5 results on '"Tractatus de Herbis"'
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2. Entre image et pouvoir : l’extériorité des remèdes naturels et la perception de leurs propriétés dans la littérature médicale
- Author
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Iolanda Ventura
- Subjects
pharmacopeia ,Canon medicine ,complexion ,herbals ,Tractatus de herbis ,Manfredus de Monte Imperiali ,Social Sciences - Abstract
This study focuses on the role played by color and, more generally, by the external appearance of the natural object, in pharmacology and pharmacopoeia of the Middle Ages. The question is approached by considering, in a first part, the “theoretical” approach of Avicenna, which in the second book of his Canon of medicine, offers us the principles of the evaluation of the external characteristics of a natural object (flavor, smell, color) in order to understand its internal complexion. In the second part, we analyze the “practical” perception of the external aspect of the object by the authors of herbaria (notably the Pseudo Bartholomaeus Mini de Senis and Manfredus de Monte Imperiali, both authors of a Tractatus of herbis preserved in richly illustrated manuscripts), and in particular their tendency to add elements of external description of the natural object alongside its characteristics as a medicine.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Arzneimittel Vespertilio
- Author
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Philine Helas
- Subjects
Fledermaus ,illustriertes Kräuterbuch ,Buchmalerei ,Pharmakopöe ,Circa Instans ,Tractatus de Herbis ,Arts in general ,NX1-820 - Abstract
In contrast to other cultures, European Christian civilization tends to have negative emotions towards the bat, which is now suspected of having caused the Coronavirus pandemic as a virus carrier. The bat has unusual properties, which have been noticed by naturalists since ancient times: It is the only flying mammal, no other animal lives in such large groups so close together, and it navigates in the dark. Although its negative interpretation in Christianity is rooted in the Bible, it is only from ca. 1280 that it appears in art often entangled with devils and demons. The current article focuses on texts and images, especially in book illumination, in which a positive or neutral view of the animal can be found. Of particular interest is the bat in pharmacopoeia and its appearance in Italian herbaria of the fourteenth century.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Arzneimittel Vespertilio
- Author
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Helas, Philine
- Subjects
Fledermaus ,Buchmalerei ,Arts in general ,illustriertes Kräuterbuch ,Pharmakopöe ,Tractatus de Herbis ,NX1-820 ,Circa Instans - Abstract
In contrast to other cultures, European Christian civilization tends to have negative emotions towards the bat, which is now suspected of having caused the Coronavirus pandemic as a virus carrier. The bat has unusual properties, which have been noticed by naturalists since ancient times: It is the only flying mammal, no other animal lives in such large groups so close together, and it navigates in the dark. Although its negative interpretation in Christianity is rooted in the Bible, it is only from ca. 1280 that it appears in art often entangled with devils and demons. The current article focuses on texts and images, especially in book illumination, in which a positive or neutral view of the animal can be found. Of particular interest is the bat in pharmacopoeia and its appearance in Italian herbaria of the fourteenth century., 21: Inquiries into Art, History, and the Visual, Bd. 2 Nr. 3 (2021): 21: Inquiries into Art, History, and the Visual. Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte und visuellen Kultur
- Published
- 2021
5. Untersuchungen zu Lesbarkeit und Aussagekraft von Pflanzendarstellungen in mittelalterlichen Kräuterbuchhandschriften am Beispiel des Codex latinus monacensis 28531.
- Author
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Wagner, Eva-Maria and Wagner, Eva-Maria
- Abstract
Die Kräuterbuchhandschrift Codex latinus monacensis (Clm) 28531 der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek München ist in der 2. Hälfte des 15. Jahrhunderts in Oberitalien entstanden. Sie enthält rund 600 Kapitel über pflanzliche, tierische und mineralische Heilmittel, die zum größten Teil illustriert sind. Die Untersuchung von Lesbarkeit und Aussagekraft der Pflanzendarstellungen des Clm 28531 bezieht sich zum einen auf die Identifizierbarkeit der Pflanzenbilder, zum anderen auf eventuell durch das Bild vermittelte Informationen über die betreffende Pflanze. Illustrierte Kräuterbuchhandschriften sind von der Spätantike bis zum Ende des Mittelalters erhalten. In dieser Zeit war das Pflanzenbild ständigen Wandlungen unterworfen. Das Pflanzenbild der Spätantike ist erhalten in den Illustrationen des Juliana-Anicia-Codex (Cod. vind. med. gr. 1, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Wien), einer byzantinischen Handschrift von 512. Die Illustrationen zeichnen sich durch große Realitätsnähe bei gleichzeitiger didaktischer Klarheit aus. In den darauffolgenden Jahrhunderten entfernte sich das Pflanzenbild von der realistischen Darstellungsweise. Ein verändertes Stilempfinden und die Gewohnheit, vorhandene Abbildungen ohne Abgleich mit dem natürlichen Vorbild immer wieder zu kopieren, ließ stark vereinfachte und schematisierte Pflanzenbilder entstehen. Ab dem Ende des 14. Jahrhunderts kam es, ausgehend von der aus der Medizinschule von Salerno hervorgegangenen Drogenkunde De simplici medicina (Circa instans) zu einer erneuerten Pflanzendarstellung, die das natürliche Vorbild wieder stärker berücksichtigte. Die auf dem Text des Circa instans basierenden illustrierten Handschriften werden unter dem Titel Tractatus de herbis zusammengefasst. Ältestes erhaltenes Exemplar einer Tractatus de herbis-Handschrift ist das im frühen 14. Jahrhundert entstandene Manuskript Egerton 747 (British Library, London). Die Abbildungen dieser Handschrift erfassen botanische Besonderheiten im Gesamtbau und im., The Codex latinus monacensis (Clm) 28531 (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich) is a herbal which was written in Northern Italy in the second half of the 15th century. It consists of about 600 chapters dealing with drugs of plant, animal and mineral origin. Most of these chapters are illustrated. This study analyzes whether the plant illustrations of the Clm 28531 enable the reader of the manuscript to identify the relevant plant. Furthermore it had to be examined whether the illustrations imply any additional information about the plant. Illustrated herbals had been passed on to our days from late antiquity to the end of the Middle Ages. During these centuries the image of the plant changed in several ways. The earliest surviving illustrated herbal is the Juliana-Anicia-Codex (Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna, Cod. med. gr. 1). It was produced in Constantinople at about AD 512. Many of the plant illustrations show a naturalistic representation and clarity of structure. During the following centuries, a changing sense of style and the habit of copying representations from earlier manuscripts instead of looking at the plants themselves, lead to unnaturalistic and simplified plant images. At the end of the 14th century, a new illustrative tradition emerged, namely the Tractatus de herbis. It was based on a medical compendium called the Circa instans (Liber de simplici medicina) which was produced in Salerno at the end of the 11th century. The earliest surviving manuscript of this treatise is Egerton Ms. 747 (British Library, London, c. 1300). The plant illustrations of Eg. 747 show an increasing awareness of nature. Although the plant illustrations were not based on studies exclusively drawn from life, mostly they did resemble the living plant. Illustrations of this kind can be called diagrams, because they are able to identify a plant on the basis of a simple, schematic representation. The pictures of the Clm 28531 resemble those of a group of manuscripts fr.
- Published
- 2006
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