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The article substantiates the idea of the importance of taking into account the elements of the morphological level in structuring the linguistic picture of the world of the people in general and an individual in particular. Its purpose is to identify interjections in the poetic texts of P. Karmansky, to trace their structural-semantic and functional characteristics, the role in the representation of the individual-author picture of the world of the writer. The article reveals the concept of national-linguistic picture of the world, defi nes its relationship to the conceptual, individual and individual-author (artistic) pictures of the world. It is shown that the conceptual reproduces the elements of the world universe (objects, phenomena, values, guidelines) and the connections between them; linguistic represents them in linguistic categories, linguistic units and phenomena of speech; individual and individual-author is the result of rational and sensory comprehension of the environment embodied in the speech (texts) of specific individuals. The characteristic features of the creative manner of Petro Karmansky, his general attitude to depict the state of man, immersed in the world of his own soul. A soul disappointed by the injustice of the world, full of sorrow and feelings for its own fate and the fate of the native people. It is established that the lexicon of the poet Petro Karmansky presents almost all the semantic categories of exclamations and phonetic words, which are united by the concept and term interjection. It is determined that exclamations in the author’s texts dominate over sound-imitating words. It is proved that emotional exclamations are marked by special activity; they outnumber other semantic digits as well. It is stated that the representatives of all semantic categories correlate in one way or another with the general mood of the poet’s works - a singer of pain and sorrow, with the peculiarities of his worldview, his values and moral guidelines. The composition of these units is characterized in terms of origin (specifi c and borrowed) and on the basis of primary / secondary (non-derivatives and derivatives). Emphasis is placed on the specifi cs of their semantics, its dependence on the context. The peculiarities of the author’s use of units of this lexical-grammatical class are analyzed.

The article aims at performing linguistic and cognitive analysis of the concept nation in the historical establishment of the Ukrainian political thought. The study represents the evolution of the concept semantics as one of the crucial components in the political sphere. It points out the tight connection between the meaning of the concept and the historical establishment of the Ukrainian political thought by means of cognitive and discursive approach. Linguocognitological analysis based on interdisciplinary phonetic material enabled to trace the multidimensional a nd dynamic character of the conceptual notion, its natural semantic amorphousness. The political features of the researched phenomena defi nes its character, while the process of nation creation is permanent. Thus, defi ning of the concept nation is always in progress. Observation of the semantic evolution of the concept ethnos into the concept nation makes possible to realize the mechanism of the development of ethnos into nation – as “a way to ourselves”, to our statehood

Heavy metal contamination in the coastal and marine ecosystems is becoming a progressively serious risk to aquatic organisms and humans. This study reports the genetic damage and the accumulations of trace metals of L. aurata as a bioindicator species in the Payas coast of Iskenderun Bay, North-Eastern Mediterranean by COMET Assay. Fish were seasonally collected from a sampling site and a reference site for one year. Physicochemical parameters in water and trace metals in the tissues of fish collected from these sites were determined by electrochemical techniques. The high DNA damage frequency at the L. aurata was observed in the Payas coast of Iskenderun bay compared to the reference site because of pollutants that the detected high levels of Cd, Pb, Fe and Cu accumulation in L. aurata were exceed the maximum levels allowed by the national and international limit values. A significant positive correlation between Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr, Fe, Zn and Cu accumulations and DNA damage parameters was reported in the present study. Besides, we reported firstly, that it can be used successfully the electrochemical technique in the determination of trace metal concentrations in mullet. Consequently, obtained data indicate that L. aurata constitutes a useful tool as a sentinel organism for biomonitoring of the coastal ecosystem.

Anisodus tanguticus (Maxim.) Pascher is an important Tibetan folk medicine and the source of tropane alkaloids (TAs) grown in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. There are marked differences in quality of A. tanguticus from geographic areas. The aim of present research was to establish a method for the quantitative analysis of TAs coupled with chemometrics analysis to trace geographical origins. Qualitative analysis of TAs in A. tanguticus was carried out using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and quantitative analysis of TAs in different plant organs from different geographical origin was achieved. Contents of TAs were subjected to the principal component analysis, and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis. The contents of the three marker compounds (anisodamine, anisodine and atropine) in the roots and acrial parts of A. tanguticus were positive correlated and varied significantly from different geographical origins. Principal component analysis, and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis results showed excellent discrimination between different geographical origin of A. tanguticus. This study could provide comprehensive evaluation and further utilization of A. tanguticus resources.

This paper examines the investment inefficiency of politically connected firms (PCFs) in the Indian context. We argue that the investment inefficiency of PCFs may reveal the Twin-balance sheet (TBS) characteristics of the banking crisis through interactions between PCFs and Government-owned Banks (GOBs). Using the unique dataset on PCFs in India and the panel quantile regression, we find that the strong PCFs exhibit a higher level of investment inefficiency than the weak PCFs. We also highlight the advantages of quantile regression in an overinvestment analysis. The findings may help trace the link between the investment boom of the mid-2000s and the subsequent twin-balance sheet crisis. The results are entirely new in the Indian context.

This article explores the making of an expansive and expanding economic imagination in disparate Occupy sites—the Alternative Banking working group of Occupy Wall Street, the daily life of lists in Liberty Square, née Zuccotti Park, and the work of Strike Debt. In particular, I focus on transformative possibility in unanticipated places. Where anthropology and critical theory have often sought out capitalism’s otherwises for inspiration and potential, the expansion of the economic imagination I trace here suggests that the centers constitute zones of possibility as well. I aim to show not only the conditions of possibility for a certain kind of imaginative work in the dense and seemingly definitive spaces of financial expertise but also a remarkable, and largely unrecognized, contemporary conversation around the future of banking, foreclosures, and democratized finance.

Several years ago Sir Peter Medawar urged analysts of science to study in detail “what scientists do” in the course of their research. As a distinguished practicing scientist, Medawar himself was well aware that what scientists say about their activity can never be taken at face value. Instead he urged that “only unstudied evidence will do — and that means listening at a keyhole.”1 In fact, however, the few analysts of science who have followed this prescriptive suggestion effectively have preferred to establish themselves as participant observers on the inner side of the keyhole, to penetrate into the laboratory itself and to watch the activities of scientists from the perspective of the ethnographer or anthropologist.2 Valuable and provocative as such studies are, however, I think their authors have underestimated the extent to which historical studies can also contribute to a better understanding of scientific practice.3 Clearly it is desirable in any case that we should trace how the practice of research has changed over the longue duree of the history of science, in conjunction with changing social and cognitive circumstances. But quite apart from that, there are also ways in which much more ’finegrained’ historical studies may give us better access than research on modern science can, to the “unstudied evidence” that Medawar saw was needed; and they may avoid the observational or interpretative &#x2019distance’ that was implied in his metaphor of the keyhole.

Quartz is abundant in the Earth’s continental crust and persistent throughout the geological record. Trace element signatures in silica minerals can be used to infer processes operating in magmatic and hydrothermal systems. Conventional analyses of trace elements in silica minerals are limited by either spatial or mass resolution [e.g., wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, micro-X-ray fluorescence, laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS)]. Time-of-flight SIMS (TOF-SIMS) is a relatively new technique for geological applications and provides both high spatial and mass resolution. This minimally destructive, in situ technique rapidly acquires a full suite of elements down to tens of nanometers depth. No previous study has utilized TOF-SIMS to analyze quartz or silica. Four samples of silica minerals representing distinct environments in a magmatic-hydrothermal system were characterized with optical microscopy and qualitative cathodoluminescence (CL), quantitatively analyzed for trace elements with a 157 nm LA-ICP-MS, and qualitatively mapped for trace elements using TOF-SIMS. The novel technique produced maps of trace element distribution in silica minerals to a maximum resolution of 65 nm and consistently resolved light elements (including Li) to 195 nm. That makes this study the highest resolution geochemical characterization of silica minerals and places it among the highest resolution analyses by TOF-SIMS, or any technique, for that matter. TOF-SIMS isotope maps differentiate trace elements hosted in nano- and micro-inclusions from lattice incorporation in quartz and cryptocrystalline silica—an impossibility for lower resolution techniques, allowing insights into cations substituting for Si4+ in the crystal lattice and their role in activating CL in low-temperature epithermal quartz. Further development of this technique could see TOF-SIMS become a routine tool for measuring diffusion profiles in a range of other geological materials. Quantification of TOF-SIMS would revolutionize mineral characterization, especially given its temporal efficiency and low-sampling volume.

У подростков с диффузным нетоксическим зобом (ДНЗ), проживающих в условиях легкого йодного дефицита, путем анкетирования проведен анализ рациона питания и его влияния на содержание витаминов и микроэлементов. Установлено, что недостаток в питании продуктов животного происхождения (рыбы и мяса) сопровождается снижением уровня витаминов В1, В2 и Е. У подростков с ДНЗ, использующих при приготовлении пищи йодированную соль, определяли более высокие показатели селена и витамина А. Среди них реже диагностировали зоб II–III степени.Для профилактики и лечения ДНЗ у детей и подростков, проживающих в условиях легкого йододефицита, необходимо включение в рацион питания продуктов животного происхождения, морепродуктов, а также обязательное использование йодированной соли. В случае выявления сочетанного дефицита йода, селена и витаминов, особенно при отсутствии полноценного питания, необходимо сочетанное назначение препаратов калия йодида, селена, витаминов А и группы В.

The mining and burning of Croatian Raša coal had resulted in release of various contaminants into the local environment. They have remained in the local soil, water, and plants, and became available to animals through their consumption. In this study, tissue samples from a total of 12 birds from the Raša area and 8 birds from a control area were subjected to multi-element analysis (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Pb) by ICP-MS. The obtained results showed increased Se and Cd concentrations in some bird tissue samples compared to the control area. The highest concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Se were found in the liver, while the highest concentrations of Cd and Pb were found in the kidneys. Although some hazardous trace elements were elevated in the tissues of game species, the risk of consuming meat and offal of such species has been found to be very low., Rudarske i industrijske aktivnosti povezane s raškim ugljenom rezultirale su ispuštanjem raznih onečišćujućih tvari u lokalni okoliš. Te tvari i dalje su prisutne u lokalnome tlu, vodi i biljkama te su dostupne životinjama unosom hrane. U ovome istraživanju uzorci tkiva ukupno 12 ptica iz područja Raše te 8 ptica iz kontrolnoga područja podvrgnuti su multielementnoj (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Pb) analizi s pomoću metode ICP-MS. Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su povišene koncentracije Se i Cd u nekim uzorcima tkiva ptica u usporedbi s kontrolnim područjem. Najveće koncentracije Cu, Zn i Se nađene su u uzorcima jetre, dok su najviše koncentracije Cd i Pb nađene u bubrezima. Iako su neki opasni elementi u tragovima povišeni u tkivima prikupljenih divljih ptica, analizom podataka utvrđeno je da je rizik od prehrambena unosa (meso i iznutrice) tih vrsta vrlo nizak.

This paper utilises the ‘sustainable innovation journeys’ concept to trace how people organise and design urban food initiatives and influence city-region food policy. We evaluate whether designs succeed or fail and monitor the exchange of ideas that takes place between stakeholders. Tracing these interactions reveals the transformative potential of innovative projects, particularly if the food system changes they bring to the fore are aligned with policy interests. Three case studies provide on-the-ground insights to assess how small and medium-sized enterprises at the micro-level induce sustainability shifts. The case studies are businesses in the city-regions of Rotterdam, The Netherlands (urban farm and circular food economy); Vigo, Spain (food, forest and multi-functional land use); and Zurich, Switzerland (organic food and short supply chains). Each initiative was studied in-depth over a two-year period, with follow-up analysis for a further four years to monitor change over time (2013–2018). The cases promote the adoption of micro-level innovation practices: locally designed transition pathways that bring the benefits of change to the city-region (i.e. from the micro-level initiative to meso-level policy). The analysis highlights the importance of ‘soft change’. This can be something as simple as visiting an inspiring urban food initiative and meeting with stakeholders to generate mutual understanding, from where interests align to influence food chain practices and policy. Soft changes act as ‘seeds of transition’ for a shift towards more sustainable urban food systems, but we observe too potentially negative impacts due to lack of alignment at the micro- (initiative) or meso- (city-region) levels.

Thyroid adenomas (TA) are benign tumors, but there is a 20% possibility of malignant transformation. The distinguishing between the TA and thyroid cancer (TC) is tricky, therefore new TA biomarkers are needed. Furthermore, the role of trace elements (TE) in etiology and pathogenesis of TA is unclear. The aim of this exploratory study was to examine the content of bromine (Br), cooper (Cu), iron (Fe), rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), and zinc (Zn) in the normal and in adenomatous thyroid. Thyroid tissue levels of six TE were prospectively evaluated in 19 patients with TA and 105 healthy inhabitants. Measurements were performed using 109Cd radionuclide-induced energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescent analysis Tissue samples were divided into two portions. One was used for morphological study while the other was intended for TE analysis. It was found that contents of Br and Cu were significantly higher (25.8 and 4.16 times, respectively) and content of Sr were significantly lower (39%) in adenomatous thyroid in comparison with normal level. There are considerable changes in TE contents in the adenomatous thyroid.

Stormwater ponds can provide flood protection and efficiently treat stormwater using sedimentation. As the ponds also host aquatic biota and attract wildlife there is a growing concern that the sediment bound pollutants negatively affect aquatic organisms and the surrounding ecosystem. In this study we used three methods to assess the accumulation and the potential ecological risk of 13 different heavy metals and metalloids (e.g. trace elements) including both elements that are frequently monitored and some which are rarely monitored in sediment from 5 stormwater ponds located within catchments with predominately industrial activities. Ecological risk for organisms in the older ponds was observed for both commonly- (e.g. Cd, Cu, Zn) and seldom- (e.g. Ag, Sb) monitored trace elements. The 3 methods ranked the degree of contamination similarly. We show that methods usually used for sediment quality assessment in aquatic ecosystems can also be used for screening the potential risk of other trace elements in stormwater ponds and may consequently be useful in stormwater monitoring and management. Our study also highlights the importance of establishing background conditions when conducting ecological risk assessment of sediment in stormwater ponds.

The aim of the research was to demonstrate differences in the content of trace elements (U, Th, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Cd, Mo, Hg, Pb, W, Ba) in coal mined in Poland and coal imported from Russia, which are widely available on the market. Ecophile, cube and nut were selected for the research. Among them 3 come from Russia and 3 from Poland. The samples were mineralized and the heavy metal content was determined with the use of mass spectrometry with excitation in induced plasma. The research allowed us to conclude that the same carbon grades showed completely different metal contents and depended on the place of origin. The greatest amount of trace elements was found to be found in ecophysics from Poland (durin). Relatively large contamination with trace elements was also found in Polish peach (window) and in Russian walnut. A relatively high content of uranium was found in three samples, including the ecophyses. When burning coal, even of high quality, we expose the environment to the burden of trace elements, including radioactive elements present in their composition. Heavy metals from coal combustion constantly accumulate in the environment and so far no standards have been established for their content in this fuel.

The article deals with the problems of creativity and myth making in the Moscow texts by A. Dolmatov. The research is aimed at studying the authors ideas about his lyrical hero and the formation of the narrators self-portrait. A. Dolmatovs texts are dedicated to Moscow and the urban way of life, since it is the Moscow theme that is the sense-making component in the writers work. The article presents a brief history of rap poetry formation in Russia in the XXI century. The main features of problematics and poetics of A. Dolmatovs texts are analyzed. The task is to trace the evolution of the authors ideas on poetics and the meaning of rap as a genre of literature. The relationship of Dolmatovs lyrical hero with the city of roads, Moscow, defines the development of the authors work in alternative poetry of the 21 century.

This article responds to Srinivas Aravamudan's call to revisit the notion of the trace from the standpoint of the Anthropocene. A Derridean understanding of the trace shows how postcolonial difference challenges the humanist distinction between human and nature by questioning the distinction between life and death that is central to metaphysics. This discussion thus reframes the prospect of extinction signaled by the Anthropocene by means of a return to a Marxist, feminist, psychoanalytic and deconstructive trajectory within postcolonial thought.

Summary This paper examines the historical impact of major changes in the human space exploration program objectives at NASA and draws lessons from those experiences that may be of value to current and future administrations. We trace the program history of NASA's human exploration programs through various presidential administrations, starting with the George H. W. Bush administration and moving through to the present day. Along the way we identify and document the sources of program changes and make observations about what went well and what did not go well, exposing the true cost and other consequences of disruptive change. We also highlight the importance of making necessary changes when something is not right. Presidential administration changes and annual budget deliberations are times of great opportunity but also of great risk, and decisions need to be made with eyes wide open, not only to the potential benefits but also to the unintended negative consequences some changes may have. These factors need to be considered by a new administration and Congress when they are faced with decisions to change things or “stay the course.” The lessons may apply well beyond NASA.

Fashion is a rather significant mechanism that organizes the life of any society and regulates the social behavior of people. It subordinates not only the choice of clothing, interior, personal hygiene items, gastronomic tastes, musical preferences, but also the way of thinking, the formation of criteria for assessing the phenomena of reality. At the same time, fashion is not only a powerful social regulator, but also a significant cultural phenomenon, the study of which is of particular importance nowadays. In this context, the vocabulary of fashion is interesting, as, on the one hand, it enriches the Russian language due to the abundant borrowing of foreign words, on the other hand, it indicates how actively the Russian language adapts new names for fashion items, and demonstrates how Russian mentality and culture accept this vocabulary. In order to consider the Russian vocabulary in the sphere of fashion in all three aspects, it is important to trace the derivation of the lexical meaning of the denotations of the fashion semantic field in their connection with the historical period and the change in the native speakers way of thinking in different historical times of the country. To this end, it is necessary to turn to the etymology of the basic elements of the Russian wardrobe, identify their coherence with the gender of their owners and trace how this coherence has been changing over time, as well as analyze the ways of grammatical adaptation of borrowed vocabulary in the Russian language, and finally, note the functional specifics of the same lexemes in Russian and other donor languages.

Tasmania is the most important tin province in Australia, having been endowed with >0.65 Mt Sn. Some granitic intrusions in western Tasmania have distinctive tourmaline- and quartz-rich magmatic-hydrothermal features, whether they are mineralized (e.g., Heemskirk Granite) or barren (Pieman Heads Granite). The Devonian Heemskirk and Pieman Heads plutons crop out on the western coast of Tasmania and are characterized by similar mineralogical and geochemical compositions and ages. The magmatic-hydrothermal textural features include tourmaline patches, tourmaline orbicules, and tourmaline-muscovite veins, as well as miarolitic cavities and quartz-fluorite-sulfide veins in the Heemskirk Granite. Cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging, laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and microthermometric analyses of quartz have revealed the physicochemical evolution of the magmatic-hydrothermal fluids from which these tourmaline- and quartz-bearing assemblages precipitated. High Ti quartz (20–28 ppm) in tourmaline patches, orbicules, and cavities typically have homogeneous CL-bright intensity, whereas CL-dark fractures have cut and/or offset the CL-bright and -gray domains that characterize low Ti quartz (3.4–8.5 ppm) from the tourmaline veins. The earliest fluid inclusion assemblages in the quartz-tourmaline orbicules and cavities have a salinity range from 3 to 14 wt % NaCl equiv with intermediate density and were probably trapped at lithostatic pressures of 1.57 ± 0.2 kbar and temperatures of 550° to 570°C, suggesting a depth of 5.9 ± 0.8 km. Prolonged depressurization and cooling may have led to the evolution of a brine (~39 wt % NaCl equiv salinity) from the primary magmatic liquid, which formed halite-bearing hypersaline inclusions in the tourmaline orbicules. Continuous pressure decrease explains the intense brittle failure and fluid migration outward from the apical portions of the pluton, where magmatic fluids partially mixed with and were cooled by external meteoric water. These mechanisms triggered the formation of tourmaline-muscovite-quartz veins and local cassiterite-bearing greisens from a moderate-salinity fluid (~12 wt % NaCl equiv) at temperatures of ~300°C and hydrostatic pressures of 120 bars. Retrograde dissolution textures evident from CL-bright quartz cores surrounded by oscillatory growth zones with gray CL response characterize the low Ti (

This study draws on archival documents to trace the concrete implementation of ‘normalisation processes’ in Czechoslovak society, research fields, and the university during the 1970s and 1980s, focusing on the field of Russian studies in the Charles University Faculty of Arts. What makes this case of particular interest is the story of a Russianist at Charles University who studied the languages and cultures of countries whose leadership had decided to send military forces to participate in the occupation of Czechoslovakia. Writing on events through her perspective (a student at the time), the author examines in particular the environment of the late 1980s. In terms of methodology, the study combines witness accounts with a more thorough and intensive approach to evaluating the impact of normalisation on the field before and after November 1989

OBJECTIVES (1) To investigate factors associated with intention to self-isolate, request a test, and share details of close contacts when required. (2) To determine whether associations were stronger during periods when less stringent national COVID-19 restrictions were in place. DESIGN Series of cross-sectional nationally representative surveys. We selected survey waves where different national restrictions were in place in England (first lockdown, summer release, second lockdown, third lockdown). METHODS We investigated whether psychological factors and increased out-of-home activity in the last week were associated with intention to self-isolate and request a test if you were to develop COVID-19 symptoms, and intention to share details of contacts if you were to test positive. We also investigated whether the strength of associations differed by timepoint in the pandemic. RESULTS Intention to self-isolate, request a test and share details of contacts were associated with greater perceived risk of COVID-19 to people in the United Kingdom, knowing that COVID-19 transmission can be asymptomatic, and agreeing that personal behaviour has an impact on COVID-19 transmission. There were few differences in strength of associations by timepoint suggesting these effects are broadly stable over time. CONCLUSIONS Psychological factors were associated with intention to adhere to key components of the contact tracing system; there was no evidence for an association with increased out-of-home activity. Messages that increase knowledge that COVID-19 can be transmitted even if someone does not have symptoms and that an individual's actions can contribute to the spread of the virus may promote engagement with the test, trace, and isolate system.

Determining trace chromium in complex samples usually requires a sample preparation technique to isolate and extract the analytes from matrices and enrich them for trace analysis. Several methods h...

Context and genres are relevant concepts in Translation Studies, but paradoxically there is no consensus about their definition and how they challenge text, especially after the 1990s when technology began to impact on translation practices. It is surprising since new writings and textualisation of the interactions have developed concomitant with the dematerialisation of the context. In this study, we will trace the conceptual polysemy of “context”, first in linguistics (taken in a broad meaning) and then in Translation Studies. We will consider to what extent context and contextualisation are related, when translation is defined as a context-dependent meaning-making process. What does re-contextualisation imply, and how does context apply to (multimodal) text in a digital environment?

In this work, a fiber-optic fluoride-ion-detection Michelson interferometer based on the thin-core fiber (TCF) and no-core fiber (NCF) coated with α-Fe2O3/ZrO2 sensing film is proposed and presented. The single-mode fiber (SMF) is spliced with the TCF and NCF in turn, and a waist-enlarged taper is spliced between them. Then, a silver film is plated on the end face of NCF to enhance the reflection. After the absorption of fluoride ion by the sensing film, the effective refractive index (RI) of the coated cladding will change, which leads to the regular red shift of the interference dip with the increasing fluoride-ion concentration. Thus, the fluoride-ion concentrations can be determined according to the corresponding dip wavelength shifts. The results show that the sensor has an excellent linear response (R 2 = 0.995) with good sensitivity (8.970 nm/ppm) when the fluoride-ion concentration is in the range of 0–1.5 ppm. The response time is about 15 s. The sensor has the advantage of good selectivity, good temperature and pH stabilities, and can be applied to detect fluoride ion effectively.

La localización de una reproducción fotográfica del diseño original del monumento de Semana Santa de la catedral de Oviedo (en paradero desconocido desde 1924) nos permite trazar la historia de este desaparecido altar de perspectiva y bastidores pintados. Concebido por el pintor madrileño Francisco Ortega Delgado en 1732 y consagrado en 1740, fue destruido en 1903. La investigación desvela otros datos desconocidos, como la participación del pintor madrileño Juan Delgado en 1731 y el diseño de un altar gótico en 1903 para reemplazarlo.

Sufism refers to the mystical dimension of Islam, which, moving away from its rigid doctrinal form, speaks of self-realization, love, submission, and intense personal devotion as being the path to reach God. This paper attempts to understand Sufism and its essential principles, proceeding to trace its establishment and evolution in the Indian subcontinent, with a special focus on Bengal and Assam. The paper discusses the development of Sufism in the regions of Bengal and Assam by situating it in its precise historical and cultural context, exploring at length its interactions with the Bhakti movement and Buddhist Sahajiya tantrism, its impact on the folk art, culture and literature of the regions, and its role in shaping the socio-political climate of the regions over the ages. Lastly, the paper attempts to comment upon how Sufism, with its inherent variations and contradictions, survives in these regions today, and the significance that it holds for the people in contemporary times. In doing so, the paper attempts to understand whether Sufism and its ideals can become useful in promulgating a culture of peace and tolerance in an increasingly polarized and divided society.

This article employs the prism of gift-exchange to analyse the marginalised status of singles within social relations. We trace an emerging critique voiced by single women, who challenge the unilateral etiquette of gifting marital and family-making celebrations. While dominant social norms normalise gift-giving at weddings and subsequent family-related occasions, there are no commensurable opportunities for singles to receive back their accumulative investments in the life events of others. Drawing on various online sources, we explore the discursive articulations through which single women highlight the unfairness that underpins their position as constant givers. We show how single women manage the social risks that such public complaints entail, and how they claim to be worthy receivers themselves. This article offers singlehood as a valuable case study for engaging with broader questions concerning reciprocity – specifically, what happens when reciprocal gifting is not an established norm within ostensibly reciprocal social relations.

Beauchamp and Childress' biomedical principlism is nearly synonymous with medical ethics for most clinicians. Their four principles are theoretically derived from the "common morality", a universal cache of moral beliefs and claims shared by all morally serious humans. Others have challenged the viability of the common morality, but none have attempted to explain why the common morality makes intuitive sense to Western ethicists. Here I use the work of Charles Taylor to trace how events in the Western history of ideas made the common morality seem plausible and yet, ironically, underscore the cultural particularity of the so-called common morality. I conclude that the supposedly universal common morality is actually quite culturally contained. Importantly, this should give us pause about the global authority of principlism and Beauchamp and Childress' claim to a global bioethics project.

I trace the musical performances and life of Black, queer composer Julius Eastman, considering Eastman’s oeuvre as a heterotopia defined by both revolutionary freedom and tragic capture. Eastman lived on the margins of 1970s and 1980s avant-garde minimalist music scenes unable and unwilling to comport to white norms of esthetic innovation and cultural acceptability. Eastman’s infusion of camp performativity with minimalist music and his Blackness and queerness challenged (and ultimately nullified) the avant-garde esthetic claims made by white composers. Whereas the white avant-garde insisted upon a tabula rasa, a separation from history to create (supposedly) new sonic forms, Eastman’s melding of genres, provocative song titles, playful disposition to the world, and his very presence in concert halls and university auditoriums challenged the racialized norms embedded within minimalist music. Eastman ruptured assumed codes of composition and performance yet was punished for these transgressions, barred from work and ultimately dying alone and homeless at the age of 49. Pursuing a creative life encased by erasure exemplifies the ways in which Blackness is parantological, constantly escaping from the fixity of racial ontologies that erase Blackness in the name of white supremacy. Examining Eastman’s artistic work and conflict with minimalist music prefigures the contemporary moment in which efforts to prioritize materiality, affective reality, and being over culture, signification, and discourse often belie white racialized standpoints. Intertwined with these theoretical concerns, I sketch how Eastman disrupts overwrought notions of scale, direction, rigidity, and intent through what Camilla Hawthorne calls ‘everyday practices of Black space-making’.

Trace water in liquid fuels usually causes serious damage to engines and storage devices, while its removal remains a difficult task. In this contribution, we report how hybrid hydrogels incorporat...

A lot has changed in the global machine of international development since its inception, but the language of technological acceleration remains ubiquitous today. In this paper, I trace one of the ...

Two plutonium oxides were prepared as unique reference materials for measurement of actinide elements present as trace constituents. Each reference material unit is approximately 200 mg of PuO2 powder in a quartz glass bottle. Characterized attributes of the oxides included mass fractions of plutonium, americium, neptunium, and uranium. Isotope-amount ratios were also determined for plutonium and uranium, but neptunium and americium were observed to be monoisotopic 237Np and 241Am. Measurements for characterization and verification of the attributes show that plutonium and trace actinides are homogeneous with the exception of limited heterogeneity for uranium, primarily observed for the 238U isotope. Model purification ages calculated from measured americium and uranium attribute values are consistent with material histories and indicate that these impurities are predominantly due to the decay of plutonium isotopes.

This research was conducted to find out, trace and examine more deeply about the implementation of Pancasila values ​​for the younger generation in the current era of globalization. This research study uses a qualitative method or a descriptive approach. The results of this discussion were obtained from the results of literature studies from various sources such as journals, books and articles. Then later results will be obtained about this implementation, which aims to find out whether the implementation of Pancasila values ​​in the younger generation in this era of globalization is going well or vice versa.

In this special issue, the five previous articles trace the longstanding presence and integration of carceral practices in both K-12 and postsecondary education systems. As illuminated by the authors, carceral practices disproportionately criminalize students of color and impact pathways, trajectories, and how educational opportunities are experienced. In our review and closing comments for this special issue, we expand and share three emergent themes running throughout this volume: 1) Power Analysis, an investigation of macro systems and structures that determine specific contexts entrapping current and prospective students in the carceral system; 2) Worth/Value, an interrogation of the paradigms contributing to the devaluation, and ultimate criminalization, of Black and Latinx students within educational spaces; 3) Reform or Reimagine?, an inquiry and challenge on whether to advance with useful, but insufficient, changes to an unjust system or a move forward with new wide-sweeping and radical approaches to minimize damage to individuals. Our paper concludes with reimagining educational systems using these more radical approaches.

In this article the author analyzes a theoretical direction called “Peripheral Realism”, which has arisen within the scope of neorealism in 1990s due to an acknowledged Argentinean political scientist Carlos Escudé. The author makes an attempt to provide a complex analysis of the original theory of 1992 and compares it with the modern realities of international relations. The author also conducts a comparative analysis of the original theory and its revised version of 2016, in order to trace the dynamics of its development. The main objective of the study is to establish whether the theory of peripheral realism can be attributed to the so-called ‘non-Western’ theories of international relations. First of all, the article is based on an in-depth analysis of the theoretical basis of Carlos Escudé’s peripheral realism theory on the basis of his main writings of 1992 and 1995, as well as an analysis of subsequent variations of the theory in 2012 and 2015. The study also uses a comparative analysis method, which contrasts the features and theoretical positions of the canonical ‘grand’ theories of international relations (especially realism and neo-realism, being the origins for the theory) and correlates them with those of the theory of peripheral realism in order to highlight the role and place of this theory in the configuration of Western and non-Western theories of international relations. The author concludes that the uniqueness of the concept comes from assessing reality from the point of ‘weaker’ and developing countries, which is not generally customary for Anglo-Saxon theories. This unique feature puts the concept of peripheral realism beyond the perceptions of the nature of world politics generally accepted in the research community. The study was originally drafted for the research seminar “Non-Western Theories of International Relations” of the Department of theory and history of international relations of RUDN University, as well as for the joint research seminar of RUDN and HSE University “Non-Western Theories of International Relations in a Polycentric World.”

A good syllabus contributes to achieving better learning outcomes. Academic institutions often invest huge amounts in preparing the so-called 'panacea' of a syllabus hoping they could meet the demand of the highly competitive world. Now, however, educationists often get divided on what is instrumental to gaining a higher level of learning outcomes: Is it the quality of syllabus, or the kind of teaching approaches, or quality of teachers and learners, or good academic environment with a proper support system or a combination of all the above? While the academic process around the globe continues amidst these unresolved questions, teaching and learning English in Bangladeshi tertiary institutions for undergraduate students is no exception. Although almost all the students at undergraduate level take some sort of English language course like general English Language (GEL), or foundation English (FE) course, they fail to function when it comes to using the language in a real-life situation. This paper strives to trace out why the students cannot communicate in English properly even after 10 plus years of exposure to the language – 1/2 years at the tertiary level and 8 to 10 years at the primary and secondary levels. The research has adopted both quantitative and qualitative research methods and used two different questionnaires to collect data for the study. Delving into a thorough analysis of the existing syllabuses, the study contends that the syllabus cannot quite prepare the students to be able to function in English in a real-world scenario and, therefore, recommends a revamping of the syllabuses is necessary to produce pragmatic and pedagogical efficacy.

Fosamprenavir calcium is an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in which trace elements must be monitored by ICH Q3D Guideline. It delivers appropriate method to ensure the quality of the product and its safe use. Elemental impurities in API are separated in three classes based on their toxicity and probability of their occurrence in the product. ICP-MS has proven to be a suitable technique with the appropriate sample preparation method. Due to the presence of oxidising agents in the sample preparation, determination of osmium is problematic. In the presence of oxidising nitric acid, a highly volatile and toxic osmium tetraoxide is formed. Due to its high volatility, the recovery of osmium has reached the value of 287 %, which exceeds recovery limit (70–150 %). However, osmium can be stabilised by complexation with thiourea in the hydrochloric acid solution (recovery = 87 %). In that way, the loss of osmium is reduced and good results are achieved in terms of usability, accuracy, and precision. A method with addition of thiourea has been successfully validated through main validation parameters: linearity, quantitation limit, selectivity, accuracy, precision (which included repeatability and intralaboratory reproducibility), and robustness. Each of these validation parameters met the acceptance criteria, and therefore it was concluded that the method is suitable for the determination of trace elements in fosamprenavir calcium by ICP-MS. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License., Fosamprenavir kalcij je aktivna farmaceutska tvar (API) u kojoj se elementi u tragovima moraju nadzirati prema ICH Q3D smjernicama. ICH Q3D smjernice donose odgovarajuću metodu za osiguravanje kvalitete proizvoda i njegove sigurne uporabe. Elementarne nečistoće u API-ju razdvajaju se u tri razreda na temelju njihove toksičnosti i vjerojatnosti da se pojave u proizvodu. ICP-MS se pokazala kao prikladna tehnika ako se primijeni odgovarajuća metoda pripreme uzoraka. Zbog prisutnosti oksidirajućih sredstava u pripremi uzoraka problem se javlja kod određivanja osmija. Osmij u prisutnosti oksidirajuće dušične kiseline daje visoko hlapljiv i toksičan osmij tetraoksid. Zbog visoke hlapljivosti, iskorištenje osmija iznosi 287 %, što premašuje zadanu granicu iskorištenja (70 – 150 %). Međutim, osmij se može stabilizirati kompleksiranjem s tioureom u otopini klorovodične kiseline (povrat od 87 %). Na taj se način smanjuje njegov gubitak, a postižu se dobri rezultati u pogledu točnosti, preciznosti i robusnosti metode. Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna.

Metformin and glibenclamide may have beneficial effects on the levels of trace elements in diabetic patients. The aim of the current study was to assess the effects of metformin and glibenclamide on the concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The metformin-treated patients showed significantly lower serum Cu levels compared with the untreated and glibenclamide groups. In addition, treatment with metformin was associated with a significant increase in serum concentrations of Zn compared to the newly diagnosed patients, whereas it did not show a noticeable alteration in the serum level of Mg. In contrast, the glibenclamide treated group revealed significantly higher Zn and Mg levels compared with the newly diagnosed group, while the serum level of Cu was not significantly modified. In conclusion, treatment with metformin led to a reduction in serum Cu and an increase in serum Zn concentrations, whereas glibenclamide treatment displayed enhancement in serum Zn and Mg levels.

—We study the relations between several selected elements present in the Sin Quyen IOCG deposit, Lào Cai, North Vietnam, and interpret the obtained correlations, especially with a coefficient higher than 0.7. The correlations with high coefficients are mainly observed for the elements belonging to the chalcophile group (Cu, Ag, Au, Te, and Bi) and for the relation between uranium and Ag, Au, Cu, Pb, and Bi. Although the S-, Fe-, and REE-bearing minerals are predominant in the studied deposit, no strong correlation between them and the other elements was observed, even with Cu. The phenomena are primarily explained based on the geochemical properties of the mentioned elements and the characteristics of IOCG deposits.

Background: In the multifactorial etiology of orofacial clefts (OFCs), environmental factors play an important role. To trace the influence of these factors, the timing of the cell biological mechanisms that occur during embryological development of the primary and secondary palates must be taken into account. That is, the fusion process of the facial and palatal processes, respectively, followed by their differentiation into bone and musculature, which take place during the first trimester of pregnancy. During this period, harmful seasonal influences such as viral infections and vitamin deficiencies could induce OFC in the embryo. Aims: The aim of this study is to find out whether a seasonal conception period with an increased risk of OFC development exists, particularly gender related. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study on children with OFC born in the Netherlands from 2006 to 2016. Total conception rates of live births in the Netherlands were used as a control group. χ2 tests were performed to analyze monthly and seasonal differences. Males and females, positive and negative family history and subphenotype groups based on fusion and/or differentiation (F- and/or D-) defects, and their timing in embryogenesis were analyzed separately. Results: In total, 1653 children with OFC, 1041 males and 612 females, were analyzed. Only males with FD-defects showed a significant seasonal variation with an increase in conceptions during spring, most often in May. Conclusions: Males with FD-defects showed a significant seasonal variation with an increase in conceptions during spring. No other seasonal trends could be demonstrated.