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1. The PLATO Mission

Author

Rauer, Heike, Aerts, Conny, Cabrera, Juan, Deleuil, Magali, Erikson, Anders, Gizon, Laurent, Goupil, Mariejo, Heras, Ana, Lorenzo-Alvarez, Jose, Marliani, Filippo, Martin-Garcia, Cesar, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, O'Rourke, Laurence, Osborn, Hugh, Pagano, Isabella, Piotto, Giampaolo, Pollacco, Don, Ragazzoni, Roberto, Ramsay, Gavin, Udry, Stéphane, Appourchaux, Thierry, Benz, Willy, Brandeker, Alexis, Güdel, Manuel, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Kabath, Petr, Kjeldsen, Hans, Min, Michiel, Santos, Nuno, Smith, Alan, Suarez, Juan-Carlos, Werner, Stephanie C., Aboudan, Alessio, Abreu, Manuel, Acuña, Lorena, Adams, Moritz, Adibekyan, Vardan, Affer, Laura, Agneray, François, Agnor, Craig, Børsen-Koch, Victor Aguirre, Ahmed, Saad, Aigrain, Suzanne, Al-Bahlawan, Ashraf, Gil, M de los Angeles Alcacera, Alei, Eleonora, Alencar, Silvia, Alexander, Richard, Alfonso-Garzón, Julia, Alibert, Yann, Prieto, Carlos Allende, Almeida, Leonardo, Sobrino, Roi Alonso, Altavilla, Giuseppe, Althaus, Christian, Trujillo, Luis Alonso Alvarez, Amarsi, Anish, Eiff, Matthias Ammler-von, Amôres, Eduardo, Andrade, Laerte, Antoniadis-Karnavas, Alexandros, António, Carlos, del Moral, Beatriz Aparicio, Appolloni, Matteo, Arena, Claudio, Armstrong, David, Aliaga, Jose Aroca, Asplund, Martin, Audenaert, Jeroen, Auricchio, Natalia, Avelino, Pedro, Baeke, Ann, Baillié, Kevin, Balado, Ana, Balestra, Andrea, Ball, Warrick, Ballans, Herve, Ballot, Jerome, Barban, Caroline, Barbary, Gaële, Barbieri, Mauro, Forteza, Sebastià Barceló, Barker, Adrian, Barklem, Paul, Barnes, Sydney, Navascues, David Barrado, Barragan, Oscar, Baruteau, Clément, Basu, Sarbani, Baudin, Frederic, Baumeister, Philipp, Bayliss, Daniel, Bazot, Michael, Beck, Paul G., Bedding, Tim, Belkacem, Kevin, Bellinger, Earl, Benatti, Serena, Benomar, Othman, Bérard, Diane, Bergemann, Maria, Bergomi, Maria, Bernardo, Pierre, Biazzo, Katia, Bignamini, Andrea, Bigot, Lionel, Billot, Nicolas, Binet, Martin, Biondi, David, Biondi, Federico, Birch, Aaron C., Bitsch, Bertram, Ceballos, Paz Victoria Bluhm, Bódi, Attila, Bognár, Zsófia, Boisse, Isabelle, Bolmont, Emeline, Bonanno, Alfio, Bonavita, Mariangela, Bonfanti, Andrea, Bonfils, Xavier, Bonito, Rosaria, Bonomo, Aldo Stefano, Börner, Anko, Saikia, Sudeshna Boro, Martín, Elisa Borreguero, Borsa, Francesco, Borsato, Luca, Bossini, Diego, Bouchy, Francois, Boué, Gwenaël, Boufleur, Rodrigo, Boumier, Patrick, Bourrier, Vincent, Bowman, Dominic M., Bozzo, Enrico, Bradley, Louisa, Bray, John, Bressan, Alessandro, Breton, Sylvain, Brienza, Daniele, Brito, Ana, Brogi, Matteo, Brown, Beverly, Brown, David, Brun, Allan Sacha, Bruno, Giovanni, Bruns, Michael, Buchhave, Lars A., Bugnet, Lisa, Buldgen, Gaël, Burgess, Patrick, Busatta, Andrea, Busso, Giorgia, Buzasi, Derek, Caballero, José A., Cabral, Alexandre, Calderone, Flavia, Cameron, Robert, Cameron, Andrew, Campante, Tiago, Martins, Bruno Leonardo Canto, Cara, Christophe, Carone, Ludmila, Carrasco, Josep Manel, Casagrande, Luca, Casewell, Sarah L., Cassisi, Santi, Castellani, Marco, Castro, Matthieu, Catala, Claude, Fernández, Irene Catalán, Catelan, Márcio, Cegla, Heather, Cerruti, Chiara, Cessa, Virginie, Chadid, Merieme, Chaplin, William, Charpinet, Stephane, Chiappini, Cristina, Chiarucci, Simone, Chiavassa, Andrea, Chinellato, Simonetta, Chirulli, Giovanni, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen, Church, Ross, Claret, Antonio, Clarke, Cathie, Claudi, Riccardo, Clermont, Lionel, Coelho, Hugo, Coelho, Joao, Cogato, Fabrizio, Colomé, Josep, Condamin, Mathieu, Conseil, Simon, Corbard, Thierry, Correia, Alexandre C. M., Corsaro, Enrico, Cosentino, Rosario, Costes, Jean, Cottinelli, Andrea, Covone, Giovanni, Creevey, Orlagh L., Crida, Aurelien, Csizmadia, Szilard, Cunha, Margarida, Curry, Patrick, da Costa, Jefferson, da Silva, Francys, Dalal, Shweta, Damasso, Mario, Damiani, Cilia, Damiani, Francesco, Chagas, Maria Liduina das, Davies, Melvyn, Davies, Guy, Davies, Ben, Davison, Gary, de Almeida, Leandro, de Angeli, Francesca, de Barros, Susana Cristina Cabral, Leão, Izan de Castro, de Freitas, Daniel Brito, de Freitas, Marcia Cristina, De Martino, Domitilla, de Medeiros, José Renan, de Paula, Luiz Alberto, de Plaa, Jelle, De Ridder, Joris, Deal, Morgan, Decin, Leen, Deeg, Hans, Degl'Innocenti, Scilla, Deheuvels, Sebastien, del Burgo, Carlos, Del Sordo, Fabio, Delgado-Mena, Elisa, Demangeon, Olivier, Denk, Tilmann, Derekas, Aliz, Desidera, Silvano, Dexet, Marc, Di Criscienzo, Marcella, Di Giorgio, Anna Maria, Di Mauro, Maria Pia, Rial, Federico Jose Diaz, Díaz-García, José-Javier, Dima, Marco, Dinuzzi, Giacomo, Dionatos, Odysseas, Distefano, Elisa, Nascimento Jr., Jose-Dias do, Domingo, Albert, D'Orazi, Valentina, Dorn, Caroline, Doyle, Lauren, Duarte, Elena, Ducellier, Florent, Dumaye, Luc, Dumusque, Xavier, Dupret, Marc-Antoine, Eggenberger, Patrick, Ehrenreich, David, Eigmüller, Philipp, Eising, Johannes, Emilio, Marcelo, Eriksson, Kjell, Ermocida, Marco, Giribaldi, Riano Isidoro Escate, Eschen, Yoshi, Estrela, Inês, Evans, Dafydd Wyn, Fabbian, Damian, Fabrizio, Michele, Faria, João Pedro, Farina, Maria, Farinato, Jacopo, Feliz, Dax, Feltzing, Sofia, Fenouillet, Thomas, Ferrari, Lorenza, Ferraz-Mello, Sylvio, Fialho, Fabio, Fienga, Agnes, Figueira, Pedro, Fiori, Laura, Flaccomio, Ettore, Focardi, Mauro, Foley, Steve, Fontignie, Jean, Ford, Dominic, Fornazier, Karin, Forveille, Thierry, Fossati, Luca, Franca, Rodrigo de Marca, da Silva, Lucas Franco, Frasca, Antonio, Fridlund, Malcolm, Furlan, Marco, Gabler, Sarah-Maria, Gaido, Marco, Gallagher, Andrew, Galli, Emanuele, Garcia, Rafael A., Hernández, Antonio García, Munoz, Antonio Garcia, García-Vázquez, Hugo, Haba, Rafael Garrido, Gaulme, Patrick, Gauthier, Nicolas, Gehan, Charlotte, Gent, Matthew, Georgieva, Iskra, Ghigo, Mauro, Giana, Edoardo, Gill, Samuel, Girardi, Leo, Winter, Silvia Giuliatti, Giusi, Giovanni, da Silva, João Gomes, Zazo, Luis Jorge Gómez, Gomez-Lopez, Juan Manuel, Hernández, Jonay Isai González, Murillo, Kevin Gonzalez, Gorius, Nicolas, Gouel, Pierre-Vincent, Goulty, Duncan, Granata, Valentina, Grenfell, John Lee, Grießbach, Denis, Grolleau, Emmanuel, Grouffal, Salomé, Grziwa, Sascha, Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Gueguen, Loïc, Guenther, Eike Wolf, Guilhem, Terrasa, Guillerot, Lucas, Guiot, Pierre, Guterman, Pascal, Gutiérrez, Antonio, Gutiérrez-Canales, Fernando, Hagelberg, Janis, Haldemann, Jonas, Hall, Cassandra, Handberg, Rasmus, Harrison, Ian, Harrison, Diana L., Hasiba, Johann, Haswell, Carole A., Hatalova, Petra, Hatzes, Artie, Haywood, Raphaelle, Hébrard, Guillaume, Heckes, Frank, Heiter, Ulrike, Hekker, Saskia, Heller, René, Helling, Christiane, Helminiak, Krzysztof, Hemsley, Simon, Heng, Kevin, Hermans, Aline, Hermes, JJ, Torres, Nadia Hidalgo, Hinkel, Natalie, Hobbs, David, Hodgkin, Simon, Hofmann, Karl, Hojjatpanah, Saeed, Houdek, Günter, Huber, Daniel, Huesler, Joseph, Hui-Bon-Hoa, Alain, Huygen, Rik, Huynh, Duc-Dat, Iro, Nicolas, Irwin, Jonathan, Irwin, Mike, Izidoro, André, Jacquinod, Sophie, Jannsen, Nicholas Emborg, Janson, Markus, Jeszenszky, Harald, Jiang, Chen, Mancebo, Antonio José Jimenez, Jofre, Paula, Johansen, Anders, Johnston, Cole, Jones, Geraint, Kallinger, Thomas, Kálmán, Szilárd, Kanitz, Thomas, Karjalainen, Marie, Karjalainen, Raine, Karoff, Christoffer, Kawaler, Steven, Kawata, Daisuke, Keereman, Arnoud, Keiderling, David, Kennedy, Tom, Kenworthy, Matthew, Kerschbaum, Franz, Kidger, Mark, Kiefer, Flavien, Kintziger, Christian, Kislyakova, Kristina, Kiss, László, Klagyivik, Peter, Klahr, Hubert, Klevas, Jonas, Kochukhov, Oleg, Köhler, Ulrich, Kolb, Ulrich, Koncz, Alexander, Korth, Judith, Kostogryz, Nadiia, Kovács, Gábor, Kovács, József, Kozhura, Oleg, Krivova, Natalie, Kučinskas, Arunas, Kuhlemann, Ilyas, Kupka, Friedrich, Laauwen, Wouter, Labiano, Alvaro, Lagarde, Nadege, Laget, Philippe, Laky, Gunter, Lam, Kristine Wai Fun, Lambrechts, Michiel, Lammer, Helmut, Lanza, Antonino Francesco, Lanzafame, Alessandro, Martiz, Mariel Lares, Laskar, Jacques, Latter, Henrik, Lavanant, Tony, Lawrenson, Alastair, Lazzoni, Cecilia, Lebre, Agnes, Lebreton, Yveline, Etangs, Alain Lecavelier des, Leinhardt, Zoe, Leleu, Adrien, Lendl, Monika, Leto, Giuseppe, Levillain, Yves, Libert, Anne-Sophie, Lichtenberg, Tim, Ligi, Roxanne, Lignieres, Francois, Lillo-Box, Jorge, Linsky, Jeffrey, Liu, John Scige, Loidolt, Dominik, Longval, Yuying, Lopes, Ilídio, Lorenzani, Andrea, Ludwig, Hans-Guenter, Lund, Mikkel, Lundkvist, Mia Sloth, Luri, Xavier, Maceroni, Carla, Madden, Sean, Madhusudhan, Nikku, Maggio, Antonio, Magliano, Christian, Magrin, Demetrio, Mahy, Laurent, Maibaum, Olaf, Malac-Allain, LeeRoy, Malapert, Jean-Christophe, Malavolta, Luca, Maldonado, Jesus, Mamonova, Elena, Manchon, Louis, Mann, Andrew, Mantovan, Giacomo, Marafatto, Luca, Marconi, Marcella, Mardling, Rosemary, Marigo, Paola, Marinoni, Silvia, Marques, Érico, Marques, Joao Pedro, Marrese, Paola Maria, Marshall, Douglas, Perales, Silvia Martínez, Mary, David, Marzari, Francesco, Masana, Eduard, Mascher, Andrina, Mathis, Stéphane, Mathur, Savita, Figueiredo, Ana Carolina Mattiuci, Maxted, Pierre F. L., Mazeh, Tsevi, Mazevet, Stephane, Mazzei, Francesco, McCormac, James, McMillan, Paul, Menou, Lucas, Merle, Thibault, Meru, Farzana, Mesa, Dino, Messina, Sergio, Mészáros, Szabolcs, Meunier, Nadége, Meunier, Jean-Charles, Micela, Giuseppina, Michaelis, Harald, Michel, Eric, Michielsen, Mathias, Michtchenko, Tatiana, Miglio, Andrea, Miguel, Yamila, Milligan, David, Mirouh, Giovanni, Mitchell, Morgan, Moedas, Nuno, Molendini, Francesca, Molnár, László, Mombarg, Joey, Montalban, Josefina, Montalto, Marco, Monteiro, Mário J. P. F. G., Morales, Juan Carlos, Morales-Calderon, Maria, Morbidelli, Alessandro, Mordasini, Christoph, Moreau, Chrystel, Morel, Thierry, Morello, Guiseppe, Morin, Julien, Mortier, Annelies, Mosser, Benoît, Mourard, Denis, Mousis, Olivier, Moutou, Claire, Mowlavi, Nami, Moya, Andrés, Muehlmann, Prisca, Muirhead, Philip, Munari, Matteo, Musella, Ilaria, Mustill, Alexander James, Nardetto, Nicolas, Nardiello, Domenico, Narita, Norio, Nascimbeni, Valerio, Nash, Anna, Neiner, Coralie, Nelson, Richard P., Nettelmann, Nadine, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, Nielsen, Martin, Niemi, Sami-Matias, Noack, Lena, Noels-Grotsch, Arlette, Noll, Anthony, Norazman, Azib, Norton, Andrew J., Nsamba, Benard, Ofir, Aviv, Ogilvie, Gordon, Olander, Terese, Olivetto, Christian, Olofsson, Göran, Ong, Joel, Ortolani, Sergio, Oshagh, Mahmoudreza, Ottacher, Harald, Ottensamer, Roland, Ouazzani, Rhita-Maria, Paardekooper, Sijme-Jan, Pace, Emanuele, Pajas, Miriam, Palacios, Ana, Palandri, Gaelle, Palle, Enric, Paproth, Carsten, Parro, Vanderlei, Parviainen, Hannu, Granado, Javier Pascual, Passegger, Vera Maria, Pastor-Morales, Carmen, Pätzold, Martin, Pedersen, May Gade, Hidalgo, David Pena, Pepe, Francesco, Pereira, Filipe, Persson, Carina M., Pertenais, Martin, Peter, Gisbert, Petit, Antoine C., Petit, Pascal, Pezzuto, Stefano, Pichierri, Gabriele, Pietrinferni, Adriano, Pinheiro, Fernando, Pinsonneault, Marc, Plachy, Emese, Plasson, Philippe, Plez, Bertrand, Poppenhaeger, Katja, Poretti, Ennio, Portaluri, Elisa, Portell, Jordi, de Mello, Gustavo Frederico Porto, Poyatos, Julien, Pozuelos, Francisco J., Moroni, Pier Giorgio Prada, Pricopi, Dumitru, Prisinzano, Loredana, Quade, Matthias, Quirrenbach160, ndreas, Reina6, Julio Arturo Rabanal, Soares, Maria Cristina Rabello, Raimondo, Gabriella, Rainer, Monica, Rodón, Jose Ramón, Ramón-Ballesta, Alejandro, Zapata, Gonzalo Ramos, Rätz, Stefanie, Rauterberg, Christoph, Redman, Bob, Redmer, Ronald, Reese, Daniel, Regibo, Sara, Reiners, Ansgar, Reinhold, Timo, Renie, Christian, Ribas, Ignasi, Ribeiro, Sergio, Ricciardi, Thiago Pereira, Rice, Ken, Richard, Olivier, Riello, Marco, Rieutord, Michel, Ripepi, Vincenzo, Rixon, Guy, Rockstein, Steve, Rodríguez, María Teresa Rodrigo, Díaz, Luisa Fernanda Rodríguez, Garcia, Juan Pablo Rodriguez, Rodriguez-Gomez, Julio, Roehlly, Yannick, Roig, Fernando, Rojas-Ayala, Bárbara, Rolf, Tobias, Rørsted, Jakob Lysgaard, Rosado, Hugo, Rosotti, Giovanni, Roth, Olivier, Roth, Markus, Rousseau, Alex, Roxburgh, Ian, Roy, Fabrice, Royer, Pierre, Ruane, Kirk, Mastropasqua, Sergio Rufini, de Galarreta, Claudia Ruiz, Russi, Andrea, Saar, Steven, Saillenfest, Melaine, Salaris, Maurizio, Salmon, Sebastien, Saltas, Ippocratis, Samadi, Réza, Samadi, Aunia, Samra, Dominic, da Silva, Tiago Sanches, Carrasco, Miguel Andrés Sánchez, Santerne, Alexandre, Santoli, Francesco, Santos, Ângela R. G., Mesa, Rosario Sanz, Sarro, Luis Manuel, Scandariato, Gaetano, Schäfer, Martin, Schlafly, Edward, Schmider, François-Xavier, Schneider, Jean, Schou, Jesper, Schunker, Hannah, Schwarzkopf, Gabriel Jörg, Serenelli, Aldo, Seynaeve, Dries, Shan, Yutong, Shapiro, Alexander, Shipman, Russel, Sicilia, Daniela, Sanmartin, Maria Angeles Sierra, Sigot, Axelle, Silliman, Kyle, Silvotti, Roberto, Simon, Attila E., Napoli, Ricardo Simoyama, Skarka, Marek, Smalley, Barry, Smiljanic, Rodolfo, Smit, Samuel, Smith, Alexis, Smith, Leigh, Snellen, Ignas, Sódor, Ádám, Sohl, Frank, Solanki, Sami K., Sortino, Francesca, Sousa, Sérgio, Southworth, John, Souto, Diogo, Sozzetti, Alessandro, Stamatellos, Dimitris, Stassun, Keivan, Steller, Manfred, Stello, Dennis, Stelzer, Beate, Stiebeler, Ulrike, Stokholm, Amalie, Storelvmo, Trude, Strassmeier, Klaus, Strøm, Paul Anthony, Strugarek, Antoine, Sulis, Sophia, Švanda, Michal, Szabados, László, Szabó, Róbert, Szabó, Gyula M., Szuszkiewicz, Ewa, Talens, Geert Jan, Teti, Daniele, Theisen, Tom, Thévenin, Frédéric, Thoul, Anne, Tiphene, Didier, Titz-Weider, Ruth, Tkachenko, Andrew, Tomecki, Daniel, Tonfat, Jorge, Tosi, Nicola, Trampedach, Regner, Traven, Gregor, Triaud, Amaury, Trønnes, Reidar, Tsantaki, Maria, Tschentscher, Matthias, Turin, Arnaud, Tvaruzka, Adam, Ulmer, Bernd, Ulmer-Moll, Solène, Ulusoy, Ceren, Umbriaco, Gabriele, Valencia, Diana, Valentini, Marica, Valio, Adriana, Guijarro, Ángel Luis Valverde, Van Eylen, Vincent, Van Grootel, Valerie, van Kempen, Tim A., Van Reeth, Timothy, Van Zelst, Iris, Vandenbussche, Bart, Vasiliou, Konstantinos, Vasilyev, Valeriy, de Mascarenhas, David Vaz, Vazan, Allona, Nunez, Marina Vela, Velloso, Eduardo Nunes, Ventura, Rita, Ventura, Paolo, Venturini, Julia, Trallero, Isabel Vera, Veras, Dimitri, Verdugo, Eva, Verma, Kuldeep, Vibert, Didier, Martinez, Tobias Vicanek, Vida, Krisztián, Vigan, Arthur, Villacorta, Antonio, Villaver, Eva, Aparicio, Marcos Villaverde, Viotto, Valentina, Vorobyov, Eduard, Vorontsov, Sergey, Wagner, Frank W., Walloschek, Thomas, Walton, Nicholas, Walton, Dave, Wang, Haiyang, Waters, Rens, Watson, Christopher, Wedemeyer, Sven, Weeks, Angharad, Weingril, Jörg, Weiss, Annita, Wendler, Belinda, West, Richard, Westerdorff, Karsten, Westphal, Pierre-Amaury, Wheatley, Peter, White, Tim, Whittaker, Amadou, Wickhusen, Kai, Wilson, Thomas, Windsor, James, Winter, Othon, Winther, Mark Lykke, Winton, Alistair, Witteck, Ulrike, Witzke, Veronika, Woitke, Peter, Wolter, David, Wuchterl, Günther, Wyatt, Mark, Yang, Dan, Yu, Jie, Sanchez, Ricardo Zanmar, Osorio, María Rosa Zapatero, Zechmeister, Mathias, Zhou, Yixiao, Ziemke, Claas, and Zwintz, Konstanze

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

PLATO (PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars) is ESA's M3 mission designed to detect and characterise extrasolar planets and perform asteroseismic monitoring of a large number of stars. PLATO will detect small planets (down to <2 R_(Earth)) around bright stars (<11 mag), including terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of solar-like stars. With the complement of radial velocity observations from the ground, planets will be characterised for their radius, mass, and age with high accuracy (5 %, 10 %, 10 % for an Earth-Sun combination respectively). PLATO will provide us with a large-scale catalogue of well-characterised small planets up to intermediate orbital periods, relevant for a meaningful comparison to planet formation theories and to better understand planet evolution. It will make possible comparative exoplanetology to place our Solar System planets in a broader context. In parallel, PLATO will study (host) stars using asteroseismology, allowing us to determine the stellar properties with high accuracy, substantially enhancing our knowledge of stellar structure and evolution. The payload instrument consists of 26 cameras with 12cm aperture each. For at least four years, the mission will perform high-precision photometric measurements. Here we review the science objectives, present PLATO's target samples and fields, provide an overview of expected core science performance as well as a description of the instrument and the mission profile at the beginning of the serial production of the flight cameras. PLATO is scheduled for a launch date end 2026. This overview therefore provides a summary of the mission to the community in preparation of the upcoming operational phases.

Published
2024

3. Continental crust beneath southeast Iceland

Author

Torsvik, Trond H., Amundsen, Hans E. F., Trønnes, Reidar G., Doubrovine, Pavel V., Gaina, Carmen, Kusznir, Nick J., Steinberger, Bernhard, Corfu, Fernando, Ashwal, Lewis D., Griffin, William L., Werner, Stephanie C., and Jamtveit, Bjørn

Published
2015

8. Seismological Expression of the Iron Spin Crossover in Ferropericlase in the Earth’s Lower Mantle

Author

Shephard, Grace, Trønnes, Reidar, Houser, Christine, Hernlund, John, Wentzkovitch, Renata, and Valencia-Cardona, Juan

Subjects
bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Physics, EarthArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Physics, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Tectonics and Structure, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences, EarthArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Geochemistry, EarthArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences, EarthArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Physics|Quantum Physics, EarthArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Mineral Physics, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Geophysics and Seismology, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Physics|Quantum Physics, EarthArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Tectonics and Structure, EarthArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Geophysics and Seismology, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Geochemistry, EarthArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Mineral Physics
Abstract

The two most abundant minerals on Earth which together make up over 90% of the Earth’s lower mantle are (Mg,Fe)O-ferropericlase (Fp) and (Mg,Fe)SiO3-bridgmanite (Bm). Iron in Fp undergoes a high-spin to low-spin (HS-LS) crossover that influences density, viscosity, elasticity, thermal conductivity, and elemental partitioning, however, the predicted effects of this transition are not apparent in global 1D seismic velocity profiles. This discrepancy suggests that the predictions are inaccurate, seismic resolution is insufficient to resolve the effects, or a substantial portion of the mid-lower mantle is relatively SiO2-rich (hence Fp poor) compared to the shallow mantle. The melt-depleted mantle lithosphere of subducted oceanic slabs that sink into the lower mantle contains 22% Fp, and thus offers the best opportunity to prospect for a spin change in Fp. Here we reveal a loss in the abundance of fast seismic velocity anomalies in compressional (P-wave) tomography models at 1,400-2,000 km depth that is opposite to the trend in shear (S-wave) models. This can be explained by the decreasing temperature sensitivity of P-velocity expected for the mixed spin state of iron in Fp at corresponding pressures7. We also observe a similar but subtle signal for seismically slow regions below 1,800 km, consistent with a pressure increase and broadening of the Fp spin transition at higher temperatures. Seismic wave raypath distribution is similar for both P- and S-waves in this depth range, therefore this signature cannot be attributed to substantial differences in data coverage. Our identification of the spin transition signal in seismically fast and slow regions indicates that the spin crossover can identify the presence of Fp in the lower mantle. The absence of a Fp spin crossover signal in global seismic profiles supports the notion that the lower mantle is chemically heterogeneous at large scales and contains SiO2-rich regions that suppress the average signature of these pressure-induced electron spin pairing transitions.

Published
2020

9. High pressure silica phase transitions: Implications for deep mantle dynamics and silica crystallization in the protocore. Am. Mineral. 105, 1014-1020

Author

Das, Pratik Kumar, Mohn, Chris Erik, Brodholt, John Peter, and Trønnes, Reidar G

Abstract

The subsolidus phase diagram of silica in the 80–220 GPa pressure range was determined by density functional theory (DFT). The transition pressures calculated using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) in the static limit (at 0 K, without zero point vibrational energy) for the β-stishovite (CaCl2-structure) to seifertite and the seifertite to pyrite-type transitions are 95 and 213 GPa, respectively. These are in good agreement with those calculated using hybrid functionals, giving transition pressures of 96 and 215 GPa. This indicates that previous local density approximation (LDA) results underestimate the transition pressure by 10–15 GPa. Density functional perturbation theory calculations, carried out using GGA within the quasi-harmonic approximations, give Clapeyron slopes of 5.4 and −2.8 MPa/K for the β-stishovite to seifertite and seifertite to pyrite-type transitions, respectively. This suggests that the seifertite-forming transition occurs at 109 GPa (470 km above the core-mantle boundary, CMB) at an ambient mantle geotherm, whereas the pyrite-type transition occurs at 200 GPa (620 km below the CMB) at 4700 K, which is close to the core adiabat. We also calculate the equation of state and show that the stability of seifertite in the lowermost mantle contributes negative buoyancy to recycled oceanic crust, although not as much as in some previous studies. Nevertheless, the increased density of seifertite over β-stishovite may lead to layers with elevated proportions of basaltic material within the large low S-wave velocity provinces. The seifertite to pyrite-type silica transition in the outer core will affect the silica liquidus surface in the system Fe-Si-O and forms a basis for further investigations of silica crystallization in the protocore.

Published
2020

31. Mixing and Progressive Melting of Deep and Shallow Mantle Sources in the NE Atlantic and Arctic

Author

Trønnes, Reidar, Debaille, Vincianne, Erambert, M., and Waight, Tod Earle

Abstract

NE Atlantic and Arctic MORB and primitive off-rift basalts in Iceland, Jan Mayen and Spitsbergen (late Quaternary alkaline basalts) record variable geochemicalinteraction between the asthenospheric mantle (AM), material supplied by the Iceland plume and subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). The SCLM-component was mixed with the local asthenosphere during and shortly after the continental rifting and ocean basin opening. Using combined Sr-Nd-Pb-Os-He-isotope systematics, the Iceland plume can be modelled as a mixture of 70% refractory/primordial lower mantle (LM) and 30% recycled oceanic crust (ROC). Low-degree melts are preferentially from the enriched ROC and SCLM components, before progressive melting gradually consumes more of thethe LM and AM components. The modelled ROC/SCLM-ratio decreases markedly from a maximum of about 2.3 at the Reykjanes Ridge, Reykjanes Peninsula and the Southern Volcanic Flank Zone in Iceland, via 1.2 at the Snæfellsnes peninsula, Western Rift Zone and Mid-Icelandic Belt and 0.7 at Jan Mayen and the Kolbeinsey, Mohns and Knipovich Ridges to less than 0.2 in Spitsbergenand along the Gakkel Ridge. These ratios might be slightly overestimated due to a general background level of ROC (HIMU-component) in an otherwise depleted asthenosphere. The minor element composition of olivine phenocrysts inprimitive off-rift basalts in Iceland and Jan Mayen, sampling preferentially the enriched source components, indicates that the SCLM-lithologies are dominantly peridotitic, in contrast to the ROC-lithologies, recording a higher proportion ofeclogites and hybridized pyroxenites. The combined Hf-Ndisotope systematics also discriminate between these two enriched source components. The high proportion of the SCLM-component in the asthenosphere along the Kolbeinsey, Mohns, Knipovich and Gakkel Ridges reflects the young, narrow and slow-spreading character of the corresponding oceanic basins. These ridgesappear to sample mantle sources with higher proportions of locally derived SCLM-material than other mid-ocean ridges.

Published
2013

32. Earth evolution and dynamics-a tribute to Kevin Burke1.

Author

Torsvik, Trond H., Steinberger, Bernhard, Ashwal, Lewis D., Doubrovine, Pavel V., Trønnes, Reidar G., and Polat, Ali

Subjects
MANTLE plumes, PLATE tectonics, KIMBERLITE, IGNEOUS provinces, CORE-mantle boundary
Abstract

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Published
2016
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37. Phase diagram and P-V-T equation of state of Al-bearing seifertite at lowermost mantle conditions.

Author

ANDRAULT, DENIS, TRøNNES, REIDAR G., KONÔPKOVÁ, ZUZANA, MORGENROTH, WOLFGANG, LIERMANN, HANNS P., MORARD, GUILLAUME, and MEZOUAR, MOHAMED

Subjects
*MINERALS, *MINERALOGY, *X-ray diffraction, *EARTH'S mantle, *SYNCHROTRONS, *CONSTRUCTION slabs, *PHASE transitions
Abstract

We investigated the properties of Al-bearing SiO2 (with 4 or 6 wt% Al2O3) at pressures and temperatures corresponding to the lowermost mantle, using laser-heated diamond-anvil cell coupled with synchrotron-based in situ X-ray diffraction. The phase transition from CaCl2-structured to α-PbO2- structured (seifertite) polymorphs occurs between 113 and 119 GPa at 2500 K. The range of pressure where the two phases coexist is small. There is a slight decrease of the transition pressure with increasing Al-content. We propose a tentative phase diagram reporting the minerals composition as a function of pressure in the SiO2-Al2O3 system. We also refine the P-V-T equation of state of Al-bearing seifertite based on volume measurements up to more than 160 GPa and 4000 K [V0 = 92.73(10) Å3, K0 = 304.2(3.0) GPa, K'0 = 4.59 (fixed), ɵD0 = 1130 K (fixed), γ0 = 1.61(3)]. At 300 K, the volume decrease at the CaCl2 to α-PbO2 transition is 0.5(1)%, a value slightly lower than the 0.6% reported previously for Al-free samples. At high temperature, the Grüneisen parameter of seifertite is found to be similar to that of stishovite. Nevertheless, the ▵ V/V across the CaCl2-form to seifertite transition is found to increase slightly with increasing temperature. Across the phase transition, volume changes can be translated into density changes only when the Al substitution mechanisms in both CaCl2-form and seifertite are defined. The analysis of all available data sets suggests different substitution mechanisms for the two SiO2 polymorphs. Al-substitution could occur via O-vacancies in the CaCl2-form and via extra interstitial Al in seifertite. This would result in a density increase of 2.2(3)% at 300 K for SiO2 in basaltic lithologies. Alternatively, the same Alsubstitution mechanism in both of the SiO2-dominated phases would yield a density increase of 0.5(1)%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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45. Equations of state of CaIrO3 perovskite and post-perovskite phases.

Author

Ballaran, Tiziana Boffa, Trønnes, Reidar G., and Frost, Daniel J.

Subjects
*PEROVSKITE, *OPTICAL diffraction, *X-ray diffraction, *EQUATIONS of state, *ANISOTROPY, *OXIDE minerals
Abstract

Unit-cell lattice parameters have been measured to ~8 GPa in a diamond anvil cell for two single crystals of CaIrO3: one with the perovskite (Pbnm) and the other with the post-perovskite (Cmcm) structure. The CaIrO3 post-perovskite structure is more compressible than the perovskite. A third-order Birch Murnaghan equation of state has been used to fit the measured P-V data with the following redefined parameters: V0 = 229.463(8) ų, K0 = 198(3) GPa, K' = 1.2(8); and V0 = 226.38(1) ų, K0 = 181(3) GPa, K' = 2.3(8) for CaIrO3 perovskite and post-perovskite, respectively. The compressibility of the unit-cell axes of the perovskite structure is highly anisotropic with βa >> βc >> βb. In contrast, the b axis is the most compressible in the post-perovskite structure, whereas the a and c axes have similar compressibilities (with c slightly less compressible than a) and are much stiffer. A comparison between the compressibility of CaIrO3 perovskite and post-perovskite with the isostructural MgSiO3 phases, reveals a similar general behavior, although in detail CaIrO3 perovskite is more and the post-perovskite less anisotropic than the corresponding MgSiO3 compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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46. The perovskite to post-perovskite transition in CaIrO3: Clapeyron slope and changes in bulk and shear moduli by density functional theory

Author

Stølen, Svein and Trønnes, Reidar G.

Subjects
*OXIDE minerals, *PEROVSKITE, *THERMODYNAMICS, *ENTHALPY
Abstract

Abstract: The thermodynamic properties of perovskite (pv) and post-perovskite (ppv) of CaIrO3 are derived from total energy calculations using density functional theory. Negative molar volume and enthalpy changes of 0.40cm3 mol−1 and 11.8kJmol−1 for the pv to ppv transition at 0K stabilize ppv at low temperatures and high-pressures. Vibrational entropies calculated in the harmonic approximation, using the direct method, favour pv with increasing temperatures (105.5JK−1 mol−1 for pv versus 99.2JK−1 mol−1 for ppv at 298K). A main reason for the lower entropy of post-perovskite compared to perovskite is probably related to constraints on certain vibrational modes imposed by edge-sharing of octahedra in post-perovskite. The Clapeyron slope of the pv–ppv phase boundary is deduced from the calculated enthalpy and volume of transition in conjunction with an experimental transition temperature. The resulting dp/dT of 18MPaK−1 is in good agreement with experimental determinations reported in literature. The high-pressure properties were calculated from the variation of the total energy with volume using the Murnaghan (M) and the Birch–Murnaghan (B–M) equations-of-state. The two methods give the same values for the bulk modulus but somewhat different values for the pressure derivative of the bulk modulus: K 0 =178GPa and and 3.3 (B–M) for pv compared to K 0 =164GPa and and 4.0 (B–M) for ppv. By holding for pv fixed at 4.0, K 0 is reduced to 172GPa. The bulk moduli at zero pressure were also derived through calculation of the elastic constants giving K 0 =172GPa for pv compared to K 0 =157GPa for ppv. In order to compare the changes in the bulk and shear moduli across the pv–ppv phase transition, also the shear moduli were derived from the elastic constants. Whereas the bulk modulus decreases by about 9% from perovskite to post-perovskite, the shear modulus increases by about 15% across the transition. The elastic parameters obtained for the CaIrO3 polymorphs are consistent with those of MgSiO3 and with seismic velocity variations in the lowermost mantle. Our DFT-results demonstrate that CaIrO3 may be a useful low-pressure analogue for studies of the general properties of the pv–ppv-transition relevant to the D″ layer since the negative and positive changes in bulk and shear moduli, respectively, across the pv- to ppv-transition boundary appear to be strongly linked to the nature of the two crystal structures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2007
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47. Subsolidus phase relations and perovskite compressibility in the system MgO–AlO1.5–SiO2 with implications for Earth's lower mantle

Author

Walter, Michael J., Trønnes, Reidar G., Armstrong, Lora S., Lord, Oliver T., Caldwell, Wendel A., and Clark, Simon M.

Subjects
*PEROVSKITE, *OXIDE minerals, *HIGH pressure (Science), *PROPERTIES of matter
Abstract

Abstract: Experimentally determined phase relations in the system MgO–AlO1.5–SiO2 at pressures relevant to the upper part of the lower mantle indicate that Mg–silicate perovskite incorporates aluminum into its structure almost exclusively by a charge-coupled reaction. MgSiO3-rich bulk compositions along the joins MgSiO3–MgAlO2.5 and MgSiO3–MgAl2O4 crystallize assemblages of perovskite coexisting with periclase. MgO-saturated perovskites along these joins have ambient unit cell volumes consistent with those measured and calculated for aluminous perovskite along the charge-coupled substitution join, MgSiO3–AlO1.5. The compressibility of aluminous perovskite along the MgO-saturated joins is not anomalously low as predicted for oxygen-defect perovskites. The bulk moduli, however, are consistent with previous measurements made for aluminous perovskites along the charge-coupled substitution join. These results agree with first-principles calculations showing very limited stability of O-defects in Mg-perovskite at pressures and temperatures corresponding to lower mantle conditions, but are inconsistent with earlier experimental results showing unusually compressive aluminous perovskite. The maximum solubility of alumina in perovskite is ∼25 mol% along the MgSiO3–AlO1.5 join within the ternary MAS-system (i.e. pyrope composition), and the join is apparently binary. Although primitive mantle peridotite compositions are MgO-saturated and fall nearly on the oxygen vacancy join, alumina substitution into perovskite is expected to occur primarily by charge-coupled substitution throughout the lower mantle. The compressibility of aluminous perovskite in primitive mantle is expected to be only a few percent lower than for end member MgSiO3 perovskite. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2006
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50. Letter: Equations of state of CaIrO3perovskite and post-perovskite phases

Author

Ballaran, Tiziana Boffa, Trønnes, Reidar G., and Frost, Daniel J.

Abstract

Unit-cell lattice parameters have been measured to ~8 GPa in a diamond anvil cell for two single crystals of CaIrO3: one with the perovskite (Pbnm) and the other with the post-perovskite (Cmcm) structure. The CaIrO3post-perovskite structure is more compressible than the perovskite. A third-order Birch Murnaghan equation of state has been used to fit the measured P-V data with the following refined parameters: V0= 229.463(8) Å3, K0= 198(3) GPa, K’ = 1.2(8); and V0= 226.38(1) Å3, K0= 181(3) GPa, K’ = 2.3(8) for CaIrO3perovskite and post-perovskite, respectively. The compressibility of the unit-cell axes of the perovskite structure is highly anisotropic with βa>> βc>> βb. In contrast, the b axis is the most compressible in the post-perovskite structure, whereas the a and c axes have similar compressibilities (with c slightly less compressible than a) and are much stiffer. A comparison between the compressibility of CaIrO3perovskite and post-perovskite with the isostructural MgSiO3phases, reveals a similar general behavior, although in detail CaIrO3perovskite is more and the postperovskite less anisotropic than the corresponding MgSiO3compounds.

Published
2007
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