status when a closure failure of the high-speed circuit breaker on Line 3 train occurs, and in accordance with the control logic principle of the high-speed breaker, the causes of the occasional closure failure are analyzed and the optimization measures are put forward. [Result & Conclusion] The causes of the occasional closure failure are that in the process of closure control of high-speed circuit breaker, the induced electromotive force generated at both ends of the high-speed circuit breaker coil makes the closing power insufficient, resulting in the failure closure of the breaker. The improvement measure is to connect freewheel diodes at both ends of the high-speed circuit coil to suppress the induced electromotive force generated by the above coil. With the above improvement measure, the closure failure of the high-speed circuit breaker caused by induced electromotive force never occurs again, and the reliability of train operation is effectively improved.

Under certain working conditions, the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) traction system of urban rail transit shows negative impedance characteristics, which is easy to cause voltage resonance of DC-link and lead to instability of the system. In order to ensure the stability of the system, a DC-link oscillation suppression method based on q-axis voltage compensation is proposed. Firstly, the PMSM traction system and oscillation mechanism of DC-link are analyzed. Secondly, a stable control method based on q-axis feedforward decoupling voltage compensation is adopted to realize the decoupling control of PMSM and the suppression of DC-link oscillation. Finally, the method is verified on a 180 kW PMSM traction system, simulation and experiment verify the effectiveness of the DC-link oscillation suppression method.

Focused on the problem of inefficient maintenance of heavy haul electric locomotives, the comprehensive technology of data acquisition and processing, fault diagnosis and warning, health assessment and maintenance decision-making adopted in current maintenance management and academic research in China are studied. A framework of prognostics and health management (PHM) is proposed in this paper to ensure the operational safety of heavy haul locomotives. This framework is consist of four key systems, including pantograph catenary, traction, braking and running system. This framework can realize the health and maintenance management of locomotives through online status monitoring, real-time state assessment and conditional maintenance decision support, and promote the maintenance mode upgrading of heavy haul locomotives from traditional planned preventive maintenance to condition based maintenance. It also provides a good theoretical basis and guidance for solving the contradiction between heavy haul locomotive operation safety and maintenance economy, and realizing locomotive condition based maintenance. At the same time, traction motor, the key equipment of traction system, is taken as a case to analyze and verify the proposed PHM technology based on the existing control signals. It effectively solves the problems of insufficient coverage of detection items and insufficient diagnostic ability of existing locomotive PHM system.

Copyright of Railway Standard Design is the property of Railway Standard Design Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the field of heavy-duty transportation of electric locomotives, the power of traction converters can reach MW, but the switching frequency needs to be kept at several hundred Hz. In addition, the converter needs to maintain a high transient response to load changes and keep grid-side harmonics at a low level, which is difficult to meet simultaneously. More critically, load disturbances often occur in electric locomotives during operation, which may lead to DC voltage pulsations and more serious overvoltage faults, which in turn lead to an increase in grid harmonics and a reduction in the stability of the traction system. To address the above challenges, this paper proposes a state observer-based power feedforward control method for high-power locomotives, which helps to improve the dynamic performance of the converter while minimizing harmonics to the grid, thus achieving more stable operation of the traction system. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by simulations and multi-condition experiments on a 1.2MW electric traction platform.

To solve the problem of maintaining equipment on high-speed railway lines with long ramp,this paper designs an electric drive traction system for engineering vehicles suitable for long ramp,by increasing the power of the diesel engine and combining the good traction and braking performance of the electric drive.The traction system can adopt a two-vehicle fixed couple operation mode, and the vehicle has high power and strong braking ability. It effectively solves the problems of insufficient power for uphill and high temperature of downhill brake shoes for traditional maintenance vehicles running on long ramp. Compared with HXN5 freight locomotive, the designed electric drive engineering vehicle has the characteristics of light weight, small inertia and short braking distance, which greatly reduces the possibility of damage to the rail during maintenance. Compared with HXN5 freight locomotive, which can only be pulled forward and cannot be driven backward, the new electric drive engineering vehicle can travel forward and backward, which greatly reduces time waste and improves maintenance efficiency.Type test result of whole vehicle and actual test result of Xicheng high speed railway show that the electric drive rail engineering vehicle using this traction system can reach a maximum speed of 107 km/h uphill, and can run stably within 100 km/h after applying resistance braking as the vehicle being downhill, and the electric drive traction system is stable and reliable.

Copyright of Journal of Harbin University of Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Harbin University of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai University of Engineering Science / Shanghai Gongcheng Jishu Daxue Xuebao is the property of Journal of Shanghai University of Engineering Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The current maintenance mode of the subway vehicle traction system does not consider the change of failure rate in the operation of components, and there is an unreasonable maintenance interval and high maintenance cost. To solve this problem, a dynamic preventive maintenance strategy for subway vehicle traction systems considering stages is proposed. Service age decreasing factor and failure rate increasing factor are introduced to build a new dynamic reliability model considering the effect of preventive maintenance on component failure rate. Non-preventive failure maintenance, preventive maintenance, preventive update maintenance and opportunistic maintenance are adopted. For the components in degradation or random failure stages, a preventive maintenance optimization model with the least maintenance cost, constrained by reliability, is established. The maintenance strategy is optimized and solved based on the enumeration method to obtain single-component irregular preventive maintenance intervals and multi-component group preventive maintenance times. The results show that the proposed maintenance models are reasonable and feasible. On the premise of ensuring the system reliability, the number of vehicle outages for maintenance and the maintenance cost are reduced. Feasible and effective maintenance models and methods are provided. They can ensure the reliability of subway vehicles and reduce maintenance costs. The effectiveness and economy of maintenance work is increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electric Machines & Control / Dianji Yu Kongzhi Xuebao is the property of Electric Machines & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The pulse rectifier of a traction system in locomotives and electric multiple unit (EMUs) is usually vulnerable to performance degradation and faults due to uncertain factors, such as vibrations, aging, electromagnetic interferences. In order to ensure adequate redundancy and isolation measures in time to avoid fault propagation in traction systems, a real-time fault diagnosis method for sensors and IGBTs of the impulse rectifier is proposed, which lays a foundation for the redundant design of traction systems. Once a fault is detected in this paper, which can immediately act to the detected faults and take effective remedial measures to avoid the failure of the whole system. It is based on the structural analysis of the traction system whose structural model of interest will be established. Meanwhile, the structural model is evaluated and optimized according to the analytical relation model under various fault conditions, and the minimum structural overdetermined sets (MSOs) are obtained based on the optimized model, which can be used to isolate all faults. Using the MSOs, the redundancy relationship is deduced and the sequence residuals are generated. Afterward, the cumulative sum (CUSUM) algorithm is used for diagnosis decision making. The effectiveness of the proposed method is finally verified on a hardware-in-loop test platform, which can accurately simulate a traction system. It shows that the proposed method can achieve both good feasibility and high accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Nowadays, electric vehicle development takes a great attention in vehicle industry and researches, due to demising supplies of fuel, less pollution, and developing many resources of generating electricity as renewable energy and clean resources. Results This research is a part of the Autotronics Research Lab (ARL), applying researches on autonomous and electric vehicles. The main aim of the research is to apply vector control method on traction control system of electric vehicle (mini golf cart) by using two hub motors on the rear wheels while the two front wheels are used for steering; it is assumed that the controlled vehicle is fitted with some equipment which can used in autonomous driving. Simulation results show the output response of speed and torque of the vehicle motors and vehicle speed while the vehicle is moving in a straight line or during steering and also show the fusion between vector control and power steering algorithm. Conclusions The system preforms the efficiency, safety, accuracy, and more controllability of electric vehicle traction system, leading to more stability in vehicle speed, lower troubleshoots, and less error in unstable surfaces and bad roads.

A six-phase motor with a high degree of freedom can be converted into a three-phase motor in order to be used in a traction system. In addition, when phase-change technology is applied, it is possible to establish an efficient control strategy tailored to the driving environment of the EVs. Therefore, in this paper, a down-scaled 3 kW permanent-magnet-assisted synchronous motor (PMa-SynRM) capable of phase switching was designed, and its driving states in controlled fault modes were analyzed through experiments. The PMa-SynRM selected for this study was a machine that had good fault-tolerance capabilities and was less expensive than an IPMSM with the same performance; it was designed using the lumped-parameter method (LPM) having a fast calculating speed and a genetic algorithm. In addition, the effectiveness of the optimal design was verified by comparing the analytical results of the FEM and the LPM. Lastly, a phase switching experiment was conducted to analyze the steady-state and transient-state characteristics, and the results are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current maintenance mode of the subway vehicle traction system does not consider the change of failure rate in the operation of components, and there is an unreasonable maintenance interval and high maintenance cost. To solve this problem, a dynamic preventive maintenance strategy for subway vehicle traction systems considering stages is proposed. Service age decreasing factor and failure rate increasing factor are introduced to build a new dynamic reliability model considering the effect of preventive maintenance on component failure rate. Non-preventive failure maintenance, preventive maintenance, preventive update maintenance and opportunistic maintenance are adopted. For the components in degradation or random failure stages, a preventive maintenance optimization model with the least maintenance cost, constrained by reliability, is established. The maintenance strategy is optimized and solved based on the enumeration method to obtain single-component irregular preventive maintenance intervals and multi-component group preventive maintenance times. The results show that the proposed maintenance models are reasonable and feasible. On the premise of ensuring the system reliability, the number of vehicle outages for maintenance and the maintenance cost are reduced. Feasible and effective maintenance models and methods are provided. They can ensure the reliability of subway vehicles and reduce maintenance costs. The effectiveness and economy of maintenance work is increased.

In the AC electric locomotive traction drive system ，due to the low switching frequency， the multi-mode modulation strategy and switching method of traction system were studied， and the unified frame design method of motor control algorithm and multi-mode modulation strategy was realized． According to the characteristics of different synchronous modulation， a multi-mode PWM modulation strategy from asynchronous modulation to synchronous space vector pulse width modulation( SVPWM) ，then to synchronous selective harmonic pulse width modulation( SHEPWM) modulation up to square wave modulation was proposed． The switching strategy between different modes was studied and a method for three phase switching simultaneously was used． In order to avoid the phase angle matching problem between motor control strategy and multi-mode PWM， a unified framework design method that can simplify the implementation complexity of the algorithm was proposed and the design of current regulator and flux observer under low sampling rate was also discussed． Finally，the stable operation of electric locomotive in full speed range under traction condition without speed sensor was realized in the low-power traction experimental platform． Effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by the experimental results． [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric train system is a very large load for the power network. This load consumes a large amount of reactive power. In addition, it causes a massive unbalance to the network, which results in many problems such as voltage drops, high transmission losses, reduction in the transformer output ability, negative sequence current, mal-operation of protective relays, etc. In this paper, a novel real-time optimization approach is presented to adjust the static VAR compensator (SVC) for the traction system to realize two objectives; current unbalance reduction and reactive power compensation. A multi-objective optimization technique entitled non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is used to fulfill the regarded objectives simultaneously. A comprehensive simulator has been designed for electric train network modeling that is able to adjust the parameters of SVC in an optimum manner at any time and under any circumstances. The results illustrate that the provided method can efficiently reduce the unbalancing in current as well as supply the demanded reactive power with acceptable precision.

This study deals with the implementation of an efficient control strategy using battery–supercapacitor for an electric vehicle driven by a permanent‐magnet synchronous motor. The whole system consists of two parts: the energy management system and the traction system. The energy management system is mainly composed of a fuzzy‐Lyapunov controller used to regulate both the current sources and the DC‐bus voltage. For the traction system, direct torque control based on 12 sectors drive is used for the control of the motor to ensure both decoupled flux and torque with low ripple compared with the conventional Direct Torque Control (DTC). To make a comparative study for the energy management system, two strategies of energy management have been implemented. The first strategy does not include the regulation of the supercapacitor voltage, whereas the second one is based on the regulation of the supercapacitor voltage to protect it from deep discharge and avoid short circuit. The experimental tests were implemented using two dSPACE 1104 implementation boards. The results show that the system under the second energy control strategy works perfectly and verifies the effectiveness of the proposed control technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nowadays, electric vehicle development takes a great attention in vehicle industry and researches, due to demising supplies of fuel, less pollution, and developing many resources of generating electricity as renewable energy and clean resources. Results: This research is a part of the Autotronics Research Lab (ARL), applying researches on autonomous and electric vehicles. The main aim of the research is to apply vector control method on traction control system of electric vehicle (mini golf cart) by using two hub motors on the rear wheels while the two front wheels are used for steering; it is assumed that the controlled vehicle is fitted with some equipment which can used in autonomous driving. Simulation results show the output response of speed and torque of the vehicle motors and vehicle speed while the vehicle is moving in a straight line or during steering and also show the fusion between vector control and power steering algorithm. Conclusions: The system preforms the efficiency, safety, accuracy, and more controllability of electric vehicle traction system, leading to more stability in vehicle speed, lower troubleshoots, and less error in unstable surfaces and bad roads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a design of a cruise control based on a fractional-order proportional and integral (PI) direct torque control applied to the traction system of an electric vehicle (EV). The paper also discusses the modeling, control design and simulation, resulting in a numerical simulator composed of detailed models of the main components: transmission system, induction motor, power electronics, control system, and vehicle dynamics. The simulation was developed in MATLAB/Simulink and will allow the estimation of the energy consumption of an EV under specific configurations. Simulation results show the efficiency of the designed control. These simulations were carried out using the velocity profiles given by the New Europe Drive Cycle (NEDC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A six-phase motor with a high degree of freedom can be converted into a three-phase motor in order to be used in a traction system. In addition, when phase-change technology is applied, it is possible to establish an efficient control strategy tailored to the driving environment of the EVs. Therefore, in this paper, a down-scaled 3 kW permanent-magnet-assisted synchronous motor (PMa-SynRM) capable of phase switching was designed, and its driving states in controlled fault modes were analyzed through experiments. The PMa-SynRM selected for this study was a machine that had good fault-tolerance capabilities and was less expensive than an IPMSM with the same performance; it was designed using the lumped-parameter method (LPM) having a fast calculating speed and a genetic algorithm. In addition, the effectiveness of the optimal design was verified by comparing the analytical results of the FEM and the LPM. Lastly, a phase switching experiment was conducted to analyze the steady-state and transient-state characteristics, and the results are presented.